687:
indomethacin (5 mg/kg) . Hyperforin turned out to be a novel type of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor with high effectivity in vivo and suppressed oxidative bursts in polymorphonuclear cells at 1.8 μmol/L in vitro . Inhibition of IFN-γ production, strong downregulation of CXCR3 expression on activated T cells, and downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression caused
Cabrelle et al. to test the effectivity of hyperforin in a rat model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Hyperforin attenuated the symptoms significantly, and the authors discussed hyperforin as a putative therapeutic molecule for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases sustained by Th1 cells.
3098:
460:
research group from the
Shemyakin Institute of Bio-organic Chemistry (USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow) and published in 1975. Hyperforin is a prenylated phloroglucinol derivative. Total synthesis of hyperforin has not yet been accomplished, despite attempts by several research groups. Hyperforin has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibiotic and anti-depressant functions
268:
inflammation, edema, mucus secretion, and bronchoconstriction in the airways of asthmatic patients. Sulfido-peptide leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, also known as the slow-releasing substances of anaphylaxis) and LTB4, a chemoattractant for neutrophils and eosinophils, can be measured in a number of biological fluids including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from asthmatic patients.
642:
cyclooxygenase-1 and 5-lipoxygenase . Moreover, this species attenuated the expression of iNOS in periodontal tissue, which may contribute to the attenuation of the formation of nitrotyrosine, an indication of nitrosative stress . In this context, a combination of several active constituents of
Hypericum species is the carrier of their anti-inflammatory activity.
101:, one of the bioactive boswellic acids found in Boswellia serrata (Indian Frankincense) has been found to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase strongly as an allosteric inhibitor. Boswellia administration has been shown to reduce brain edema in patients irradiated for brain tumor and it's believed to be due to 5-lipoxygenase inhibition.
641:
These researches are according to an investigation of the effect of H. perforatum on the NF-κB inflammation factor, conducted by Bork et al. (1999), in which hyperforin provided a potent inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB . Another important activity for hyperforin is a dual inhibitor of
459:
Hyperforin is found in alcoholic beverages. Hyperforin is a constituent of
Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort) Hyperforin is a phytochemical produced by some of the members of the plant genus Hypericum, notably Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort). The structure of hyperforin was elucidated by a
686:
Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of hyperforin have been described as inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (but not COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase at low concentrations of 0.3 μmol/L and 1.2 μmol/L, respectively , and of PGE2 production in vitro and in vivo with superior efficiency (ED50 = 1 mg/kg) compared to
267:
systems. Leukotrienes are substances that induce numerous biological effects including augmentation of neutrophil and eosinophil migration, neutrophil and monocyte aggregation, leukocyte adhesion, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction. These effects contribute to
1242:
2014:
3143:
568:
Muruganandam AV, Bhattacharya SK, Ghosal S (2001). "Antidepressant activity of hyperforin conjugates of the St. John's wort, Hypericum perforatum Linn.: an experimental study".
1879:
1235:
587:
1. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ...Specific function: Catalyzes the first step in leukotriene biosynthesis, and thereby plays a role in inflammatory processes ...
1864:
385:
Gilbert, Nathaniel C.; Gerstmeier, Jana; Schexnaydre, Erin E.; Börner, Friedemann; Garscha, Ulrike; Neau, David B.; Werz, Oliver; Newcomer, Marcia E. (July 2020).
2706:
2007:
1228:
1904:
541:
Hübner AT (2003). "Treatment with
Hypericum perforatum L. does not trigger decreased resistance in Staphylococcus aureus against antibiotics and hyperforin".
1874:
807:
718:"Boswellia serrata acts on cerebral edema in patients irradiated for brain tumors: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial"
3136:
2000:
3076:
599:
de Melo MS, Quintans Jde S, Araújo AA, Duarte MC, Bonjardim LR, Nogueira PC, Moraes VR, de Araújo-Júnior JX, Ribeiro EA, Quintans-Júnior LJ (2014).
467:"Inhibition of prostaglandin E(2) production by anti-inflammatory hypericum perforatum extracts and constituents in RAW264.7 Mouse Macrophage Cells"
3167:
3129:
1958:
1408:
1362:
1260:
506:
Sun F, Liu JY, He F, Liu Z, Wang R, Wang DM, Wang YF, Yang DP (2011). "In-vitro antitumor activity evaluation of hyperforin derivatives".
