1311:
1268:
1250:
688:
547:. It is a rustic palm that grows in arid, well drained, rocky soils. Its distinctive features are its compact shape, short green to grayish foliage, and trunk fully hidden by dry dead branches (coat) remaining from several previous seasons. It is very resistant to drought, and -9 °C/-15 °C temperatures when not in growing season, although it tends to shed its leaves in these conditions. It is one of the most cold-hardy palms in the world, because it also grows in the mountains of
1344:
1213:
1232:
1326:
795:
306:. It is a very fast growing palm, and can go from 3 to 15 feet (0.91 to 4.57 m) in just 5 years under the right conditions. During late spring the tree will produce small, fragrant flowers. Once fully matured, it can reach heights of up to 70 feet (21 m) in the wild; however, most do not exceed 40 feet (12 m). This palm produces sharp thorns on the frond stalks, so one must take proper precautions while pruning.
95:
1296:
1373:
1282:
326:, it is very drought-tolerant and hardy to −12 °C (10 °F), but does prefer hot summers. Despite the fact that this palm is less hardy than many palms listed here, it has the northernmost native habitat. It is rated as winter hardy to USDA zone 8. It is found in abundance across most of southwestern Europe and northwestern
86:, with species which are found in the wild in areas where the mean temperature of the coldest month of the year is as low as 0.2 °C (32.4 °F). Members of the above palms and other genera are sometimes grown in areas where they are not truly hardy, overwintering with the aid of various kinds of artificial protection.
152:
where severe (though brief) winter conditions occur. Hardy to about −15 °C (5 °F) unprotected, with exceptional tolerance reaching near −23 °C (−10 °F), they grow at high altitudes where temperatures are cool. It is also tolerant of low summer temperatures. Mature specimens can
1200:
In very cold winter areas below zone 6b, cold hardy palms have been cultivated by partially (or completely) covering plants with mini-green house coverings and wraps. Some garden enthusiasts in severe cold winter areas have gone as far as heating the interiors of these winter enclosures. As such,
399:
and surrounding regions, is also thought to be extremely cold hardy (perhaps to about −20 °C or −4 °F), though also requiring hot summers and dry soils. However, due to its limited availability in cultivation, not much is known about this palm. Mazari palm is not easy to grow; perfect
826:(35.2 N) on the East Coast. This palm is one of the most commonly grown palms in the world, and is well adapted to low humidity and little watering; it is used as an ornamental in both Mediterranean climates and desert climates. In more humid climates, these trees will often be seen with
1622:
Recent taxonomy suggests B. odorata is the species naturalized in
Florida, which has globose fruits, small midrib bundles completely encircling the fibrous cylinder, and does not have raphide-containing idioblasts in the foliar margin, unlike B. capitata (Sant'Anna-Santos et al.
1196:
7a or higher. Some hardy palms can be cultivated in areas with low temperatures slightly below this range when given wind sheltering (planted on the south side of a building). In the US, hardy palm cultivation is generally attempted from USDA zones 6b/7a southward.
362:
Valley. The needle palm is very slow-growing and rarely reaches heights of over 1 m (3 ft 3 in), though very old specimens in the deep south can reach 5 m (16 ft) in height and width. There are documented specimens that have been growing in
999:
Some plants used in subtropical landscaping in temperate climates like much of Europe, northern China/Japan, Korea, the northern USA, New
Zealand, etc. that are commonly referred to as "palms", but are not palms, i.e. not members of the Arecaceae family, include:
744:
is notable as one of the hardiest feather palms, tolerating temperatures down to about −10 °C (14 °F); it is widely cultivated in warm temperate regions. It is commonly grown on the East Coast of the United States as far north as
753:
and
Seattle on the West coast. It thrives in humid subtropical climates. This tree is commonly known as the "jelly palm" because of the sticky, edible, date-like fruit it produces, which is used in many South American countries to make
739:
and
Uruguay. This palm grows up to 6 m (20 ft), exceptionally 8 m (26 ft), in a slow but steady manner. It is easily identifiable with beautiful pinnate leaves that arch outwards from a thick stout trunk.
