492:
611:(Wattad in Tatar, or "defender of Muslims in non Muslim lands"), who encouraged and supported their settlement in the late 14th and early 15th century, in great esteem, including him in many legends, prayers and their folklore. Throughout the 20th and since the 21st centuries, most Tatars no longer view religious identity as being as important as it once was, and the religious and linguistic subgroups have intermingled considerably; for example, the Tatar women in Poland do not practice veiling (wearing headscarf/hijab) or view it as a mandatory religious obligation, but rather an influence of Arab culture on Islamic customs. Many Polish Tatars, especially and mainly the youth, also drink alcohol.
1666:
1657:
1534:
1566:
1630:
1582:
716:
481:
1598:
1123:
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2174:
705:
1614:
1550:
503:. Although Lipka Tatars are a Turkic people, they have been using Lithuanian, Polish, Belarusian or Russian as their means of daily communication for centuries and the bilingual text of the Dastan gives an example of how important Islamic texts where brought into their actual language. The Slavic translation is written in modified Arabic characters with special letters to indicate sounds that do not exist in Arabic or Turkic.
1284:
1115:
53:
449:. Co-education of male and female children was the norm, and Lipka women did not wear the veil – except at the marriage ceremony. While traditionally Islamic, the customs and religious practices of the Lipka Tatars also accommodated many Christian elements adopted during their 600 years' residence in Belarus, Poland, Ukraine and Lithuania while still maintaining the traditions and superstitions from their nomadic past.
837:. Companies of Lipka Tatar light cavalry for a long time constituted one of the foundations of the military power of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Lithuanian Tatars, from the very beginning of their residence in Lithuania were known as the Lipkas. They united their fate with that of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. From the Battle of Grunwald onwards they participated in every significant military campaign.
2391:
2454:
109:
91:
127:
2122:
Pankratov, Vasili; Litvinov, Sergei; Kassian, Alexei; Shulhin, Dzmitry; Tchebotarev, Lieve; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Möls, Märt; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Rootsi, Siiri; Metspalu, Ene; Golubenko, Maria; Ekomasova, Natalia; Akhatova, Farida; Khusnutdinova, Elza; Heyer, Evelyne; Endicott,
996:
that was to turn the tide of
Islamic expansion into Europe and mark the beginning of the end for the Ottoman Empire. The Lipka Tatars who fought on the Polish side at the Battle of Vienna, on 12 September 1683, wore a sprig of straw in their helmets to distinguish themselves from the Tatars fighting
761:
on the other (c. 27,000 troops). The
Teutonic knights were defeated and never recovered their former influence. After the battle, rumours spread across Europe that the Germans had only been defeated thanks to the aid of tens of thousands of heathen Tatars, though it is likely there were no more than
1268:
According to the whole genome sequencing, around two-thirds of the Lipka Tatar genomes are composed of the
European and Middle Eastern/Caucasus components, with remaining one-third belonging to two sub-variants of the general east Eurasian component: east Asian and Siberian. Taken together, both PC
1133:
Today there are about 10,000–15,000 Lipka Tatars in the former areas of the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth. The majority of descendants of Tatar families in Poland can trace their descent from the nobles of the early Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Lipka Tatars had settlements in north-east Poland,
951:
in March 1677 confirmed all the ancient Tatar rights and privileges. The Lipka Tatars were permitted to rebuild all their old mosques, to settle
Christian labour on their estates and to buy up noble estates that had not previously belonged to Tatars. The Lipka Tatars were also freed from all
786:
responded by ordering his own heavy cavalry to pursue the Lipkas away from the field of battle, trampling through their own infantry in the process. The resulting destruction of the
Teutonic Knights' line of battle was a major factor in their subsequent defeat. This incident forms one of the
1261:. Some have clear geographical affinities, including east Europe and the Volga–Uralic region (N-Tat, R1a-M458, R1a-M558, R1b-M412 and R1b-M478), Central Asia (R1a-Z2125 and Q-M242), South Siberia (Q-M242 and R1b-M478), the Caucasus and the Middle East (G2a-U1, J1-P58, J2a-M410 and J2b-M12).
