Glossary of motorsport terms

2410: 3725: 2235:, the time generally between December and February. Because of Australia being in the Southern Hemisphere, some drivers in North America will fly down to Australia during the time and participate in various meetings before the major series have Florida-based meetings in February. The recognised International Season typically runs from Christmas Day (because of the time difference, it usually is Christmas night in the United States where the international drivers are based, when the Boxing Day races start), until the week before the Florida meetings. The most notable races on the international season there include Australian Speedweek at various Australian tracks starting on Boxing Day and the 2866: 1053: 1858: 3452: 2955: 381: 4468: 4148: 2275: 2385: 3895: 3742: 1657: 766: 2589: 1349: 4560: 3378: 1395: 3170: 4460: 4602: 783:

lean into the corner (like on a motorcycle), which reduces lateral forces on the tire and causes less flex in the sidewall, although it does also have the effect of increasing tire wear.: B.) Banking (see above), the angle at which a corner inclines towards the outside (or a straight from its lower side to its higher side). Sometimes specified as positive camber and negative camber, the latter indicating a decline from the inside of a corner.

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began. IndyCar has a yellow checker rule, and NASCAR allows it if a race is shortened because of a curfew or darkness, if the race is already on its final lap when the yellow must be waved, or if there is a yellow implemented after the leader crosses the finish line during a valid green-white-checker finish once the race has restarted. In Formula One, when there is a yellow checker, the safety car will not lead the leader to the finish line.

3654: 1306: 1940: 35: 1200:). On road courses, a dogleg may be present on a long straightaway, curving the straight slightly, but usually not enough to require drivers to slow down much for the turn. On an oval, a dogleg can be located on the front stretch, creating an oblong shape, adding a challenge, increasing sightlines for fans, and again, usually not requiring drivers to slow down for the extra curve. A 4052:

box. Doing work on the car would negate the serving of the penalty, and the penalty would have to be re-served the next time around. In some cases, the car is held in the box for a specified number of seconds before being allowed to resume. Since the early/mid-1990s, this penalty has seen less use, replaced in most cases by the drive-through penalty.

2331:, when a car passes before they cross the start-finish line or the restart line. When this is done, a penalty is usually imposed. In drag racing, a jump start is signalled by a red light in the offending driver's lane, and they lose unless a more serious foul (boundary line or failure to report to post-race inspection after a round win) occurs. 1095:

to be "tuned" to optimize power. Because a supercharger pressurizes intake air at a fixed mechanical ratio to engine speed, the engine suffers a proportionate loss in power, but not as severe as a naturally aspirated engine does. Turbocharged engines are largely unaffected, as the lower density of the intake air is offset by the lower

959:). In some cases, the safety car only is applied after a set number of consecutive green-flag laps or time has been run without a safety car (typically 50-100 laps). A cash or points bonus may be paid to the team leading at the time of the period (such as end-of-stage competition cautions in NASCAR's national series). 3327:, heat races may be run as reverse grid races with a points system that gives points for cars passed as well as finishing points. At the end of the heat races, the combined total of passing and finishing points are used to determine the starting grid for the A main, and which drivers are sent to lower events. 4717:

In rallying, the official vehicles (numbered 000, 00, and 0) that run through a special stage at near rallying speeds to check for road conditions, obstructions, and safety risks (such as spectators or animals) prior to the rally cars running through the course, as well as to notify the public of the

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When the front wheel of a motorcycle oscillates rapidly at speed, causing the handlebars to slap against the fuel tank. It is increasingly being used to refer to a vehicle that loses traction at the rear, regains traction and loses it again, causing the rear to weave side to side independently of the

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A finish in which two or more cars are so close that in times past, a photograph of the finishers crossing the finish line would need to be studied to determine the finishing order. While the practice has been mostly superseded by modern electronic timing systems, the location of the transponder in a

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are preferred as the sign is not round, but sometimes square, and often is in a specific design unique to the driver or team. In addition, in NASCAR and IndyCar, the sign is usually only used for the driver to locate their pit box, and is pulled back (not normally being used to signal departure as it

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When a full-course caution occurs right before the end of a race, the race is extended beyond its scheduled distance. Depending on the sanctioning body, there may be either one or multiple attempts at a restart, between one and five laps, before the race is declared officially over. NASCAR's national

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The time that a rally crew is due at the next time control. If the crew arrive on or before their due time, they will incur no time penalty. In practice, because determining a winner depends on being able to sort finishers in order of accrued penalty points (those with the fewest wins), due times are

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to the flat undertrays of the 1980s in various attempts to use aerodynamics to suck the cars closer to the bitumen, minimising the air underneath the car that could slow its progress. Today most such categories feature a stepped undertray with sidepods siting higher in the air than the centre of the

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Term used when a driver in a low preliminary race advanced through multiple races to advance to a much higher feature. Common in midget and sprint car races where a driver advances from the C Main to the A Main that day, or in the final day, advances through three or more levels (H Main, advances to

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The period near and after the conclusion of the racing season during which teams and drivers may begin preparing to make changes for the upcoming season. Potential changes at a team may be new or different drivers, sponsors, engines/chassis, team personnel, and cars. Rumours often run rampant during

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A painted line defining the area where the pit lane rejoins the race track, and prevents cars exiting the pit from driving into race traffic travelling past the pits, or vice versa. Competitors are penalised for crossing the blend line, ensuring that exiting cars have reached sufficient speed before

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A team or driver who qualifies and starts a race but only runs a small number of laps to avoid using up resources (tires, parts, pit crew effort, etc.). The team or driver will intentionally drop out of the race, placing last or near to last, but will still collect the corresponding prize money and

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A pejorative term for a corner or series of corners on a circuit that are thought to be poorly designed, slow, uncompetitive, uninteresting, and usually difficult or near impossible to overtake through, which detract from the overall challenge of the course. In some cases where the entire course is

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A term in drag racing which often refers to atmospheric air pressure decreasing as altitude above sea level increases. All supercharged internal combustion engines produce less power as air pressure drops, as each intake stroke draws in less air per volume than normally. This may require the engine

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A.) The angle at which wheels are set up to tilt in or out, measured in degrees in or out from 90 degrees. Positive camber means the top of the tyre is angled outwards from the car; negative camber means that the top tilts inwards. Negative camber assists cornering performance, as the outside tires

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A term derived when the final lap in a race is completed during a full course yellow while the field is under the control of the safety car. In this instance, the yellow and checkered flags are waved together, and the race is declared finished with the order the same as when the full course yellow

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When the rear tyres (or front tyres in the case of a front wheel drive vehicle) break traction with the racing surface under acceleration, spinning the wheels faster than they move across the surface. On higher traction surfaces like bitumen the tyre will begin to shred and melt from the friction,

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A penalty given to a driver for an on-track infraction that requires them to enter their pit box (or in some cases a special penalty pit box) and come to a complete stop before resuming. No work is allowed to be done on the car during the penalty, even if it is being served in the driver's own pit

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A phenomenon caused by the drying out of the clay surface on short circuit oval tracks. If a minimum percentage of moisture on the track surface is not maintained, the clay will dry out, causing the rubber of the specialized clay circuit tires to prematurely wear the same way as on paved circuits,

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Where cars start a race in the reverse order of qualifying, or perceived race pace, usually with timed gaps between cars starting a race. More common in racing's early days than today, the effect was to produce a race result in which all cars would arrive at the race finish together, regardless of

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A form of motorsport which consists largely of an obstacle course of tight turns, spins and reversing. The winner is the one who completes all prescribed manoeuvrers in the shortest possible time. The course is usually marked out with traffic cones or similar devices, and hitting them with the car

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A system by which the suspension is controlled by a computer to maintain an optimum distance above the racing surface, regardless of forces acting upon the car and changes in the racing surface, thus maximising the aerodynamic assistance that can be gained by running the car closer to the ground.

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Generally refers to a category or series of lesser importance which, in most cases, will race at the same race meeting as a senior category. Cars will be generally characteristically similar to drive but will be smaller, less powerful, and/or slower. Competitors will generally be younger emerging

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A penalty applied by race officials while the race is underway, where a competitor is directed to drive into the pit lane and travel its length at low speed (pit lanes are speed-limited to protect the pit crew and marshals), losing significant time in the process. When the driver is serving their

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A mechanically activated element of the rear wing of modern Formula One cars, which can be used at specific areas on the circuit. The wing element rotates from steeply inclined to relatively flat, thus reducing the amount of drag generated by the rear wing and increasing top speed. DRS also makes

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In dirt racing, when dirt is kicked up and lands near the edges of the track after cars drift through the corners. The dirt builds up after time and can slow a driver down if they slide too deep into it while drifting through the turn. In dirt oval racing, when dirt is kicked towards the wall, it

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whilst observing water conditions, and extract as much speed out of the boat by controlling the hand throttle during a race whilst it hops over tides. The latter prevents the propellers from spinning wildly whilst the boat is airborne, causing the engine to overrev and possibly leading to engine

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A collision in which the front of a car crashes into the side of another car, forming a "T" shape. This is one of the more dangerous types of crash due to the relative vulnerability of side impacts where there is much less deformable structure on the side of a car to protect the driver. Also, to

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When the starting order of a race is reversed, so that the driver in pole position starts last. Occasionally reverse grid is limited to only part of the grid; for example, just the top ten positions may be reversed. Often used to increase the entertainment value of a race, and mainly used when a

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An official appointed by a series organiser who holds ultimate authority over race operations throughout every event of a championship. The race director is the senior official present, and controls the activities of the local clerk of the course and marshals and the other staff appointed by the

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penalty was introduced to motorcycle racing in 2019 and involves a rider taking a detour on a pre-designated route, usually an extended corner. This is intended to increase a rider's lap time as a penalty for an infringement during a race, and is intended as a lighter penalty than a ride-through

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During a safety car period, teams can change tires and refuel within a limited time window (2-5 laps or five minutes) to make adjustments. Depending on the series, teams will either not lose any track position (if it is an interval break) or will not lose their position relative to the cars that

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Race(s) that takes place before or after the main event race. It may also be held during a qualifying day, and is often used to provide a fuller weekend of track activity. It is normally a race from a lower or "ladder" series, is usually shorter in duration, and in some cases might feature some

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A car externally sourced by a racing team, either from another team or from a specialist racing chassis manufacturer. Primarily a Formula One term, where the majority of teams built their own cars; customer cars have since been banned from F1. In some short track late model and modified series,

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When a rally driver retires on any day, except the last, they can continue the next day incurring penalties for the stages they did not drive, including the one they retired on. Currently, in World Rally Championship, a driver will be given the time of the fastest driver of their class, plus a

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A small lip placed at the trailing edge of a race car's wing. Despite its relative size, often only millimetres tall, it can double the downforce achieved by the wing, although at the premium of increasing drag, hence the small size. Named for the man commonly attributed to its proliferation,

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pitted during the caution (for example, if the third-, fourth-, and eighth-place cars pit during the caution, they will be the first-, second-, and third-place cars exiting the pit lane, and will start behind lead-lap cars that did not pit, in the same relative order as before the safety car).