868:) – This relative of the Canary Island date palm, and producer of the edible date fruit, is also hardy to about −11 °C (12 °F), but does not tolerate very wet areas. This palm is one of the staple plants of the
470:
of both
Florida and South Carolina, is widely cultivated along the south Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coast of the United States, and needs hot and humid summers to grow. The species is considered hardy to
57:. A few of these temperate climate palms can tolerate hard freezes with little or no damage. Many of these "hardy" species can be cultivated in warmer parts of temperate and subtropical climates.
270:, mainly due to its unique grey color and ability to withstand temperatures down to 15 °F (−9 °C); thus, it thrives in any subtropical environment. It can be found in states such as
507:) is considered hardy to USDA zone 6b, like the needle palm. It can tolerate short periods of temperatures as low as −18 °C (0 °F). Endemic to the swamps and lowlands of the south
240:. It is rated as winter hardy to USDA zone 7. Windmill palms are the most cold and cool summer hardy of all the palms, although absolute minimum temperature may be exceeded by needle palms,
790:. Both species come from Mexico and are considered stem hardy to about −11 °C (12 °F), although they will lose their leaves at temperatures below about −6 °C (21 °F).
706:) – A contender for the hardiest pinnate-leaved palm, it is hardy to about −12 °C (10 °F) and has been cultivated successfully as far north as Seattle, Vancouver and
766:. This may be due to being native to a remote mountainous region of southern Brazil, at altitudes of 1,000 m (3,300 ft), where the weather is more similar to the
80:, with species which are found in the wild in areas where the mean temperature of the coldest month of the year is not much less than 5 °C (41 °F), and
519:
is successfully cultivated across the entire southern United States below 35 latitude, and up the East Coast to 41 latitude and up the West Coast to 45 latitude.
1192:
periods with temperatures in the range −18 to −12 °C (0 to 10 °F). As such, this generally limits hardy palm cultivation and long term specimens to
1212:
1231:
334:, has recently been introduced into the trade and early reports indicate that it may be 5 °C (9 °F) or more degrees hardier than the green form.
1249:
887:
where it is found at 2,500–2,800 m (8,200–9,200 ft) above sea level. At this altitude it tolerates occasional frosts for short periods of time.
1310:
346:) – This clustering and usually trunkless palm is native to the subtropical southeastern United States, from central Florida to Georgia, Mississippi,
412:) – These palms are native to Florida and coastal areas from South Carolina to Louisiana. They are found in various pine-dominated habitats (such as
810:) – This species is hardy to about −10 °C (14 °F), and is grown as far north as the south of England (50°N), producing viable seed (in
228:, where native palms exist. Across the interior of the United States, there are reports of long term specimens that have survived north to the
29:) that are able to withstand brief periods of colder temperatures and even occasional snowfall. A few palms are native to higher elevations of
1343:
658:
Few palms with pinnate leaves tolerate much frost. They belong to several tribes of the
Arecaceae, with the species listed here belonging to
475:
8, and may survive short periods of temperatures as low as −14 °C (7 °F). Large and older specimens can be found from southeastern
1201:
there are occasional reports of hardy palms be cultivated in areas with severe winters with low temperatures below −18 °C (0 °F).
350:
and
Alabama in the United States. It is considered hardy to -20 C (-5 F), and is cultivated along the East Coast from Florida to southern
1325:
368:
479:
south to
Florida and west to Texas. There are a few documented smaller specimens of cabbage palm growing in zone 7b in southern
1267:
903:
421:
762:– Woolly helly palm – Though it may be more cold tolerant, in North America it is not found in cultivation as much as
823:
1708:
1353:
608:
603:. It is sometimes grown in containers, or planted as short-term specimens in areas where it is not quite hardy.
915:
746:
677:
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114:
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330:. It is a very slow-growing plant. The blue form of the species (cerifera), native to high elevations of the
140:) – Considered the most cold hardy arborescent palms in the world. These tough species are native to eastern
1713:
1259:
774:
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400:
drainage and full sun are required for this palm to survive. This palm will not tolerate wet freezes.
287:
221:
1681:
Højgaard, A., Jóhansen, J., & Ødum, S. (1989). A century of tree planting on the Faroe
Islands.
499:) is a close relative of the cabbage palmetto that is native to southern Texas and northern Mexico.
