3767:
1292:, with 19 species recognized in 2005, which was classified in Vespertilionidae until recently. Insectivorous and characterized by long fingers, the species are all quite similar, leading to a confused classification. On Madagascar, four species were recognized as recently as 2007, but systematic research has led the number to increase to eleven, of which nine are restricted to Madagascar and two shared with the Comoros.
440:
Pteropodidae are a diverse family, with 186 species recognized in 2005, which occurs across the tropical regions of the Old World. They include the largest bats, but also some smaller species, and are mostly diurnal and frugivorous. Three species are known from
Madagascar; each is classified in its
1581:, which is now classified in its own family), Vespertilionidae is the largest bat family. Characterized by a tail contained in the uropatagium, they occur around the world in many habitats and are insectivorous. Madagascar hosts an endemic species of the extremely widespread genus
3642:
Goodman, S.M., Maminirina, C.P., Bradman, H.M., Christidis, L. and
Appleton, B. 2009. The use of molecular phylogenetic and morphological tools to identify cryptic and paraphyletic species: Examples from the diminutive long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae:
919:
Nycteridae is a small family of 16 species (2005) in a single genus found in Africa and east to the Sunda
Islands. They are characterized by a groove on their face and are insectivorous. A single, poorly known species has been recorded from Madagascar.
1065:
This diverse family of 100 species (2005) occurs across the world in tropical regions. The tail conspicuously projects from the uropatagium and the wings are long. Eight species are known from
Madagascar, four of which are endemic.
3262:
Foley, N.M.; Goodman, S.M.; Whelan, C.V.; Puechmaille, S.J.; Teeling, E. (2017). "Towards navigating the
Minotaur's labyrinth: cryptic diversity and taxonomic revision within the speciose genus
3185:
Andriafidison, D, Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Rabearivelo, A., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and
Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008b.
788:
With 51 species (2005), Emballonuridae are a moderately diverse family. Found in tropical and subtropical regions across the world, they are characterized by a tail that extends beyond the
560:; absent from Madagascar) into a single family Rhinolophidae, but are currently classified separately. Six species, all endemic, are known from Madagascar, of which four are extant.
548:
Hipposideridae are a moderately diverse family—81 species were listed in 2005—and occur across the Old World tropics. Insectivorous, cave-roosting, and characterized by an elaborate
3730:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and
Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008e.
3757:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and
Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008l.
3739:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and
Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008i.
3721:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and
Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008d.
3622:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008h.
3613:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008g.
3520:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008n.
3511:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008j.
3502:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008i.
3237:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008q.
3228:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008p.
3219:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008o.
3194:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008c.
3176:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008a.
2771:
Goodman and Cardiff, 2004, p. 227; Simmons, 2005, p. 434; Mickleburgh et al., 2008b; Ratrimomanarivo et al., 2009, table 1; Goodman et al., 2010b, p. 128
3748:
Andriafidison, D, Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008k.
3529:
Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2014.
3210:
Andriafidison, D, Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008f.
43:, of which thirty-six occur only on the island. However, new species continue to be discovered, causing the number of species to rise rapidly; for example, Nick Garbutt's
792:(tail membrane), but may be retracted into a sheath. Four species are known from Madagascar, of which two are endemic and two others are shared with mainland Africa.
975:
This family, characterized by suction disks on the hand and feet, is unique to Madagascar. (It does, however, have a fossil record in Africa extending from the late
1617:. The classification of the "pipistrelles" is confused, leading to many changing identifications. In addition to the six "pipistrelles" listed here, the African
2530:
Simmons, 2005, p. 378; Ranivo and Goodman, 2007, p. 964, appendix 2; Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34; Andriafidison et al., 2008p
2521:
Simmons, 2005, p. 378; Ranivo and Goodman, 2007, p. 964, appendix 2; Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34; Andriafidison et al., 2008o
3573:
Jenkins, R.K.B., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratimomanarivo, F., Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M., Bergmans, W., Cotterill, F.P.D. and Fahr, J. 2008e.
3356:
2557:
Ranivo and Goodman, 2007, appendix 3; Goodman and Ranivo, 2009, p. 54; Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34; Andriafidison et al., 2008q
3902:
3164:
3148:
3132:
3111:
3887:
397:
Geographic distribution of the species. Abbreviations used are S, south; N, north; E, east; W, west; C, central; SW, southwest; etcetera.
3247:
3080:
Simmons, 2005, p. 467; Goodman et al., 2005, table 1, pp. 873–875; Garbutt, 2007, p. 76; Andriafidison et al., 2008l
3062:
Simmons, 2005, p. 465; Goodman et al., 2005, table 1, pp. 871–873; Garbutt, 2007, p. 76; Andriafidison et al., 2008k
983:.) A single species has historically been recognized, but eastern and western populations were classified as separate species in 2007.
2641:"New Myzopodidae (Chiroptera) from the Late Paleogene of Egypt: Emended Family Diagnosis and Biogeographic Origins of Noctilionoidea"
498:
47:(2007) listed only 36 species. Most Malagasy bats have their origins in nearby mainland Africa, but on at least three occasions—
3892:
3252:(Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe
1916:
20:
3026:
Simmons, 2005, p. 456; Bates et al., 2006, table 1, fig. 7, pp. 312–313; Andriafidison et al., 2008e
77:
The following bat genera and families include species found on Madagascar (all species counts are for Madagascar only):
3044:
Simmons, 2005, p. 474; Bates et al., 2006, table 1, fig. 7, pp. 317–318; Mickleburgh et al., 2008a
714:
3631:
Goodman, S.M., Bradman, H.M., Maminirina, C.P., Ryan, K.E., Christidis, L. and Appleton, B. 2008b. A new species of
517:
661:
429:
as of 2008, except as indicated. "Not evaluated" is used to indicate that no IUCN status assessment is available.
3035:
Simmons, 2005, p. 494; Bates et al., 2006, table 1, fig. 7, pp. 315–316; Goodman et al., 2012
1457:
947:
2352:
It is uncertain whether the single known specimen from Madagascar belongs to this species, otherwise known from
1623:
has also been recorded from Madagascar, but the identification of the Madagascar records needs to be confirmed.