780:
2250:
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3162:
1899:
1141:
985:
944:
774:
1894:
1889:
1093:
910:
71:
Some chemicals found in trace amounts in food, as well as some dietary supplements, have been shown to inhibit 5-LOX; these include
255:
Zileuton is a specific inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and thus inhibits leukotriene (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) formation. Both the (
3044:
2550:
2487:
2314:
2235:
1102:
2884:
2230:
2087:
1944:
1761:
1016:
800:
2802:
2774:
2645:
2300:
2245:
1914:
1884:
1062:
969:
280:
Schieferdecker, Sebastian; König, Stefanie; Koeberle, Andreas; Dahse, Hans-Martin; Werz, Oliver; Nett, Markus (2015-02-27).
1854:
1156:
990:
3069:
2784:
2746:
1189:
1181:
2607:
1975:
1085:
1075:
1057:
998:
902:
329:"Myxochelin- and Pseudochelin-Derived Lipoxygenase Inhibitors from a Genetically Engineered Myxococcus xanthus Strain"
115:
34:
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1526:
1252:
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881:
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1023:
770:
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235:
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1136:
1114:
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705:(MD thesis). Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau – via Deutsche National Bibliothek.
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1619:
1609:
57:
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760:
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327:
Sester, Angela; Winand, Lea; Pace, Simona; Hiller, Wolf; Werz, Oliver; Nett, Markus (2019-09-27).
3109:
2839:
2029:
1604:
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1584:
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849:
601:"A systematic review for anti-inflammatory property of clusiaceae family: a preclinical approach"
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364:
173:
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217:
165:
88:
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2412:
1627:
854:
820:
729:
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550:
515:
486:
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465:
Hammer KD, Hillwig ML, Solco AK, Dixon PM, Delate K, Murphy PA, Wurtele ES, Birt DF (2007).
414:
398:
340:
293:
207:
157:
1571:
1494:
1273:
1124:
931:
702:
Antiödematöse
Wirkung von Boswellia serrata auf dasStrahlentherapie - assoziierte Hirnödem
589:
2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 ... General function: Involved in peroxidase activity
37:(5-lipoxygenase or 5-LOX) enzyme, which is responsible for the production of inflammatory
387:"Structural and mechanistic insights into 5-lipoxygenase inhibition by natural products"
328:
196:"5-lipoxygenase antagonist therapy: a new approach towards targeted cancer chemotherapy"
3049:
2569:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2349:
2341:
2333:
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2100:
2026:
1969:
1785:
1518:
1342:
977:
964:
871:
716:
Kirste S, Treier M, Wehrle SJ, Becker G, Abdel-Tawab M, Gerbeth K, et al. (2011).
627:
600:
491:
466:
419:
386:
96:
50:
17:
3156:
3019:
1690:
1685:
1660:
1561:
1531:
1499:
1484:
1107:
368:
161:
148:
Laufer, S (2003). "Role of eicosanoids in structural degradation in osteoarthritis".
535:
2854:
2640:
1992:
1823:
1695:
1680:
1655:
1504:
1489:
1388:
1264:
816:
442:
177:
76:
785:
519:
344:
3097:
3034:
2683:
2472:
2417:
2023:
1798:
1774:
1733:
1723:
1675:
1665:
1546:
1541:
1430:
1379:
1352:
1347:
954:
38:
554:
263:)-(-)-enantiomers are pharmacologically active as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors in
2991:
2928:
2665:
2457:
2432:
1838:
1833:
1769:
1728:
1705:
1650:
1632:
1536:
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1440:
1435:
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1384:
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1338:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1303:
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402:
84:
410:
352:
305:
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1828:
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72:
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360:
313:
221:
169:
617:
212:
195:
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2960:
2874:
2807:
2698:
2655:
2362:
2151:
1751:
1642:
1277:
80:
61:
46:
41:. The overproduction of leukotrienes is a major cause of inflammation in
734:
717:
2707:
482:
297:
2933:
2736:
2590:
1939:
1464:
1256:
886:
42:
1934:
1468:
1171:
700:
1996:
1224:
789:
656:"Topical application of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)"
56:
Examples of 5-LOX inhibitors include the pharmaceutical drugs
64:
and the natural products myxochelins/pseudochelin as well as
2551:
2488:
2315:
3117:
2712:
2301:
136:
Lehninger's
Principles of Biochemistry, Fifth Edition
2885:
2785:
2747:
245:. Cornerstone Therapeutics Inc. June 2012. p. 1
3009:
2974:
2942:
2910:
2883:
2821:
2783:
2745:
2608:
2606:
2589:
2549:
2486:
2313:
2299:
2210:
2067:
2053:
2036:
1880:
Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol
1847:
1811:
1783:
1760:
1742:
1714:
1704:
1641:
1618:
1570:
1517:
1449:
1407:
1361:
1285:
1272:
1198:
1170:
1046:
953:
870:
863:
827:
654:Wölfle U, Seelinger G, Schempp CM (February 2014).
116:Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5-inhibiting drugs
33:are compounds that slow or stop the action of the
2212:
2069:
2976:
2944:
2823:
781:Human Metabolome Database – Metabolites of 5-LOX
2912:
2055:
1865:Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide
194:Bishayee K, Khuda-Bukhsh AR (September 2013).
189:
187:
3137:
2008:
1905:Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone
1236:
801:
8:
1875:Budesonide/glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol
3144:
3130:
3045:5-HPETE (arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide)
2603:
2310:
2064:
2050:
2015:
2001:
1993:
1711:
1282:
1243:
1229:
1221:
867:
808:
794:
786:
449:. 3.6. University of Alberta. 30 June 2013
243:United States Food and Drug Administration
763:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
733:
671:
626:
616:
490:
418:
282:"Myxochelins Target Human 5-Lipoxygenase"
211:
2559:Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor E
2496:Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2
2323:Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1
127:
2306:Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor
1744:Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors
200:Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai)
31:Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors
138:. W.H. Freeman and Co., 2008, p. 359.
7:
3094:
3092:
2894:Tooltip Leukotriene B4 ω-hydroxylase
2790:Tooltip Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase
2752:Tooltip Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase
1940:Theophylline/ephedrine/phenobarbital
380:
378:
2613:Tooltip Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
3116:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1935:Theophylline/ephedrine/hydroxyzine
1900:Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide
605:Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
25:
3025:γ-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid)
2679:Meclofenamic acid (meclofenamate)
2220:Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor 2
2077:Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor 1
1925:Salbutamol (albuterol)/budesonide
1895:Glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol
1890:Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol
134:David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox.
95:Acetyl-keto-beta-boswellic acid (
3096:
2984:Tooltip Leukotriene D4 hydrolase
2953:Tooltip Leukotriene C4 hydrolase
2832:Tooltip Leukotriene A4 hydrolase
1762:Thromboxane receptor antagonists
162:10.1097/00002281-200309000-00017
3077:Prostanoid signaling modulators
2921:Tooltip Leukotriene C4 synthase
2060:Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor
1945:Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol
1915:Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol
1885:Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol
1500:Orciprenaline (metaproterenol)
1:
3168:Respiratory system drug stubs
3070:Receptor/signaling modulators
1855:Aclidinium bromide/formoterol
1343:Levosalbutamol (levalbuterol)
1490:Isoprenaline (isoproterenol)
520:10.1080/10286020.2011.584532
345:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00403
1465:+theophylline/phenobarbital
1253:obstructive airway diseases
333:Journal of Natural Products
286:Journal of Natural Products
35:arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
3184:
3091:
986:Dihydropteroate synthetase
845:Non-competitive inhibition
555:10.1078/094471103321659951
236:"Zyflo (Zileuton tablets)"
3163:Oxidoreductase inhibitors
3061:
1953:
1206:Steroidogenesis inhibitor
403:10.1038/s41589-020-0544-7
66:nordihydroguaiaretic acid
3108:article relating to the
1860:Beclometasone/formoterol
1469:theophylline/hydroxyzine
1409:Ultra-long-acting β
1142:Matrix metalloproteinase
945:Ribonucleotide reductase
840:Uncompetitive inhibition
765:Medical Subject Headings
3030:Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid
1716:Leukotriene antagonists
911:Dihydrofolate reductase
761:Lipoxygenase+inhibitors
391:Nature Chemical Biology
18:Lipoxygenase inhibitors
1930:Theophylline/ephedrine
1910:Indacaterol/mometasone
1671:Choline theophyllinate
1590:Glycopyrronium bromide
1552:Fluticasone propionate
1339:Salbutamol (albuterol)
1007:Nucleotidyltransferase
835:Competitive inhibition
673:10.1055/s-0033-1351019
111:Antileukotriene agents
2966:Serine-borate complex
2132:CGS-23131 (LY-223982)
1920:Mometasone/formoterol
1870:Budesonide/formoterol
1620:Mast cell stabilizers
1577:muscarinic antagonist
1017:Reverse transcriptase
699:Simon Kirste (2009).
