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hand-to-hand combat. Shields also vary a great deal in thickness; whereas some shields were made of thick wooden planking, to protect soldiers from spears and crossbow bolts, other shields were thinner and designed mainly for glancing blows away (such as a sword blow). In prehistory, shields were made of wood, animal hide, or wicker. In antiquity and in the Middle Ages, shields were used by foot soldiers and mounted soldiers. Even after the invention of gunpowder and firearms, shields continued to be used. In the 18th century, Scottish clans continued to use small shields, and in the 19th century, some non-industrialized peoples continued to use shields. In the 20th and 21st century, shields are used by military and police units that specialize in anti-terrorist action, hostage rescue, and siege-breaching.
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employees from serious injury or illness resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other hazards." While there are common forms of PPEs such as gloves, eye shields, and respirators, the standard set in the OSHA definition indicates a wide coverage. This means that PPE involves a sizable range of equipment. There are several ways to classify them such as how gears could be physiological or environmental. The following list, however, sorts
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556:. The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may also cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face. Airborne toxic materials may be gaseous or particulate. Many gas masks include protection from both types. During riots where tear gas or CS-gas is employed by riot police, gas masks are commonly used by police and rioters alike.
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Mechanic gloves prime concern is to protect hands against mechanical type of applications, where harsh elements of mechanical work is directly detecting your hands required to be secured against the highest or lowest levels of risks depending upon the working environment which is normally measured in
327:
is held in the hand or arm. Its purpose is to intercept attacks, either by stopping projectiles such as arrows or by glancing a blow to the side of the shield-user. Shields vary greatly in size, ranging from large shields that protect the user's entire body to small shields that are mostly for use in
265:
is inherent in the theory of universal precaution, which requires specialized clothing or equipment for the protection of individuals from hazard. The term is defined by the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which is responsible for PPE regulation, as the "equipment that protects
657:
from injury by falling objects, impact with other objects, debris, bad weather and electric shock. Inside the helmet is a suspension that spreads the helmet's weight over the top of the head. It also provides a space of approximately 3 cm (1.2 inch) between the helmet's shell and the wearer's
283:
The modern PPE used in combat has been increasingly designed to address the emergent dangers poised in the increasing mix of conventional and unconventional conflicts demonstrated in the
American experience in Iraq and Afghanistan. The combat protective equipment today is often typified by flame
1158:
are individual pant leggings made of leather and worn by farriers, cowboys, and rodeo contestants to protect the legs from contact with hooves, thorny undergrowth, and other such work hazards. May also be made of other materials for leg protection against other hazards, such as "rain chaps" of
593:
Gloves are frequently used to keep the hands warm, a function that is particularly necessary when cycling in cold weather. The hands are also relatively inactive, and do not have a great deal of muscle mass, which also contributes to the possibility of chill. Gloves are therefore vital for
602:. Putting a hand out to break a fall is a natural reaction, however, the hands are one of the more difficult parts of the body to repair. There is little or no spare skin, and immobilising the hands sufficiently to promote healing involves significant inconvenience to the patient.
706:
in the hospital setting refers to the N95 filtering face piece masks that are commonly used to care for patients with
Tuberculosis. There was much controversy over the use of these masks during the H1N1 outbreak of 2009.
513:, which have excellent bullet and fragmentation stopping power. Some helmets also have good non-ballistic protective qualities, though many do not. Non-ballistic injuries may be caused by many things, such as concussive
284:
resistance, improved body armor, and reduced weight, among other advances. The gears are shown in the following list, which includes PPEs for defense against ballistic weapons are commonly worn by
532:
or other bullet resistant materials and the inside of the mask may be padded for shock absorption, depending on the design. Due to weight restrictions, protection levels range only up to
153:
46:
465:, and up to the end of the 1600s by many combatants. Their materials and construction became more advanced as weapons became more and more powerful. Initially constructed from
702:, in which an alternate supply of fresh air is delivered. Within each category, different techniques are employed to reduce or eliminate noxious airborne contents. The term
952:, seen partially pulled out on left. Together with a tight bandage-like strap (middle), the wrist is supported and stabilized upon impact onto the ground when falling.
614:
or other material. Full-finger gloves are useful in winter, when real warmth is not an issue. These are also generally waterproof but will become soggy in heavy rain.