3897:
3582:
Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A., Ravino, J., Bergmans, W., Cotterill, F.P.D. and Gerlach, J. 2008b.
1696:
1342:
1234:
638:
562:
387:
Year when the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority of the species
3882:
3304:(Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) reputed to be from Madagascar and the description of a replacement species name
3017:
Simmons, 2005, p. 495; Bates et al., 2006, table 1, pp. 313, 315; Andriafidison et al., 2008d
1772:
1765:
2999:
Simmons, 2005, p. 489; Bates et al., 2006, table 1, fig. 7, p. 319; Jacobs et al., 2008
3127:
Nowak, R.M. 1994. Walker's Bats of the World. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 287 pp.
1887:
1813:
1549:
1411:
1136:
2891:
Simmons, 2005, p. 519; Andriafidison et al., 2008g; Goodman et al., 2010a, fig. 1, table 1
868:
65:
3772:(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar with a review of related Vespertilioninae from the island
1526:
1434:
1211:
1093:
891:
707:
684:
2575:
Simmons, 2005, p. 386; Garbutt, 2007, p. 66; Goodman et al., 2008a; Mickleburgh et al., 2008c
2654:
2242:
2176:
1864:
1841:
1192:
1166:
1037:
615:
568:
524:
3394:(Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) on Madagascar and identification and diagnosis of members of the genus
2945:
Goodman et al., 2008b, fig. 1, table 1; 2009, p. 5; Jenkins and Rakotoarivelo, 2008b
2548:
Simmons, 2005, p. 379; Goodman and Ranivo, 2009, p. 54; Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34
2339:
2282:
1791:
1742:
1319:
1113:
1017:
49:
2708:
Simmons, 2005, p. 394; Garbutt, 2007, p. 72; Goodman et al., 2007; Jenkins et al., 2008c
3591:
Ratrimomanarivo, F.H., Goodman, S.M., Stanley, W.T., Naidoo, T., Taylor, P.J. and Lamb, J. 2009.
3283:
3106:
Garbutt, N. 2007. Mammals of Madagascar: A Complete Guide. London: A & C Black, 304 pp.
3089:
Goodman et al., 2005, table 1, p. 875; Garbutt, 2007, p. 76; Jenkins et al., 2008i
2118:
2068:
2059:
1719:
1503:
1480:
1257:
845:
756:
733:
61:
3597:(Chiroptera: Molossidae) of Madagascar and the western Indian Ocean islands of Mayotte and Pemba
3137:
Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.).
2927:
Simmons, 2005, p. 520; Jenkins and Rakotoarivelo, 2008a; Goodman et al., 2010b, p. 132
3785:(Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) on Madagascar, with the description of a new species.
3160:
3144:
3128:
3107:
2753:
Goodman and Cardiff, 2004, table 1; Garbutt, 2007, p. 82; Andriafidison et al., 2014
2682:
2103:
1952:
1650:
1388:
1365:
763:
468:
3558:
Goodman, S.M., Buccas, W., Naidoo, T., Ratrimomanarivo, F., Taylor, P.J. and Lamb, J. 2010c.
2467:
Nowak, 1994, p. 110; Garbutt, 2007, pp. 68–69; Samonds, 2007; Benda and Vallo, 2009
3331:
3275:
2672:
2662:
1619:
1159:
307:
243:
3672:
Goodman, S.M., Ramasindrazana, B., Maminirina, C.P., Schoeman, M.C. and Appleton, B. 2011.
3792:
Goodman, S.M., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Randrianandrianina, F.H. 2006b. A new species of
1593:, and at least six (four endemic) of small vespertilionids ("pipistrelles") in the genera
1264:
1010:
374:
90:
3654:
Goodman, S.M., Maminirina, C.P., Bradman, H.M., Christidis, L. and Appleton, B.R. 2010a.
3804:
3559:
2658:
3564:
complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar
3560:
Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the
3403:
Hutson, A.M., Racey, P., Ravino, J., Mickleburgh, S., Bergmans, W. and Fahr, J. 2008c.
2677:
2640:
1937:
1673:
826:
491:
163:
118:
55:
3655:
3876:
3854:
Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008i.
3845:
Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008h.
3836:
Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008g.
3705:
Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008f.
3486:
Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008d.
3477:
Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008c.
3421:
Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008b.
3412:
Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008a.
3279:
2018:
580:
553:
412:
408:
289:
144:
135:
3673:
3287:
3864:
3855:
3846:
3837:
3722:
3706:
3697:
3530:
3512:
3487:
3422:
2063:, which is now restricted to the Middle East, but are more conventionally known as
1613:
819:
342:
252:
126:
82:
3828:
3819:
3781:
Goodman S.M., Jenkins R.K.B. and Ratrimomanarivo F.H. 2005. A review of the genus
3758:
3749:
3740:
3731:
3688:
3623:
3614:
3574:
3539:
3521:
3503:
3478:
3463:
3447:
3404:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3195:
3186:
3008:
Simmons, 2005, p. 508; Garbutt, 2007, p. 74; Andriafidison et al., 2008i
2816:
Simmons, 2005, p. 447; Garbutt, 2007, p. 84; Andriafidison et al., 2008k
2798:
Simmons, 2005, p. 445; Garbutt, 2007, p. 80; Andriafidison et al., 2008j
2780:
Simmons, 2005, p. 442; Garbutt, 2007, p. 83; Andriafidison et al., 2008n
2494:
Simmons, 2005, p. 369; Garbutt, 2007, p. 69; Andriafidison et al., 2008f
2458:
Simmons, 2005, p. 348; Garbutt, 2007, p. 64; Andriafidison et al., 2008c
2440:
Simmons, 2005, p. 343; Garbutt, 2007, p. 60; Andriafidison et al., 2008b
2431:
Simmons, 2005, p. 321; Garbutt, 2007, p. 62; Andriafidison et al., 2008a
3583:
3431:
3413:
3177:
2667:
3827:
Jacobs, D., Cotterill, F.P.D., Taylor, P.J., Monadjem, A. and Griffin, M. 2008.