2902:17-Octadecynoic acid
2672:Hypericum perforatum
1848:Combination products
1610:Umeclidinium bromide
1063:Acetylcholinesterase
970:Thymidylate synthase
508:J Asian Nat Prod Res
58:meclofenamate sodium
2997:Ubenimex (bestatin)
2875:Ubenimex (bestatin)
1595:Ipratropium bromide
1287:Short-acting β
1157:Histone deacetylase
991:Farnesyltransferase
771:MeSH list of agents
618:10.1155/2014/960258
213:10.1093/abbs/gmt064
150:Curr Opin Rheumatol
3110:respiratory system
2765:3-Methoxytropolone
2689:N-Stearoyldopamine
1980:Never to phase III
1605:Tiotropium bromide
1600:Oxitropium bromide
1585:Aclidinium bromide
1363:Long-acting β
1190:Carbonic anhydrase
1182:Dopa decarboxylase
850:Suicide inhibition
735:10.1002/cncr.25945
3125:
3124:
3086:
3085:
3005:
3004:
2674:(St. John's Wort)
2600:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2295:
2294:
2047:
1990:
1989:
1807:
1806:
1513:
1512:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1086:Alpha-glucosidase
1076:Polygalacturonase
1058:Phosphodiesterase
999:GABA transaminase
903:Monoamine oxidase
887:HMG-CoA reductase
821:enzyme inhibition
570:Indian J Exp Biol
483:10.1021/jf0710074
471:J Agric Food Chem
298:10.1021/np500909b
16:(Redirected from
3175:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3100:
3093:
3040:Arachidonic acid
2985:
2981:
2954:
2950:
2922:
2918:
2895:
2891:
2833:
2829:
2791:
2787:
2753:
2749:
2713:
2709:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2594:
2560:
2556:
2497:
2493:
2324:
2320:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2221:
2217:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2041:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1712:
1572:Anticholinergics
1283:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1222:
940:Xanthine oxidase
882:Aldose reductase
868:
855:Mixed inhibition
810:
803:
796:
787:
748:
747:
737:
713:
707:
706:
696:
690:
689:
675:
651:
645:
644:
630:
620:
596:
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585:
566:
539:
504:
494:
462:
456:
454:
439:
433:
432:
422:
382:
373:
372:
339:(9): 2544–2549.
324:
318:
317:
277:
271:
270:
252:
250:
240:
232:
226:
225:
215:
191:
182:
181:
145:
139:
132:
21:
3183:
3182:
3178:
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3174:
3173:
3172:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3057:
3053:
3001:
2983:
2980:
2970:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2789:
2779:
2751:
2741:
2711:
2612:
2593:
2577:
2573:
2558:
2555:
2545:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2495:
2492:
2482:
2353:
2345:
2337:
2322:
2319:
2305:
2291:
2267:
2259:
2219:
2216:
2206:
2122:
2104:
2096:
2076:
2073:
2059:
2040:
2032:
2021:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1970:Clinical trials
1949:
1843:
1803:
1786:PDE4 inhibitors
1779:
1756:
1738:
1700:
1637:
1614:
1575:
1566:
1519:Glucocorticoids
1509:
1495:Methylephedrine
1445:
1412:
1403:
1366:
1357:
1290:
1268:
1249:
1219:
1210:
1194:
1166:
1042:
1029:Tyrosine kinase
949:
859:
823:
814:
757:
752:
751:
728:(16): 3788–95.