250:
690:. Respirators come in a wide range of types and sizes used by the military, private industry, and the public. Respirators range from cheaper, single-use, disposable
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in many societies after about 950AD. At that time, they were purely military equipment, protecting the head from cutting blows with
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371:. Soft vests are made from many layers of woven or laminated fibers and can be capable of protecting the wearer from small caliber
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rounds, and metallic components or tightly-woven fiber layers can give soft armor resistance to stab and slash attacks from a
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941:
413:. Vests intended for police and military use may also include ballistic shoulder and side protection armor components, and
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406:, whereas hard-plate reinforced vests are mainly worn by combat soldiers, police tactical units and hostage rescue teams.
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head so that if an object strikes the shell, the impact is less likely to be transmitted directly to the skull. Rigid
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for any suit or clothing which protects the wearer. Any specific design of suit may offer protection against
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528:, is designed to protect the wearer from ballistic threats. Ballistic face masks are usually made of
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Modern body armor may combine a ballistic vest with other items of protective clothing, such as a
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Metal or ceramic plates can be used with a soft vest, providing additional protection from
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505:. Today's militaries often use high-quality helmets made of ballistic materials such as
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to reusable models with replaceable cartridges. There are two main categories: the
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officers wear heavy armor and helmets with face visors and spine protection.
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Workers at
Chittagong ship breaking yard, without safety boots and hard hats
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A doctor wearing personal protective equipment for treating patients with
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The Work
Environment: Healthcare, Laboratories and Biosafety, Volume 2
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698:, which forces contaminated air through a filtering element, and the
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is worn over the face to protect the wearer from inhaling "airborne
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terms of different rating standards specifying the class of gloves.
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are protective clothing. Personal protective equipment includes:
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Mechanical hazards (e.g. rigger gloves, chainmail gloves)
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projectiles, and small fragments from explosives such as
1465:
US Marine
Infantry Combat Uniforms and Equipment 2000–12
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is designed to protect the wearer from inhaling harmful
521:, physical attacks, motor vehicle accidents, or falls.
1435:
Musgrave, Gary; Larsen, Axel; Sgobba, Tommaso (2009).
649:
predominantly used in workplace environments, such as
489:
Ages, they soon came to be made entirely from forged
1414:. Maryland Heights: Saunders Elsevier. p. 180.
160:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1378:
18:List of personal protective equipment by body area
1173:is footwear that comes with a protective toe cap.
757:as protection against being struck in the face.
991:Lacerations and other wounds from sharp objects
948:gloves with an integrated plastic element as a
634:sailors loading cargo onto a container ship in
963:Chemicals, contamination and infection (e.g.
8:
977:Extremes of temperature (e.g. oven gloves,
766:
61:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1224:Blunt trauma personal protective equipment
1051:Blunt trauma personal protective equipment
819:ear defenders and visor on a safety helmet
1385:. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers. pp.
1171:Safety footwear & Protective footwear
737:made of hard material like those used by
449:, and are known to have been worn by the
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
1299:, to protect against splashing chemicals
1159:waterproof materials, or "saw chaps" of
299:
169:"Usage of personal protective equipment"
81:This article includes a list of general
1369:
606:gloves, have a lightly padded palm of
1489:"Short History of Armour and Weapons"
974:Electricity, when voltage is too high
398:forces, private citizens and private
270:according to function and body area.
7:
1458:
1456:
589:A pair of fingerless cycling gloves.
367:from explosions, and is worn on the
158:adding citations to reliable sources
1467:. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
662:has been the most common material.
263:personal protective equipment (PPE)
960:are available to protect against:
394:. Soft vests are commonly worn by
87:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1439:. Oxford: Elsevier. p. 257.
1202:(delta and gamma), and may offer
42:This article has multiple issues.
724:a beekeeping hat, veil, and suit
134:
72:
31:
1437:Safety Design for Space Systems
1412:Safety Design for Space Systems
1063:, also called Abdomen guard or
598:the hands from cold, wind, and
145:needs additional citations for
50:or discuss these issues on the
453:around 900BC, followed by the
445:are among the oldest forms of
1:
1577:Personal protective equipment
876:Association football headgear
674:A half face particulate mask.
447:personal protective equipment
355:helps absorb the impact from
268:personal protective equipment
568:from bombs is provided by a
1593:
1221:
1048:
839:Other head/neck protection
1410:Primrose, Pamela (2010).
1142:Combined knee-shin guards
1540:www.operation-helmet.org
1178:Full protective garments
696:air-purifying respirator
686:, fumes, vapors, and/or
610:(natural or synthetic),
1513:Galea – About the Galea
1463:Eward, Kenneth (2012).
1359:Sun protective clothing
1090:Foot/Leg/hip protection
882:Arm/shoulder protection
767:#Respiratory protection
700:air-supplied respirator
102:more precise citations.