3430:
Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A., Cardiff, S. and Bergmans, W. 2008c.
3320:
have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene? (subscription required)"
3159:. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp.
3143:. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp.
1589:
980:
351:
297:
261:
217:
180:
3869:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3860:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3851:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3842:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3833:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3824:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3763:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3754:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3745:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3736:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3727:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3711:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3702:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3693:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3628:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3619:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3588:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3579:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3544:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3535:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Downloaded May 28, 2015.
3526:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3517:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3508:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3492:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3483:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3452:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3436:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3427:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3418:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3409:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3389:
3373:
Goodman, S.M., Cardiff, S.G., Ranivo, J., Russell, A.L. and Yoder, A.D. 2006a.
3243:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3234:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3225:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3216:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
3200:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 26, 2010.
3191:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 26, 2010.
3182:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 26, 2010.
2057:
Populations now included in this species have previously also been included in
3809:(family Vespertilionidae) in Madagascar, with the description of a new species
3592:
3117:
2353:
2237:
1607:
1185:
333:
235:
199:
40:
3766:
Bates, P.J.J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H., Harrison, D.L. and Goodman, S.M. 2006.
3656:
Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the endemic Malagasy bat
3314:
Goodman, S.M.; Schoeman, M.C.; Rakotoarivelo, A.; Willows-Munro, S. (2016).
2825:
Simmons, 2005, p. 450; Garbutt, 2007, p. 81 Cotterill et al., 2008
2789:
Simmons, 2005, p. 442; Garbutt, 2007, p. 83; Jenkins et al., 2008e
1601:
574:
189:
153:
108:
36:
3295:
2686:
2629:
Simmons, 2005, p. 393; Garbutt, 2007, p. 68; Hutson et al., 2008a
2602:
Simmons, 2005, p. 384; Garbutt, 2007, p. 67; Hutson et al., 2008c
2189:
Although often cited for the Comoros, its occurrence there is questionable.
2936:
Goodman et al., 2009, p. 5, table 3; Andriafidison et al., 2008h
441:
own genus and is most closely related to species from outside Madagascar.
2645:
789:
549:
279:
225:
207:
99:
32:
3803:
Goodman, S.M., Taylor, P.J., Ratrimomanarivo, F. and Hoofer, S.R. 2012.
3551:(Molossidae) from Madagascar with notes on other members of the family.
3357:
Late Pleistocene bat fossils from Anjohibe Cave, northwestern Madagascar
3116:
Goodman, S.M., Weyeneth, N., Ibrahim, Y., Saïd, I. and Ruedi, M. 2010b.
572:
was even larger. The other species belong to the closely related genera
2954:
Goodman et al., 2008b, fig. 1, table 1; Jenkins et al., 2008f
2593:
Goodman et al., 2006a; Garbutt, 2007, p. 66; Jenkins et al., 2008b
2584:
Goodman et al., 2006a; Garbutt, 2007, p. 65; Jenkins et al., 2008a
1595:
315:
270:
171:
3336:
3315:
3071:
Goodman et al., 2006b, p. 21, table 1; Jenkins et al., 2008h
2717:
Garbutt, 2007, p. 73; Goodman et al., 2007; Jenkins et al., 2008d
1583:
976:
324:
24:
3660:(Chiroptera: Miniopteridae), with the description of a new species,
3053:
Bates et al., 2006, table 1, fig. 7; Jenkins et al., 2008g
588:
in 2009 and is restricted to Madagascar and the western Seychelles.
3678:
bats from eastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species
3635:(Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) from lowland southeastern Madagascar.
3374:
28:
3538:
Cotterill, F.P.D, Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A. and Ravino, J. 2008.
3156:
Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference
3140:
Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference
900:
Madagascar and other W Indian Ocean islands; Sub-Saharan Africa
566:
is the largest non-pteropodid bat of Madagascar and the extinct
426:
3379:(Chiroptera, Emballonuridae) from the dry regions of Madagascar
3154:
3138:
2852:
Garbutt, 2007, pp. 77–80; subsequent revisions cited below
3388:
Goodman, S.M., Cardiff, S.G. and Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. 2008a.
2972:
Garbutt, 2007, pp. 73–77; Bates et al., 2006, p. 299
2639:
Gunnell, G. F.; Simmons, N. B.; Seiffert, E. R. (2014-02-04).
16:
3818:
Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A., Goodman, S. and Jacobs, D. 2008b.
2735:
Mickleburgh et al., 2008; Goodman et al., 2010c, pp. 1–2
2316:
Specimens identified as this species were previously called
407:
Range in forearm length of adult members of the species, in
39:
rodents. Forty-six bat species have so far been recorded on
3667:
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
3344:
Ranivo, J. and Goodman S.M. 2006. Révision taxinomique des
2909:
Juste, 2008; Goodman et al., 2009, p. 5, table 3
3462:
Goodman, S.M., Rakotondraparany, F. and Kofoky, A. 2007.
2611:
Walker, 1994, pp. 101–102; Garbutt, 2007, p. 68
3796:(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from western Madagascar.
3674:
Morphological, bioacoustical, and genetic variation in
3547:
Goodman, S.M. and Cardiff, S.G. 2004. A new species of
2566:
Walker, 1994, pp. 87–88; Garbutt, 2007, p. 64
2413:
Nowak, 1994, pp. 48–49; Garbutt, 2007, p. 59
2079:
was introduced for the Madagascan populations in 2009.
3863:
Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M. and Racey, P.A. 2008a.
2990:
Bates et al., 2006, p. 320; Hutson et al., 2008b
3118:
A review of the bat fauna of the Comoro Archipelago
2101:Sometimes included in the mainland African species
1950:Sometimes included in the mainland African species
1935:Sometimes included in the mainland African species
3348:malgaches (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae).