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used in some countries to indicate to a driver that there is a defect with their car that carries a safety risk to them or to another driver. Most usually applied to trailing smoke or loose bodywork. The flag is black with a large orange dot in the centre of the flag, looking vaguely like a

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Any lap which concludes with a visit to the pits, especially a pre-arranged pit stop, either during a race or during practice or qualifying. Often drivers push hard to drive fast on their in-lap (despite perhaps having worn out tires) in order to gain time lost during the pit stop. See also

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When a race is started again after a caution or other condition that stopped the race. In the case of a restart from a caution period on an oval track and most road courses, this is accomplished by the safety car pulling off the track, the green flag/light being displayed, and cars simply

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Fastest race lap recorded at a circuit for a category of race car. The circumstances allowed vary significantly, but practice laps are generally not considered official records. Laps recorded in qualifying may or may not contribute but are sometimes referred together with practice laps as

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oval racing, when a car overtakes another car on the inside of a corner and deliberately oversteers in front of the vehicle being passed in an attempt to slow their momentum. The vehicle being passed often attempts to pass back by steering low coming out of the corner down the following

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In drag racing, when the engine is putting out more horsepower than the drive axle can handle, causing the rear tires to shake violently. This results in a loss of speed and sometimes steering, and occasionally leads to on track accidents. Sometimes referred to in other disciplines as

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A shorter preliminary race which decides the participants of the main race, and sometimes starting order as well. Usually, there are more heats in which only a segment of drivers from the entry list take part. Can also refer to a part of the main race, when it consists of two or more

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A timed special stage in a rally on a purpose-built track, often in a stadium. Usually, two cars will set off at the same time in separate lanes, and at the halfway point of the stage they will swap lanes, usually via a crossover involving a bridge. A similar format is used in the

1803:. Depending on the track and/or racing series, a green track may be favorable or unfavorable. Track crews may use jet blowers to remove marbles and debris from the surface and mimic favorable green track conditions. However, a green track may be unfavorable due to reduced traction. 4218:

The practice of one driver letting another from the same team or manufacturer gain a higher finish at the direction of the team management. Often employed to prevent the risk of an accident resulting in damage to both of a team's cars. The practice was briefly forbidden in

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or other racing series, it is a rule where the driver must qualify the car within 107% of the polesitter's time to be allowed to compete. Variations of this may be used to monitor drivers and warn them to reach the required pace or be parked (disqualified). Similarly, the

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usually positioned on the outside of corners and filled with gravel, intended to slow down and stop cars that have left the track at speed. Generally, there are tyre barriers between a gravel trap and the catch fencing, in order to protect spectators. Sometimes nicknamed

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A system in which engine power is increased for short periods to create a short burst of extra speed. This can be done by increasing the boost pressure in a turbocharged car, increasing the maximum rpm, or using a separate (i.e. hybrid) system to provide power. Also see

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or another sanctioning body or circuit to any driver who drives over a specified distance at a minimum speed of 200 miles per hour (320 km/h), while also breaking a record. Membership can stretch over from the more exclusive 300 to the elite 400. Also known as the

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A driver who did not finish the race. Some sanctioning bodies do not classify a driver in the final results if they did not complete a certain number of laps; for example, in Formula One, a driver must complete 90% of the winner's completed laps to be classified as a

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A strategic choice to pit and service both of a team's vehicles on the same lap, one immediately after the other. The term is most commonly used in Formula One, but applies to any series where teams operate more than one vehicle and have a single pit box and team of

4527:, used to limit the additional horsepower it produces. It consists chiefly of a valve that is opened when sufficient turbocharger pressure is reached, preventing further boost pressure from accumulating and protecting the engine and turbocharger system from damage. 1070:

In drag racing, when a dragster pulls so far forward that they leave the pre-stage area and turn off the pre-stage lights on the Christmas tree, but not far enough to leave the staged area. This may give the driver a few inches of advantage, and is legal in drag

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A car used by a driver if they have damaged their main car. It may or may not have the same setup as the primary car. Now banned in Formula One for cost-cutting reasons, though teams in many other major racing series have a spare car available at the track. At

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A metal plate, most commonly titanium, fixed to the bottom of flat-bottomed racing cars to protect the undertray from damage from the ground. Less common today, as racing cars are usually mandated to have a ground clearance that decreases the risk of bottoming

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A preliminary qualifying session held prior to a regular qualifying session in order to reduce the number of competitors taking part in the regular session, usually for safety reasons. An example of pre-qualifying is in Formula One in the late 1980s and early

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Ceremonial marshalling role at a race meeting. Largely held by celebrities or retired notable drivers, with no actual duties or responsibilities beyond the waving of a flag to commence activity or to announce the traditional "start your engines" prior to some

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the early stages of silly season. In some rare cases, teams may actually implement the planned changes during silly season rather than wait until the start of the new season. Such a move may give them a head start on the upcoming season, or may alleviate "

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A preplanned full-course yellow, mandated by the sanctioning body, where drivers bring their vehicles into the pits. Frequently done to change tires because of excessive tire wear, or to prevent teams from having to hire specialised pit crews (see

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A selection procedure in which the ten or 15 fastest qualifiers compete for grid positions in a single-lap effort without other vehicles on the track. While not specifically referenced, most NASCAR races will use this style of qualifying for all

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of five, for example, the fifth-fastest qualifier starts first and the fastest qualifier starts fifth. The rest of the field starts by their qualifying speed (sixth-fastest starts sixth). The invert is often not announced before qualifying, or a

4970: 729:, a driver who regularly races in the first-tier NASCAR Cup Series, but makes guest or semi-regular appearances racing in the second-tier NASCAR Xfinity Series. The term was named originally for the then-sponsor of the second-tier series, the 4138:) A passenger on a racing motorcycle sidecar who athletically moves from one side of the sidecar to the other, altering a sidecar's weight distribution to assist in cornering speed and in some corners to prevent the sidecar from tipping over. 3027:

An area which cars enter after they have qualified for the race, where they are not allowed to be worked upon by mechanics unless under strict supervision by the stewards. Some motorsports series other than Formula One refer to this as the

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An aerodynamic device attached to the trailing edge of a race car to increase its rear downforce. The difference between a spoiler and a wing is that air passes both over and under the aerodynamic surface of a wing, but only passes over a

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A second racing team either operated by or in partnership with a larger team, but maintaining a separate identity. The team may share vehicles and technology with the main operation, or may develop the careers of upcoming drivers, such as

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In drag racing, a radiator overflow tank. Sometimes, used beer cans are used as puke cans, although these types of modifications are sometimes considered illegal. A standard puke can is usually made of plastic and attached close to the

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A structure of metal bars installed into the interior of a production-based racing car. Originally created as a safety device, in more recent times it has also been used to substantially increase the torsional rigidity of a race car's

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In bracket racing, drivers must estimate or "dial in" the time in which they expect to run, allowing two unmatched cars in weight and power to compete via a handicap system. If one runs a faster time than is dialed in, it is called a

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A mostly European term used by people at the pit wall to tell a driver to perform a pit stop. In NASCAR, it is rarely mentioned outside of earning a penalty for conducting work on the car while not within the bounds of the team's pit

5606: 3578:, in which the driver can change gears manually without having to manually activate the clutch. On open-wheel race cars and sports prototypes, it is usually activated by paddles immediately behind the steering wheel, although 3074:

A board that is held up from the pit wall to the side of the finishing straight when a driver goes past, to confirm their position in the race and the number of laps remaining. Before the introduction of radio communication,

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A style of restart where the race leader starts in the first row by themselves and the other drivers start two-wide. The leader can choose which lane they want for the restart, which can offer a clear advantage over second

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The process by which a new vehicle or part of a vehicle is approved by organizers for usage in racing. It also refers to the majority of the world's road racing sanctioning bodies having a racing class following the FIA's

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In motorcycle, off-road, and powerboat racing, the driver or rider who is first through the first turn at the start of a race, following a standing start. In drag racing, getting a starting line advantage due to a quicker

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An engine that is ready-built and sealed by an independent company. Crate motors are sometimes mandated and sometimes optional. They are commonly used in regional touring series down to local tracks, and in divisions from

2046:. The other driver gets "holeshotted", "welded to the line", or "left at the tree." A "holeshot win" is any win in a heads-up class where a car wins because of better reaction time, despite having a slower elapsed time. 3673:

An aerodynamic device, positioned on either side of an open-wheel racing car or modern sports prototype, to improve airflow between the front and rear wheels, and to usually also feed air to a radiator housed inside

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A type of qualifying most common in oval racing, where drivers are assigned a number from 1 to 100. Subsequent races are lined up with the lowest pill-drawer of the field in the front and the highest at the

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series, the joker lap is usually a bit shorter than a lap on the original track. The joker lap was thought up as a tactical component by Svend Hansen, the father of 14-times FIA European Rallycross champion

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series will have a maximum of three attempts if only the penultimate lap is under caution, while some short track races have unlimited attempts at a span between one and five consecutive green-flag laps. In

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To be ordered to the pits or penalty box, due to a violation of the rules or an unsafe car (loose parts, smoking, leaking fluid, etc.). A black flag is shown to the car that has to stop. Also known as being

3253:. In drag racing, it refers to the time it takes for a driver to leave the starting line after the green light. This time can mean the difference between a win and loss, especially in closely matched races. 1624:

A fuel tank with a flexible inner liner to minimize the potential for punctures in the event of a collision or other mishap resulting in serious damage to the vehicle. Mandatory in most forms of motorsport.

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The angle at which a track inclines towards the outside of a corner (or from the lower to the higher side of a straight). Also referred to as camber (see below), more commonly when modest or negative (i.e.

5414: 900:, and decide upon suspending a session. If a race director is appointed, the clerk is junior and the race director has ultimate authority; if not, they are often the most senior official at a racing event. 3755:

A tyre with no tread pattern, maximising the amount of rubber in contact with the racing surface. A specialist motor racing application, as in wet weather conditions these tyres have little resistance to

2221:(see below). Sometimes an intermediate is a slick tyre with grooves cut into it. It is used for conditions between fully dry and fully wet, most often when the track is wet but it is not actually raining. 2916:

Fastest lap recorded at a circuit of any category of race car. Most often, this does not include qualifying and practice laps, but confusingly, some sources occasionally include laps not recorded during

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In drag racing, a vehicle with a single-piece body on the chassis, which is lifted off or rear-hinged to allow the driver access to the cabin, or a race class for such cars. May also be referred to as a

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The first grid position, placed closest to the starting line (in Formula One), nearest the inside of the first turn, or both. Usually reserved for the competitor who has recorded the fastest lap during

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to the N, M, L, K, J, I, H, G, F, E, D, C, B, and finally A main. A driver who runs through the alphabet soup is a driver who has advanced from the lowest feature of the day and advanced to the A main.

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In drag racing, when a car's engine or lubrication system breaks during a run, leaving a streak of oil and/or other fluids on the track. This is punishable by fines, point penalties, and/or suspension.

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A sign on a stick used in pit stops, which is held in front of the car and raised when the pit stop is completed. Though the same basic device is utilized in NASCAR and IndyCar, generic terms such as

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A verb commonly used in sprint car and midget car racing to describe the action of one car hitting another car with their right-rear tire, an action that often ends in disaster for the car being hit.

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In a practice lap, to rev the engine as far as possible without changing gears, to allow engine management systems to take lambda readings of the fuel to air ratio across a smooth engine speed range.

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causes the rear tires to smoke profusely. This usually happens off the starting line. When this happens during a race, it usually results in a loss, unless the opponent also loses traction as well.

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A dragster (as distinct from a bodied car). The term is derived from the exposed frame rails of early cars, and as such usually refers to early short-wheelbase cars. May also be referred to as a

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or a stalk connected to the steering column. When activated, the gearbox automatically disengages the clutch, changes gears, and re-engages the clutch without any further input from the driver.

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A helicopter turbine engine or small airplane jet engine mounted on a pickup truck or trailer. The exhaust from the engine is used to blow debris or evaporate moisture from the racing surface.

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The placement of a large fan at the rear of the chassis driven either independently or by the engine with the purpose of creating negative air-pressure underneath the car to create additional

6096: 3404:, the car lands on the roll hoop rather than the driver's helmet. It may also serve as a convenient attachment point for cranes removing stopped cars from dangerous positions on the circuit. 457:

Alternative term for motorsport, largely American, although referring specifically to circuit and oval racing for cars, and excluding sports such as motorcycle racing, rallying and drifting.

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Excessive fuel entering ("flooding") one or more cylinders due to abnormal operating conditions. Being liquid, the fuel cannot be compressed, causing damage to the motor and possibly

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To wreck an engine so violently that internal parts of the engine break through the block and/or bolted-on parts (cylinder heads, oil pan, etc.), blowing up the engine. Distinct from

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In drag racing, if both drivers commit a foul, the driver who commits a foul first loses (unless it is two separate fouls, where the loser is the driver who committed the worse foul).

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vehicle is not located near the nose of the vehicle, so stewards often use video replays to detect where the nose (of a car) or wheel (of a motorcycle) crosses the finish line first.

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is a usually derogatory term for an engine tuned to maximise engine power at the cost of low mechanical reliability, or an engine design that is known for failing on a regular basis.

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have a limit on how long a race can be run (usually two hours), which means that a race may be ended after the time limit expires but before the predetermined number of laps is run.