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where true winter conditions occur, while a few others are native to the warmer parts of the
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palms (palmettos; 13 species) – These palms are native to the southeastern United States,
372:
331:
61:
649:) – It is native to Baja California in Mexico and hardy to about −8 °C (18 °F).
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The cold hardiness of palms varies by species. The hardiest species are found in the
1377:
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125:
82:
69:
1604:
Wunderlin, R. P.; Hansen, B. F.; Franck, A. R.; Essig, F. B. (16 September 2018).
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266:, this cold hardy palm is among the most sought-after palms for ornamentals in
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358:. They have proven hardy in the Tennessee Valley region and up into the lower
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283:
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Reichgeld, Tammo; West, Christopher K.; Greenwood, David R. (16 March 2018).
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22:
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818:, England). In North America mature specimens can be found as far north as
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coast of the United States, it can stand long periods of heat and drought.
846:
which shows similar frost tolerance, or it may be even hardier. Native to
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1241:
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881:
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946:. It is the southernmost palm in the world, found as far south as 44°S.
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of northern Mexico It has a more robust trunk and stiffer leaves than
587:, though it still grows in areas with humid subtropical climates like
1612:. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa
855:
851:
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579:, growing as high as 30 m (98 ft) in their native habitat.
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38:
387:) – This palm, native to the dry, mountainous terrains of northern
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713:
710:. This palm does not perform well in hot, humid tropical climates.
686:
634:
442:
303:
186:
141:
93:
798:
Canary Island Date Palm in southern
Switzerland in central Europe
987:
396:
359:
246:, as well as very brief nighttime cold exposure to desert palms.
118:
232:, with several long term plantings in the higher elevations of
224:, though numbers decline toward southern Georgia south toward
1399:"The relation between global palm distribution and climate"
919:– Native to Madagascar, slightly frost hardy. Resembles a
207:
is cultivated along the Pacific coast and as far north as
583:
is hardy to −12 °C (10 °F); it prefers a dry
212:
and along the Atlantic coast as far north as southern
954:– Generally considered tolerant to occasional frosts.
1636:"Butia eriospatha – Palmpedia – Palm Grower's Guide"
367:, since the early part of the 1960s, as well as the
858:, but has not been adequately tested for hardiness.
637:and it is hardy to about −7 °C (19 °F).
375:, that are at 3 m (9.8 ft) in height.
1531:. US Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
354:, and along the West Coast from California to
8:
1568:
1566:
615:, and is hardy to −10 °C (14 °F).
216:. Large mature specimens can be found from
1188:In general, hardy palms can only tolerate
784:– the hardiest known species in the genus
1438:
625:– It is native to southeastern Australia.
770:, with wet winters and cool summer days.
1389:
1208:
571:) – These palms are native to southern
153:also be found in the southern coast of
607:is somewhat less hardy, native to the
872:for its versatility and edible fruit.
318:) – The only palm native to southern
121:) include all of the hardiest palms.
7:
1240:dusted with snow in Grand Junction,
41:, and others are native throughout
102:) covered with dusting of snow on
14:
830:sprouting just beneath the crown.
822:(42.5º N) on the West Coast, and
1371:
1342:
1324:
1309:
1294:
1280:
1266:
1248:
1230:
1211:
369:United States National Arboretum
1606:"Butia capitata - Species Page"
1529:Fire Effects Information System
1222:on Solomons Island in southern
491:in the city of Bridgeport. The
904:Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
727:, possibly the hardiest known
1:
1660:"Connecticut's Notable Trees"
1573:Soares, Kelen Pureza (2015).
