1651:
2489:
1375:
1520:
2389:
2114:
1204:
477:
729:
56:
1092:
2249:
603:
3828:
929:
357:
in
Chinese conventions, the Yuan was officially proclaimed on 18 December 1271. As the dynasty was seen as a continuation of the Mongol Empire, contemporary writers retroactively described Genghis as having founded the Yuan in 1206; the post-1271 emperors styled themselves as Mongol
230:
were generally peaceful, weaknesses in the Yuan administration became apparent and led to a gradual breakdown of political stability. By the mid-14th century, the Yuan state became impossible to govern, and in 1368 the last emperor,
395:, which had preceded the Yuan. Although his reign was generally long and prosperous, weaknesses in the Yuan's economy, society, and administration became apparent after the death of his successor
1513:
His reign was prosperous yet conservative, implementing policies intended to ensure stability, but he failed to resolve increasing ineffiency in the Yuan administration. Died of natural causes.
2025:
Acceded through assassination but achieved stability by purging those who had brought him to power; restored religious impartiality in the administration. Died of natural causes.
200:
thus comprise both Kublai's successors as rulers of China and his predecessors up to his grandfather
Genghis, who was retrospectively presented as the founder of the dynasty.
2803:
3860:
2838:
2819:
4068:
2801:
4112:
2805:
711:
307:
303:
273:
2885:
The year of
Genghis Khan's birth is not certain; while 1162 is most likely, 1155 and 1167 have also been proposed. For a fuller discussion, see
4063:
3952:
2800:
4383:
4048:
3832:
3809:
3777:
3745:
3709:
3655:
3615:
3590:
3560:
3524:
3491:
3468:
372:, or emperor. In Chinese historical texts, emperors of the Yuan dynasty, along with the Tang and Song dynasties, are referred to by their
4041:
3918:
1357:
1190:
388:
4403:
4388:
819:
715:
314:. However, different branches of Genghis Khan's line became dominant in differing areas. As a result, by 1265, the once-united empire
3853:
1644:
Disregarded established systems, rapidly expanded the bureaucracy, and caused immense fiscal difficulties. Died of natural causes.
823:
311:
922:
was noted for its political intrigues and her excessive taxation demands, but after it ended she quickly lost influence and died.
4398:
4258:
4121:
2092:
1949:
2812:
3983:
4223:
4008:
3964:
3913:
2799:
589:
291:
3988:
4304:
4291:
4162:
3886:
3792:
3760:
2798:
1793:, and codifed laws, but failed to restore fiscal order and was undermined by factional struggles. Died of natural causes.
315:
295:
193:
4167:
3937:
3846:
2806:
252:
169:
2817:
2802:
1085:
as khan. After a coup attempt led by her sons failed, she was judged complicit and guilty of witchcraft, and executed.
4187:
3947:
3878:
3727:
3542:
3506:
2833:
2811:
256:
2810:
2809:
2816:
2813:
203:
The rulers of the Yuan dynasty were nominally superior to those of the other three post-Mongol states, but each was
4073:
3903:
3737:
3607:
3570:
3552:
3516:
3483:
2872:
An alternative view, favoured by some later
Chinese historians, places its foundation in 1279 with the fall of the
2807:
2395:
2120:
1650:
207:
independent of the others and occupied with their own territories. Kublai founded the Yuan dynasty to appease his
4083:
3942:
3582:
2815:
2808:
2804:
827:
4102:
4078:
3908:
3801:
3797:
3769:
3765:
3665:
3647:
3643:
2843:
2828:
1911:
1657:
299:
4393:
4309:
4177:
3998:
3993:
3959:
2104:
1933:
and instituted monetary reforms after the latter's death, but was killed in a coup by
Temuder's supporters.
4277:
4182:
3969:
1519:
1374:
1022:
Reversed his mother's economic policies and removed her associates from power; quarrelled with his cousin
4088:
4013:
4003:
2848:
2767:
2755:
2598:
2488:
2260:
404:
3896:
3368:
3366:
2388:
2113:
928:
4145:
4132:
1790:
835:
1203:
55:
4340:
3923:
3345:
3343:
2479:
476:
728:
4284:
4053:
3787:
3755:
3621:
3454:
1928:
342:
3701:
1011:
886:
399:
in 1307, culminating in two decades of near-anarchy between 1320 and 1340. Although the emperor
3805:
3773:
3741:
3705:
3681:
3651:
3633:
3611:
3586:
3556:
3520:
3487:
3464:
1182:
2814:
4270:
4251:
3891:
3698:
Chronicle of the
Chinese Emperors: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China
1361:
416:
381:
368:
323:
216:
2463:
2367:
2227:
1778:
1526:
1066:
987:
919:
563:
4346:
4244:
4209:
4172:
4020:
3974:
3928:
3723:
3538:
3502:
2547:
1923:
1091:
377:
2907:
2676:
400:
232:
116:
4230:
4216:
4058:
3719:
3574:
2783:
2239:
1150:
1082:
1007:
911:
787:
236:
4377:
4362:
4330:
2873:
2779:
2775:
2041:
1381:
1041:
585:
420:
408:
396:
392:
281:
240:
227:
185:
177:
3625:
3601:
4237:
3869:
3733:
The
Cambridge History of China, Volume 6: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368
3548:
The
Cambridge History of China, Volume 6: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368
3534:
3512:
The
Cambridge History of China, Volume 6: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368
2911:
2886:
1353:
807:
693:
593:
483:
412:
359:
319:
277:
262:
220:
189:
181:
165:
100:
75:
71:
3670:
2248:
1077:
An ineffective regent, she was outflanked by her political enemies who proclaimed
3731:
3637:
3546:
3510:
4203:
3693:
2475:
2379:
2014:
1804:
1633:
1502:
1226:
1210:
1186:
373:
363:
338:
331:
212:
208:
173:
105:
60:
2474:
A patron of the arts and scholarship, his reign was dominated by the ministers
330:
in the Near East, and a regime in China which was ruled by
Genghis's grandson
235:, was forced to flee China. His descendants continued to rule a rump state in
3685:
4352:
4138:
4093:
3677:
2771:
1365:
1023:
831:
327:
148:
144:
415:
in 1368. Members of the Yuan dynasty continued to rule a rump state in the
3827:
4335:
4127:
211:
subjects and began to continue their imperial traditions, such as taking
403:
then managed to set up a stable government, an economic crisis led to a
4357:
4325:
602:
581:
559:
443:
3838:
3458:
1026:
and may have intended to campaign against him. Died of ill health.