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Tires which have been used to a limited extent, but are not completely worn out. Scuffs may be put on a car during a pit stop to improve handling. At times, brand new tires may be

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A person responsible for signaling track conditions to drivers (through use of flags), extinguishing fires, removing damaged cars from the track, and sometimes providing emergency

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within the post and the main decision-maker at the event of an incident, who relays information to race control. Can be seen standing in the marshal post. Second to chief marshal.

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powertrain systems used in Formula One since 2014, that recovers energy from the brakes and heat and stores it in batteries, which is then used to boost power. It combines both a

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In drag racing, beating an opponent in a heads-up drag race with a visible distance between the two competitors. Outside of drag racing, the distance in time between two drivers.

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An engine that is supercharged (i.e. a blown engine). Alternatively, an engine that has suffered catastrophic failure, is no longer running, or has sustained irreparable damage.

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In drag racing, timing lights which flash in sequence five tenths of a second between each yellow light before turning green. Traditional form, before introduction of pro tree.

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A failure to qualify or pre-qualify for a race, most often because the driver was too slow to make it into a limited number of grid positions, or was slower than the 107% rule.

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A technique used to reduce understeer. This involves the driver decelerating through a corner to shift the weight of the car from the back to the front, increasing front grip.

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A kerb with angled kerbstones that transmit vibration through any car that passes over, allowing drivers to feel the kerb and discouraging competitors from cutting corners.

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When two vehicles from the same team finish first and second in a race. Can be extended to 1–2–3 or 1–2–3–4, etc. depending on a combination of racing series and team size.

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motorcycle racing, if a caution is called in the final third of the race, three additional laps will be added on the ensuing restart in a green-white-checker style finish.

4486:, because of early motorsport's roots at horse racing tracks, the American term for the place where the winner of a race goes to celebrate victory after winning an event. 4227:

controversy. U.S.-based series (NASCAR, IndyCar, etc.) have rarely used team orders, and the practice is widely frowned upon due to sportsmanship issues and fan backlash.

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A vertical spoiler piece attached across the back of the rear wing that pushes air down, increasing drag and creating a larger slipstream for the car behind. Used in the

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The entire time it generally takes a driver to enter the pit lane, make a full pit stop, and exit the pit area to resume racing at optimum pace. Also referred to as the

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An area at the very end of a drag strip to slow down and stop vehicles that have gone off the track, as a safety measure. It is filled with, as the name implies, sand.

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In drag racing, a slip of paper turned in by the race timer which denotes elapsed time for both drivers, and who won the race; it may also include reaction time and

4392:

In drifting, a Japanese term for tandem passes, where two cars are paired against each other over two passes within a heat, with each driver taking a turn to lead.

2882:

Racing equipment that must be identical for all competitors, usually to cut down on costs or for business purposes by car manufacturers. Known in North America as

2270:

When a driver's reaction time is .007 seconds. A James Bond red is -.007 seconds (a red light foul), resulting in a loss unless the opponent commits a worse foul.

6957: 6795: 5938: 5422: 1974:

the performance of the race vehicle. Another form of handicapping is success ballast, where more successful cars are assessed a weight penalty for every win, and

3534:

A qualified official who examines vehicles prior to a race for compliance with the rules of competition, usually in a scrutineering bay adjacent to the pit lane.

3369:

In NASCAR, a driver who generally competes only on road courses as a substitute for a team's primary driver. Such drivers are no longer used by top teams in the

1327:

is a cornering technique where a car takes a high-speed corner held at an angle without major steering inputs, balancing natural understeer with power oversteer.

4117: 716:

The act of spinning the driven wheels in place to heat the tires up for better traction. It is also used in stock car racing, typically to celebrate a race win.

431:

denotes the various preliminary races drivers will race through to advance to the feature event. Such is named for the heat race format, from the O main at the

52: 2702:

A tag given to the mid-south of England by the Motorsport Industry Association, where a high concentration of activities within the motorsport industry occur.

3637:

A technique used, primarily in motorsport, to regain control of a car through a high speed corner. Involves the driver shifting up a gear earlier than usual.

2716:. Named for their size (around 500 cubic inches (8.2 L), the limit in some sanctioning bodies), and for sometimes being constructed in the mountains of 1869:

The optimal path around the track for the lowest lap time. In drag racing, it refers to the center portion of the lane, where cars can gain traction quicker.

2631:. Some racing series use this flag to indicate the car being flagged is no longer being scored, due to ignoring orders to pit because of a rules infraction. 1887:

using the shape of a car's body, notably by shaping the underbody to speed up airflow between it and the ground and effectively turn the entire car into an

5756: 2089:

A series of practice laps, common on oval tracks, before heat races. Used to help drivers with their cars and improve the track's condition before racing.

797:, welded grid fencing, and/or cables used to slow or stop out-of-control cars and prevent debris from hitting the crowd. They are common on short tracks, 6139: 4662:, except that in motor racing applications, the wing is inverted to create downforce instead of lift, pressing the car onto the road surface to increase 1006: 332:

has a 115% rule, mainly for performance on track, though IndyCar and NASCAR often adjust the threshold for tracks with very abrasive surfaces (such as

7061: 7056: 4597:

In drag racing, struts fixed to the rear of the car which protrude rearward to prevent a car's front from raising too high or flipping over on launch.

4233:

A management position within many series responsible for overall management of the team, including its drivers, production, strategy, and operations.

2941:

Cornering behaviour where the rear wheels do not track behind the front wheels, but instead move out toward the outside of the turn. The opposite of

7031: 6286: 3724: 3596:

A qualifying race before the main event, where non-qualified cars compete for a predetermined number of spots in the main event. Some races have a

3526:

in which the rider transfer their weight to the bike sideways at the face of the jump for a lower trajectory which decreases time spent in the air.

3509:, or external shield surrounding a bell housing, designed to contain metal fragments in the event of clutch, flywheel, and/or transmission failure. 2183:

A competitor (team or driver) taking part with very little backing from a manufacturer or none at all. They have their own championship within the

6962: 6813: 2530:

a piece of bodywork of a racing car which is required by the technical regulations that does not have a function essential to the car's function.

1562:, "packaged" coverage, or highlights of the first portion of the race before broadcasting the final portion of the race live. Derives from green 6369: 3472:

A car that limits the speed of competing cars on a racetrack in the case of an accident or caution periods caused by obstruction/s on the track.

2347:

A device which recovers energy when brakes are applied and stores it until required to add power. In 2008 KERS systems started to appear in the

1186:

when it moves at speed, which can cause aerodynamic difficulties for a car following closely behind, such as reduced downforce. The opposite of

6836: 3040:

A driver who pays for their race seat rather than receiving a salary from the team. Generally has a negative connotation. Sometimes known as a

345: 4927: 3400:

A looped bar protruding above and behind the driver's helmet in open-wheel and prototype sports racing cars, placed so that in the event of a

6846: 5857: 5517: 5092: 4539:

A racing tyre with deep grooves designed to displace standing water, allowing the tyre to obtain grip in conditions where dry weather tyres (

4064:

A method used to level performance between competitors by adding weight to cars that win races or are successful. Sometimes referred to as a

1025:. Often, curbs are harder and more treacherous to run across than the softer cushions, and can easily flip improperly approaching cars over. 6689: 6104: 4419:

Cornering behaviour where the front wheels do not follow the steered course, but instead push out toward the outside of the turn. Known as

4239:

Thin plastic sheets layered over a driver's visor or windshield for visibility. Drivers (or pit crews) tear one off after it becomes dirty.

3147:

Where a category races multiple times at a meeting, the starting order for the grid is decided by the finishing order of the previous race.

99: 4267:, the boat's second occupant who works alongside the driver, whose role is to steer the boat. The throttleman's position is to adjust the 1196:

A shallow-angle turn or kink on a racing circuit, usually associated with road courses, but also present on oval tracks (an example being

5109: 4361:

An electronic system that regulates power supplied to the driven wheels to prevent wheelspin. It is banned in many forms of motor racing.

1806: 71: 6883: 6826: 5154: 4793: 1002: 738: 605:

is deposited for cars to perform burnouts at the start of most drag races. Gasoline (since discontinued for safety reasons), water, and

518:

A slower car, usually in the process of being lapped by the leaders. It is also used to describe teams that consistently perform poorly.

3649:

In drag racing, the 440-yard (400 m) stretch from the finish line to the sand trap, where cars decelerate and exit the drag strip.

3373:

due to competition changes in the 21st century, but are still frequently used by lower-tier Cup teams and teams in other NASCAR series.

6788: 4125: 1152:

A driver who attended but did not attempt to compete in a race, even though they may have competed in practice sessions or qualifying.

5547: 4446:

car, usually mandated by series organisers in an attempt to limit vehicle performance. Also refers to flat surfaces extending behind

892:

The official responsible for all on-track activities, including demonstrations and parades. They oversee track conditions, supervise

6974: 6910: 6634: 5490: 5019: 4886: 3720:

In truck and tractor pulling, an implement pulled behind the machine whose friction with the ground must be overcome by the machine.

2297: 2127: 409:

strategically mounted to the frame near the wheels of a racing car, which project downwards to lift the car off the ground during a

118: 78: 6553: 2434:

Fuel to air ratio readings, used to determine how much fuel is pushed through the fuel injectors into the cylinders for combustion.

858:

The cone (or painted chevron) at which drivers have to pick if they want to take inside or outside in oval racing during a restart.

6612: 2865: 6981: 6898: 4739: 4343:

The part of an engine's power curve at higher engine speeds; in drag racing, the end of the drag strip where the finish line is.

2142:, used at certain tracks where teams are not allowed to work on cars between qualifying and the beginning of the race. See also 7135: 5635: 4004:

In stock car racing, the difference in circumference between the left and right tires, used to improve handling on oval tracks.

3153:

In drag racing, timing lights which flash all three yellow lights simultaneously, and turn green after four tenths of a second.

5811: 4033:

The adjudicator or referee at a race meeting who interprets incidents and decides whether penalties or fines should be issued.

2365:

In drag racing, refers to a turbo kit or a nitrous kit. Using nitrous oxide in professional drag racing categories is illegal.

1959:

A driver crash protection structure used in open-wheel racing series, which consists of a curved bar around the driver's head.

85: 7041: 6986: 6758: 6454: 6352: 6044: 2236: 2184: 1985: 1813: 1450: 866:

The series of lights in drag racing that signal the approach and start of a race, in addition to showing starting violations.

570: 56: 5684: 5374: 4373:

In drag racing, speed as measured by the speed trap near the finish line, indicative of the maximum speed reached on a pass.

3931:

to improve airflow around the nose of the car, and sometimes create front downforce to aid in steering. It is prominent on

2927:, but usable there when fresh tyres are not at the best operating temperature and take time to warm up. The opposite of an 2296:

events, each vehicle must run a lap with a detour once during each single race. In events overseen by the FIA, such as the

1265:

effect. Downforce allows a vehicle to travel faster through corners at the cost of a reduced top speed on straights due to

7140: 7114: 7046: 6781: 6187: 6161: 5786: 4309: 3979: 987: 939: 4828: 3872:

A closed-off section of road or track, used for timed runs in rallying. A rally is made up of a number of special stages.

710:

A move with origins in stock car racing, where a trailing car intentionally bumps the car in front in an attempt to pass.

67: 7001: 6996: 6952: 6920: 6863: 6768: 4511:

is the nickname of the trophy that is earned by the winner of an event. The nickname refers to the founder of the NHRA,

3542: 2794: 2766: 1532:

A driver or team usually slower than the majority of the field that only participates if there are open spots. See also

5899: 5256: 1996:

A safety item compulsory in many auto racing series. It reduces the likelihood of head and/or neck injuries, such as a

1610:

A type of racing, generally open-wheeled, where the conditions of technical entry comply with strict rules or formulae.

1520:

Fastest time in which a lap was completed by a driver during a race. Sometimes rewarded with bonus championship points.