471:
Diplomatic correspondence between the
Crimean Khanate and Poland from the early 16th century refers to Poland and Lithuania as the "land of the Poles and the Lipkas". By the 17th century the term Lipka Tatar began to appear in the official documents of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1264:
Dominant Y-DNA haplogroups among Lipka Tatars are R1a (54%) – both Slavic and Steppe
Asiatic one – J2 (18,9 %) which is of Middle Eastern and south Asian origin, and haplogroup Q (10,8 %). Other haplogroups are G (8.1%), N (5.4%) and J1 (2.7%).
724:
433:"small lime-tree"; this etymology was suggested by the Tatar author S. Tuhan-Baranowski. A less frequent Polish form, Łubka, is corroborated in Łubka/Łupka, the Crimean Tatar name of the Lipkas up to the end of the 19th century. The Crimean Tatar term
1160:
A number of the Polish Tatars emigrated to the US at the beginning of the 20th century and settled mostly in the north eastern states, although there is also an enclave in
Florida. A small but active community of Lipka Tatars exists in New York City.
689:
1249:. "Tatars shed their blood in all national independence uprisings. Their blood seeped into the foundations of the reborn Polish Republic," President Komorowski said at the unveiling. The monument is the first of its kind to be erected in Europe.
742:
funded a joint expedition by the forces of Khan
Tokhtamysh and Grand Duke Vytautas against Tamerlane. This campaign was notable for the fact that the Lipka Tatars and Lithuanian armies were armed with handguns, but no major victories were
444:
In religion and culture the Lipka Tatars differed from most Islamic communities in respect of the treatment of their women, who always enjoyed a large degree of freedom, even during the years when the Lipkas were in the service of the
607:. The upper and middle classes in particular adopted Polish language and customs (although they kept Islam as their religion), while the lower ranks became Ruthenized. At the same time, the Tatars held the Lithuanian Grand Duke
491:
665:
whose first khan was Batu, the eldest son of Jochi. In 1382 the White and Golden Hordes sacked and burned Moscow. Tokhtamysh, allied with the great central Asian Tatar conqueror Tamerlane, reasserted Mongol power in
855:
with the Polish king in 1591 on the question of freedom of religious observance for the Lipkas. This was undertaken at the request of Polish Muslims who had accompanied the Polish King's envoy to
1597:
2379:
349:. They initially served as a noble military caste but later they became urban-dwellers known for their crafts, horses, and gardening skills. Throughout centuries they resisted
1986:
Selim Mirza-Juszeński Chazbijewicz, "Szlachta tatarska w Rzeczypospolitej" (Tartar Nobility in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth), Verbum Nobile no 2 (1993), Sopot, Poland,
1773:
851:
movement brought a number of restrictions to the liberties granted to non-Catholics in Poland, the Lipkas amongst others. This led to a diplomatic intervention by Sultan
2570:
2261:
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that brought a temporary end to the Polish–Ottoman wars stipulated that the Lipka Tatars were to be given a free individual choice of whether they wanted to serve the
2069:
1938:
1815:
1141:
Most of the Lipka Tatars (80%) assimilated into the ranks of the nobility in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth while some lower noble Tatars assimilated to the
421:. The record of the name Lipka in Oriental sources permits us to infer an original Libķa/Lipķa, from which the Polish derivative Lipka was formed, with possible
400:
974:. The Tatars received land that had been cleared of the previous occupants, from 0.5 to 7.5 square kilometres per head, according to rank and length of service.
869:. As a reaction to restrictions on their religious freedoms and the erosion of their ancient rights and privileges, the Lipka Tatar regiments stationed in the
1101:(Vilnius) based 13th Cavalry Regiment were one of the last Polish Army units recorded carrying on the fight against the German aggressors while led by Major
4557:
4524:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
1565:
1533:
1425:
2357:
3272:
2372:
1738:
1581:
2191:
1269:
and ADMIXTURE analyses suggest the presence of a significant amount of east Eurasian-specific alleles among the autosomal genomes of Lipka Tatars.
1172:
After the annexation of eastern Poland into the Soviet Union in 1939 and then following World War II, Poland was left with only 2 Tatar villages,
484:
823:'s legal right to retribution on the grounds of the wounding or killing of a nobleman or a member of his family is extended to the Lipka Tatars.