1341:
1170:
1078:
719:
668:
219:. He and his successors nevertheless retained the Mongol title of
4299:
4264:
3842:
2797:
341:-majority population, Kublai declared the foundation of a new
2766:
Restored stable government, but an economic crisis led to a
1789:
Reversed most of his brother's policies, reintroduced the
718:, and was a candidate to succeed his father as khan. Died
366:(221–206 BC), of the ruling head of state being known as
3537:(1994). "Shun-ti and the end of Yüan rule in China". In
3482:. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. Cambridge:
352:
285:
411:, having forced Toghon Temür to flee, established the
2898:
Some uncertainty surrounds his birth and death dates.
346:
1189:
to campaign in the Middle East, and himself led the
4318:
4196:
4155:
4111:
4029:
3877:
3501:Ch'i-Ch'ing, Hsiao (1994). "Mid-Yüan politics". In
3376:
3353:
3330:
3314:
3298:
3278:
3258:
3238:
154:
140:
132:
122:
112:
96:
91:
87:
49:
23:
3669:
1181:Purged those who had opposed his accession in the
830:, refined the imperial administration, and built
16:Rulers of the Mongol Empire and China (1206–1368)
362:. They continued the tradition, dating from the
226:Although the reigns of Kublai and his successor
2691:(35 years, 2 months and 22 days)
2427:(2 years, 11 months and 25 days)
1964:(4 years, 10 months and 11 days)
1728:(8 years, 10 months and 23 days)
802:(12 years, 2 months and 28 days)
3460:Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
2036:None, known either by his personal or era name
1944:None, known either by his personal or era name
1922:Attempted to reduce the power of the minister
1875:(3 years, 4 months and 16 days)
334:and which was nominally superior to the rest.
184:. It also functioned as a continuation of the
3854:
2839:List of empresses consort of the Yuan dynasty
2738:
2724:
2710:
2681:
2661:
2647:
2621:
2581:
2552:
2532:
2518:
2446:
2417:
2400:
2350:
2321:
2305:
2291:
2265:
2210:
2181:
2165:
2151:
2125:
2075:
2046:
1997:
1983:
1954:
1894:
1865:
1849:
1835:
1809:
1761:
1747:
1718:
1702:
1688:
1662:
1616:
1597:(3 years, 7 months and 6 days)
1587:
1571:
1557:
1531:
1485:
1471:
1442:
1426:
1412:
1386:
1324:
1310:
1281:
1265:
1251:
1215:
1165:(8 years, 1 month and 10 days)
1155:
1135:
1121:
1045:
992:
972:
958:
890:
872:
792:
772:
758:
672:
654:
646:
632:
544:
528:
514:
488:
33:
8:
4069:Administrative divisions of the Yuan dynasty
3420:
3186:
3150:
2357:27 February 1329 – 30 August 1329
918:Her five-year regency on behalf of her son
3861:
3847:
3839:
2103:Child emperor; probably murdered amid the
448:
20:
3722:(1994). "The reign of Khubilai khan". In
3480:Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire
3026:
3010:
2994:
1331:7 September 1264 – 18 February 1294
2745:18 January 1341 – 10 September 1368
1901:30 December 1320 – 4 September 1323
3579:Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644
3428:
3424:
3408:
3392:
3372:
3349:
3326:
3294:
3274:
3254:
3234:
3218:
3214:
3054:
2927:
2865:
2701:
2636:
2609:Child emperor; died of sudden illness.
2572:
2507:
2437:
2341:
2280:
2217:16 October 1328 – 26 February 1329
2201:
2140:
2066:
1974:
1885:
1824:
1738:
1677:
1607:
1546:
1507:15 October 1265 – 10 February 1307
1462:
1401:
1301:
1240:
1110:
947:
861:
747:
621:
503:
4064:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
3436:
3202:
3182:
3166:
3146:
3130:
3110:
3094:
3078:
3066:
3050:
3038:
2998:
2982:
2966:
2950:
2934:
2731:8 December 1335 – 17 January 1341
2372:22 December 1300 – 30 August 1329
1623:23 January 1308 – 27 January 1311
3432:
3396:
3380:
3357:
3334:
3302:
3282:
3262:
3242:
3222:
3198:
3178:
3162:
3142:
3126:
3106:
3090:
2378:Briefly ruled before being killed by
1492:21 March 1297 – 10 February 1307
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
7:
3014:
2910:'s posthumous name was given by the
2082:October 1328 – 14 November 1328
1478:17 January 1295 – 20 March 1297
1346:23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294
799:13 September 1229 – 11 December 1241
172:, proclaimed on 18 December 1271 by
3672:The Rulers of China, 221 BC-AD 1949
3114:
2970:
2954:
2938:
2468:16 February 1304 – 2 September 1332
2453:25 May 1330 – 2 September 1332
2424:8 September 1329 – 2 September 1332
2232:16 February 1304 – 2 September 1332
1916:22 February 1302 – 4 September 1323
1754:7 April 1311 – 6 February 1314
2717:15 November 1333 – 7 December 1335
2588:23 October 1332 – 14 December 1332
2559:23 October 1332 – 14 December 1332
2238:Abdicated in favor of his brother
2188:16 October 1328 – 26 February 1329
351:. Essentially a way to convey the
318:into four independent states: the
308:Persia and much of the Middle East
292:campaigns of the following decades
14:
2328:27 February 1329 – 30 August 1329
2019:28 November 1293 – 15 August 1328
1452:(12 years and 9 months)
1291:(22 years and 2 months)
1193:, during which he died of fever.