831:Ankarana, N Madagascar; Sub-Saharan Africa; Yemen
19:are one of the major components of the indigenous
3468:(Myzopodidae: Chiroptera) from western Madagascar
3296:The geographical origin of the type specimens of
2744:Goodman et al., 2010c, pp. 1–2, table 2
2900:Goodman et al., 2010a, fig. 1, table 1
2320:, and they have also been included in the genus
1976:
1974:
1587:, four species (three endemic) of the house bat
3696:Jenkins, R.K.B. and Rakotoarivelo, A.R. 2008b.
3687:Jenkins, R.K.B. and Rakotoarivelo, A.R. 2008a.
2873:Goodman et al., 2009, fig. 1, table 3
2869:
2867:
2699:Garbutt, 2007, p. 72; Goodman et al., 2007
3446:Hutson, T., Racey, P.A. and Ravino, J. 2008a.
1964:
1962:
1269:Madagascar; Sub-Saharan Africa north to Kenya
857:c. 37 to 40 mm (1.5 to 1.6 in)
2882:Goodman et al., 2011, p. 1, table 5
2861:Goodman et al., 2009, p. 6, table 3
2843:Miller-Butterworth et al., 2007, p. 1553
1197:Madagascar; Sub-Saharan Africa; Saudi Arabia
8:
3593:Geographic and phylogeographic variation in
3153:Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). 2005.
2337:Previously included in the European species
2174:Previously included in the mainland African
2116:Previously included in the mainland African
2000:
1998:
157:(2 endemic species, one of which is extinct)
3266:(Hipposideridae) (subscription required)".
69:—bats have colonized Madagascar from Asia.
1625:
1294:
1145:W Madagascar; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mayotte
1068:
985:
922:
794:
590:
443:
3335:
3324:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2676:
2666:
506:155 to 175 mm (6.1 to 6.9 in)
480:115 to 130 mm (4.5 to 5.1 in)
425:Conservation status of the species, per
365:
2368:
1928:
1643:
1312:
1086:
1003:
940:
812:
608:
552:, they have often been united with the
461:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
1899:44 to 47 mm (1.7 to 1.9 in)
1876:62 to 65 mm (2.4 to 2.6 in)
1853:41 to 45 mm (1.6 to 1.8 in)
1803:28 to 31 mm (1.1 to 1.2 in)
1780:29 to 31 mm (1.1 to 1.2 in)
1754:34 to 38 mm (1.3 to 1.5 in)
1731:31 to 33 mm (1.2 to 1.3 in)
1708:30 to 32 mm (1.2 to 1.3 in)
1685:32 to 41 mm (1.3 to 1.6 in)
1662:28 to 31 mm (1.1 to 1.2 in)
1561:42 to 45 mm (1.7 to 1.8 in)
1538:38 to 43 mm (1.5 to 1.7 in)
1515:38 to 39 mm (1.5 to 1.5 in)
1492:43 to 47 mm (1.7 to 1.9 in)
1469:35 to 40 mm (1.4 to 1.6 in)
1446:35 to 38 mm (1.4 to 1.5 in)
1423:48 to 50 mm (1.9 to 2.0 in)
1400:47 to 50 mm (1.9 to 2.0 in)
1377:37 to 40 mm (1.5 to 1.6 in)
1354:35 to 38 mm (1.4 to 1.5 in)
1331:35 to 41 mm (1.4 to 1.6 in)
1272:57 to 60 mm (2.2 to 2.4 in)
1246:59 to 65 mm (2.3 to 2.6 in)
1223:37 to 40 mm (1.5 to 1.6 in)
1200:62 to 63 mm (2.4 to 2.5 in)
1174:42 to 45 mm (1.7 to 1.8 in)
1148:33 to 38 mm (1.3 to 1.5 in)
1125:45 to 48 mm (1.8 to 1.9 in)
1105:37 to 42 mm (1.5 to 1.7 in)
1049:45 to 49 mm (1.8 to 1.9 in)
1026:46 to 49 mm (1.8 to 1.9 in)
903:58 to 64 mm (2.3 to 2.5 in)
880:35 to 41 mm (1.4 to 1.6 in)
834:45 to 55 mm (1.8 to 2.2 in)
772:46 to 56 mm (1.8 to 2.2 in)
722:42 to 49 mm (1.7 to 1.9 in)
696:44 to 51 mm (1.7 to 2.0 in)
673:80 to 81 mm (3.1 to 3.2 in)
650:83 to 97 mm (3.3 to 3.8 in)
532:65 to 75 mm (2.6 to 3.0 in)
2404:Wilson and Reeder, 2005, p. xxix
1830:51 to 52 mm (about 2.0 in)
1328:N and W Madagascar; Anjouan, Comoros
1288:This family contains a single genus,
959:50 to 52 mm (about 2.0 in)
7:
3464:The description of a new species of
2981:Bates et al., 2006, pp. 299–300
3294:Goodman, S.M. and Ranivo, J. 2009.
2067:. This name is, however, in fact a
1558:Central Highlands, Madagascar only
1512:Central Highlands, Madagascar only
310:(8 endemic, 4 non-endemic species)
292:(9 endemic, 2 non-endemic species)
238:(5 endemic, 3 non-endemic species)
166:(2 endemic, 2 non-endemic species)
3768:A description of a new species of
2918:Goodman et al., 2010b, p. 132
2280:and/or considered a subspecies of
1827:Sarodrano, SW Madagascar; Réunion
1577:With 407 species (2005; including
355:(3 endemic, 1 non-endemic species)
346:(1 endemic, 1 non-endemic species)
301:(9 endemic, 2 non-endemic species)
256:(1 endemic, 1 non-endemic species)
247:(2 endemic, 1 non-endemic species)
14:
2539:Samonds, 2007, pp. 46ff., 62
2512:Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34
2476:Samonds, 2007, pp. 49ff., 62
1777:W Madagascar; Sub-Saharan Africa
3280:10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.1.001
3248:Taxonomic revision of the genus
2834:Simmons, 2005, pp. 519–522
2620:Simmons, 2005, pp. 392–393
2384:Bates et al., 2006, p. 321
2198:Previously placed in the genus
2004:Previously placed in the genus
1980:Previously placed in the genus
1659:SW Madagascar; southern Africa
3246:Benda, P. and Vallo, P. 2009.