1001:
on the Turkish side. Lipkas visiting Vienna traditionally wear straw hats to commemorate their ancestors' participation in the breaking of the
5228:
2563:
2052:
1031:. A further large scale emigration of Lipkas to Ottoman controlled lands took place early in the 18th century, after the victory won by King
984:
of 1683. This included the 60 Polish Tatars in the light cavalry company of Samuel Mirza Krzeczowski, who was later to save the life of King
1629:
5213:
1493:
797:
514:
began during the 14th century and lasted until the end of the 17th. There was a subsequent wave of Tatar immigrants from Russia after the
5203:
2365:
2123:
Phillip; Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Metspalu, Mait; Davydenko, Oleg; Villems, Richard; Kushniarevich, Alena (25 July 2016).
830:
778:
led the Lipka Tatar and Lithuanian light cavalry on a suicide charge against the Teutonic Knights' artillery positions – the original "
522:
315:
5193:
1967:
Leonard Drożdżewicz, Biographical Dictionary of Polish Tatars of the Twentieth Century, „Znad Wilii", nr 4 (68) z 2016 r., pp. 77–82,
1665:
1656:
927:, and a deal was struck that the Lipkas would return to the Polish side subject to their ancient rights and privileges being restored.
2105:
Leonard Drożdżewicz, Maciej Musa Konopacki (1926–2020). Patriarch of the Polish Orient, „Znad Wilii", nr 4 (84) z 2020 r., s. 10–12,
1549:
754:
5198:
2337:
2307:
2277:
2094:
1258:
1216:
1180:. A significant number of the Tatars in the territories annexed by the USSR repatriated to Poland and clustered in cities such as
5208:
3145:
2556:
2479:
676:, Tokhtamysh and the remnants of his clan were granted asylum and given estates and noble status in Grand Duchy of Lithuania by
3551:
2204:
2125:"East Eurasian ancestry in the middle of Europe: genetic footprints of Steppe nomads in the genomes of Belarusian Lipka Tatars"
1046:
353:
and kept their traditional lifestyle. While they remained very attached to their religion, over time they lost their original
334:
onwards, the Lipka Tatar light cavalry regiments participated in every significant military campaign of Lithuania and Poland.
4550:
2471:
2417:
377:. There are still small groups of Lipka Tatars living in Belarus, Lithuania, and Poland, as well as their communities in the
3065:
3043:
2850:
1200:
where relocated Tatar families resettled has come to be referred to as "the Tatar Hills", or in Polish "Górki Tatarskie".
1076:
5155:
4086:
3265:
1453:
1343:
802:
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In the year 1672, the Tatar subjects rose up in open rebellion against the Commonwealth. This was the widely remembered
1935:
1613:
1588:
3107:
2955:
2579:
1421:
1023:
along the borderlands between the Ottoman Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as well as in the environs of
980:
Many of the Lipka Tatar rebels who returned to the service of the Commonwealth in 1674 were later to take part in the
779:
1036:
5081:
5034:
4152:
2892:
2537:
1846:
1733:
1441:
461:
545:) there were 100 Lipka Tatar settlements with mosques in Poland. The largest communities existed in the cities of
5218:
4785:
4543:
2940:
2639:
2395:
1958:
Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, "Polish or Lithuanian Tartars", Harvard University Press, pg. 990
1873:
1204:
1094:
2251:
2192:
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/geneticheskiy-portret-litovskih-tatar-i-fenomen-mongolskie-zavoevaniya-13-veka
5223:
4624:
4484:
4443:
3611:
2935:
2435:
2106:
1988:
1431:
534:
422:
399:
261:
874:
1057:, the Lipkas played their part in the various national uprisings, and also served alongside the Poles in the
923:, the Lipka Tatars who held the Podolia for Turkey from the stronghold of Bar were besieged by the armies of
913:
as Azja Tuhaj-bejowicz, still remains among the biggest box-office successes in the history of Polish cinema.
