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step can vary, in both its actual chemical reaction and when it will occur. Lipid peroxidation is a self-propagating chain reaction and will proceed until the lipid substrate is consumed and the last two remaining radicals combine, or a reaction which terminates it occurs. Termination can occur when
512:
reactive substances assay). Thiobarbituric acid reacts with malondialdehyde to yield a fluorescent product. However, there are other sources of malondialdehyde, so this test is not completely specific for lipid peroxidation.
492:
On the other hand, it's unclear whether dietary lipid peroxides are bioavailable and play a role in disease, as a healthy human body has protective mechanisms in place against such hazards.
1137:
374:
Antioxidants play a crucial role in mitigating lipid peroxidation by neutralizing free radicals, thereby halting radical chain reactions. Key antioxidants include
970:
Ostrea, Enrique M.; Cepeda, Eugene E.; Fleury, Cheryl A.; Balun, James E. (1985). "Red Cell
Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Hemolysis Secondary to Phototherapy".
489:) knockout mice. These animals do not survive past embryonic day 8, indicating that the removal of lipid hydroperoxides is essential for mammalian life.
370:
Free radical mechanisms in tissue injury. Lipid peroxidation induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination).
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with thiol or amine groups in amino acid side chains. Thus, they are able to inactivate sensitive proteins through electrophilic stress.
155:
by hydroxyl radical, which abstracts hydrogen and forms a pentadienyl radical (only one resonance structure shown). This radical adds O
163:
step, this hydroperoxyl radical abstracts an H atom from a new diene, generating a new pentadienyl radical and a hydroperoxide (blue).
1053:
Bochkov, Valery N.; Oskolkova, Olga V.; Birukov, Konstantin G.; Levonen, Anna-Liisa; Binder, Christoph J.; Stockl, Johannes (2010).
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345:
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1102:
Muller, F. L., Lustgarten, M. S., Jang, Y., Richardson, A. and Van Remmen, H. (2007). "Trends in oxidative aging theories".
77:
718:
Porter, Ned A.; Caldwell, Sarah E.; Mills, Karen A. (1995). "Mechanisms of free radical oxidation of unsaturated lipids".
921:
Huang, Han-Yao; Appel, Lawrence J.; Croft, Kevin D.; Miller, Edgar R.; Mori, Trevor A.; Puddey, Ian B. (September 2002).
500:
Certain diagnostic tests are available for the quantification of the end-products of lipid peroxidation, to be specific,
485:
The toxicity of lipid hydroperoxides to animals is best illustrated by the lethal phenotype of glutathione peroxidase 4 (
349:
297:, whilst the lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) is the primary end product. The formation of lipid radicals is sensitive to the
226:
73:
1270:
815:"Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal"
594:"Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal"
1249:
923:"Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on in vivo lipid peroxidation: results of a randomized controlled trial"
65:
298:
762:
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387:
202:
31:
509:
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Trevisan, M.; Browne, R; Ram, M; Muti, P; Freudenheim, J; Carosella, A. M.; Armstrong, D (2001).
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417:) to form a vitamin E radical, which further reacts with another lipid hydroperoxyl radical (
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271:) can further abstract hydrogen from a new PUFA substrate, forming another lipid radical (
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123:, lipid peroxidation plays a role in cell damage which has broadly been implicated in the
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As an example, vitamin E can donate a hydrogen atom to the lipid hydroperoxyl radical (
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Marnett, LJ (March 1999). "Lipid peroxidation-DNA damage by malondialdehyde".
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The primary products of lipid peroxidation are lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH).
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874:"Small amounts of isotope-reinforced PUFAs suppress lipid autoxidation"
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in the membrane can suppress the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation.
210:
1203:"Correlates of Markers of Oxidative Status in the General Population"
128:
49:
286:) can also undergo a variety of reactions to produce new radicals.
765:, in Caballero, Benjamin; Finglas, Paul M.; Toldrá, Fidel (eds.),
505:
365:
813:
Ayala, Antonio; Muñoz, Mario F.; Argüelles, Sandro (2014-05-08).