194:split into four autonomous states
4259:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
4122:Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns
3826:
2887:Genghis Khan#Birth and childhood
2688:19 July 1333 – 10 September 1368
2495:None, known by his personal name
2487:
2387:
2247:
2191:(4 months and 10 days)
2112:
2004:7 May 1328 – 15 August 1328
1872:19 April 1320 – 4 September 1323
1649:
1518:
1373:
1264:Emperor Shengde Shengong Wenwu (
1202:
1175:10 January 1209 – 11 August 1259
1098:None, known by his personal name
1090:
1037:None, known by her personal name
935:None, known by his personal name
927:
849:None, known by her personal name
735:None, known by his personal name
727:
609:None, known by his personal name
601:
475:
192:in 1206, but which subsequently
54:
3984:Second Mongol invasion of Burma
2562:(1 month and 21 days)
2331:(6 months and 3 days)
2053:October 1328 – 14 November 1328
1961:4 October 1323 – 15 August 1328
1638:4 August 1281 – 27 January 1311
1317:26 June 1260 – 6 September 1264
818:Presided over the conquests of
442:in the "Reign" column, denotes
65:
4009:Red Turban invasions of Goryeo
2739:
2725:
2711:
2682:
2662:
2648:
2622:
2582:
2553:
2533:
2519:
2447:
2418:
2401:
2351:
2322:
2306:
2292:
2266:
2211:
2182:
2166:
2152:
2126:
2076:
2047:
1998:
1984:
1955:
1895:
1866:
1850:
1836:
1810:
1768:7 February 1314 – 1 March 1320
1762:
1748:
1719:
1703:
1689:
1663:
1617:
1594:21 June 1307 – 27 January 1311
1588:
1572:
1558:
1532:
1486:
1472:
1449:10 May 1294 – 10 February 1307
1443:
1427:
1413:
1387:
1325:
1311:
1282:
1266:
1252:
1216:
1156:
1136:
1122:
1046:
993:
973:
959:
891:
873:
793:
773:
759:
720:in controversial circumstances
673:
655:
647:
633:
545:
529:
527:Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu (
515:
489:
274:tribes of the Mongolian steppe
261:Through years of campaigning,
1:
4292:The Story of the Western Wing
4163:Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass
3887:Division of the Mongol Empire
3793:Chinese History: A New Manual
3478:Broadbridge, Anne F. (2018).
2768:breakdown of the social order
2603:1 May 1326 – 14 December 1332
1288:5 May 1260 – 18 February 1294
834:as a capital city. Died from
698:
568:
450:Yuan dynasty (大元; 1271–1368)
405:breakdown of the social order
266:
4384:Emperors of the Yuan dynasty
4168:Gulou and Zhonglou (Beijing)
3919:conquest of the Song dynasty
3833:Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty
2164:Emperor Shengming Yuanxiao (
1791:Confucian examination system
1358:conquest of the Song dynasty
1191:invasion of the Song dynasty
1162:1 July 1251 – 11 August 1259
1002:(1 year, 7 months)
253:History of the Mongol Empire
198:emperors of the Yuan dynasty
188:, which had been founded by
4188:Jinan Great Southern Mosque
3571:Goodrich, Luther Carrington
3463:. New York: Facts on File.
2834:List of Northern Yuan khans
2531:Emperor Chongsheng Sixiao (
1990:3 January 1324 – 6 May 1328
1783:9 April 1285 – 1 March 1320
1725:7 April 1311 – 1 March 1320
1425:Emperor Qinming Guangxiao (
1364:, and moved the capital to
999:24 August 1246 – April 1248
407:, and the powerful warlord
353:
347:
286:
257:History of the Yuan dynasty
4422:
4074:Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia
3953:Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
3738:Cambridge University Press
3608:Edinburgh University Press
3553:Cambridge University Press
3517:Cambridge University Press
3484:Cambridge University Press
2786:. Died of natural causes.
2482:. Died of natural causes.
1848:Emperor Ruisheng Wenxiao (
1701:Emperor Shengwen Qinxiao (
1368:. Died of natural causes.
594:in uncertain circumstances
250:
4404:Lists of leaders of China
4389:Lists of Chinese monarchs
3989:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
3761:Chinese History: A Manual
3583:Columbia University Press
3581:. Vol. 2. New York:
2760:25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370
2613:
2486:
2386:
2304:Emperor Yixian Jingxiao (
2246:
2111:
2029:
1937:
1797:
1648:
1570:Emperor Renhui Xuanxiao (
1517:
1372:
1201:
1197:
1089:
1071:Early 1200s – summer 1252
1030:
926:
842:
726:
600:
474:
170:imperial dynasty of China
83:
53:
42:
34:
31:
4103:Goryeo under Mongol rule
3909:Mongol conquest of China
3802:Harvard University Press
3770:Harvard University Press
3648:Harvard University Press
3639:Imperial China, 900–1800
3421:Goodrich & Fang 1976
3117:, pp. 69–70, 94–95.
2844:List of Chinese monarchs
2829:Yuan dynasty family tree
2770:; was forced to flee to
704:– September/October 1231
419:, commonly known as the
4399:Lists of Chinese people
4178:Pagoda of Bailin Temple
3999:1344 Yellow River flood
3994:War of the Two Capitals
3904:Kublai Khan's campaigns
2774:in 1368 by the warlord
2105:War of the Two Capitals
2097:1320 – 14 November 1328
1356:in 1271, completed the
916:Late 1180s – late 1246
812:1186 – 11 December 1241
588:in 1206, initiated the
446:between crowned rulers.
4278:The Injustice to Dou E
4183:Temple of Azure Clouds
4113:Science and technology
3970:Battle of Ngasaunggyan
3914:anti-Mongol fortresses
3455:Atwood, Christopher P.