698:

below). Grounds for disqualification if opponent does not commit a foul start or cross boundary lines. Also known as a

7101: 6947: 6733: 6374: 5486: 4845: 3565: 2310: 6711: 5731: 2600:

Pieces of rubber from tires that accumulate on the racing surface outside of the racing line, that are slippery like

2173:

A marshal who is in charge of other marshals on the track, allocating duties to them. Second in rank to observer. In

1439:

Removed from competition before the race has started, generally due to an infringement during practice or qualifying.

6319: 4640:

technique in which the rider pitches their bike sideways and repositions themselves for the landing whilst airborne.

4494:

A lap, after the conclusion of the race, where the winning racer drives at reduced speed to celebrate their victory.

4367:

In drag racing, the 20-metre (66 ft) timing lights at the top end of the drag strip to measure speed & E.T.

3442:

An area off the track put aside for vehicles to leave the track without causing an accident in case of an emergency.

3260:

series. When appointed, they hold the responsibility of deploying the safety car and starting and stopping sessions.

846:

An artificial corner or set of corners added to the natural course of a track to slow cars or create a passing zone.

7051: 6905: 6893: 6851: 5573: 2654: 1857: 1052: 705: 5991: 4116:

A large-radius medium- or high-speed corner on a circuit. Examples of sweepers include the Rabbit's Ear corner at

1584:

A lap, usually in qualifying, started by a competitor at optimum speed, as opposed to a lap from a standing start.

997:

on down. Crate motors are implemented to limit costs and ensure that the entire field has the same equipment. The

45: 7011: 7006: 6915: 6831: 6125:

The bellhousing scattershield's invention is credited to Vic King and Pete Wolley for their X/Gas digger in 1959.

6072: 4876: 4264: 4039:

Brand new tires put on a race car. Nicknamed "sticker tires" because the manufacturer's labels are still visible.

2051: 1476:

A racing team or driver that competes with official sanction and financial support from a manufacturer. See also

922:, a co-driver directs the driver through the course by reading navigational instructions from the road book, and 5760: 4684:

A motor racing team supported by a vehicle manufacturer, usually run in-house at the manufacturer's premises. A

4441:

racing cars. Theory has varied along with aerodynamic developments and regulations, from the sidepod tunnels of

2910:

The first lap to be completed after exiting the pit lane, either during a race or during practice or qualifying.

1204:

is also referred to as a "double dogleg". Some tracks classify the dogleg as a numbered turn while others do not

1015:

Two curled up flags held out in the form of a cross that signal the halfway mark in many American racing series.

7081: 7076: 7036: 5782: 5577: 4224: 3867: 3459: 2459:

is the fastest race lap ever recorded at any particular circuit, regardless of category of vehicle being raced.

2348: 2096: 2067:

In drag racing, good traction between the tires and the track, resulting in increased acceleration and reduced

1320: 556: 4993: 4298:

A competition which involves cars running around the circuit one at a time in pursuit of the fastest lap time.

3882:

maneuver which a driver may perform to turn themselves around in a tight space without using the reverse gear.

3015:

A lap before a motorsport race begins, where the drivers go around the track at a slow speed, also known as a

1364:

A meeting where drivers and officials meet before a race to discuss the upcoming event. Also referred to as a

2673:

drops back a row during a pace lap (leaving the front row empty) to salute a deceased motorsport personality.

7026: 6878: 6868: 6841: 5044: 4356: 3793: 2954: 2815:

A driver who was racing at the end of the race, but did not complete the required distance to be classified.

2304:

must be at least two seconds slower; therefore, the alternative route makes the lap longer. In the American

1760: 1446: 1272: 1021:

A dirt oval cushion (see below) that has formed into a harder dirt ledge with a similar shape to a sidewalk

574: 380: 3305:

A driver who fills in for another driver in case of injury, or during a race because of exhaustion or pain.

1855:

of a race car by the friction component of the tire, the mass of the machine and the downforce generated.:

7096: 7066: 7021: 5286: 4663: 4247:

A device used by sanctioning body officials to check the shape and dimensions of parts of racing vehicles.

3136: 2274: 1997: 1852: 1800: 333: 92: 6639: 6429: 5181: 5139: 6935: 6296: 6259: 5260: 4376: 4304:

Instead of running a predetermined number of laps, a race runs for a predetermined amount of time (i.e.

4184: 3955: 3919: 3903: 3777: 2664: 2144: 1314: 1294: 4579:

A wheel cover designed to distribute airflow to the brakes, assisting with cooling. Saw common use in

4555:

In drag racing, when a car violently shakes as the tires lose and regain traction in quick succession.

3960:

A person, positioned high above the circuit, who communicates what happens on the track to the driver.

1172:(a drag car with a doorless single-piece body) or other bodied dragster. May also be referred to as a 838:

In off-road racing, a non-competitive vehicle that follows a competing vehicle to assist with repairs.

6379: 5204: 3946: 3940: 3475: 3173:

A makeshift puke can. Though some form of puke can is mandatory, this type is illegal at some tracks.

3051: 1952: 1878: 1841:

The starting formation of a race, generally in rows of two for cars and three or four for bikes. The

1112:

Denotes a driver who was entered for a race but did not attend the circuit. Sometimes referred to as

432: 3451: 3079:

were also used to instruct drivers to pit for fuel and/or tires, or to comply with rules violations.

413:

to allow for quick tire changes or provide mechanics access to the underside of the car for repairs.

7071: 6969: 6930: 6925: 6873: 4965: 4935: 4305: 4121: 3496: 3420:

An active aerodynamic element designed to keep a car on the ground when it is traveling in reverse.

2784: 2730:

A humorous term or phrase originally uttered during a broadcast, by and named in honour of veteran

2648: 2496: 965:

Where series organisers specify that all competitors in the race must use an identical part; as in

887: 869: 6291: 5525: 2995:

An enclosure at a track used by team support personnel and vehicles, and other officials and VIPs.

816:

to capture liquids, like water and oil, that would otherwise drop onto the track. Also known as a

7086: 6583: 6501: 6232: 4323: 3924: 3879: 3780:, named for the driving position behind the rear wheels (erroneously attributed to launch speed). 3579: 3455: 3434:

In off-road racing, the act of accelerating quickly in a corner to kick up dirt, dust, and rocks.

3364: 3236:

In drag racing, the quickest eight cars in a defined race. Rules can differ per location or race.

3141:

A competitor not directly supported by a sponsor or manufacturer, being privately funded instead.

3121: 3101:

Where the team owners and managers sit to observe the race, opposite the garages in the pit lane.

2829: 2607: 2440:

A non-competitive lap taken before or after the race by a driver in celebration. Also known as a

1704: 1225: 998: 935: 893: 794: 406: 5462: 4467: 3695:

The process of cutting fine grooves into a tire to improve traction and thermal characteristics.

3600:

where the top finishers qualify for the B-main. At those events, the main event is known as the

2113:

it. Most common in drag racing. May also happen if a motor ingests water through the air intake.

384:

Drivers race on the apron at Chicagoland Speedway (the area between the white and yellow lines).

4405:

Making an earlier pit stop in an attempt to gain time on other competitors. The opposite of an

4210:

term for individual passes where drivers are observed by judges in an attempt for the top spot.

3894: 3741: 1616:

When drivers or riders learn the circuit and teams experiment with race settings for the track.

1378:

On a drying circuit, the racing line that becomes dry first as the cars displace water from it.

7091: 6942: 6888: 6535: 6348: 5853: 5117: 5088: 5020:"Stock Eliminator Racers Throw The Kitchen Sink At Epic Heads-Up Final At The U.S. Nationals!" 4882: 4857: 4567: 4278:

In drag racing, to lose the drive belt connecting the engine's crankshaft to the supercharger.

4242: 4207: 4147: 4107: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3767: 3517: 3370: 3324: 3320: 3162: 2472: 2305: 2232: 2228: 2030: 1734: 1348: 1201: 931: 770: 424: 420: 17: 6527: 6991: 5815: 5790: 3841: 3571: 3401: 3156: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2468: 2462: 2414: 2006:

In drag racing, where both drivers leave at the same time; used in all professional classes.

1842: 1656: 1575: 566: 562: 6478: 4549:

When the wheels of two different race cars slightly collide during an overtaking manoeuvre.

930:, the co-driver is also permitted to drive the car. The term is also used in long-distance 926:

on special stages which describe the turns and obstacles ahead. Also historically called a

765: 5551: 5378: 4832: 4606: 4601: 4471: 3936: 3690: 2425:

drivers, who are climbing an apprenticeship "ladder" towards entry into the senior series.

1559: 1197: 6402: 3412:

A starting method where moving cars start a race after the starter displays a green flag.

2516:

In rallying, a leg is usually each day of the event. A leg can be further broken up into

1323:

their cars while maintaining vehicle control and a high exit speed. In motor racing, the

371:, the time taken for a vehicle to travel the first 60 feet (18 m) of the drag strip. 6661: 6557: 5665: 4960:"Lewis Hamilton warns that F1 backmarkers could cause 'a disaster' at Monaco Grand Prix" 4559: 3169: 651:

Flipping of a car or boat, due to excessive air under the chassis or hull, respectively.

6407: 5159: 4563: 4349:

In drag racing, struts fixed to the driven axle to keep it from twisting, which causes

4156: 4021: 4013: 3802:

created by the lead car to close the gap between them or overtake. Also referred to as

3632: 3489: 2887: 2852: 2721: 2325:, when a vehicle moves from its grid slot before the start of a race is signaled. In a 2321: 2205:

A lap which can take place in practice or qualifying, intended simply to gain data and

1605: 1509: 1471: 1278: 1266: 1183: 1159: 1123: 861: 798: 730: 689: 358: 325: 6018: 2538:

The paint and/or decals applied to a vehicle to mark its sponsorship or team identity.

2375:, or for a material applied to the track surface to clean up a fluid leakage or spill. 1492:, referring to racing teams run directly from the factory of the vehicle manufacturer. 7129: 5113: 4089: 4082: 3407: 3296: 3104: 3022: 2869: 2735: 2670: 2327: 2061:

formula. This was done to allow a car to be raced in multiple series with no changes.

2043: 1457:(MGU-K), and a system recovering heat from the turbocharger, officially known as the 1277:

A technique where multiple vehicles align end to end, reducing the overall effect of

1236:(see below), which have a lightweight single-piece body draped over a racing chassis. 1211: 1096: 1032:

builds into a short mound that cars will lean on in order to gain speed and momentum.

910:

taken into a corner to block the car behind from overtaking along the preferred line.

636: 606: 401: 5643: 5321: 3970:

A single-car event against the clock. Can be held over a stretch of road similar to

2245:

The portion of the field which becomes ordered by reverse qualifying speed. With an

6049: 5819: 5639: 4524: 4171: 3971: 3928: 3653: 3607: 3506: 3437: 3423: 3377: 2642: 2634: 2601: 2174: 2102: 1962: 1944: 1830: 1779: 1714: 1700: 1505: 1399: 1338:

drive-through penalty, they are not allowed to stop anywhere in the pits. See also

1262: 1228:, that still have functional doors for driver access to the vehicle, as opposed to 777: 719: 658: 632: 628: 543: 4902: 1394: 449:

An area of asphalt or concrete that separates the racing surface from the infield.

5371: 2682:

Disparaging slang for a competitor noticeably slower than the front-running pace.

512:, referring to distance from the 1/8-mile mark to the 1/4-mile mark of the track. 6237: 5874: 4658:

An aerodynamic device on many racing cars. The principle is the same as with an

4512: 4489: 4293: 4220: 4213: 3975: 3757: 3575: 3559: 3263: 2959: 2924: 2891: 2877: 2858: 2769:, one of two sanctioning bodies in drag racing located within the United States. 2731: 2713: 2623: 2352: 1991: 1902: 1894: 1773: 1720: 1693: 1515: 907: 509: 460: 452: 438: 368: 320: 34: 5390: 2023:- used to describe a dirt-oval trackstate in which the surface is wet and fast. 1648:

When yellow flags are deployed at every flag point around a race circuit and a

6097:"Horse Racing Tips & Results - Football Scores & News - Sporting Life" 4825: 4679: 4459: 4414: 3799: 3750: 3684: 3658: 3587: 3529: 3467: 3035: 3010: 2895: 2857:

A specific type of racing car whose wheels are not enclosed by bodywork, e.g.