529:Madagascar only; absent in SW
1:
2726:Garbutt, 2007, pp. 80–84
1917:List of mammals of Madagascar
742:Anjohibe, NW Madagascar only
624:Anjohibe, NW Madagascar only
21:mammalian fauna of Madagascar
3903:Lists of biota of Madagascar
3398:Systematics and Biodiversity
2668:10.1371/journal.pone.0086712
1443:N and W Madagascar; Comoros
769:N, W, and S Madagascar only
662:Macronycteris cryptovalorona
584:; the latter was split from
3888:Lists of mammals by country
2807:Andriafidison et al., 2008k
130:(1 extinct endemic species)
3919:
3197:Rousettus madagascariensis
2449:Simmons, 2005, p. 348
2422:Simmons, 2005, p. 321
2075:; therefore, the new name
1705:Isalo, SC Madagascar only
1397:Madagascar only, except S
1119:2004, Goodman and Cardiff
518:Rousettus madagascariensis
3811:(subscription required).
3665:(subscription required).
3649:American Museum Novitates
3599:(subscription required).
3566:(subscription required).
3470:(subscription required).
3449:Nycteris madagascariensis
3396:(subscription required).
3383:American Museum Novitates
3306:(subscription required).
3120:(subscription required).
2963:Garbutt, 2007, p. 73
2762:Mickleburgh et al., 2008b
2375:Garbutt, 2007, p. 59
1725:1905, Thomas and Schwann
1458:Miniopterus mahafaliensis
948:Nycteris madagascariensis
851:1836, Eydoux and Gervais
719:W and SW Madagascar only
693:N and NW Madagascar only
3514:Otomops madagascariensis
2016:, but now classified in
1800:W and E Madagascar only
1697:Neoromicia malagasyensis
1351:N and W Madagascar only
1343:Miniopterus brachytragos
1235:Otomops madagascariensis
877:N and W Madagascar only
639:Macronycteris commersoni
563:Macronycteris commersoni
73:Taxonomic classification
3866:Pipistrellus hesperidus
3724:Eptesicus malagasyensis
3213:Hipposideros commersoni
2272:Previously included in
2261:Eptesicus malagasyensis
2250:) from mainland Africa.
2234:Eptesicus malagasyensis
2228:Previously included in
1766:Pipistrellus hesperidus
1573:Family Vespertilionidae
319:(1 non-endemic species)
283:(1 non-endemic species)
193:(1 non-endemic species)
175:(1 non-endemic species)
59:, and the species pair
3857:Scotophilus tandrefana
3830:Pipistrellus anchietae
3751:Scotophilus borbonicus
3708:Miniopterus sororculus
3595:Chaerephon leucogaster
3258:58 (Monograph 1):1–45.
2217:Pipistrellus anchietae
2204:Pipistrellus anchietae
1888:Scotophilus tandrefana
1702:1995, Peterson et al.
1550:Miniopterus sororculus
1412:Miniopterus griffithsi
1394:1995, Peterson et al.
1137:Chaerephon leucogaster
3893:Mammals of Madagascar
3798:Acta Chiropterologica
3776:Acta Chiropterologica
3699:Miniopterus petersoni
3601:Acta Chiropterologica
3553:Acta Chiropterologica
3505:Mormopterus jugularis
3406:Taphozous mauritianus
3361:Acta Chiropterologica
3316:"How many species of
3268:Acta Chiropterologica
3122:Acta Chiropterologica
2356:by a single specimen.
2292:Pipistrellus capensis
1968:Not in IUCN Red List.
1893:2005, Goodman et al.
1847:2006, Goodman et al.
1748:2012, Goodman et al.
1555:2007, Goodman et al.
1532:2008, Goodman et al.
1527:Miniopterus petersoni
1463:2009, Goodman et al.
1435:Miniopterus griveaudi
1417:2009, Goodman et al.
1371:2011, Goodman et al.
1348:2009, Goodman et al.
1325:2009, Goodman et al.
1212:Mormopterus jugularis
1099:2010, Goodman et al.
1094:Chaerephon atsinanana
1043:2007, Goodman et al.
892:Taphozous mauritianus
874:2006, Goodman et al.
784:Family Emballonuridae
708:Paratriaenops furcula
685:Paratriaenops auritus
667:2016, Goodman et al.
544:Family Hipposideridae
45:Mammals of Madagascar
3848:Scotophilus marovaza
3760:Scotophilus robustus
3562:Chaerephon 'pumilus'
3523:Tadarida leucostigma
3489:Myzopoda schliemanni
3355:Samonds, K.E. 2007.
2503:Goodman et al., 2016
2318:Neoromicia melckorum
2243:Neoromicia somalicus
2236:and/or considered a
2177:Otomops martiensseni
2150:Tadarida leucostigma
1870:1881, Milne-Edwards
1865:Scotophilus robustus
1842:Scotophilus marovaza
1641:Conservation status
1310:Conservation status
1284:Family Miniopteridae
1142:1870, A. Grandidier
1084:Conservation status
1038:Myzopoda schliemanni
1001:Conservation status
953:1937, G. Grandidier
938:Conservation status
810:Conservation status
690:1912, G. Grandidier
616:Hipposideros besaoka
606:Conservation status
569:Hipposideros besaoka
459:Conservation status
220:(2 endemic species)
202:(1 endemic species)
121:(6 endemic species)
85:(3 endemic species)
3839:Pipistrellus raceyi
3532:Chaerephon jobimena
3424:Emballonura tiavato
2659:2014PLoSO...986712G
2340:Pipistrellus kuhlii
2283:Neoromicia capensis
2248:Eptesicus somalicus
1797:2006, Bates et al.