3423:, pp. 1290–1293;
828:the invasion of Europe
380:and normally multiple
176:, which succeeded the
4014:Battle of Lake Poyang
4004:Red Turban Rebellions
3600:May, Timothy (2018).
2849:List of Mongol rulers
2677:Borjigin Toghon Temür
2615:Borjigin Toghon Temür
659:) (conferred in 1265)
651:) (conferred in 1251)
551:1206 – 25 August 1227
387:Kublai presided over
326:in Central Asia, the
3835:at Wikimedia Commons
3626:10.3366/j.ctv1kz4g68
3431:, pp. 566–583;
3379:, pp. 541–557;
3375:, pp. 156–157;
3356:, pp. 541–557;
3333:, pp. 535–540;
3301:, pp. 527–531;
3281:, pp. 513–526;
3261:, pp. 505–512;
3241:, pp. 492–503;
3237:, pp. 154–156;
3221:, pp. 454–489;
3185:, pp. 418–419;
2953:, pp. 368–369;
1950:Borjigin Yesün Temür
1939:Borjigin Yesün Temür
1716:Borjigin Ayurbarwada
434: shading, with
272:– 1227) unified the
126:1206 (Mongol Empire)
4197:Society and culture
3924:Battle of Xiangyang
3788:Wilkinson, Endymion
3756:Wilkinson, Endymion
3702:Thames & Hudson
3217:, p. 148–153;
3205:, pp. 362–364.
3169:, pp. 211–213.
3153:, pp. 166–167.
3133:, pp. 416–418.
3041:, pp. 607–608.
3029:, pp. 106–107.
2548:Borjigin Rinchinbal
2480:Bayan of the Merkid
2415:Borjigin Tugh Temür
2179:Borjigin Tugh Temür
1185:; sent his brother
653:Emperor Jingxiang (
451:
298:invade and conquer
128:1271 (Yuan dynasty)
70:), the grandson of
4285:The Orphan of Zhao
4054:Imperial Preceptor
3796:(Third ed.).
3634:Mote, Frederick W.
3097:, pp. 97–102.
2778:, and founded the
2013:Great-Grandson of
1863:Borjigin Shidibala
1632:Great-grandson of
971:Emperor Jianping (
836:excessive drinking
449:
389:the final conquest
316:had begun to split
97:First monarch
4371:
4370:
3831:Media related to
3811:978-0-6740-6715-8
3779:978-0-6740-0249-4
3747:978-0-521-24331-5
3724:Twitchett, Dennis
3711:978-0-500-05090-3
3657:978-0-6740-1212-7
3617:978-0-7486-4237-3
3603:The Mongol Empire
3592:978-0-231-03833-1
3562:978-0-521-24331-5
3539:Twitchett, Dennis
3526:978-0-521-24331-5
3503:Twitchett, Dennis
3493:978-1-1086-3662-9
3470:978-0-8160-4671-3
2790:
2789:
2764:
2751:
2692:
2672:
2607:
2594:
2563:
2543:
2472:
2459:
2428:
2412:
2376:
2363:
2332:
2316:
2236:
2223:
2192:
2176:
2101:
2088:
2057:
2042:Borjigin Ragibagh
2031:Borjigin Ragibagh
2023:
2010:
1965:
1920:
1907:
1876:
1860:
1787:
1774:
1729:
1713:
1642:
1629:
1598:
1582:
1511:
1498:
1453:
1437:
1350:
1337:
1292:
1276:
1183:Toluid Revolution
1179:
1166:
1146:
1075:
1062:
1020:
1016:1206 – April 1248
1003:
983:
907:
883:
816:
803:
783:
771:Emperor Yingwen (
710:Commanded armies
708:
689:
665:
578:
555:
539:
354:Yeke Monggol Ulus
287:Yeke Monggol Ulus
180:and preceded the
162:
161:
113:Last monarch
74:, proclaimed the
4411:
4341:ʼPhags-pa script
4271:The Chalk Circle
4252:Zhongyuan Yinyun
4139:Shiyi Dexiaofang
3897:Kaidu–Kublai war
3892:Toluid Civil War
3863:
3856:
3849:
3840:
3830:
3815:
3783:
3751:
3715:
3689:
3675:
3666:Moule, Arthur C.