2685: 2293: 2264: 1906: 1784: 1708: 1282: 994: 897: 880:

Air that has not been affected by turbulence from other cars. The opposite of

314: 134: 6539: 5964: 4861: 4794:"IndyCar officials rule no extra boost for Lotus on race day at Indianapolis" 443:

The part of a corner where the racing line is nearest the inside of the bend.

5942: 5878: 5264: 4771: 4637: 4630:

In drag racing, a severe wheelie where the car is pitched nearly vertically.

4618: 4518: 4313: 3813: 3612:

A set of adjustments made to the vehicle in order to optimize its behaviour.

3523: 3480:

To gain a competitive advantage by deliberately underperforming at an event.

3415: 3395: 3386: 2978: 2936: 2717: 2613: 2206: 2068: 2058: 1939: 1884: 1724: 1667: 1660: 1639: 1619: 1501: 1353: 1256: 1164: 923: 913: 6734:"How To Whip It with Kris Keefer - Pro Riding Secret - Dirt Rider Magazine" 5995: 5494: 5346: 3558:

A section of one complete lap of the circuit, used for timing purposes. In

3361:

on the edge of a track painted in alternating colours, often red and white.

2809:

In drag racing, refers to the use of a nitrous oxide system to boost power.

2708:

A mainly North American term for large-displacement engines, often used in

1261:

Increased grip created by the aerodynamics of a vehicle via an upside-down

4672:

A suspension control arm with three points, shaped roughly like a chicken

631:; in the 1990s, these were generally labelled as "power adders" alongside 6763: 4803: 4798: 4712: 4610: 4591:

When a vehicle's front wheel(s) leave the ground under hard acceleration.

4268: 3978:. The term may also refer to relatively short races, to distinguish from 3889: 3583: 3292: 3090: 3082: 2984: 2628: 2036: 1916: 1635: 1631: 919: 410: 6579: 6209: 6184:"Backmarker: Breaking Down the "Bubba Scrub" - Motorcycle USA" 2588: 2384: 2371:

Informal term with two possible meanings. It is either a nickname for a

1409:

A sequence of alternating turns on a road course, resembling the letter

6773: 5231:"NASCAR may throw competition caution to address tire concerns at Indy" 4673: 4659: 4586: 4580: 4135: 3050:

In drag racing, working the throttle to avoid wheelspin or as a way to

2990: 2923:

Delaying a pit stop to gain time on competitors. Rarely seen in modern

2804: 2709: 2677: 2658: 2476: 1888: 1793:

A paved race course that is clean from rubber buildup, oil and grease,

1737:, typically refers to a driver who is not a professional racing driver. 1495: 1305: 841: 813: 749: 746: 672: 5045:"Check out this detailed guide to the Red Bull Ring by Jehan Daruvala" 1759:

To qualify on pole, set the fastest lap, win, and lead every lap of a

1214:-powered car using nitrous or propane injection. Commonly used in the 6287:"Dirt Car Setup Tips Real-World Tips From Practice To The Main Event" 5939:"Funniest ever Murrayisms: A tribute to the marvellous Murray Walker" 5602: 4574: 4018:

A starting method where the race vehicles are stationary on the grid.

3932: 3586:

are usually equipped with a more conventional centre console-mounted

2798: 2754: 2533: 2428: 1578:

being the first major 500-mile race with live, flag-to-flag coverage.

1429:. This is an official document used for timekeeping. Also known as a 726: 602: 329: 6136:"Motocross: How To Do The "Bubba Scrub", With James "Bubba" Stewart" 4881:. illustrated by Troy Paiva. MotorBooks International. p. 242. 4856:(4). Photos by John B. Carnett. Times Mirror Magazines: 88–92, 101. 1967:

A tight, approximately 180-degree corner that twists back on itself.

1508:

Formula One car, although the concept was actually pioneered by the

1419:

In drag racing, the total time a run has taken from start to finish.

1372:, as in some series, the driver(s) and their crew chief must attend. 4583:, in IndyCar until banned in 1993, and in F1 between 2006 and 2009. 3892:

which only involves refueling the car, often less than a full tank.

3095:

Stopping in the pit lane for repairs, refuelling, and/or new tires.

6210:"General Guidelines on Siping & Grooving Hoosier Sprint Tires" 4600: 4558: 4466: 4458: 4162:

crash into another car in such a fashion; the victim is "T-boned".

4146: 3893: 3740: 3723: 3652: 3450: 3376: 3168: 3087:

A lane, adjacent to the race track, where the garages are located.

2953: 2904:

To gain time or position by braking harder and deeper in a corner.

2864: 2587: 2408: 2383: 2273: 1938: 1856: 1655: 1504:

for increased cornering speed. Usually refers specifically to the

1393: 1347: 1304: 1215: 1051: 764: 379: 336:) where lap times can be considerably faster with less worn tires. 5436: 5287:"65th season of the United Racing Company is quickly approaching" 6686:"Motocross Skills: How to Whip a motocross bike - Moto Magazine" 6505: 6022: 4088:

moonlighting drivers from the main event. It is analogous to an

4069: 3974:, or may be held over one or more laps of a circuit, similar to 3358: 3203: 2492: 2341: 2251: 1319:

Drifting is a form of motorsport in which drivers intentionally

1022: 546:

controlling the pre-stage and stage lights at the starting line.

6777: 6635:"Wind Cheaters - 11 ways F1 teams increase top speed (UPDATED)" 5732:"Cadillac Project GTP Hypercar Looks Like Batman's Le Mans Car" 4734: 4732: 3546:

before a race by practicing in them for a lap or two. See also

3319:

category races several times over the course of a meeting. In

3220:

The process of deciding the starting order of a race. See also

2793:, referring to the first nationwide NHRA drag race held at the 2209:

for the driver or team, rather than setting a competitive time.

6455:"Melbourne track and DRS tweaks could make cars 'quite loose'" 1875:

The process of cutting grooves into a tire to adjust traction.

1747:

When small grains of rubber start coming off a tyre. See also

1602:

The lap cars make before forming up on the grid for the start.

28: 6263: 4257:

Refers to when a vehicle is driven to its absolute potential.

141: 3848:(a loose abbreviation of "training"). Also referred to as a 3165:

that does not noticeably resemble a standard production car.

722:/ claim jumper (2008–14) / signal pirate (2015–) / Cup leech 4740:"NASCAR – Gordon questions 'field filler' role after shunt" 3570:

A specialized motorsport application, created initially by

2744:

An unknown condition caution in the closing laps of a race.

1385:

often set to be very difficult if not impossible to attain.

1064:

Applying the brakes later than normal when entering a turn.

6262:. Lake Country Antique Tractor Association. Archived from 5666:"Le Mans car fetches record £843,000 at Weybridge auction" 4934:. NASCAR Media Group, LLC. August 17, 2010. Archived from 2759:

Acronym for National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing.

565:

involving up to 30 cars. The term is largely reserved for

5685:"New McLaren Solus GT – 5.2-litre V10 track car revealed" 1703:

to describe the new wave of British racing cars (such as

1574:(finish). Instituted largely in the late 1970s, with the 1410: 1005:

have an optional 396 cu in (6.49 L) crate

5900:"How did the UK become the centre of global motorsport?" 1988:

to slow cars down and improve passing on superspeedways.

536:

In drag racing, a perfect reaction time of .000 seconds.

6320:"Top Drivers Weigh in on the Ethics of the 'Slide Job'" 4767:"Jeff Gordon says NASCAR should rethink minimum speeds" 4072:

bars is most popular in applying the additional weight.

3126:

A victory lap run by a winner in the reverse direction.

692:, a run quicker than the projected "dial-in" time (see 5155:"On Dirt Roads of Mexico, Racers' Toughness Is Tested" 4423:

in NASCAR and other stock car racing. The opposite of

1845:

traditionally has a unique grid of three cars per row.

1799:, and debris, typically cleansed by means of a recent 1652:(see below) leads the field until a hazard is cleared. 1039:

customer cars are standard, while the opposite is the

896:

and emergency services, control the deployment of the

5875:"Britain's Motorsport Valley – the home of Formula 1" 5548:"Valvoline Raceway - Ultimate Sprintcar Championship" 5437:"Understanding Grip - Driver's Uni Video Tutorial #4" 4605:

The wheelie bar (foreground) and parachute (gray) on

3812:

A term used mostly in drag racing, referring to when

3114:. A competitor who starts a race there is said to be 2355:

followed soon after; its application is limited to a

2177:

events, they are responsible for radio communication.

1043:, which is the works cars built by a chassis builder. 5812:"Jason Sides Wins Back to Back in an Emotional Week" 4177:

front of the car. This is more often referred to as

3643:

A collision, usually involving side-to-side contact.

2890:' spec engine, or the entire car can be spec, as in 2641:

deemed poorly designed, it can be referred to as a "

609:

are also used; most organisations only permit water.