1792:Pipistrellus raceyi
1743:Neoromicia robertsi
1535:SE Madagascar only
1320:Miniopterus aelleni
1114:Chaerephon jobimena
869:Emballonura tiavato
436:Family Pteropodidae
421:Conservation status
337:(3 endemic species)
328:(1 endemic species)
274:(1 endemic species)
265:(1 endemic species)
229:(2 endemic species)
211:(1 endemic species)
184:(2 endemic species)
148:(2 endemic species)
139:(2 endemic species)
112:(1 endemic species)
103:(1 endemic species)
94:(1 endemic species)
50:Pipistrellus raceyi
3821:Pipistrellus nanus
3690:Miniopterus majori
3625:Miniopterus manavi
3541:Tadarida fulminans
3415:Emballonura atrata
3231:Triaenops furculus
2485:Foley et al., 2017
2288:Eptesicus capensis
2119:Chaerephon pumilus
2060:Triaenops persicus
2046:Triaenops furculus
2014:Triaenops furculus
1896:W Madagascar only
1850:W Madagascar only
1824:1803, E. Geoffroy
1751:E Madagascar only
1728:E Madagascar only
1720:Neoromicia matroka
1504:Miniopterus manavi
1481:Miniopterus majori
1466:S Madagascar only
1420:S Madagascar only
1374:E Madagascar only
1258:Tadarida fulminans
1046:W Madagascar only
1023:E Madagascar only
971:Family Myzopodidae
956:N Madagascar only
897:1818, E. Geoffroy
854:E Madagascar only
846:Emballonura atrata
757:Triaenops menamena
734:Triaenops goodmani
644:1813, E. Geoffroy
62:Emballonura atrata
3733:Eptesicus matroka
3658:Miniopterus gleni
3647:) on Madagascar.
3637:Mammalian Biology
3616:Miniopterus gleni
3472:Mammalian Biology
3375:A new species of
3337:10.1111/zoj.12368
3222:Triaenops auritus
3179:Eidolon dupreanum
3165:978-0-8018-8221-0
3149:978-0-8018-8221-0
3133:978-0-8018-4986-2
3112:978-0-7136-7043-1
2305:Eptesicus matroka
2104:Nycteris macrotis
2033:Triaenops auritus
2010:Triaenops auritus
1990:H. cryptovalorona
1953:Rousettus lanosus
1908:
1907:
1651:Hypsugo anchietae
1570:
1569:
1389:Miniopterus gleni
1366:Miniopterus egeri
1281:
1280:
1061:Family Molossidae
1058:
1057:
968:
967:
915:Family Nycteridae
912:
911:
781:
780:
541:
540:
469:Eidolon dupreanum
433:
432:
23:, in addition to
3910:
3716:Vespertilionidae
3390:First record of
3341:
3339:
3291:
3096:Literature cited
3090:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2862:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2670:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2385:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2314:
2308:
2301:
2295:
2270:
2264:
2257:
2251:
2226:
2220:
2213:
2207:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2133:
2127:
2114:
2108:
2099:
2093:
2086:
2080:
2073:T. persicus
2055:
2049:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2002:
1993:
1978:
1969:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1933:
1873:Madagascar only
1682:Madagascar only
1629:Scientific name
1626:
1620:Neoromicia nanus
1489:Madagascar only
1298:Scientific name
1295:
1243:Madagascar only
1220:Madagascar only
1171:Madagascar only
1160:Mops leucostigma
1122:Madagascar only
1072:Scientific name
1069:
989:Scientific name
986:
926:Scientific name
923:
798:Scientific name
795:
670:Madagascar only
653:Near threatened
647:Madagascar only
594:Scientific name
591:
535:Near threatened
503:Madagascar only
477:Madagascar only
447:Scientific name
444:
366:
308:Vespertilionidae
35:carnivores, and
3918:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3898:Bats by country
3873:
3872:
3718:
3610:
3585:Tadarida pumila
3499:
3480:Myzopoda aurita
3459:
3443:
3370:
3313:
3298:Triaenops rufus
3261:
3256:Folia Zoologica
3240:Triaenops rufus
3207:
3173:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2351:
2347:
2336:
2332:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2298:
2271:
2267:
2258:
2254:
2227:
2223:
2214:
2210:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2173:
2169:
2160:
2156:
2147:
2143:
2137:Tadarida pumila
2134:
2130:
2124:Tadarida pumila
2115:
2111:
2100:
2096:
2090:Triaenops rufus
2087:
2083:
2065:Triaenops rufus
2056:
2052:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2026:
2003:
1996:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1960:
1949:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1913:
1902:Data deficient
1833:Data deficient
1679:1834, A. Smith
1575:
1541:Data deficient
1449:Data deficient
1440:1959, Harrison
1286:
1063:
1020:and Grandidier
1011:Myzopoda aurita
973:
962:Data deficient
917:
786:
546:
438:
377:of the species
375:Scientific name
370:Scientific name
364:
75:
12:
11:
5:
3916:
3914:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3883:Bats of Africa
3875:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3861:
3852:
3843:
3834:
3825:
3816:
3801:
3790:
3789:27(4):867–882.
3779:
3764:
3755:
3746:
3742:Myotis goudoti
3737:
3728:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3703:
3694:
3685:
3670:
3652:
3640:
3629:
3620:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3589:
3580:
3576:Tadarida midas
3571:
3556:
3545:
3536:
3527:
3518:
3509:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3484:
3475:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3428:
3419:
3410:
3401:
3386:
3369:
3368:Emballonuridae
3366:
3365:
3364:
3353:
3352:28(4):963–985.
3342:
3330:(2): 428–449.
3311:
3292:
3259:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3206:
3205:Hipposideridae
3203:
3202:
3201:
3192:
3188:Pteropus rufus
3183:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3151:
3135:
3125:
3124:12(1):117–141.