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2440:
1968:
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representatives from across Poland and abroad. The monument is a symbol of the important role of Tatars in
661:, the hereditary ruler of the White Horde, crossed west over the Urals and merged the White Horde with the
588:, who was held in great esteem by the Tatar soldiers, many of the Lipkas seeking asylum and service in the
4631:
4474:
2998:
2923:
2501:
2303:"Jewish, Tatar and Karaite communal dialects and their Importance for Byelorussian Historical Linguistics"
2298:
1366:
1197:
1193:
1086:
715:
480:
415:
330:. From the very beginning of their settlement in Lithuania they were known as the Lipka Tatars. From the
5188:
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4130:
3425:
2865:
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2430:
1713:
1518:
1465:
1413:
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1349:
1072:
709:
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Beginning in the late 18th and throughout the 19th century the Lipkas became successively more and more
350:
1365:– Polish politician of, activist in socialist and independence movements and one of the co-founders of
958:
As a reward for their return to the Commonwealth the Lipka Tatars were settled by King Jan Sobieski on
693:
562:
704:
672:
After a series of disastrous military campaigns against his former protector, the great Tatar warlord
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2687:
2631:
2522:
2136:
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1337:
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1054:
783:
2038:
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at the beginning of the 14th century. Lithuanian Tatars, who are descendants of immigrants from the
4333:
3621:
3356:
3018:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2491:
1703:
1012:
878:
848:
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593:
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280:
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155:
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20:
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1748:
1604:
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806:
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515:
495:
Page from the Dastan-ı Miraç a miscellany of religious works written in a Slavic language in the
453:
331:
291:
2034:
1862:
1674:
1521:– Polish artist whose family is of distant Tatar origin (distant paternal Lipka Tatar ancestry)
901:
winning author (1905) who was himself descended from Christianised Lipka Tatars. The 1969 film
5135:
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5024:
4691:
4172:
4071:
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2707:
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2090:
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1512:
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1459:
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1122:
989:
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418:
358:
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TEHLIKEDEKI TÜRK DILLERI II B/ENDANGERED TURKIC LANGUAGES II B: ÖRNEK ÇALISMALAR/CASE STUDIES
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region of south-east Poland abandoned the Commonwealth at the start of the late 17th century
5140:
4930:
4823:
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4731:
4614:
4479:
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3972:
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returned to his command and participated in the struggles with the Ottoman Empire up to the
426:
407:
362:
295:
163:
1328:– Major of the Polish Army; commander of the last Tatar/Islamic unit in the Polish military
680:. The settlement of the Lipka Tatars in Lithuania in 1397 is recorded in the Chronicles of
5002:
4915:
4905:
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4848:
4828:
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4007:
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2019:
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866:
834:
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624:
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374:
342:
265:
159:
3324:
2741:
1515:– mathematician, inventor and electrical engineer (distant paternal Lipka Tatar ancestry)
1233:
In November 2010, a monument to Poland's Tatar populace was unveiled in the port city of
1058:
2177: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
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Selim Mirza-Juszenski Chazbijewicz – translated into English by Paul de Nowina-Konopka
1887:"Belarusian Tatars: Religious, Linguistic and Cultural Peculiarities of the Community"
19:"Lithuanian Tatars" redirects here. For the Tatar population in Lithuania proper, see
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in the Napoleonic Army with Red and White banners of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
441:, later started to be used by the Polish–Lithuanian Tatars to describe themselves.
338:
284:
257:
187:
58:
4775:
3524:
2672:
2245:
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to the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan. The first Khan, Orda was the second son of
57:
One of the variations of the flag of Lipka Tatars, almost resembling the flag of
4945:
4865:
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Islamic Fashion and Anti-Fashion: New Perspectives from Europe and North America
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175:
2194:Генетический портрет литовских татар и феномен «Монгольские завоевания 13 века»
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1874:
https://www.new-east-archive.org/features/show/9945/polish-muslim-lipka-tatars
1718:
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1150:
1020:
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of 1917, although these consisted mostly of political and national activists.
1089:
after the First World War, a Polish Tatar regiment was re-established in the
314:
and later spread to other parts of the Grand Duchy that later became part of
5086:
4981:
4701:
4587:
4403:
4393:
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4307:
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http://www.znadwiliiwilno.lt/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Znad-Wilii-4-84m.pdf
1489:
852:
673:
323:
213:
114:
5041:
2166:
1234:
1181:
1045:
The Polish Lipkas came back into favour during the reign of the last King,
337:
The Lipka Tatar origins can be traced back to the descendant states of the
2548:
1230:
In Poland, the 2011 census showed 1,916 people declaring Tatar ethnicity.