3923:, an aerodynamic device placed on the nose of some 3798:When a car following close behind another uses the 1224:A drag racing term used to group vehicles, usually 59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6017:Reid, Caroline; Sylt, Christian (5 January 2011). 5574:"Speedway is 'inverting' to multiply fun for fans" 4958: 3990:High-powered racing cars generally raced on short 3737:giving the track surface a noticeably black shade. 2467:A phrase used by the general public to describe a 1554:Television or radio coverage that consists of the 5709:"Toyota reveals new Le Mans car as Peugeot quits" 4322:Road car-derived vehicles with a roof, mainly in 942:), where multiple drivers share the same vehicle. 6605:"Race Engine Technology: Formula One Technology" 6045:"'My Polish Victory lap,' in honour of Kulwicki" 3661:Formula 1 car with the right sidepod highlighted 3268:The fastest, most optimal path around a circuit. 2187:, where there is a strong manufacturer presence. 1922:usually acquiries a time penalty. Also known as 4878:Ultimate Hot Rod Dictionary: A-Bombs to Zoomies 4197: 6502:"Tear-offs add new layer to windshield safety" 5986: 5984: 5850:The Official ITV Sport Formula One Annual 2008 5757:"MotoGP reveals details of 'Long Lap Penalty'" 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5085:The Official ITV Sport Formula One Annual 2008 4433:Flat or stepped flat surface on the bottom of 4383: 4191: 2475:or its predecessors and successors (including 6789: 6534:. Vol. 172, no. 7. pp. 50–53. 5924:According to IHRA Executive VP Ted Jones, in 5843: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 1711:) challenging his team with a smaller budget. 1558:race start-to-finish rather than highlights, 138:, along with explanations of their meanings. 8: 2495:), regardless of whether it is competing at 6233:"Slicing For Speed - Circle Track Magazine" 5257:"The ASA Late Model Series Road to Success" 4826:http://www.bonneville200mph.org/bylaws.html 3728:Late model stock cars on a slick dirt track 3562:, each circuit is split into three sectors. 2987:, notes that describe the course in detail. 6796: 6782: 6774: 4688:is a driver who drives for the works team. 4124:, and the 200R corner and Dunlop Curve at 4099:five-minute-penalty for each missed stage. 6479:"Q&A with Spyker's Christijan Albers" 4045:A part of the race between two pit stops. 1099:resisting exhaust flow through the turbo. 119:Learn how and when to remove this message 4846:"Bonneville Salt Flats: Quest for Speed" 2886:, specific parts can be spec, as in the 5203:Blackstock, Elizabeth (8 August 2020). 4994:"Every 1990s F1 backmarker team ranked" 4728: 955: 745:references current second-tier sponsor 737:was a reference to second-tier sponsor 344:A lifetime "membership" awarded by the 5415:"Formula One Dances Out of the Groove" 5205:"NASCAR's Choose Cone Rule, Explained" 4120:, the area between Turns 10 and 11 at 6430:"Big Willow – Willow Springs Raceway" 5818:driver. June 27, 2006. Archived from 4048:stop-go penalty / stop and go penalty 1723:running on gasoline, from before the 1281:due to exploiting the lead vehicle's 7: 6688:. motomagazine.co.uk. Archived from 6345:The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring 6186:. motorcycle-usa.com. Archived from 5994:. Pete's Racing Site. Archived from 5852:. Granada Ventures. pp. 54–55. 5307:Emmons, Don, "R&C Modelrama" in 3827:the G, F, and further, for example). 2215:A tire with lighter grooving than a 1303:cars less susceptible to dirty air. 57:adding citations to reliable sources 6231:Huneycutt, Jeff (October 1, 2007). 6073:"Winton announces track renovation" 5873:Barretto, Lawrence (26 June 2013). 5605:. February 27, 2010. Archived from 5263:. February 14, 2009. Archived from 3898:Splitter (in white) on a NASCAR car 2657:used in a race car (inherited from 2278:Jet dryer mounted on a pickup truck 1992:HANS (head and neck support) device 1003:NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series 290: 6958:Australian and New Zealand punting 6370:"Racing Suspension - Tire Stagger" 6347:. Macquarie Library. p. 453. 5153:Sigal, Peter (November 23, 2006). 5087:. Granada Ventures. pp. 6–7. 4450:in sedan and GT based racing cars. 1634:or in a "fuel" class (most often, 1182:The disrupted air left in a car's 1138:/ did not pre-qualify (DNQ / DNPQ) 874:Fastest recorded lap at a circuit. 661:containing nitrous. Also called a 25: 6764:World Rally Championship glossary 6043:Tracy, Brian (17 February 2008). 5522:OneDirt - The Dirt Track Magazine 5516:Shelton, Ben (21 December 2017). 5491:International Hot Rod Association 5419:Bridgestonemotorsport on F1 tires 4353:(see below) and loss of traction. 4168:Alternative term for a spare car. 3593:semi-feature / B-main / qualifier 3312:accelerating back to race speeds. 2298:FIA World Rallycross Championship 2128:International Hot Rod Association 5759:. motorsport.com. Archived from 5683:Gallagher, Stuart (2022-08-19). 5108:Crossman, Matt (April 1, 2007). 3458:safety car leads the field in a 2801:, called simply "the Nationals". 2344:(kinetic energy recovery system) 1630:In drag racing, any car running 1453:(KERS), known officially as the 133:glossary of terminology used in 33: 6814:Sports terms named after people 5518:"Lowe Lands CVR House Car Ride" 4992:Straw, Edd (25 December 2021). 4973:from the original on 2022-01-12 4746:. Crash Media Group. March 2004 3939:, as well as second-generation 3885:splash and dash / splash and go 3844:, it is traditionally called a 3618:The first test of a new vehicle 1526:The competing cars in an event. 756:used as a sponsor-neutral term. 285: 44:needs additional citations for 6368:Gibson, John (February 2009). 6162:"Tuesday Tip: The Bubba Scrub" 6071:O'Brien, Connor (2020-01-28). 6019:"The return of the pay driver" 5140:"Go Kart Catch Cans and Tanks" 3333:An early term for a co-driver. 2828:The highest ranking trackside 2313:, to increase the competition. 2254:roll happens after qualifying. 2237:Grand Annual Sprintcar Classic 2185:World Touring Car Championship 1814:British Superbike Championship 1455:motor generator unit – kinetic 1451:kinetic energy recovery system 601:In drag racing, an area where 68:"Glossary of motorsport terms" 18:List of motorsport terminology 1: 6500:Siska, Ellen (3 April 2008). 6401:Zeller, Bob (February 2009). 6318:Allen, Richard (2017-04-12). 6285:Bolles, Bob (April 1, 2004). 5755:Klein, Jamie (1 March 2019). 5233:. Scene Daily. Archived from 5229:Gluck, Jeff (July 27, 2008). 5110:"The art of the bump and run" 2524:consist of repeated sections. 2227:In Australia and New Zealand 1787:" for its visual resemblance. 1370:driver and crew chief meeting 6434:www.willowspringsraceway.com 5730:Miller, Caleb (2022-06-09). 5572:Wolf, Jeff (July 16, 1999). 5461:Hatton, Gemma (2020-01-02). 5421:. 2008-10-24. Archived from 4765:Ryan, Nate (July 14, 2014). 4566:performing a wheelie in his 2795:Great Bend Municipal Airport 2789:Most NHRA events are called 2767:National Hot Rod Association 2170:incident officer (IO or I/O) 2126:An acronym referring to the 1442:ERS (energy recovery system) 427:, and on many short tracks, 357:for records taking place at 6963:North American horse racing 6666:www.formula1-dictionary.net 6633:Collins, Sam (2013-09-06). 6138:. maxim.com. Archived from 5395:www.formula1-dictionary.net 5184:. Project for Public Spaces 5018:Wolf, Andrew (2019-09-04). 4907:www.formula1-dictionary.net 4198: 2592:A marshal waving a red flag 2029:the last practice before a 1861:Crew members grooving tires 1699:A disparaging term used by 1488:A more specific version of 1459:motor generator unit – heat 769:Catch fence at an American 7157: 6714:. motocross.transworld.net 6526:Skorupa, Joe (July 1995). 6164:. motocross.transworld.net 5322:"The Return of the Enzo's" 4928:"Glossary of Racing Terms" 4875:Jeff Breitenstein (2004). 4312:, although series such as 2655:internal combustion engine 2000:, in the event of a crash. 1807:green-white-checker finish 1352:Drivers' meeting before a 7110: 6847:Australian rules football 6822: 6809: 6453:Straw, Edd (2022-04-07). 6375:Stock Car Racing magazine 4957:Cary, Tom (10 May 2010). 4844:Dan McCosh (April 1993). 4536:wet (or wet-weather) tyre 4384: 4265:offshore powerboat racing 4192: 2095:A chassis manufacturer's 1756:grand chelem / grand slam 903:closing/shutting the door 812:A receptacle placed in a 801:, and permanent circuits. 668:bottoming / bottoming out 6556:. NASCAR. Archived from 5578:Las Vegas Review-Journal 4225:2002 Austrian Grand Prix 4223:as a consequence of the 3908:Also referred to as the 3460:NASCAR Nationwide Series 2413:A unique livery used by 2349:World Rally Championship 2097:research and development 1426: 823:caution / caution period 561:A large pileup during a 7062:Skiing and snowboarding 7057:Skiing and snowboarding 6580:"F1 technical glossary" 5848:Clayton, David (2007). 5787:"F1 Drivers Knock Indy" 5083:Clayton, David (2007). 4523:A device attached to a 4474:celebrating victory lap 2471:racing car, commonly a 1905:driver and constructor 671:When the bottom of the 7136:Motorsport terminology 7032:Professional wrestling 5493:(IHRA). Archived from 4648: 4624:producing white smoke. 4614: 4570: 4475: 4464: 4407: 4286: 4152: 4058:The start-finish line. 3899: 3860: 3790:A pass using drafting. 3778:Front-engined dragster 3746: 3745:Formula One slick tyre 3729: 3710: 3662: 3626: 3566:semi-automatic gearbox 3548: 3522:; a jump technique in 3463: 3382: 3347: 3222: 3190: 3174: 3003: 2971: 2962: 2928: 2873: 2840: 2777: 2692: 2593: 2576: 2507: 2453:qualifying lap records 2417: 2406: 2279: 2217: 2195: 2163: 2150: 2138: 2108: 2079: 1998:basilar skull fracture 1948: 1862: 1823: 1794: 1749: 1663: 1592: 1534: 1478: 1402: 1357: 1340: 1310: 1287: 1216:southern United States 1057: 828: 773: 693: 617: 526: 498: 486: 467: 394: 385: 334:Atlanta Motor Speedway 328:uses a 105% rule, and 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 6609:www.motorsportads.com 6554:"NASCAR Glossary T-Z" 5326:atlasf1.autosport.com 5289:. The Racers Resource 5261:ASA Late Model Series 5182:"Traffic Calming 101" 4604: 4562: 4470: 4462: 4308:). This is common in 4150: 3897: 3744: 3727: 3656: 3454: 3380: 3172: 2957: 2868: 2665:missing man formation 2591: 2566:drive-through penalty 2412: 2387: 2277: 2145:Impound race (NASCAR) 1942: 1883:A method of creating 1860: 1727:class was introduced. 1659: 1549:flag-to-flag coverage 1436:excluded (EXC / EXCL) 1397: 1351: 1332:drive-through penalty 1308: 1295:Drag Reduction System 1162:, as distinct from a 1091:density altitude (DA) 1055: 768: 383: 7141:Glossaries of sports 6837:Association football 6804:Glossaries of sports 6759:Formula One glossary 6343:Davis, Pedr (1986). 6101:www.sportinglife.com 5636:"Racing Terminology" 5528:on 16 September 2020 5487:"Drag Racing Basics" 5120:on 30 September 2007 5043:Patwardhan, Deepti. 4075:superpole / shootout 4027:championship points. 3941:Class 1 Touring Cars 2224:International season 2064:hook-up / hooking up 1978:in sportscar racing. 1943:Hairpin turn on the 1851:The total cornering 1109:did not attend (DNA) 739:Nationwide Insurance 657:In drag racing, the 542:In drag racing, the 433:Chili Bowl Nationals 53:improve this article 6640:Racecar Engineering 6560:on 18 February 2010 6403:"The Quitting Game" 5711:. carmagazine.co.uk 5467:Racecar Engineering 5267:on 24 February 2009 5237:on 23 February 2012 4966:The Daily Telegraph 4306:24 Hours of Le Mans 4122:Albert Park Circuit 3497:Scuderia AlphaTauri 3315:reverse grid racing 3291:Originally used by 3287:reactive suspension 2913:outright lap record 2872:, a one-make series 2812:not classified (NC) 2553:is in Formula One). 2457:outright lap record 1416:E.T. (elapsed time) 1309:A drift competition 947:competition caution 906:An early defensive 888:clerk of the course 595:rejoining the race. 407:Pneumatic cylinders 131:The following is a 6324:Inside Dirt Racing 5992:"Motorsport Terms" 5906:. 20 December 2017 5672:. 1 December 2011. 5377:2009-07-24 at the 4831:2021-09-18 at the 4615: 4571: 4543:) would aquaplane. 4476: 4465: 4324:touring car racing 4153: 4068:, as the usage of 3900: 3814:a loss of traction 3747: 3730: 3663: 3515:Also known as the 3464: 3456:Chevrolet Corvette 3383: 3365:road course ringer 3175: 3122:Polish victory lap 2963: 2874: 2594: 2418: 2407: 2280: 1949: 1909:. Also known as a 1863: 1825:popping the blower 1664: 1645:full-course yellow 1636:Top Fuel Dragsters 1403: 1358: 1311: 1210:In drag racing, a 1058: 1007:small-block engine 999:ARCA Racing Series 978:controlled caution 956:controlled caution 936:touring car racing 829:full-course yellow 795:chain-link fencing 774: 675:touches the track. 386: 7123: 7122: 6884:Canadian football 6827:American football 6692:on 18 August 2015 6532:Popular Mechanics 6382:on 15 August 2013 5945:. 10 October 2013 5859:978-1-906211-02-8 5822:on 19 August 2010 5347:"The British Era" 5094:978-1-906211-02-8 4388:, 'chase-attack') 4108:Race of Champions 3809:smoking the tires 3733:slick (clay oval) 3371:NASCAR Cup Series 3325:sprint car racing 3249:Abbreviation for 3163:sports racing car 2699:Motorsport Valley 2473:Le Mans Prototype 2306:Global Rallycross 2233:sprint car racing 2136:General term for 2031:NASCAR Cup Series 1986:CART FedEx series 1735:sports car racing 1366:drivers' briefing 425:sprint car racing 341:200 MPH Club 129: 128: 121: 103: 16:(Redirected from 7148: 6798: 6791: 6784: 6775: 6769:Moto GP glossary 6746: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6682: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6657: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6647: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6611:. 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Archived from 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5387: 5381: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5351:f1-grandprix.com 5343: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5318: 5312: 5309:Rod & Custom 5305: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5253: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5116:. Archived from 5105: 5099: 5098: 5080: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4962: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4938:on June 14, 2016 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4841: 4835: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4736: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4357:traction control 4310:endurance racing 4254: 4253: 4203: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4092:in other sports. 