715:
714:
710:
698:
697:
693:
666:(2–3): 109–20.
653:
652:
648:
598:
597:
593:
588:
586:
567:
540:
505:
477:(18): 7323–31.
464:
463:
452:
450:
441:
440:
436:
384:
383:
376:
326:
325:
321:
279:
278:
274:
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185:
147:
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133:
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107:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3181:
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3170:
3165:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3101:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3035:Diacylglycerol
3032:
3027:
3022:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2978:
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2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
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2940:
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2925:
2923:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2601:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2308:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:20-Hydroxy-LTB
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2119:20-Carboxy-LTB
2112:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2093:20-Hydroxy-LTB
2090:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2062:
2048:
2034:
2033:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1812:Others/unknown
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1280:
1270:
1269:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1162:Beta-lactamase
1159:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1024:Protein kinase
1021:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1002:
1001:
994:
993:
988:
981:
980:
973:
972:
967:
960:
958:
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
935:
934:
929:
922:
921:
914:
913:
906:
905:
898:
897:
890:
889:
884:
877:
875:
872:Oxidoreductase
865:
861:
860:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
831:
829:
825:
824:
815:
813:
812:
805:
798:
790:
784:
783:
778:
768:
756:
755:External links
753:
750:
749:
708:
691:
646:
591:
576:(12): 1302–4.
549:(2–3): 206–8.
434:
397:(7): 783–790.
374:
319:
292:(2): 335–338.
272:
227:
206:(9): 709–719.
183:
156:(5): 623–627.
140:
126:
125:
123:
120:
119:
118:
113:
106:
103:
89:St John's wort
51:osteoarthritis
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3180:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3050:Leukotriene A
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:Linoleic acid
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2892:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2574:
2570:Leukotriene E
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2523:Leukotriene E
2521:
2519:
2515:Leukotriene D
2513:
2511:
2507:Leukotriene C
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2350:Leukotriene E
2348:
2346:
2342:Leukotriene D
2340:
2338:
2334:Leukotriene C
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2264:Leukotriene B
2262:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2101:Leukotriene B
2099:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1784:Non-xanthine
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1691:Proxyphylline
1689:
1687:
1686:Etamiphylline
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1661:Aminophylline
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1562:Triamcinolone
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:Betamethasone
1530:
1528:
1527:Beclometasone
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1485:Hexoprenaline
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:+theophylline
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:Miscellaneous
1197:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:Enkephalinase
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:Endopeptidase
1113:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:Neuraminidase
1079:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
989:
987:
983:
982:
979:
975:
974:
971:
968:
966:
962:
961:
959:
956:
952:
946:
943:
941:
937:
936:
933:
930:
928:
924:
923:
920:
916:
915:
912:
908:
907:
904:
900:
899:
896:
892:
891:
888:
885:
883:
879:
878:
876:
873:
869:
866:
862:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
811:
806:
804:
799:
797:
792:
791:
788:
782:
779:
777:
776:
772:
769:
766:
762:
759:
758:
754:
745:
741:
736:
731:
727:
723:
719:
712:
709:
704:
703:
695:
692:
688:
683:
679:
674:
669:
665:
661:
657:
650:
647:
643:
638:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
595:
592:
583:
579:
575:
571:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:Phytomedicine
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
514:(8): 688–99.