5066:
4853:
4674:
4599:
4513:
4358:
4302:
4288:
4273:
4248:
4238:
4208:
3897:
3884:
3870:
3451:
3070:
2928:
2532:
1969:
http://www.znadwiliiwilno.lt/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Znad-Wilii-68.pdf
1620:
1173:
1166:
889:
856:
816:
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and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on one side (c. 39,000 troops), and the
648:
608:
283:. Towards the end of the 14th century, another wave of Tatars—this time,
276:
5125:
5061:
5019:
4920:
4870:
4793:
4706:
4669:
4448:
4398:
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3892:
3741:
3510:
3464:
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3217:
2897:
2811:
2731:
1315:
1127:
1053:
reaffirmed the noble status of the Polish Lithuanian Tatars. After the
1028:
870:
697:
558:
500:
499:, probably copied in the late 18th or early 19th century CE in western
394:
319:
299:
96:
2148:
2089:
Jan Tyszkiewicz. Z dziejów Tatarów polskich: 1794–1944, Pułtusk 2002,
1334:– Belarusian socio-political, cultural and religious figure, historian
5150:
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3927:
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3154:
2885:
2880:
2860:
2775:
2677:
1319:
1227:) with autonomous branches in Białystok and Gdańsk, began operating.
1189:
1135:
1024:
1016:
971:
967:
636:
566:
390:
327:
311:
307:
303:
132:
4535:
1992:
1886:
510:
The migration of Tatars into the lands of Lithuania and Poland from
1795:"Gyventojų ir būstų surašymai – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas"
1093:
which was distinguished by its own uniforms and banners. After the
600:(1683) that was to turn the tide of Ottoman expansion into Europe.
5007:
4997:
4609:
4521:
4418:
4378:
4283:
4243:
3961:
3956:
3788:
3503:
2902:
2806:
1708:
1282:
1242:
1138:
and Ukraine. Today most reside in Poland, Lithuania, and Belarus.
1098:
1039:, whom the Lipkas had supported in his war against the Saxon King.
739:
703:
687:
640:
628:
570:
542:
490:
479:
468:
until the 1930s. The upper nobility of Lipka Tatars spoke Polish.
403:
398:
63:
3250:
2333:"The Vocabulary of a Byelorussian K'it' ab in the British Museum"
708:
Lipka Tatar family. Hassan Konopacki served as an officer in the
4517:
4509:
1540:
1050:
948:
554:
546:
4539:
3254:
3127:
2552:
2361:
881:
in 1699. The Lipka Rebellion forms the background to the novel
452:
Over time, the lower and middle Lipka Tatar nobles adopted the
2205:"Lithuanian Tatars Nobility DNA Project - Y-DNA Classic Chart"
1847:"Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna – NSP 2011"
1500:, daughter of Ismail Selim Bek Smolsky from Lithuanian Tartary
1402:-winning novelist (paternally of distant Lipka Tatar ancestry)
877:
that were to last until the end of the 17th century with the
700:. It was replaced by another, a more traditional one, in 1867
623:
The Khanate of the White Horde was established as one of the
1863:
https://culture.pl/en/article/in-the-footsteps-of-the-tatars
1184:(Maciej Musa Konopacki – patriarch of the Polish Orient),
1015:-based Lipka Tatars who had remained loyal to the Turkish
3123:
1603:
Mosque, built in Kaunas in 1930, quincentennial year of
1196:
totaling some 3,000 people. One of the neighborhoods of
1905:"Шість століть разом. Сторінки історії забутого народу"
1816:"Eastern Europe and migrants: The mosques of Lithuania"
2246:
A Short History of the Lipka Tatars of the White Horde
2252:
Tartar Nobility in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
525:
and about 400 mosques serving them. According to the
5054:
4990:
4972:
4954:
4784:
4655:
4578:
4571:
4462:
4436:
4181:
4139:
4085:
4057:
3855:
3797:
3764:
3683:
3660:
3490:
3444:
3399:
3368:
3297:
3288:
2981:
2916:
2843:
2825:
2797:
2774:
2724:
2706:
2663:
2630:
2595:
2586:
2510:
2469:
2415:
1434:– Ukrainian statesman, economical scientist of the
181:
169:
141:
123:
105:
87:
82:
72:
1426:Chief of General Staff of Azerbaijani Armed Forces
2262:The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
460:as their native language. However, they used the
275:The first Tatar settlers tried to preserve their
1936:Lietuvos totoriai ir jų šventoji knyga – Koranas
1215:) was formed in Białystok, Poland. In 1992, the
1169:, New York City, and functioned until recently.