3967: 3966: 3937:Cars of Tomorrow 3836: 3835: 3823: 3822: 3787: 3786: 3670: 3669: 3572:Scuderia Ferrari 3161:A purpose-built 3144:progressive grid 2469:sports prototype 2415:Rebellion Racing 2403: 2398: Ideal line 2397: 2392: Early apex 2391: 2218:wet weather tire 2202:installation lap 1976:balance of power 1843:Indianapolis 500 1744: 1743: 1730:gentleman driver 1632:specialized fuel 1576:1979 Daytona 500 1551: 1550: 1361:drivers' meeting 1334: 1333: 1325:four-wheel drift 1249: 1248: 1243: 1242: 1148: 1147: 1137: 1136: 980: 979: 949: 948: 940:endurance racing 855: 854: 808: 807: 793:A fence made of 790: 789: 567:restrictor plate 146: 124: 117: 113: 110: 104: 102: 61: 37: 29: 21: 7156: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7119: 7106: 6911:Contract bridge 6818: 6805: 6802: 6755: 6750: 6749: 6739: 6737: 6736:. dirtrider.com 6732: 6731: 6727: 6717: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6695: 6693: 6684: 6683: 6679: 6670: 6668: 6662:"Wheel Shrouds" 6659: 6658: 6654: 6645: 6643: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6618: 6616: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6588: 6586: 6578: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6552: 6551: 6547: 6525: 6524: 6520: 6510: 6508: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6463: 6461: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6438: 6436: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6413: 6411: 6400: 6399: 6395: 6385: 6383: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6355: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6328: 6326: 6317: 6316: 6312: 6302: 6300: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6269: 6267: 6258: 6257: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6215: 6213: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6193: 6191: 6190:on 11 July 2015 6182: 6181: 6177: 6167: 6165: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6145: 6143: 6142:on 27 June 2015 6134: 6133: 6129: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6095: 6094: 6090: 6081: 6079: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6027: 6025: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5990: 5989: 5982: 5973: 5971: 5963: 5962: 5958: 5948: 5946: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5928:, 1/1991, p.16. 5923: 5919: 5909: 5907: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5860: 5847: 5846: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5814:. Jason Sides, 5810: 5809: 5805: 5795: 5793: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5764: 5754: 5753: 5749: 5740: 5738: 5729: 5728: 5724: 5714: 5712: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5693: 5691: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5634: 5633: 5622: 5612: 5610: 5609:on 14 July 2011 5597: 5596: 5592: 5582: 5580: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5557: 5555: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5471: 5469: 5460: 5459: 5455: 5446: 5444: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5399: 5397: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5379:Wayback Machine 5370: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5353:. 24 April 2010 5345: 5344: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5306: 5302: 5292: 5290: 5285: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5240: 5238: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5095: 5082: 5081: 5062: 5053: 5051: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5028: 5026: 5017: 5016: 5012: 5002: 5000: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4941: 4939: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4911: 4909: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4850:Popular Science 4843: 4842: 4838: 4833:Wayback Machine 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4738: 4737: 4730: 4725: 4709: 4695: 4607:Kenny Bernstein 4530:weight shifting 4501: 4484:winner's circle 4472:Brad Keselowski 4457: 4399: 4381: 4251: 4250: 4206:In drifting, a 4189: 4145: 4061:success ballast 3980:endurance races 3964: 3963: 3861:one-make racing 3833: 3832: 3820: 3819: 3784: 3783: 3667: 3666: 3449: 3330:riding mechanic 3271:rail / rail job 3243: 3214: 2952: 2894:series such as 2878:one-make racing 2822: 2751: 2741:mystery caution 2586: 2508:success ballast 2405: 2404: Late apex 2401: 2399: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2382: 2338: 2261: 2120: 2003:heads-up racing 1981:Handford device 1937: 1741: 1740: 1684: 1548: 1547: 1468: 1392: 1341:stop-go penalty 1331: 1330: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1239: 1198:Phoenix Raceway 1145: 1144: 1135:did not qualify 1134: 1133: 1050: 977: 976: 946: 945: 852: 851: 805: 804: 799:street circuits 787: 786: 763: 741:(2008–14), and 478: 378: 303: 298: 297: 296: 295: 147: 144: 125: 114: 108: 105: 62: 60: 50: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7154: 7152: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7128: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7052:Shooting sport 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6982:Figure skating 6979: 6978: 6977: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6899:computer chess 6896: 6894:chess problems 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6857:derived idioms 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6793: 6786: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6754: 6753:External links 6751: 6748: 6747: 6725: 6703: 6677: 6652: 6625: 6596: 6571: 6545: 6518: 6492: 6481:. formula1.com 6470: 6445: 6421: 6408:Car and Driver 6393: 6360: 6353: 6335: 6310: 6299:on 28 May 2014 6277: 6251: 6223: 6212:. Hoosier Tire 6201: 6175: 6153: 6127: 6118: 6107:on 5 June 2011 6088: 6063: 6035: 6009: 5980: 5965:"NHRA History" 5956: 5930: 5917: 5891: 5865: 5858: 5833: 5803: 5785:(2001-09-28). 5774: 5747: 5736:Car and Driver 5722: 5700: 5675: 5657: 5620: 5590: 5564: 5539: 5508: 5497:on 8 June 2012 5478: 5453: 5428: 5425:on 2008-11-13. 5406: 5382: 5364: 5338: 5313: 5311:, 9/00, p.147. 5300: 5278: 5248: 5221: 5195: 5173: 5160:New York Times 5145: 5131: 5100: 5093: 5060: 5035: 5010: 4984: 4949: 4919: 4894: 4887: 4867: 4836: 4817: 4806:. May 21, 2012 4785: 4757: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4698:yellow checker 4694: 4691: 4690: 4689: 4682: 4677: 4670: 4667: 4656: 4653: 4644: 4641: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4584: 4577: 4564:Maynard Yingst 4557: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4521: 4516: 4505: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4431: 4428: 4417: 4412: 4403: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4354: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4330: 4327: 4320: 4317: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4291: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4248: 4245: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4230:team principal 4228: 4216: 4211: 4204: 4182: 4174: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4139: 4136:sidecar racing 4132: 4129: 4126:Suzuka Circuit 4118:Willow Springs 4114: 4111: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4022:start and park 4019: 4016: 4014:standing start 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3988: 3983: 3968: 3961: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3906: 3901: 3886: 3883: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3865: 3856: 3853: 3837: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3817: 3810: 3807: 3796: 3791: 3788: 3785:slingshot pass 3781: 3775: 3772: 3766:Especially in 3764: 3761: 3753: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3722: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3633:short shifting 3630: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3605: 3594: 3591: 3568: 3563: 3556: 3553: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3527: 3513: 3510: 3503: 3500: 3492: 3490:satellite team 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3473: 3470: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3440: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3421: 3418: 3413: 3410: 3405: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3375: 3374: 3367: 3362: 3355: 3352: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3247: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3228: 3227: 3223:pre-qualifying 3218: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3198: 3195: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3167: 3166: 3159: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3134: 3130: 3129:pre-qualifying 3127: 3124: 3119: 3107: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3088: 3085: 3080: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3048: 3045: 3038: 3033: 3025: 3020: 3013: 3008: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2988: 2981: 2976: 2967: 2958:A pit stop in 2951: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2939: 2934: 2921: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2888:IndyCar Series 2880: 2863: 2862: 2855: 2853:open-wheel car 2850: 2847: 2844: 2836: 2833: 2826: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2787: 2782: 2773: 2770: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2728: 2725: 2722:North Carolina 2706: 2705:mountain motor 2703: 2700: 2697: 2688: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2669:The driver in 2667: 2662: 2651: 2646: 2638: 2632: 2620: 2617: 2610: 2605: 2598: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2572: 2569: 2557: 2554: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2527:legality panel 2525: 2514: 2511: 2503: 2500: 2465: 2460: 2448: 2445: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2422: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2376: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2345: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2332: 2322:standing start 2317: 2314: 2311:Kenneth Hansen 2290: 2287: 2284: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2255: 2243: 2240: 2225: 2222: 2213: 2210: 2203: 2200: 2191: 2188: 2181: 2178: 2171: 2168: 2158: 2155: 2134: 2131: 2124: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2105: 2100: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2075: 2072: 2065: 2062: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2039: 2034: 2027: 2024: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1994: 1989: 1982: 1979: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1960: 1957: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1919: 1914: 1898: 1892: 1881: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1849: 1846: 1839: 1836: 1820: 1817: 1809: 1804: 1791: 1788: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1757: 1754: 1745: 1738: 1731: 1728: 1717: 1712: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1670: 1654: 1653: 1646: 1643: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1606:formula racing 1603: 1600: 1597: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1552: 1545: 1542: 1541:first or worse 1539: 1535:start and park 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1513: 1498: 1493: 1490:factory-backed 1486: 1483: 1474: 1472:factory-backed 1467: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1407: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1362: 1346: 1345: 1335: 1328: 1317: 1312: 1300: 1292: 1275: 1270: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1237: 1222: 1219: 1208: 1205: 1194: 1191: 1180: 1177: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1142: 1139: 1131: 1127: 1124:did not finish 1121: 1114:did not arrive 1110: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1092: 1089: 1086:pit-stop delta 1082: 1079: 1075: 1074:Delaware start 1072: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1056:Delaware start 1049: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1012:crossed sticks 1010: 990: 985: 981: 974: 971:control engine 963: 960: 950: 943: 938:(particularly 916: 911: 904: 901: 890: 885: 878: 875: 872: 867: 864: 862:Christmas tree 859: 856: 848: 847: 844: 839: 836: 833: 824: 821: 810: 802: 791: 784: 780: 762: 759: 758: 757: 731:Anheuser-Busch 723: 717: 714: 711: 708: 703: 690:bracket racing 686: 683: 679: 676: 669: 666: 655: 652: 649: 646: 643: 640: 625: 622: 613: 610: 599: 596: 592: 589: 581: 578: 563:stock car race 559: 554: 553:"off-camber"). 