513:
509:
502:
498:
493:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
461:
448:
444:
438:
435:
430:
426:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
381:
379:
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
323:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
244:
237:
231:
228:
223:
219:
214:
209:
205:
201:
197:
190:
188:
184:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
144:
141:
137:
131:
128:
121:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
104:
102:
100:
98:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3118:expanding it
3103:
3088:
3075:
3068:
3016:
2860:JNJ-26993135
2855:Fosinoprilat
2705:
2671:
2641:Caffeic acid
2566:
2533:Antagonists:
2532:
2503:
2360:Antagonists:
2359:
2330:
2274:Antagonists:
2273:
2227:
2116:Antagonists:
2115:
2084:
1824:Ensifentrine
1743:
1696:Theophylline
1681:Enprofylline
1656:Ambuphylline
1628:Cromoglicate
1505:Racephedrine
1389:Arformoterol
1131:
1098:Exopeptidase
1068:Ribonuclease
1034:Janus kinase
919:Lipoxygenase
895:5α-Reductase
817:Pharmacology
773:
725:
721:
711:
701:
694:
685:
663:
659:
649:
640:
608:
604:
594:
573:
569:
546:
542:
511:
507:
474:
470:
458:
451:. Retrieved
446:
437:
394:
390:
336:
332:
322:
289:
285:
275:
264:
260:
259:)-(+)- and (
256:
254:
247:. Retrieved
242:
230:
203:
199:
153:
149:
143:
135:
130:
94:
93:
77:caffeic acid
70:
55:
39:leukotrienes
30:
29:
3017:Precursors:
2840:Acebilustat
2714:inhibitors:
2684:Minocycline
2473:Zafirlukast
2418:Montelukast
2024:Leukotriene
1966:from market
1799:Roflumilast
1775:Seratrodast
1734:Zafirlukast
1724:Montelukast
1676:Doxofylline
1666:Bamifylline
1547:Flunisolide
1542:Ciclesonide
1475:Epinephrine
1431:Indacaterol
1380:Clenbuterol
1353:Tulobuterol
1348:Terbutaline
1274:Adrenergics
1147:Oxytocinase
955:Transferase
453:12 December
249:12 December
45:, allergic
3157:Categories
2992:Cilastatin
2929:Azelastine
2694:Timegadine
2666:Hyperforin
2597:inhibitors
2463:Tomelukast
2458:Tipelukast
2443:SKF-104353
2438:Ritolukast
2433:Pranlukast
2428:Pobilukast
2408:Masilukast
2393:ICI-198615
2383:Cinalukast
2192:Ticolubant
2162:Moxilubant
2137:CGS-25019C
2030:modulators
1839:Omalizumab
1834:Fenspiride
1770:Ramatroban
1729:Pranlukast
1708:inhibition
1706:Eicosanoid
1651:Acefylline
1633:Nedocromil
1557:Mometasone
1537:Budesonide
1480:Etafedrine
1441:Vilanterol
1436:Olodaterol
1426:Carmoterol
1421:Abediterol
1399:Salmefamol
1394:Salmeterol
1385:Formoterol
1375:Bambuterol
1329:Reproterol
1324:Procaterol
1319:Pirbuterol
1314:Isoetarine
1304:Carbuterol
1299:Bitolterol
1251:Drugs for
660:Planta Med
611:: 960258.
447:Hyperforin
122:References
85:hyperforin
27:Drug class
2870:SC-57461A
2845:Captopril
2813:PD-146176
2770:Baicalein
2661:Fenleuton
2626:Baicalein
2567:Agonists:
2504:Agonists:
2468:Verlukast
2403:LY-170680
2398:Iralukast
2388:FPL-55712
2331:Agonists:
2287:ZK-158252
2282:LY-255283
2277:CP-195543
2228:Agonists:
2202:ZK-158252
2182:SB-209247
2157:LY-293111
2147:CP-195543
2142:CP-105696
2127:Amelubant
2109:LY-255283
2085:Agonists:
2027:signaling
1976:Phase III
1964:Withdrawn
1829:Eprozinol
1819:Amlexanox
1794:Ibudilast
1643:Xanthines
1457:Ephedrine
1334:Rimiterol
1309:Fenoterol
1278:inhalants
1048:Hydrolase
1012:Integrase
927:Aromatase
864:Substrate
443:"Enzymes"
411:1552-4450
369:201675694
353:0163-3864
306:0163-3864
73:baicalein
3065:See also
2961:Acivicin
2808:Luteolin
2727:BAYx1005
2699:Zileuton
2656:Curcumin
2651:CJ-13610
2541:BAYu9916
2536:BAYu9773
2453:Sulukast
2423:ONO-1078
2378:BAYx7195
2373:BAYu9916
2368:BAYu9773
2363:Ablukast
2251:15-HpETE
2241:12-HpETE
2187:SC-53228
2177:RP-69698
2172:RG-14893
2167:ONO-4057
2152:Etalocib
2038:Receptor
1752:Zileuton
1413:agonists
1367:agonists
1291:agonists
1094:Protease
775:82016859
744:21287538
682:24214835
637:24976853
582:12018529
563:12725578
536:43743086
528:21751836
501:17696442
429:32393899
361:31465225
314:25686392
265:in vitro
222:23752617
170:12960491
105:See also
81:curcumin
68:(NDGA).