1027:and Kamieniec-Podolski and in the town known as
406:commemorative coin for the 600th anniversary of
1374:– American Hollywood actor (father Lipka Tatar)
766:at the battle, the core being the entourage of
537:by an anonymous Polish Muslim during a stay in
1257:Lipka Tatars' paternal gene pool comprises 15
4551:
3266:
3139:
2564:
2373:
2273:"The Byelorussian Tartars and their Writings"
1217:Organization of Tatars of the Polish Republic
992:, a few weeks after the great victory of the
719:Distribution of Lipka Tatars in Poland (1939)
533:, an account of the Lipka Tatars written for
8:
2117:
2115:
1438:(paternally of partial Lipka Tatar ancestry)
318:. These areas comprise parts of present-day
31:
1450:– Malaysian politician (mother Lipka Tatar)
1444:– Malaysian politician (mother Lipka Tatar)
1067:The Polish Lipkas joined the newly created
4575:
4558:
4544:
4536:
3294:
3273:
3259:
3251:
3146:
3132:
3124:
2592:
2571:
2557:
2549:
2380:
2366:
2358:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1928:
1926:
1392:– Soviet opera singer (mother Lipka Tatar)
1118:Tatars in Belarus according to 2009 census
51:
30:
2156:
1841:
1839:
1225:Związek Tatarów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1739:Lithuanian Tartars of the Imperial Guard
1121:
1113:
722:
714:
557:. There was a Lipka Tatar settlement in
1765:
1652:
1529:
988:during the disastrous first day of the
573:, today's capital of Belarus, known as
531:Message Concerning the Tatars of Poland
414:The name Lipka is derived from the old
290:, were invited into the Grand Duchy by
2077:islamicreligiouseducation.univie.ac.at
2070:"Muslim women in Poland and Lithuania"
1989:"Szlachta tatarska w Rzeczypospolitej"
1346:– Polish writer and political activist
941:or the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
782:". The Teutonic Knights' Grand Master
631:, the eldest son of Genghis Khan. The
1504:Two distantly related members of the
1304:– national poet (mother Lipka Tatar)
887:, the final volume of the historical
16:Turkic ethnic group in Eastern Europe
7:
1237:at a ceremony attended by President
268:, are considered an ethnic group of
83:Regions with significant populations
2338:The Journal of Byelorussian Studies
2308:The Journal of Byelorussian Studies
2278:The Journal of Byelorussian Studies
1298:– writer, journalist and publisher
1163:The Islamic Center of Polish Tatars
1157:townsfolk and peasant populations.
410:and Tatars in Lithuania (1397–1997)
692:Tatar mosque and graveyard in the
14:
843:The rule of the fervent Catholic
801:), based on the historical novel
277:Turco-Mongol shamanistic religion
4516:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
2452:
2389:
2172:
1885:Katliarou, Yury (January 2016).
1673:
1664:
1655:
1628:
1612:
1596:
1580:
1564:
1548:
1532:
1087:re-emergence of the Polish state
730:, first mufti of interwar Poland
584:. Thanks to the efforts of King
294:. These Tatars first settled in
125:
107:
89:
67:located on the upper hoist side.
1134:Belarus, Lithuania, south-east
635:occupied the southern Siberian
1273:Famous Lipka Tatar descendants
831:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
774:. At the start of the battle,
523:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
365:and for the most part adopted
316:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
279:and sought asylum amongst the
260:who originally settled in the
217:; they are otherwise known as
61:but with smaller and reversed
1:
2047:. A&C Black. p. 98.