1543:"Connecticut's Notable Trees"
1463:"Connecticut's Notable Trees"
185:is also grown extensively in
535:arecaceae palm is native of
422:South Florida pine flatwoods
258:) – Native to the island of
995:Plants referred to as palms
716:or jelly palm, pindo palm (
1735:
1423:10.1038/s41598-018-23147-2
824:Wilmington, North Carolina
21:are any of the species of
1689:[Cold Hardy Palms in Ohio
1683:Ann. Soc. Sci. Faeroensis
1525:"SPECIES: Seranoa repens"
609:Baja California Peninsula
115:Arecaceae tribe Corypheae
916:Beccariophoenix alfredii
747:Virginia Beach, Virginia
157:, the southern coast of
117:; palms with fan-shaped
1610:Atlas of Florida Plants
1477:"Trachycarpus fortunei"
1319:In Melbourne, Australia
1260:Silver Spring, Maryland
840:) – Another species of
804:Canary Island date palm
775:Chamaedorea microspadix
414:Longleaf pine ecosystem
365:White County, Tennessee
1256:Rhapidophyllum hystrix
1015:Berberis eurybracteata
880:– It is native to the
799:
695:
344:Rhapidophyllum hystrix
312:Mediterranean fan palm
262:off the east coast of
110:
1350:Trachycarpus fortunei
1238:Trachycarpus fortunei
1220:Trachycarpus fortunei
986:– Native to southern
877:Ceroxylon quindiuense
797:
781:Chamaedorea radicalis
690:
585:Mediterranean climate
564:Washingtonia filifera
529:Trithrinax campestris
385:Nannorrhops richtiana
131:Trachycarpus fortunei
100:Trachycarpus fortunei
97:
1677:Palm Trees in Russia
1288:Washingtonia robusta
1111:Macrozamia johnsonii
1075:Dicksonia antarctica
1009:Beaucarnea recurvata
1003:Aloidendron barberae
939:Rhopalostylis sapida
735:is a palm native to
654:Pinnate-leaved palms
1415:2018NatSR...8.4721R
1332:Phoenix dactylifera
1317:Phoenix canariensis
1105:Macrozamia communis
1087:Dioon angustifolium
1081:Dicksonia squarrosa
1021:Cordyline australis
971:Calamus caryotoides
866:Phoenix dactylifera
838:Phoenix theophrasti
808:Phoenix canariensis
622:Livistona australis
473:USDA Hardiness Zone
1501:Chamaerops humilis
1403:Scientific Reports
1274:Chamaerops humilis
1177:Zamia integrifolia
1123:Mahonia oiwakensis
1117:Macrozamia riedlei
1069:Cyathea medullaris
1027:Cordyline indivisa
820:Gold Beach, Oregon
800:
696:
633:– It is native to
549:Sierras de Córdoba
316:Chamaerops humilis
256:Bismarckia nobilis
111:
1640:www.palmpedia.net
1141:Pseudopanax ferox
1045:Cyathea australis
927:Howea forsteriana
892:Ceroxylon alpinum
768:Pacific Northwest
700:Chilean wine palm
641:Mexican blue palm
543:and northeastern
1726:
1709:Trees by climate
1685:Supplementum 14.
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1663:
1656:
1650:
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1647:
1646:
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1575:"Le genre Butia"
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1505:. hardiness.zone
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1479:. hardiness.zone
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1234:
1215:
1135:Musa sikkimensis
1063:Cyathea dealbata
1051:Cyathea capensis
959:Dypsis decipiens
932:Lord Howe Island
895:– Native to the
834:Cretan date palm
759:Butia eriospatha
704:Jubaea chilensis
692:Jubaea chilensis
678:Tribe Phoeniceae
493:Mexican palmetto
460:cabbage palmetto
436:and wet prairie.
324:Cretan date palm
211:
171:Vancouver Island
165:(in the city of
98:Windmill palms (
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1159:Yucca aloifolia
1057:Cyathea cooperi
997:
983:Calamus erectus
656:
452:Central America
373:Washington D.C.
371:in the city of
332:Atlas Mountains
198:
161:, southwestern
113:The fan palms (
92:
49:locales in the
12:
11:
5:
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1721:
1716:
1714:Lists of trees
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1706:
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1672:
1671:External links
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1557:"Palms: Hardy"
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1033:Cycas revoluta
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731:-leaved palm.
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670:Tribe Cocoseae
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630:Rhapis excelsa
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575:and northwest
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533:South American
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513:Gulf of Mexico
501:Dwarf palmetto
497:Sabal mexicana
487:, and coastal
464:Sabal palmetto
438:
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410:Serenoa repens
402:
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348:South Carolina
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238:North Carolina
126:Windmill palms
91:
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35:temperate zone
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1581:(in French).
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1099:Encephalartos
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948:
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936:
934:in Australia.