3661:
3629:
3596:
3566:
3530:
3497:
3474:
3440:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3390:
3384:
3377:Ch'i-Ch'ing 1994
3370:
3361:
3354:Ch'i-Ch'ing 1994
3347:
3338:
3331:Ch'i-Ch'ing 1994
3324:
3318:
3315:Ch'i-Ch'ing 1994
3312:
3306:
3299:Ch'i-Ch'ing 1994
3292:
3286:
3279:Ch'i-Ch'ing 1994
3272:
3266:
3259:Ch'i-Ch'ing 1994
3252:
3246:
3239:Ch'i-Ch'ing 1994
3232:
3226:
3212:
3206:
3196:
3190:
3187:Broadbridge 2018
3176:
3170:
3160:
3154:
3151:Broadbridge 2018
3140:
3134:
3124:
3118:
3104:
3098:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3008:
3002:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2964:
2958:
2948:
2942:
2932:
2915:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2883:
2877:
2870:
2762:
2742:
2741:
2728:
2727:
2714:
2713:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2665:
2664:
2651:
2650:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2605:
2585:
2584:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2536:
2535:
2522:
2521:
2498:
2491:
2470:
2450:
2449:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2391:
2374:
2354:
2353:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2309:
2308:
2295:
2294:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2255:
2251:
2234:
2214:
2213:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2169:
2168:
2155:
2154:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2116:
2099:
2079:
2078:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2032:
2021:
2001:
2000:
1987:
1986:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1940:
1932:
1918:
1898:
1897:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1853:
1852:
1839:
1838:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1800:
1785:
1765:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1706:
1705:
1692:
1691:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1653:
1640:
1620:
1619:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1585:Borjigin Haishan
1575:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1509:
1489:
1488:
1475:
1474:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1430:
1429:
1416:
1415:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1377:
1362:Toluid Civil War
1352:Established the
1348:
1328:
1327:
1314:
1313:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1255:
1254:
1231:
1219:
1218:
1206:
1177:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1139:
1138:
1134:Emperor Huansu (
1125:
1124:
1101:
1094:
1074:(aged around 50)
1073:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1033:
1018:
1001:
996:
995:
976:
975:
962:
961:
938:
931:
899:
894:
893:
876:
875:
852:
845:
814:
801:
796:
795:
776:
775:
762:
761:
738:
731:
707:(aged around 40)
706:
703:
700:
681:
676:
675:
658:
657:
650:
649:
645:Emperor Yingwu (
636:
635:
612:
605:
590:Mongol conquests
577:(aged around 65)
576:
574:– 25 August 1227
573:
570:
553:
548:
547:
532:
531:
518:
517:
494:
492:
491:
479:
452:
441:
433:
417:Mongol heartland
378:posthumous names
376:; they also had
356:
350:
343:imperial dynasty
324:Chagatai Khanate
289:
276:and was crowned
271:
268:
69:
68: 1260–1294
67:
58:
38:
37:
36:
27:
26:the Yuan dynasty
21:
4421:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4347:History of Yuan
4314:
4245:Wenxian Tongkao
4210:History of Liao
4192:
4173:Miaoying Temple
4151:
4107:
4025:
4021:Ispah rebellion
3873:
3867:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3786:
3780:
3754:
3748:
3728:Franke, Herbert
3720:Rossabi, Morris
3718:
3712:
3692:
3664:
3658:
3632:
3618:
3599:
3593:
3577:, eds. (1976).
3569:
3563:
3543:Franke, Herbert
3533:
3527:
3507:Franke, Herbert
3500:
3494:
3477:
3471:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3435:, p. 104;
3427:, p. 157;
3419:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3395:, p. 157;
3391:
3387:
3371:
3364:
3352:, p. 156;
3348:
3341:
3329:, p. 156;
3325:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3297:, p. 156;
3293:
3289:
3277:, p. 156;
3273:
3269:
3257:, p. 156;
3253:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3213:
3209:
3201:, p. 102;
3197:
3193:
3189:, pp. 196.
3181:, p. 102;
3177:
3173:
3165:, p. 102;
3161:
3157:
3149:, p. 544;
3145:, p. 102;
3141:
3137:
3129:, p. 102;
3125:
3121:
3113:, p. 542;
3109:, p. 102;
3105:
3101:
3093:, p. 102;
3089:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3053:, p. 610;
3049:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3013:, p. 106;
3009:
3005:
2997:, p. 776;
2993:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2969:, p. 603;
2965:
2961:
2949:
2945:
2937:, p. 365;
2933:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2884:
2880:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2795:
2765:
2761:
2750:
2744:
2730:
2716:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2659:
2656:Posthumous name
2645:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2604:
2593:
2587:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2542:
2530:
2527:Posthumous name
2516:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2497:
2473:
2469:
2458:
2452:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2429:
2425:
2416:
2405:
2399:
2377:
2373:
2362:
2356:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2319:Borjigin Kusala
2315:
2303:
2300:Posthumous name
2289:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2264:
2253:
2237:
2233:
2222:
2216:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2175:
2163:
2160:Posthumous name
2149:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2130:
2124:
2102:
2098:
2087:
2081:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2030:
2024:
2020:
2009:
2003:
1989:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1938:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1906:
1900:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1859:
1847:
1844:Posthumous name
1833:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1784:
1773:
1767:
1753:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1712:
1700:
1697:Posthumous name
1686:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1667:
1661:
1643:
1639:
1628:
1622:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1586:
1581:
1569:
1566:Posthumous name
1555:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1530:
1512:
1508:
1497:
1491:
1477:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1436:
1424:
1421:Posthumous name
1410:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1351:
1347:
1336:
1330:
1316:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1279:Borjigin Kublai
1275:
1263:
1260:Posthumous name
1249:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1230:
1224:
1222:better known as
1220:
1214:
1180:
1176:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1133:
1130:Posthumous name
1119:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1076:
1072:
1056:
1053:
1044:
1031:
1021:
1017:
1000:
991:
982:
970:
967:Posthumous name
956:
949:
946:
945:
937:
917:
901:
898:
889:
887:Töregene Khatun
882:
870:
863:
860:
859:
851:
844:Töregene Khatun
843:
820:the Jin dynasty
817:
813:
800:
791:
782:
770:
767:Posthumous name
756:
749:
746:
745:
737:
712:in Central Asia
709:
705:
701:
683:
680:
671:
664:
652:
644:
641:Posthumous name
630:
623:
620:
619:
611:
579:
575:
571:
552:
543:
538:
526:
523:Posthumous name
512:
505:
502:
501:
493:
487:
447:
435:
431:
429:
337:To appease his
322:in Russia, the
290:, in 1206. The
269:
259:
249:
239:, known as the
147:
127:
104:
103:(Mongol Empire)
79:
64:
45:
32:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:Lists of khans
4391:
4386:
4376:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4231:Shilin Guangji
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4086:
4081:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4059:Zhongshu Sheng
4056:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3916:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3883:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3822:
3821:External links
3819:
3817:
3816:
3810:
3784:
3778:
3752:
3746:
3716:
3710:
3690:
3662:
3656:
3630:
3616:
3597:
3591:
3567:
3561:
3531:
3525:
3498:
3492:
3475:
3469:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:, p. 609.
3413:
3411:, p. 561.
3401:
3399:, p. 104.
3385:
3383:, p. 104.
3362:
3360:, p. 104.
3339:
3337:, p. 104.
3319:
3317:, p. 353.
3307:
3305:, p. 103.
3287:
3285:, p. 103.
3267:
3265:, p. 103.
3247:
3245:, p. 103.