1322:military and political leader
1213:Muzułmański Związek Religijny
1077:13th Regiment of Wilno Uhlans
798:Knights of the Teutonic Order
5229:Muslim communities in Europe
5156:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
1494:Empress Alexandra Feodorovna
1344:Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski
5214:Social history of Lithuania
1422:Crimean Regional Government
1205:Muslim Religion Association
1097:, the Polish Tatars in the
780:Charge of the Light Brigade
541:in 1557–1558 on his way to
521:Lipka Tatars living in the
119:2,142 (2021 census) – 3,200
5245:
5204:Ethnic groups in Lithuania
1734:Belarusian Arabic alphabet
1442:Sulaiman Abdul Rahman Taib
1276:
1126:A flag of Lipka Tatars in
1035:over the Polish-born King
738:The Italian city state of
388:
18:
5194:Social history of Belarus
4498:
3617:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
3161:
2447:
2406:
2230:Herbarz rodzin tatarskich
1555:Tatar mosque in the city
1539:Tatar mosque in the town
1454:Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz
281:pre-Christian Lithuanians
186:
174:
146:
77:
50:
5199:Ethnic groups in Belarus
4485:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
4153:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
1432:Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky
1352:– General of cavalry in
921:Polish victory at Chocim
535:Suleiman the Magnificent
262:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
231:Polish–Lithuanian Tatars
5209:Ethnic groups in Poland
3642:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
3298:Azerbaijani communities
2580:Ethnic groups in Poland
2267:Meredith-Owens, G. M.;
1941:29 October 2007 at the
1729:Aleksander Jeljaszewicz
1326:Aleksander Jeljaszewicz
1165:" was built in 1928 in
1103:Aleksander Jeljaszewicz
1049:(1765–95). In 1775 the
753:took place between the
596:in 1699, including the
225:; later referred to as
4475:Crimean Tatar diaspora
3652:Western Thracian Turks
3587:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
2228:Por. S. Dziadulewicz,
1589:Keturiasdešimt Totorių
1468:– politician in Crimea
1367:Polish Socialist Party
1291:
1224:
1212:
1130:
1119:
1095:fall of Poland in 1939
731:
720:
712:
701:
507:
488:
411:
4182:Extinct Turkic groups
4140:Turkic minorities in
4087:Turkic minorities in
4058:Turkic minorities in
3856:Turkic minorities in
3334:Georgian Azerbaijanis
2597:Greater Poland people
2258:The Lithuanian Tatars
2232:, Wilno 1929, s. 365.
1909:crimea-is-ukraine.org
1724:Almış (Almas) iltäbär
1714:Aleksander Sulkiewicz
1519:Magdalena Abakanowicz
1466:Mustafa Edige Kirimal
1414:Russian Imperial Army
1363:Aleksander Sulkiewicz
1354:Russian Imperial Army
1350:Aleksander Romanowicz
1286:
1125:
1117:
1073:Pułk Jazdy Tatarskiej
1037:Stanisław Leszczyński
726:
718:
710:Imperial Russian Army
707:
691:
639:from the east of the
527:Risāle-yi Tatar-i Leh
494:
483:
402:
389:Further information:
182:Related ethnic groups
4500:Central Asian (i.e.
4470:Azerbaijani diaspora
3807:Iranian Azerbaijanis
3445:Turkmen communities
3341:Western Azerbaijanis
3311:Iranian Azerbaijanis
2632:Lesser Poland people
2523:Prussian Lithuanians
2068:Agata S Nalborczyk.