3114:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2386:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2345:
2330:
2309:
2296:
2265:
2252:
2221:
2208:
2191:
2182:
2167:
2163:Tadarida midas
2154:
2141:
2128:
2109:
2094:
2081:
2050:
2037:
2024:
1994:
1970:
1958:
1943:
1938:Eidolon helvum
1927:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:Least concern
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:Least concern
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:Least concern
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:Least concern
1781:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:Not evaluated
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:Least concern
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:Least concern
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:Myotis goudoti
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:Least concern
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:Least concern
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:Least concern
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:Least concern
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:Not evaluated
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:Not evaluated
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:Least concern
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:Not evaluated
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:Not evaluated
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:Not evaluated
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:Least concern
1273:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:Least concern
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:Least concern
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:Least concern
1201:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:Least concern
1175:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:Not evaluated
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:Least concern
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:Least concern
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:Least concern
1027:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
972:
969:
966:
965:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
943:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
916:
913:
910:
909:
907:
906:Least concern
904:
901:
898:
895:
887:
886:
884:
883:Least concern
881:
878:
875:
872:
864:
863:
861:
860:Least concern
858:
855:
852:
849:
841:
840:
838:
837:Least concern
835:
832:
829:
823:
815:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
785:
782:
779:
778:
776:
775:Least concern
773:
770:
767:
760:
752:
751:
749:
746:
743:
740:
739:2007, Samonds
737:
729:
728:
726:
725:Least concern
723:
720:
717:
711:
703:
702:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
680:
679:
677:
676:Not evaluated
674:
671:
668:
665:
657:
656:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
634:
633:
631:
628:
625:
622:
621:2007, Samonds
619:
611:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
554:horseshoe bats
545:
542:
539:
538:
536:
533:
530:
527:
521:
513:
512:
510:
507:
504:
501:
495:
492:Pteropus rufus
487:
486:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
437:
434:
431:
430:
423:
417:
416:
405:
399:
398:
395:
389:
388:
385:
379:
378:
372:
363:
360:
359:
358:
357:
356:
347:
338:
329:
320:
304:
303:
302:
286:
285:
284:
275:
266:
257:
248:
232:
231:
230:
214:
213:
212:
196:
195:
194:
185:
176:
164:Emballonuridae
160:
159:
158:
149:
140:
131:
119:Hipposideridae
115:
114:
113:
104:
95:
74:
71:
56:Pteropus rufus
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3915:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3778:8(2):299–324.
3777:
3773:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3662:M. griffithsi
3659:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3608:Miniopteridae
3607:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3557:
3555:6(2):227–248.
3554:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3400:6(2):283–292.
3399:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3086:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2653:(2): e86712.
2652:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2019:Paratriaenops
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:H. commersoni
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1929:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1656:1900, Seabra
1655:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1635:Distribution
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1509:1906, Thomas
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1486:1906, Thomas
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1304:Distribution
1303:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:1865, Peters
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1102:E Madagascar
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1078:Distribution
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:Milne-Edwards
1015:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1000:
997:
995:Distribution
994:
991:
988:
987:
984:
982:
978:
970:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
950:
949:
945:
944:
937:
934:
932:Distribution
931:
928:
925:
924:
921:
914:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
894:
893:
889:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
871:
870:
866:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
848:
847:
843:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
828:
824:
822:
821:
817:
816:
809:
806:
804:Distribution
803:
800:
797:
796:
793:
791:
783:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
761:
759:
758:
754:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
736:
735:
731:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
716:
712:
710:
709:
705:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
687:
686:
682:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
664:
663:
659:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
641:
640:
636:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
618:
617:
613:
612:
605:
602:
600:Distribution
599:
596:
593:
592:
589:
587:
583:
582:
581:Paratriaenops
577:
576:
571:
570:
565:
564:
559:
555:
551:
543:
537:
534:
531:
528:
526:
525:G. Grandidier
522:
520:
519:
515:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
500:
496:
494:
493:
489:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
474:1866, Pollen
473:
471:
470:
466:
465:
458:
455:
453:Distribution
452:
449:
446:
445:
442:
435:
428:
424:
422:
419:
418:
414:
410:
406:
404:
401:
400:
396:
394:
391:
390:
386:
384:
381:
380:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
361:
354:
353:
348:
345:
344:
339:
336:
335:
330:
327:
326:
321:
318:
317:
312:
311:
309:
305:
300:
299:
294:
293:
291:
290:Miniopteridae
287:
282:
281:
276:
273:
272:
267:
264:
263:
258:
255:
254:
249:
246:
245:
240:
239:
237:
233:
228:
227:
222:
221:
219:
215:
210:
209:
204:
203:
201:
197:
192:
191:
186:
183:
182:
177:
174:
173:
168:
167:
165:
161:
156:
155:
150:
147:
146:
145:Paratriaenops
141:
138:
137:
136:Macronycteris
132:
129:
128:
123:
122:
120:
116:
111:
110:
105:
102:
101:
96:
93:
92:
87:
86:
84:
80:
79:
78:
72:
70:
68:
67:
63:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
3865:
3856:
3847:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3812:
3806:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3770:Pipistrellus
3769:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3732:
3723:
3707:
3698:
3689:
3681:
3675:
3669:48(1):75–86.
3666:
3661:
3657:
3648:
3644:
3636:
3632:
3624:
3615:
3603:11(1):25–52.
3600:
3594:
3584:
3575:
3567:
3561:
3552:
3548:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3504:
3488:
3479:
3474:72(2):65–81.