3227:
3225:, p. 103.
3207:
3191:
3171:
3155:
3135:
3119:
3099:
3083:
3081:, p. 625.
3071:
3069:, p. 407.
3059:
3057:, p. 157.
3043:
3031:
3027:Wilkinson 1998
3019:
3011:Wilkinson 1998
3003:
3001:, p. 302.
2995:Wilkinson 2012
2987:
2985:, p. 603.
2975:
2973:, p. 189.
2959:
2957:, p. 181.
2943:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2908:Ukhaghatu Khan
2900:
2891:
2878:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2821:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:Inner Mongolia
2758:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2732:
2718:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2686:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2660:Emperor Shun (
2653:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2619:Ukhaghatu Khan
2617:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2557:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2524:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2392:
2384:
2383:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2297:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2261:Khutughtu Khan
2257:
2254:Khutughtu Khan
2244:
2243:
2240:Khutughtu Khan
2230:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2157:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2056:(1 month)
2051:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1991:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1959:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1841:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1755:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1694:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1654:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1563:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1479:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1447:
1440:Borjigin Temür
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1418:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1344:
1340:Second son of
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1318:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1257:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1173:
1167:
1160:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1127:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1069:
1063:
1050:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1014:
1004:
997:
984:
981:
980:
979:
978:
964:
941:
940:
939:
932:
924:
923:
914:
908:
895:
884:
881:
880:
879:
878:
855:
854:
853:
846:
840:
839:
810:
804:
797:
784:
781:
780:
779:
778:
764:
741:
740:
739:
732:
724:
723:
696:
692:Fourth son of
690:
677:
666:
663:
662:
661:
660:
638:
615:
614:
613:
606:
598:
597:
584:, founded the
566:
556:
549:
540:
537:
536:
535:
534:
520:
497:
496:
495:
480:
472:
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:Personal name
459:
456:
430:
428:
427:List of rulers
425:
423:, until 1634.
248:
245:
243:, until 1634.
237:Inner Mongolia
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
108:(Yuan dynasty)
98:
94:
93:
89:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:
59:
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
40:
39:
29:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4417:
4416:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4364:
4363:Northern Yuan
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:Mongol Empire
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3960:Java invasion
3958:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3864:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3739:
3736:. Cambridge:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3609:
3606:. Edinburgh:
3605:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3575:Fang Chaoying
3572:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3554:
3551:. Cambridge:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3535:Dardess, John
3532:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3515:. Cambridge:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3020:
3017:, p. 98.
3016:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2941:, p. 39.
2940:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2792:
2785:
2781:
2780:Northern Yuan
2777:
2776:Zhu Yuanzhang
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2736:
2733:
2722:
2719:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2687:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2657:
2654:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2618:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2558:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2528:
2525:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2423:
2414:
2410:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2327:
2318:
2301:
2298:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2187:
2178:
2161:
2158:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2012:
1995:
1992:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1871:
1862:
1845:
1842:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1759:
1756:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1724:
1715:
1698:
1695:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1593:
1584:
1567:
1564:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1483:
1480:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1448:
1439:
1422:
1419:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1322:
1319:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1278:
1261:
1258:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1169:First son of
1168:
1161:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1131:
1128:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1043:
1042:Oghul Qaimish
1040:
1038:
1035:
1032:Oghul Qaimish
1029:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
990:
989:
985:
968:
965:
954:
951:
950:
948:
944:
936:
933:
930:
925:
921:
915:
913:
909:
905:
896:
888:
885:
868:
865:
864:
862:
858:
850:
847:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
811:
809:
806:Third son of
805:
798:
790:
789:
785:
768:
765:
754:
751:
750:
748:
744:
736:
733:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
697:
695:
691:
687:
678:
670:
667:
642:
639:
628:
625:
624:
622:
618:
610:
607:
604:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:Mongol Empire
583:
582:Mongol tribes
567:
565:
561:
557:
554:(20–21 years)
550:
541:
524:
521:
510:
507:
506:
504:
500:
486:
485:
481:
478:
473:
470:Life details
453:
445:
439:
426:
424:
422:
421:Northern Yuan
418:
414:
410:
409:Zhu Yuanzhang
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
355:
349:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:Mongol armies
293:
288:
283:
282:Mongol Empire
279:
275:
264:
258:
254:
246:
244:
242:
241:Northern Yuan
238:
234:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:Mongol Empire
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
107:
102:
99:
95:
90:
86:
82:
77:
73:
62:
57:
52:
48:
41:
30:
22:
19:
4345:
4319:Other topics
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4238:Menggu Ziyun
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4156:Architecture
4144:
4137:
4120:
4036:
3870:Yuan dynasty
3791:
3759:
3732:
3697:
3694:Paludan, Ann
3671:
3638:
3602:
3578:
3547:
3511:
3479:
3459:
3447:Bibliography
3429:Dardess 1994
3425:Paludan 1998
3416:
3409:Dardess 1994
3404:
3393:Paludan 1998
3388:
3373:Paludan 1998
3350:Paludan 1998
3327:Paludan 1998
3322:
3310:
3295:Paludan 1998
3290:
3275:Paludan 1998
3270:
3255:Paludan 1998
3250:
3235:Paludan 1998
3230:
3219:Rossabi 1994
3215:Paludan 1998
3210:
3194:
3174:
3158:
3138:
3122:
3102:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3055:Paludan 1998
3046:
3034:
3022:
3006:
2990:
2978:
2962:
2946:
2930:
2903:
2894:
2881:
2874:Song dynasty
2868:
2734:
2720:
2706:
2675:
2655:
2641:
2631:
2577:
2546:
2526:
2512:
2502:
2494:
2442:
2409:second reign
2408:
2396:Jayaatu Khan
2394:
2346:
2299:
2285:
2275:
2259:
2252:
2206:
2159:
2145:
2135:
2121:Jayaatu Khan
2119:
2071:
2040:
2035:
1993:
1979:
1948:
1943:
1890:
1843:
1829:
1819:
1803:
1757:
1743:
1696:
1682:
1672:
1658:Buyantu Khan
1656:
1612:
1565:
1551:
1541:
1525:
1501:Grandson of
1481:
1467:
1420:
1406:
1396:
1382:Öljeytü Khan
1380:
1354:Yuan dynasty
1320:
1306:
1259:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1209:
1149:
1129:
1115:
1105:
1097:
1058:
1036:
1019:(aged 41–42)
986:
966:
952:
942:
934:
903:
866:
856:
848:
786:
766:
752:
742:
734:
685:
640:
626:
616:
608:
580:Unified the
522:
508:
498:
484:Genghis Khan
482:
437:
413:Ming dynasty
401:Toghon Temür
393:Song dynasty
386:
374:temple names
367:
336:
320:Golden Horde
304:Central Asia
263:Genghis Khan
260:
233:Toghon Temür
225:
213:temple names
204:
202:
197:
190:Genghis Khan
182:Ming dynasty
178:Song dynasty
166:Yuan dynasty
163:
117:Toghon Temür
101:Genghis Khan
76:Yuan dynasty
72:Genghis Khan
18:
4204:Yuan poetry
4042:family tree
3437:Atwood 2004
3203:Atwood 2004
3183:Atwood 2004
3167:Atwood 2004
3147:Atwood 2004
3131:Atwood 2004
3111:Atwood 2004
3095:Atwood 2004
3079:Atwood 2004
3067:Atwood 2004
3051:Atwood 2004
3039:Atwood 2004
2999:Atwood 2004
2983:Atwood 2004
2967:Atwood 2004
2951:Atwood 2004
2935:Atwood 2004
2782:dynasty in
2642:Temple name
2632:Other names
2513:Temple name
2503:Other names
2286:Temple name
2276:Other names
2146:Temple name
2136:Other names
1927: [
1912:Ayurbarwada
1830:Temple name
1820:Other names
1805:Gegeen Khan
1799:Gegeen Khan
1777:Brother of
1720:孛兒只斤愛育黎拔力八達
1683:Temple name
1673:Other names
1552:Temple name
1542:Other names
1411:Chengzong (
1407:Temple name
1397:Other names
1246:Temple name
1236:Other names
1227:Kublai Khan
1211:Setsen Khan
1151:Möngke Khan
1116:Temple name
1106:Other names
1055:(2–3 years)
1052:1248 – 1251
953:Temple name
943:Other names
900:(3–4 years)
897:1242 – 1246
867:Temple name
857:Other names
824:Kievan Rus'
788:Ögedei Khan
753:Temple name
743:Other names
702: 1191
682:(1–2 years)
679:1227 – 1229
627:Temple name
617:Other names
572: 1162
509:Temple name
499:Other names
467:Succession
364:Qin dynasty
339:Han Chinese
332:Kublai Khan
270: 1162
209:Han Chinese
174:Kublai Khan
106:Kublai Khan
61:Kublai Khan
24:Emperor of
4378:Categories
4030:Government
3700:. London:
3676:. London:
3433:Moule 1957
3397:Moule 1957
3381:Moule 1957
3358:Moule 1957
3335:Moule 1957
3303:Moule 1957
3283:Moule 1957
3263:Moule 1957
3243:Moule 1957
3223:Moule 1957
3199:Moule 1957
3179:Moule 1957
3163:Moule 1957
3143:Moule 1957
3127:Moule 1957
3107:Moule 1957
3091:Moule 1957
2912:Ming court
2855:References
2517:Ningzong (
2290:Mingzong (
1834:Yingzong (
1527:Külüg Khan
1360:, won the
1120:Xianzong (
988:Güyük Khan
957:Dingzong (
871:Naimaĵin (
458:Khan name
251:See also:
247:Background
158:Hereditary
4353:Khanbaliq
4094:Dpon-chen
4084:Manchuria
4049:Empresses
3798:Cambridge
3790:(2012) .
3766:Cambridge
3686:223359908
3678:Routledge
3644:Cambridge
3015:Mote 1999
2922:Citations
2772:Karakorum
2763:(aged 49)
2756:Khutughtu
2683:孛兒只斤妥懽帖睦爾
2646:Huizong (
2599:Khutughtu
2471:(aged 28)
2375:(aged 28)
2235:(aged 28)
2150:Wenzong (
2022:(aged 34)
1956:孛兒只斤也孫鐵木兒
1919:(aged 21)
1786:(aged 34)
1744:Huangqing
1687:Renzong (
1641:(aged 29)
1510:(aged 41)
1366:Khanbaliq
1349:(aged 78)
1307:Zhongtong
1178:(aged 50)
832:Karakorum
815:(aged 55)
757:Taizong (
631:Ruizong (
455:Portrait
382:era names
328:Ilkhanate
217:era names
155:Appointer
149:Khanbaliq
145:Karakorum
141:Residence
133:Abolition
123:Formation
4336:Borjigin
4146:Nong Shu
4128:Jiaochao
4079:Mongolia
4037:Emperors
3938:Sakhalin
3758:(1998).
3730:(eds.).
3696:(1998).
3668:(1957).
3636:(1999).
3545:(eds.).
3509:(eds.).
3457:(2004).
3115:May 2018
2971:May 2018
2955:May 2018
2939:May 2018
2823:See also
2793:Timeline
2735:Zhizheng
2707:Yuantong
2606:(aged 6)
2554:孛兒只斤懿璘質班
2476:El Temür
2419:孛兒只斤圖帖睦爾
2380:El Temür
2183:孛兒只斤圖帖睦爾
2100:(aged 8)
2072:Tianshun
2048:孛兒只斤阿剌吉八
1867:孛兒只斤硕德八剌
1556:Wuzong (
1468:Yuanzhen
1267:聖德神功文武皇帝
1065:Wife of
1012:Töregene
910:Wife of
716:in China
530:法天啟運聖武皇帝
205:de facto
78:in 1271.