1558:"Archived CDC webpage"
1182:Protective suit is an
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786:Helmet#Types of helmet
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653:sites, to protect the
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1377:Hansen, Doan (1992).
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888:Shoulder pads (sport)
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774:Mask (disambiguation)
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344:technician wearing a
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1059:with cup pocket and
154:improve this article
1524:Kevlar Pasgt Helmet
1257:Fire proximity suit
1212:industrial clothing
1208:bomb disposal suits
716:Protective headgear
600:evaporative cooling
526:ballistic face mask
501:, and low-velocity
1536:"Operation Helmet"
1196:particle radiation
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1057:Athletic supporter
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869:Armored/insulated
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811:Hearing protection
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666:Respiratory system
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433:soldier wearing a
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765:and similar, see
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16:(Redirected from
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1542:. Archived from
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1491:. Archived from
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1344:Motorcycle armor
1338:American English
1268:-proof: made of
1210:. Most forms of
1204:flash protection
1128:instep protector
1028:Hand/wrist wraps
1018:Gymnastics grips
965:disposable latex
923:Hand/Wrist Wraps
834:Earpads/earflaps
711:PPE by body area
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1278:ballistic nylon
1226:
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1206:in the case of
1198:(alpha) and/or
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1053:
1047:
1045:Body protection
931:
929:Hand protection
884:
860:Boxing headgear
841:
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782:
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1312:Immersion suit
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1007:Cycling gloves
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455:ancient Greeks
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1184:umbrella term
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1262:Riding suits
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1033:Hockey glove
1002:Belay gloves
946:Snowboarding
845:Throat guard
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1297:Splash suit
1247:Hazmat suit
1137:shin guards
1074:Chest guard
1065:cricket box
1023:Hand guards
950:wrist guard
913:Elbow guard
908:Wrist guard
747:goalie mask
739:goaltenders
481:during the
473:, and then
463:Middle Ages
361:projectiles
318:riot shield
292:personnel.
100:introducing
1499:2009-12-03
1396:0873713036
1365:References
1286:waterproof
1237:Boilersuit
1228:The word "
1222:See also:
1188:biological
1133:Shin guard
1104:Foot guard
1070:Chestguard
1049:See also:
981:'s gloves)
898:Fist guard
865:Mouthguard
854:Head guard
743:ice hockey
704:respirator
680:respirator
636:Antarctica
604:Fingerless
596:insulating
550:pollutants
540:Respirator
519:explosions
515:shockwaves
404:bodyguards
180:newspapers
83:references
47:improve it
1292:Spacesuit
1252:Bombsuits
1200:radiation
1119:Knee pads
1084:Rib guard
1040:'s gloves
918:Elbow pad
850:Headguard
763:gas masks
632:U.S. Navy
497:, flying
451:Assyrians
346:bomb suit
53:talk page
1571:Category
1266:abrasion
1242:NBC suit
1230:chemsuit
1194:agents,
1192:chemical
1167:workers.
1165:chainsaw
1109:Hip pads
1012:Falconry
830:Earmuffs
755:baseball
751:catchers
643:hard hat
570:bombsuit
546:gas mask
503:musketry
365:shrapnel
286:military
256:COVID-19
1328:waiters
1307:Drysuit
1303:Wetsuit
1282:cordura
1270:leather
1113:Hip pad
967:/vinyl/
825:Earplug
799:Goggles
780:Helmets
660:plastic
608:leather
467:leather
377:shotgun
373:handgun
359:-fired
357:firearm
316:with a
194:scholar
96:improve
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1274:kevlar
1161:Kevlar
1014:gloves
979:welder
958:Gloves
749:) and
647:helmet
576:Sports
530:kevlar
511:Aramid
507:Kevlar
499:arrows
495:swords
483:Bronze
475:bronze
459:Romans
396:police
325:shield
296:Shield
279:Combat
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85:, but
1334:Nappy
1324:Apron
1156:Chaps
1098:clogs
735:masks
733:Some
729:Masks
692:masks
688:gases
684:dusts
581:Limbs
566:limbs
560:Limbs
554:gases
517:from
491:steel
471:brass
392:knife
388:rifle
369:torso
332:Torso
312:U.S.
201:JSTOR
187:books
1469:ISBN
1441:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1305:and
1190:and
1163:for
1078:Hogu
871:hood
803:See
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772:See
761:For
655:head
623:Head
509:and
487:Iron
485:and
479:iron
477:and
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431:U.S.
421:Head
375:and
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288:and
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753:in
745:(a
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402:or
342:EOD
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