3471:
3465:
3448:
3433:Coleura afra
3432:
3423:
3414:
3405:
3397:
3391:
3382:
3376:
3360:
3349:
3345:
3327:
3323:
3318:Hipposideros
3317:
3307:
3301:
3297:
3271:
3267:
3264:Hipposideros
3263:
3255:
3249:
3239:
3230:
3221:
3212:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3171:Pteropodidae
3155:
3139:
3121:
3085:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2857:
2848:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2776:
2767:
2758:
2749:
2740:
2731:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2650:
2644:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2380:
2371:
2348:
2338:
2333:
2326:Pipistrellus
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:Pipistrellus
2277:
2273:
2268:
2260:
2255:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2211:
2203:
2200:Pipistrellus
2199:
2194:
2185:
2175:
2170:
2162:
2157:
2149:
2144:
2136:
2135:Included in
2131:
2123:
2117:
2112:
2102:
2097:
2089:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2058:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1989:
1985:
1982:Hipposideros
1981:
1951:
1946:
1936:
1931:
1886:
1863:
1840:
1818:
1814:
1790:
1764:
1741:
1718:
1695:
1672:
1649:
1618:
1614:Pipistrellus
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1548:
1525:
1502:
1479:
1456:
1433:
1410:
1387:
1364:
1341:
1318:
1289:
1287:
1256:
1240:1953, Dorst
1233:
1210:
1184:
1158:
1135:
1112:
1092:
1064:
1036:
1009:
974:
946:
918:
890:
867:
844:
820:Coleura afra
818:
787:
755:
732:
706:
683:
660:
637:
614:
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
557:
547:
516:
490:
467:
439:
420:
402:
393:Distribution
392:
382:
369:
350:
343:Pipistrellus
341:
332:
323:
314:
296:
278:
269:
260:
251:
242:
224:
206:
188:
179:
170:
152:
143:
134:
127:Hipposideros
125:
107:
98:
89:
83:Pteropodidae
76:
60:
54:
48:
44:
15:
3800:8(1):21–37.
3794:Scotophilus
3783:Scotophilus
3676:Miniopterus
3645:Miniopterus
3639:73:199–213.
3633:Miniopterus
3457:Myzopodidae
3377:Emballonura
3363:9(1):39–65.
3302:T. humbloti
3274:(1): 1–18.
1815:Scotophilus
1711:Endangered
1644:References
1632:Classified
1590:Scotophilus
1579:Miniopterus
1313:References
1301:Classified
1290:Miniopterus
1087:References
1075:Classified
1004:References
992:Classified
981:Pleistocene
941:References
929:Classified
813:References
801:Classified
790:uropatagium
766:and Ranivo
699:Vulnerable
609:References
597:Classified
558:Rhinolophus
509:Vulnerable
499:E. Geoffroy
483:Vulnerable
462:References
450:Classified
352:Scotophilus
298:Miniopterus
262:Mormopterus
218:Myzopodidae
181:Emballonura
3877:Categories
3815:3250:1–25.
3807:Neoromicia
3805:The genus
3787:Zoosystema
3684:2880:1–19.
3651:3669:1–34.
3570:2551:1–36.
3549:Chaerephon
3497:Molossidae
3441:Nycteridae
3385:3538:1–24.
3350:Zoosystema
2364:References
2238:subspecies
1819:borbonicus
1608:Neoromicia
1186:Mops midas
1167:G.M. Allen
715:Trouessart
383:Classified
334:Neoromicia
244:Chaerephon
236:Molossidae
200:Nycteridae
66:E. tiavato
41:Madagascar
3346:Triaenops
3310:73:47–55.
3250:Triaenops
2322:Eptesicus
2274:Eptesicus
2230:Eptesicus
2006:Triaenops
1602:Eptesicus
1193:Sundevall
586:Triaenops
575:Triaenops
190:Taphozous
154:Triaenops
109:Rousettus
37:nesomyine
3466:Myzopoda
3308:Mammalia
3288:89997441
2687:24504061
2646:PLoS ONE
2077:menamena
1911:See also
1773:Temminck
1638:Forearm
1307:Forearm
1081:Forearm
998:Forearm
935:Forearm
807:Forearm
748:Extinct
630:Extinct
603:Forearm
550:noseleaf
456:Forearm
280:Tadarida
226:Myzopoda
208:Nycteris
100:Pteropus
33:euplerid
3813:Zootaxa
3682:Zootaxa
3568:Zootaxa
3392:Coleura
3101:General
2678:3913578
2655:Bibcode
2354:Réunion
2069:synonym
1596:Hypsugo
979:to the
764:Goodman
413:English
403:Forearm
316:Hypsugo
306:Family
288:Family
271:Otomops
234:Family
216:Family
198:Family
172:Coleura
162:Family
117:Family
91:Eidolon
81:Family
25:tenrecs
3286:
3163:
3147:
3131:
3110:
2685:
2675:
1771:1840,
1611:, and
1584:Myotis
1265:Thomas
1263:1903,
1191:1843,
1165:1918,
1016:1878,
977:Eocene
827:Peters
825:1852,
762:2009,
713:1906,
523:1928,
497:1803,
415:units
409:metric
349:Genus
340:Genus
331:Genus
325:Myotis
322:Genus
313:Genus
295:Genus
277:Genus
268:Genus
259:Genus
250:Genus
241:Genus
223:Genus
205:Genus
187:Genus
178:Genus
169:Genus
151:Genus
142:Genus
133:Genus
124:Genus
106:Genus
97:Genus
88:Genus
29:lemurs
3284:S2CID
2232:, as
1923:Notes
3300:and
3161:ISBN
3145:ISBN
3129:ISBN
3108:ISBN
2683:PMID
2122:(or
2012:and
1988:and
1817:cf.
578:and
427:IUCN
411:and
253:Mops
17:Bats
3332:doi
3328:177
3276:doi
2673:PMC
2663:doi
2324:or
2303:As
2276:or
2259:As
2240:of
2215:As
2202:as
2161:As
2148:As
2088:As
2071:of
2044:As
2031:As
2008:as
1984:as
362:Key
3879::
3774:.
3680:.
3381:.
3359:.
3326:.
3322:.
3282:.
3272:19
3270:.
3254:.
2866:^
2681:.
2671:.
2661:.
2649:.
2643:.
2389:^
2294:).
2290:;
2286:(=
2246:(=
2126:).
1997:^
1973:^
1961:^
1605:,
1599:,
745:–
627:–
53:,
31:,
27:,
3340:.
3334::
3290:.
3278::
2689:.
2665::
2657::
2651:9
2343:.
2328:.
2307:.
2263:.
2219:.
2206:.
2180:.
2165:.
2152:.
2139:.
2107:.
2092:.
2048:.
2035:.
2022:.
1992:.
1956:.
1941:.
556:(
64:–
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