550: 547: 540: 537: 534: 531: 522: 519: 516: 513: 506: 503: 499:satellite team 494: 491: 482: 477: 474: 473: 472: 463: 458: 455: 450: 447: 444: 441: 436: 417: 414: 404: 399: 390: 377: 374: 373: 372: 365: 362: 359:El Mirage Lake 355:Dirty Two Club 342: 338: 337: 326:IndyCar Series 319:Often used in 317: 311: 310: 307: 302: 299: 294: 293: 291:External links 288: 280: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 148: 143: 142: 140: 127: 126: 41: 39: 32: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7153: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7109: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6976: 6975:Italian terms 6973: 6972: 6971: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6824: 6821: 6815: 6812: 6811: 6808: 6799: 6794: 6792: 6787: 6785: 6780: 6779: 6776: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6752: 6735: 6729: 6726: 6713: 6707: 6704: 6691: 6687: 6681: 6678: 6667: 6663: 6656: 6653: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6629: 6626: 6615:on 2016-06-17 6614: 6610: 6606: 6600: 6597: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6572: 6559: 6555: 6549: 6546: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6522: 6519: 6507: 6503: 6496: 6493: 6480: 6474: 6471: 6460: 6456: 6449: 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5488: 5482: 5479: 5468: 5464: 5457: 5454: 5442: 5438: 5432: 5429: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5407: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5376: 5373: 5368: 5365: 5352: 5348: 5342: 5339: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5288: 5282: 5279: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5252: 5249: 5236: 5232: 5225: 5222: 5210: 5206: 5199: 5196: 5183: 5177: 5174: 5162: 5161: 5156: 5149: 5146: 5141: 5135: 5132: 5119: 5115: 5114:Sporting News 5111: 5104: 5101: 5096: 5090: 5086: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5036: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5011: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4985: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4961: 4953: 4950: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4920: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4895: 4890: 4888:0-7603-1823-9 4884: 4880: 4879: 4871: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4805: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4789: 4786: 4774: 4773: 4768: 4761: 4758: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4722: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4687: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4546:wheel banging 4545: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4510: 4507:In the NHRA, 4506: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4461: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4443:ground effect 4440: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4346:traction bars 4345: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4104: 4102:super special 4101: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4036:sticker tires 4035: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4007:standard tree 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3929:grand tourers 3926: 3922: 3921: 3915: 3911: 3910:front spoiler 3907: 3905: 3902: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3868:special stage 3866: 3863: 3862: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3818: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3795: 3794:slipstreaming 3792: 3789: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3771:straightaway. 3769: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3726: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3711:traction bars 3707: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687:" situations. 3686: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3672: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3648: 3646:shutdown area 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3549:sticker tires 3545: 3544: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3519: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3502:scattershield 3501: 3498: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3446: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3408:rolling start 3406: 3403: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3372: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3302:relief driver 3301: 3298: 3295:and later by 3294: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3258: 3256:race director 3255: 3252: 3251:reaction time 3248: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3225: 3224: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3164: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3108: 3106: 3105:pole position 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3063: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3017:formation lap 3014: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2961: 2956: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2870:Formula Mazda 2867: 2860: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2736:Murray Walker 2734:broadcaster, 2733: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2672: 2671:pole position 2668: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564:penalty (see 2562: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2509: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2437:lap of honour 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2421:ladder series 2420: 2419: 2416: 2411: 2386: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2329: 2328:rolling start 2324: 2323: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2276: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2044:reaction time 2040: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1879:ground effect 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1827: 1826: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1766:grand marshal 1765: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1613:free practice 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1599:formation lap 1598: 1595: 1594: 1593:rolling start 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1506:Brabham BT46B 1503: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1398:The esses at 1396: 1389: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1343: 1342: 1336: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1307: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1288:slipstreaming 1284: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1158:A non-bodied 1157: 1154: 1151: 1146:did not start 1143: 1140: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 989: 986: 982: 975: 972: 968: 964: 961: 958: 957: 951: 944: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 915: 912: 909: 905: 902: 899: 895: 891: 889: 886: 883: 879: 876: 873: 871: 870:course record 868: 865: 863: 860: 857: 850: 849: 845: 843: 840: 837: 835:chase vehicle 834: 832: 830: 825: 822: 819: 818:recovery tank 815: 811: 803: 800: 796: 792: 785: 781: 779: 776: 775: 772: 767: 760: 755: 751: 748: 744: 743:signal pirate 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 707: 704: 701: 697: 696: 691: 687: 684: 680: 677: 674: 670: 667: 664: 660: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 638: 634: 633:turbochargers 630: 626: 623: 621: 619: 614: 611: 608: 604: 600: 597: 593: 590: 587: 582: 580:black-flagged 579: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 558: 555: 551: 548: 545: 541: 538: 535: 533:bag of donuts 532: 530: 528: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 507: 504: 502: 500: 495: 492: 490: 488: 483: 480: 479: 475: 471: 469: 464: 462: 459: 456: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 440: 437: 434: 430: 429:alphabet soup 426: 422: 418: 416:alphabet soup 415: 412: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 396: 391: 388: 387: 382: 375: 370: 366: 363: 360: 356: 352: 347: 343: 340: 339: 335: 331: 327: 322: 318: 316: 313: 312: 308: 305: 304: 300: 292: 289: 287: 284: 283: 282: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 149: 139: 137: 136: 123: 120: 112: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: – 69: 65: 64:Find sources: 58: 54: 48: 47: 42:This article 40: 36: 31: 30: 27: 19: 7087:Trampolining 7077:Table tennis 7042:Rugby league 7016: 6987:Gaelic games 6740:10 September 6738:. 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Retrieved 6050:Toronto Star 6048: 6038: 6026:. Retrieved 6012: 6000:. Retrieved 5996:the original 5972:. Retrieved 5968: 5959: 5947:. Retrieved 5933: 5925: 5920: 5908:. Retrieved 5903: 5894: 5882:. Retrieved 5868: 5849: 5824:. Retrieved 5820:the original 5806: 5794:. Retrieved 5777: 5765:. Retrieved 5761:the original 5750: 5739:. Retrieved 5735: 5725: 5713:. Retrieved 5703: 5692:. Retrieved 5688: 5678: 5669: 5660: 5648:. Retrieved 5644:the original 5640:Dyson Racing 5611:. Retrieved 5607:the original 5593: 5581:. Retrieved 5567: 5556:. Retrieved 5552:the original 5542: 5532:16 September 5530:. Retrieved 5526:the original 5521: 5511: 5499:. Retrieved 5495:the original 5481: 5470:. Retrieved 5466: 5456: 5445:. Retrieved 5443:. 2019-01-22 5440: 5431: 5423:the original 5418: 5409: 5398:. Retrieved 5394: 5385: 5367: 5355:. Retrieved 5350: 5341: 5329:. Retrieved 5325: 5316: 5308: 5303: 5291:. Retrieved 5281: 5269:. Retrieved 5265:the original 5251: 5239:. 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Retrieved 4743: 4718:rally event. 4686:works driver 4685: 4647: 4594:wheelie bars 4575:wheel shroud 4540: 4525:turbocharger 4508: 4483: 4479:victory lane 4463:Victory lane 4447: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4424: 4420: 4406: 4377: 4350: 4334: 4285: 4275:throw a belt 4185: 4179:fish-tailing 4178: 4172:tank-slapper 4083:support race 4065: 3972:hillclimbing 3925:touring cars 3917: 3913: 3909: 3859: 3849: 3845: 3842:Indianapolis 3803: 3709: 3705:slapper bars 3679:silly season 3625: 3601: 3597: 3547: 3541: 3516: 3507:bell housing 3438:run-off area 3424:rumble strip 3354:ripple strip 3348:wheel shroud 3346: 3342:rim blanking 3275: 3250: 3231:quick 8 (Q8) 3230: 3229: 3221: 3202: 3197:push to pass 3189: 3115: 3111: 3076: 3057:photo finish 3041: 3029: 3016: 3002: 2998:paint scheme 2970: 2942: 2929: 2883: 2839: 2790: 2776: 2765:Acronym for 2691: 2643:Mickey Mouse 2635:Mickey Mouse 2575: 2565: 2560: 2549: 2545: 2521: 2517: 2506: 2456: 2452: 2444:(see below). 2441: 2372: 2368:kitty litter 2357:push to pass 2356: 2326: 2320: 2301: 2246: 2216: 2212:intermediate 2194: 2162: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2133:impound rule 2109: 2103:hydrolocking 2078: 2052:homologation 2020: 2019:Opposite of 1975: 1953: 1945:Mont Ventoux 1927: 1923: 1910: 1831:hand grenade 1829: 1824: 1795: 1785:kitty litter 1780:run-off area 1748: 1701:Enzo Ferrari 1674: 1649: 1638:or Top Fuel 1591: 1587:flying start 1571: 1567: 1563: 1560:tape delayed 1555: 1533: 1529:field-filler 1510:Chaparral 2J 1489: 1485:factory team 1477: 1458: 1454: 1445:Part of the 1430: 1427:60-foot time 1400:Road Atlanta 1369: 1365: 1339: 1324: 1297: 1286: 1247:double stack 1241:double-stack 1233: 1229: 1221:door-slammer 1207:doped / dope 1187: 1176:(see below). 1173: 1169: 1163: 1117: 1116:or simply a 1113: 1097:backpressure 1085: 1067:deep staging 1061:deep braking 1040: 1035:customer car 970: 967:control tire 966: 954: 927: 881: 827: 817: 753: 742: 735:Claim jumper 734: 720:Buschwhacker 706:bump and run 699: 694: 662: 659:gas cylinder 629:supercharger 616: 585: 544:electric eye 525: 497: 487:semi-feature 485: 466: 428: 395:wheel shroud 393: 364:60-foot time 354: 350: 281: 132: 130: 115: 109:October 2011 106: 96: 89: 82: 75: 63: 51:Please help 46:verification 43: 26: 7047:Rugby union 6869:Board games 6584:F1technical 6238:Motor Trend 5613:26 February 5501:23 February 5463:"Tyre grip" 4912:14 December 4649:Gurney flap 4513:Wally Parks 4490:victory lap 4437:and sports 4294:time attack 4260:throttleman 4221:Formula One 4214:team orders 4095:super rally 4066:lead trophy 3994:or asphalt 3976:time attack 3758:aquaplaning 3576:Formula One 3560:Formula One 3264:racing line 3116:on the pole 2960:Formula One 2925:Formula One 2892:spec racing 2859:Formula One 2732:Formula One 2714:drag racers 2659:hot rodding 2624:racing flag 2622:A specific 2602:toy marbles 2502:lead trophy 2463:Le Mans car 2442:victory lap 2373:gravel trap 2353:Formula One 2239:in January. 2180:independent 1924:autotesting 1903:Formula One 1895:Gurney flap 1801:rain shower 1790:green track 1774:gravel trap 1696:/ garagista 1516:fastest lap 1285:. See also 995:late models 988:crate motor 908:racing line 853:choose cone 809:/ catch can 788:catch fence 557:The Big One 510:drag racing 461:autotesting 453:auto racing 369:drag racing 321:Formula One 7130:Categories 7097:Water polo 7092:Volleyball 7022:Pickleball 7017:Motorsport 7002:Ice hockey 6997:Gymnastics 6953:Equestrian 6921:Cue sports 6864:Basketball 6712:"Whip 101" 6671:2016-06-12 6646:2016-06-12 6619:2016-06-12 6589:22 January 6564:6 December 6485:24 October 6464:2022-08-25 6439:2022-08-25 6354:0949757357 6329:2022-08-27 6260:"The Sled" 6082:2022-08-27 6056:2 December 6028:2 December 6002:18 January 5974:2022-08-25 5949:2 December 5910:2 December 5884:2 December 5796:20 January 5783:Hinton, Ed 5741:2022-08-25 5715:24 October 5694:2022-08-25 5583:17 January 5558:2019-10-10 5472:2021-09-03 5447:2021-09-03 5400:2021-09-03 5188:18 January 5166:18 January 5124:18 January 5054:2022-08-25 5029:2022-08-25 4969:. London. 4932:NASCAR.com 4723:References 4680:works team 4643:wickerbill 4627:wheelstand 4568:sprint car 4435:open wheel 4415:understeer 4370:trap speed 4335:axle tramp 4329:tire shake 4301:timed race 4287:understeer 4252:ten-tenths 3986:sprint car 3850:backup car 3800:slipstream 3751:slick tyre 3698:skid plate 3659:Sauber C24 3588:gear stick 3584:rally cars 3543:scuffed in 3530:scrutineer 3468:safety car 3336:right-rear 3217:qualifying 3191:understeer 3112:qualifying 3077:pit boards 3042:ride buyer 3036:pay driver 3023:parc fermé 3011:parade lap 2972:safety car 2943:understeer 2896:Spec Miata 2686:motorkhana 2550:sign board 2447:lap record 2316:jump start 2294:rallycross 2265:James Bond 2196:scrutineer 2164:delta time 2151:parc fermé 2139:parc fermé 2080:flying lap 2026:happy hour 1928:motorkhana 1911:wickerbill 1907:Dan Gurney 1761:Grand Prix 1650:safety car 1640:Funny Cars 1581:flying lap 1570:checkered 1479:works team 1283:slipstream 1253:mechanics. 1230:funny cars 1081:delta time 932:sports car 898:safety car 806:catch tank 771:dirt track 733:brewery. 598:bleach box 591:blend line 569:racing at 521:backup car 515:backmarker 421:midget car 389:aero cover 306:1–2 finish 286:References 135:motorsport 79:newspapers 7102:Wing Chun 6948:Disc golf 6842:Athletics 6540:0032-4558 6511:5 January 6414:5 October 6077:Supercars 5943:Eurosport 5926:Car Craft 5904:Autosport 5879:BBC Sport 4903:"Corners" 4862:0161-7370 4772:USA Today 4744:Crash.net 4638:motocross 4619:wheelspin 4552:wheel hop 4519:wastegate 4509:The Wally 4504:The Wally 4448:splitters 4439:prototype 4430:undertray 4425:oversteer 4351:wheel hop 4314:Formula 1 4236:tear-offs 4090:undercard 3875:spin turn 3834:spare car 3774:slingshot 3763:slide job 3685:lame duck 3627:superpole 3615:shakedown 3524:motocross 3483:sand trap 3416:roof flap 3396:roll hoop 3387:roll cage 3381:Roll cage 3182:radiator. 3157:prototype 3137:privateer 3071:pit board 3064:pill draw 3047:pedalling 2979:pacenotes 2937:oversteer 2901:out-brake 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