1055:"Generation and Biological Activities of Oxidized Phospholipids"
486:
325:). Termination can also occur when the concentration of radical
464:
1151:
Vieira, Samantha A.; Zhang, Guodong; Decker, Eric A. (2017).
27:
Reaction(s) leading to production of (phospho)lipid peroxides
592:
Ayala, Antonio; Muñoz, Mario F.; Argüelles, Sandro (2014).
761:
Mozuraityte, R.; Kristinova, V.; Rustad, T. (2016-01-01),
406:, which is a prevalent precursor of the hydroxyl radical (
660:"Lipid Peroxidation and Its Toxicological Implications"
439:
In addition, end-products of lipid peroxidation may be
1153:"Biological Implications of Lipid Oxidation Products"
432:may cause lipid peroxidation leading to rupture of
225:(=CH−) on the stable lipid substrate, typically a
127:of various diseases and disease states, including
171:of lipid peroxidation consists of three phases:
504:(MDA). The most commonly used test is called a
135:lipid peroxidation is one of many pathways to
1157:Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
8:
1136:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
769:, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 186–190,
549:"Aging and Degradation of Printed Materials"
1013:
1011:
1009:
151:Simplified pathway for lipid autoxidation:
30:"LOPs" redirects here. For other uses, see
927:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
80:. This reaction leads to the formation of
1248:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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819:Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
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598:Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
159:to give hydroperoxyl radical (red). In a
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48:that leads to oxidative degradation of
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7:
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1116:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.034
890:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.004
878:Free Radical Biology & Medicine
267:). The lipid hydroperoxyl radical (
229:(PUFA), to form the lipid radical (
68:(ROS), interact with lipids within
1059:Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
984:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10987.x
775:10.1016/b978-0-12-384947-2.00508-0
561:10.1016/b978-0-323-37468-2.00022-1
96:), which in turn react with other
25:
1104:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
474:Reactive aldehydes can also form
421:) forming non-radical products.
313:two lipid hydroperoxyl radicals (
1207:American Journal of Epidemiology
447:. For instance, the end-product
346:hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
282:The lipid hydroperoxyl radical (
52:, resulting in the formation of
1183:from the original on 2021-04-13
791:from the original on 2022-05-04
767:Encyclopedia of Food and Health
336:Arachidonic acid as a substrate
872:Hill, S.; et al. (2012).
763:"Oxidation of Food Components"
555:, Elsevier, pp. 353–370,
289:The additional lipid radical (
84:, collectively referred to as
1:
1032:10.1016/s0027-5107(99)00010-x
350:hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids
436:cell membranes in this way.
402:by reducing the presence of
60:derivatives. It occurs when
1276:Organic oxidation reactions
658:Nam, Tae-Gyu (2011-03-01).
344:is a substrate, isomers of
74:polyunsaturated fatty acids
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359:
275:) and now finally a lipid
244:phase, the lipid radical (
227:polyunsaturated fatty acid
78:carbon–carbon double bonds
29:
1169:10.1007/s11746-017-2958-2
547:Izdebska, Joanna (2016),
1250:Medical Subject Headings
676:10.5487/TR.2011.27.1.001
90:lipid oxidation products
1281:Organic redox reactions
66:reactive oxygen species
664:Toxicological Research
371:
299:kinetic isotope effect
164:
1266:Biochemical reactions
1220:10.1093/aje/154.4.348
1071:10.1089/ars.2009.2597
940:10.1093/ajcn/76.3.549
369:
150:
76:(PUFAs) as they have
553:Printing on Polymers
425:Medical implications
388:superoxide dismutase
356:Role of antioxidants
352:(HETEs) are formed.