62:zileuton
47:rhinitis
2865:SA-6541
2636:BW-B70C
2478:ZD-3523
2448:SR-2640
2246:15-HETE
2231:12-HETE
2197:U-75302
2088:12-HETE
2044:ligands
1120:Trypsin
628:4058220
492:2365463
420:7747934
178:1103848
3010:Others
2934:MK-886
2850:DG-051
2798:2-TEDC
2786:15-LOX
2760:2-TEDC
2748:12-LOX
2737:MK-886
2732:MK-591
2722:AM-679
2717:AM-103
2631:BW-A4C
2621:2-TEDC
2591:Enzyme
2413:MK-571
2236:12-HHT
1959:WHO-EM
1257:asthma
1174:(EC 4)
1050:(EC 3)
957:(EC 2)
917:1.13
874:(EC 1)
767:(MeSH)
742:
722:Cancer
680:
635:
625:
580:
561:
534:
526:
499:
489:
427:
417:
409:
367:
359:
351:
312:
304:
220:
176:
168:
49:, and
43:asthma
3112:is a
3104:This
2609:5-LOX
2552:CysLT
2489:CysLT
2316:CysLT
2302:CysLT
1450:Other
1172:Lyase
1132:Mixed
1125:Renin
1103:DPP-4
938:1.17
932:COX-2
925:1.14
828:Class
532:S2CID
365:S2CID
239:(PDF)
174:S2CID
3114:stub
3106:drug
2708:FLAP
1261:COPD
1188:4.2
1180:4.1
1155:3.5
1092:3.4
1074:3.2
1056:3.1
1005:2.7
997:2.6
984:2.5
978:PARP
976:2.4
965:COMT
963:2.1
909:1.5
901:1.4
893:1.3
880:1.1
740:PMID
678:PMID
633:PMID
609:2014
578:PMID
559:PMID
524:PMID
497:PMID
455:2014
425:PMID
407:ISSN
357:PMID
349:ISSN
310:PMID
302:ISSN
251:2014
218:PMID
166:PMID
97:AKBA
87:and
2977:LTD
2945:LTC
2913:LTC
2886:LTB
2824:LTA
2803:CDC
2775:CDC
2646:CDC
2213:BLT
2070:BLT
2056:BLT
1265:R03
1108:ACE
730:doi
726:117
668:doi
623:PMC
613:doi
551:doi
516:doi
487:PMC
479:doi
415:PMC
399:doi
341:doi
294:doi
208:doi
158:doi
3159::
1972::
1467:,
1463:,
1276:,
1255::
1096::
819::
738:.
724:.
720:.
684:.
676:.
664:80
662:.
658:.
639:.
631:.
621:.
607:.
603:.
574:39
572:.
557:.
547:10
545:.
530:.
522:.
512:13
510:.
495:.
485:.
475:55
473:.
469:.
457:.
445:.
423:.
413:.
405:.
395:16
393:.
389:.
377:^
363:.
355:.
347:.
337:82
335:.
331:.
308:.
300:.
290:78
288:.
284:.
253:.
241:.
216:.
204:45
202:.
198:.
186:^
172:.
164:.
154:15
152:.
91:.
83:,
79:,
75:,
60:,
53:.
3145:e
3138:t
3131:v
3120:.
3052:4
2979:4
2949:H
2947:4
2917:S
2915:4
2890:H
2888:4
2828:H
2826:4
2599:)
2595:(
2572:4
2554:E
2525:4
2517:4
2509:4
2491:2
2352:4
2344:4
2336:4
2318:1
2266:4
2258:4
2215:2
2121:4
2103:4
2095:4
2072:1
2046:)
2042:(
2016:e
2009:t
2002:v
1574:/
1471:)
1459:(
1411:2
1387:/
1365:2
1341:/
1289:2
1267:)
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1259:/
1244:e
1237:t
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809:e
802:t
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746:.
732::
670::
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518::
503:.
481::
431:.
401::
371:.
343::
316:.
296::
261:S
257:R
224:.
210::
180:.
160::
99:)
20:)
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