44:Imperial
4358:Shangdu
4326:Mongols
4310:Fashion
4133:Coinage
3948:Vietnam
3879:History
2754:Son of
2721:Zhiyuan
2597:Son of
2578:Zhishun
2462:Son of
2443:Zhishun
2366:Son of
2323:孛兒只斤和世剌
2226:Son of
2091:Son of
1980:Taiding
1924:Temuder
1910:Son of
1444:孛兒只斤鐵穆耳
1321:Zhiyuan
1283:孛兒只斤忽必烈
1250:Shizu (
1081:'s son
1059:regency
1006:Son of
904:regency
808:Genghis
694:Genghis
686:regency
592:. Died
564:Hö'elün
560:Yesugei
558:Son of
542:Temüjin
513:Taizu (
444:regents
438:regency
391:of the
369:huangdi
348:Da Yuan
345:titled
280:of the
168:was an
92:Details
3872:topics
3808:
3776:
3744:
3708:
3684:
3654:
3624:
3614:
3589:
3559:
3523:
3490:
3467:
2698:Era(s)
2569:Era(s)
2534:沖聖嗣孝皇帝
2434:Era(s)
2347:Tianli
2338:Era(s)
2307:翼獻景孝皇帝
2207:Tianli
2198:Era(s)
2167:聖明元孝皇帝
2063:Era(s)
2015:Kublai
1971:Era(s)
1891:Zhizhi
1882:Era(s)
1851:睿聖文孝皇帝
1758:Yanyou
1735:Era(s)
1704:聖文欽孝皇帝
1634:Kublai
1604:Era(s)
1589:孛兒只斤海山
1573:仁惠宣孝皇帝
1503:Kublai
1459:Era(s)
1428:欽明廣孝皇帝
1298:Era(s)
1187:Hulegu
1083:Möngke
1047:斡兀立海迷失
1008:Ögedei
912:Ögedei
464:Reign
432:
312:Russia
310:, and
196:. The
4305:Islam
4089:Tibet
3975:Pagan
3965:Burma
3943:Japan
3929:Yamen
3622:JSTOR
2860:Notes
2623:烏哈噶圖汗
2464:Külüg
2368:Külüg
2228:Külüg
2093:Yesün
1994:Zhihe
1931:]
1779:Külüg
1613:Zhida
1342:Tolui
1171:Tolui
1079:Tolui
1067:Güyük
920:Güyük
669:Tolui
397:Temür
360:khans
300:China
284:, or
228:Temür
4300:Semu
4265:Zaju
4224:Song
3806:ISBN
3774:ISBN
3742:ISBN
3706:ISBN
3682:OCLC
3652:ISBN
3612:ISBN
3587:ISBN
3557:ISBN
3521:ISBN
3488:ISBN
3465:ISBN
2478:and
2402:札牙篤汗
2267:忽都篤汗
2127:札牙篤汗
1664:普顏篤汗
1482:Dade
1388:完澤篤汗
1137:桓肅皇帝
1024:Batu
1010:and
974:簡平皇帝
892:脱列哥那
874:乃馬真后
826:and
822:and
774:英文皇帝
714:and
656:景襄皇帝
648:英武皇帝
562:and
490:成吉思汗
294:saw
278:khan
255:and
221:khan
215:and
164:The
136:1368
35:大元皇帝
4217:Jin
2663:順皇帝
1811:格堅汗
1533:曲律汗
1217:薛禪汗
794:窝阔台
546:鐵木真
223:.
4380::
3804:.
3800::
3772:.
3768::
3764:.
3740:.
3726:;
3704:.
3680:.
3650:.
3646::
3642:.
3620:.
3610:.
3585:.
3573:;
3555:.
3541:;
3519:.
3505:;
3486:.
3365:^
3342:^
2740:至正
2726:至元
2712:元統
2649:惠宗
2583:至順
2520:寧宗
2448:至順
2382:.
2352:天曆
2293:明宗
2242:.
2212:天曆
2153:文宗
2107:.
2077:天順
1999:致和
1985:泰定
1929:zh
1896:至治
1837:英宗
1763:延祐
1749:皇慶
1690:仁宗
1618:至大
1559:武宗
1487:大德
1473:元貞
1414:成宗
1326:至元
1312:中統
1253:世祖
1157:蒙哥
1123:憲宗
994:贵由
960:定宗
838:.
760:太宗
722:.
699:c.
674:拖雷
634:睿宗
596:.
569:c.
516:太祖
384:.
306:,
302:,
267:c.
66:r.
3862:e
3855:t
3848:v
3814:.
3782:.
3750:.
3714:.
3688:.
3660:.
3628:.
3595:.
3565:.
3529:.
3496:.
3473:.
2914:.
2889:.
2876:.
2743:)
2737:(
2729:)
2723:(
2715:)
2709:(
2666:)
2658::
2652:)
2644::
2586:)
2580:(
2537:)
2529::
2523:)
2515::
2451:)
2445:(
2411:)
2407:(
2355:)
2349:(
2310:)
2302::
2296:)
2288::
2215:)
2209:(
2170:)
2162::
2156:)
2148::
2080:)
2074:(
2002:)
1996:(
1988:)
1982:(
1899:)
1893:(
1854:)
1846::
1840:)
1832::
1766:)
1760:(
1752:)
1746:(
1707:)
1699::
1693:)
1685::
1621:)
1615:(
1576:)
1568::
1562:)
1554::
1490:)
1484:(
1476:)
1470:(
1431:)
1423::
1417:)
1409::
1329:)
1323:(
1315:)
1309:(
1270:)
1262::
1256:)
1248::
1140:)
1132::
1126:)
1118::
1061:)
1057:(
977:)
969::
963:)
955::
906:)
902:(
877:)
869::
777:)
769::
763:)
755::
688:)
684:(
643::
637:)
629::
533:)
525::
519:)
511::
440:)
436:(
265:(
63:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