261:hydroperoxyl radical
32:LOP (disambiguation)
832:10.1155/2014/360438
611:10.1155/2014/360438
510:thiobarbituric acid
463:to them, primarily
18:Lipid hydroperoxide
1246:Lipid+peroxidation
732:10.1007/BF02536034
400:oxidation response
398:contribute to the
372:
259:) to form a lipid
165:
143:Reaction mechanism
38:Lipid peroxidation
1020:Mutation Research
784:978-0-12-384953-3
570:978-0-323-37468-2
404:hydrogen peroxide
303:Reinforced lipids
169:chemical reaction
16:(Redirected from
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342:arachidonic acid
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293:) continues the
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270:
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250:molecular oxygen
247:
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195:hydroxyl radical
106:oxidative stress
104:that results in
98:oxidizing agents
46:chemical process
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42:lipid oxidation
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1163:(3): 339–351.
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1110:(4): 477–503.
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978:(3): 378–381.
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457:deoxyguanosine
453:deoxyadenosine
434:red blood cell
426:
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360:Main article:
357:
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337:
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322:
295:chain reaction
248:) reacts with
234:
233:) and water (H
223:methine bridge
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102:chain reaction
82:lipid radicals
70:cell membranes
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321:and oxygen (O
320:
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304:
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296:
287:
280:
278:
277:hydroperoxide
262:
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213:position (–CH
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62:free radicals
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58:hydroperoxide
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1185:. Retrieved
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793:, retrieved
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667:
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601:
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574:, retrieved
552:
542:
523:Autoxidation
499:
491:
484:
480:Schiff bases
473:
451:reacts with
445:carcinogenic
438:
430:Phototherapy
428:
412:
373:
362:Antioxidants
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309:
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241:
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133:food science
125:pathogenesis
114:
93:
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72:, typically
41:
37:
36:
825:: e360438.
461:DNA adducts
310:termination
242:propagation
192:pro-oxidant
181:termination
177:propagation
161:propagation
110:cell damage
1260:Categories
1187:2021-04-13
795:2024-03-15
670:(1): 1–6.
576:2024-03-15
534:References
396:peroxidase
386:including
188:initiation
173:initiation
949:0002-9165
841:1942-0900
684:1976-8257
620:1942-0900
441:mutagenic
380:vitamin E
376:vitamin C
329:is high.
279:(LOOH).
203:abstracts
190:phase, a
153:Initiated
137:rancidity
117:pathology
1229:11495858
1181:Archived
1177:90319530
1124:17640558
1089:19686040
1040:10064852
1000:39547619
957:12197998
908:22705367
859:24999379
789:archived
702:24278542
638:24999379
604:: 1–31.
517:See also
392:catalase
319:peroxide
207:hydrogen
121:medicine
54:peroxide
1080:3121779
992:4003061
899:3437768
850:4066722
748:4051766
740:7609594
693:3834518
629:4066722
508:Assay (
384:enzymes
327:species
240:In the
211:allylic
209:at the
186:In the
1252:(MeSH)
1227:
1175:
1122:
1087:
1077:
1038:
998:
990:
955:
947:
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896:
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738:
720:Lipids
700:
690:
682:
636:
626:
618:
567:
394:, and
217:–CH=CH
179:, and
129:ageing
50:lipids
1173:S2CID
996:S2CID
744:S2CID
506:TBARS
496:Tests
340:When
221:) or
40:, or
1225:PMID
1138:link
1120:PMID
1085:PMID
1036:PMID
988:PMID
953:PMID
945:ISSN
904:PMID
855:PMID
837:ISSN
823:2014
779:ISBN
736:PMID
698:PMID
680:ISSN
634:PMID
616:ISSN
602:2014
565:ISBN
487:GPX4
455:and
443:and
419:LOO•
415:LOO•
378:and
315:LOO•
308:The
284:LOO•
269:LOO•
265:LOO•
237:O).
205:the
167:The
119:and
108:and
94:LOPs
56:and
1215:doi
1211:154
1165:doi
1112:doi
1075:PMC
1067:doi
1028:doi
1024:424
980:doi
935:doi
894:PMC
886:doi
845:PMC
827:doi
771:doi
728:doi
688:PMC
672:doi
624:PMC
606:doi
557:doi
478:or
449:MDA
410:).
408:OH•
199:OH•
115:In
88:or
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