933:
929:
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922:
921:coconut palm.
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723:– Along with
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719:Butia odorata
715:
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252:Bismarck palm
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201:United States
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1682:
1654:
1643:. Retrieved
1639:
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1621:
1616:17 September
1614:. Retrieved
1609:
1599:
1589:17 September
1587:. Retrieved
1582:
1578:
1551:
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1528:
1519:
1507:. Retrieved
1500:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
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1147:Rhus typhina
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978:, Australia.
974:– Native to
969:
962:– Native to
957:
949:
942:– Native to
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930:– Native to
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914:
907:– Native to
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558:Washingtonia
556:
528:
516:
504:
496:
463:
441:
430:dry hammocks
409:
406:Saw palmetto
384:
343:
322:besides the
315:
255:
241:
236:and western
205:Trachycarpus
204:
183:Trachycarpus
182:
173:), southern
135:
129:
112:
99:
83:Trachycarpus
81:
75:
70:Washingtonia
68:
59:
37:in southern
18:
17:
15:
1409:(1): 4721.
1334:planted in
1129:Musa basjoo
1093:Dioon edule
944:New Zealand
870:Middle East
828:sword ferns
787:Chamaedorea
764:B. ordorata
665:Chamaedorea
613:W. filifera
601:New Orleans
581:W. filifera
517:Sabal minor
505:Sabal minor
489:Connecticut
420:areas, and
393:Afghanistan
381:Mazari palm
340:Needle palm
296:Mississippi
243:Sabal minor
214:Connecticut
195:New Zealand
175:Switzerland
104:Long Island
47:subtropical
19:Hardy palms
1698:Categories
1645:2019-05-24
1384:References
1039:Dasylirion
976:Queensland
964:Madagascar
742:B. odorata
733:B. odorata
714:Butia palm
605:W. robusta
573:California
568:W. robusta
468:state tree
454:, and the
424:), and in
284:California
260:Madagascar
230:Ohio River
209:Washington
148:, and the
31:South Asia
1704:Arecaceae
1579:Principes
1509:15 August
1483:15 August
1431:2045-2322
1304:In France
1184:Hardiness
909:Australia
882:Colombian
862:Date palm
816:Hampshire
694:in France
545:Argentina
456:Caribbean
292:Louisiana
234:Tennessee
220:south to
191:Australia
167:Vancouver
150:Himalayas
90:Fan palms
43:temperate
27:Arecaceae
1449:29549297
1365:See also
1358:Bulgaria
1242:Colorado
1224:Maryland
812:Southsea
751:Portland
589:Brisbane
531:) – The
509:Atlantic
485:Delaware
481:Maryland
477:Virginia
389:Pakistan
280:Arkansas
218:Maryland
137:T. takil
108:New York
51:Americas
1585:: 12–57
1440:5856843
1411:Bibcode
1354:Krapets
1336:Morocco
1218:Mature
1205:Gallery
951:Caryota
843:Phoenix
729:pinnate
682:Phoenix
597:Houston
561:palms (
541:Uruguay
537:sabanas
466:), the
356:Seattle
288:Georgia
276:Arizona
272:Alabama
268:Florida
226:Florida
222:Georgia
199:In the
169:and on
159:England
155:Ireland
146:Myanmar
55:Oceania
1447:
1437:
1429:
856:Turkey
852:Greece
754:jelly.
737:Brazil
725:Jubaea
708:London
676:) and
599:, and
593:Sydney
577:Mexico
458:. The
448:Mexico
432:, and
328:Africa
320:Europe
302:, and
300:Nevada
264:Africa
193:, and
179:Ticino
163:Canada
119:leaves
77:Rhapis
39:Europe
1623:2015)
1190:brief
897:Andes
885:Andes
848:Crete
635:China
443:Sabal
426:scrub
304:Texas
187:Japan
142:China
62:tribe
1618:2018
1591:2018
1511:2020
1485:2020
1445:PMID
1427:ISSN
1174:and
988:Asia
778:and
749:and
511:and
397:Iran
360:Ohio
74:and
53:and
45:and
23:palm
1435:PMC
1419:doi
1352:in
1258:In
850:in
684:).
668:),
539:in
434:dry
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