1694:Powers Street Mosque
1492:– friend of Russian
1239:Bronislaw Komorowski
1055:Partitions of Poland
962:in the provinces of
847:(1587–1632) and the
784:Ulrich von Jungingen
3491:Turkish communities
3357:Javanshir Qizilbash
2141:2016NatSR...630197P
1824:. 14 September 2015
1704:List of Polish wars
1526:Lipka Tatar mosques
1480:– Russian architect
1198:Gorzów Wielkopolski
1194:Gorzów Wielkopolski
879:Treaty of Karlowitz
875:Polish–Ottoman Wars
849:Counter-Reformation
821:Lithuanian nobility
594:Treaty of Karlowitz
565:, Tatar quarter in
458:Belarusian language
196:Tatars in Lithuania
137:1,916 (2011 census)
101:8,445 (2019 census)
47:
21:Tatars in Lithuania
5035:in the Netherlands
4625:in the Netherlands
4015:Siberian Bukharans
3817:Chaharmahali Turks
3798:Turkic minorities
3765:Turkic minorities
3684:Turkic minorities
3400:Kyrgyz communities
3369:Kazakh communities
2615:Kuyavian Borowiaks
2129:Scientific Reports
1749:Islam in Lithuania
1649:cemetery in Warsaw
1605:Vytautas the Great
1448:Hanifah Hajar Taib
1410:lieutenant general
1396:Henryk Sienkiewicz
1292:
1131:
1120:
1047:Stanislas Augustus
895:Henryk Sienkiewicz
833:is founded at the
807:Henryk Sienkiewicz
805:by Nobel laureate
751:Battle of Grunwald
732:
721:
713:
702:
678:Vytautas the Great
575:Tatarskaya Slabada
516:October Revolution
508:
489:
454:Ruthenian language
412:
332:Battle of Grunwald
292:Vytautas the Great
5176:
5175:
5136:Megleno-Romanians
5050:
5049:
4566:Muslims in Europe
4533:
4532:
4432:
4431:
4343:
4336:
4297:
4173:Tatars of Romania
4146:
4115:
4072:Mongolian Kazakhs
4043:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3750:
3716:
3627:Palestinian Turks
3622:Montenegrin Turks
3546:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3476:
3467:
3460:
3420:
3391:Mongolian Kazakhs
3359:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3248:
3247:
3121:
3120:
2770:
2769:
2757:Tuchola Borowians
2708:Borderlands Poles
2688:Międzyrzec Boyars
2546:
2545:
2472:ethnic minorities
2418:ethnic minorities
2269:Nadson, Alexander
2248:Jakub Mirza Lipka
2209:familytreedna.com
2149:10.1038/srep30197
2054:978-0-85785-336-3
1995:on 5 January 2006
1513:Bruno Abakanowicz
1498:The Real Tsaritsa
1486:– Polish Olympian
1478:Stepan Krichinsky
1472:Jakub Szynkiewicz
1460:Osman Achmatowicz
1406:Maciej Sulkiewicz
1338:Tomasz Miśkiewicz
1332:Ibrahim Kanapacki
1296:Thaddeus Bulgarin
990:Battle of Parkany
935:Treaty of Zurawno
919:After the famous
911:Daniel Olbrychski
755:Kingdom of Poland
728:Jakub Szynkiewicz
586:John III Sobieski
485:Lithuanian Tatars
439:Lithuanian Tatars
419:name of Lithuania
251:Lietuvos totoriai
235:Belarusian Tatars
223:Lithuanian Tatars
201:
200:
46:
40:Lietuvos totoriai
5236:
5219:Islam in Belarus
4752:Western Thracian
4576:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4537:
4480:Turkish diaspora
4339:
4332:
4293:
4144:
4126:Karategin Uzbeks
4111:
4039:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3973:Astrakhan Tatars
3971:
3936:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3842:Iranian Turkmens
3774:Crimean Karaites
3746:
3712:
3612:Macedonian Turks
3577:Dodecanese Turks
3542:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3474:Iranian Turkmens
3472:
3463:
3456:
3416:
3355:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3295:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3252:
3238:Astrakhan Tatars
3148:
3141:
3134:
3125:
3009:Crimean Karaites
2946:Galician Germans
2747:Polish Uplanders
2593:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2550:
2462:
2460:Lithuania portal
2457:
2456:
2455:
2394:
2393:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2160:
2119:
2110:
2103:
2097:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2015:"Dastan-i Mirac"
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1991:. Archived from
1984:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1770:
1744:Islam in Belarus
1677:
1668:
1659:
1645:Tatar graves at
1632:
1616:
1600:
1584:
1571:Tatar mosque in
1568:
1552:
1536:
1484:Halina Konopacka
1390:Fatma Mukhtarova
1386:– Russian regent
1019:were settled in
994:Battle of Vienna
986:Jan III Sobieski
903:Pan Wolodyjowski
884:Pan Wolodyjowski
803:of the same name
759:Teutonic Knights
625:successor states
598:Battle of Vienna
563:Totorių Lukiškės
429:with the Polish
363:Turkic languages
296:Lithuania proper
131:
129:
128:
113:
111:
110:
95:
93:
92:
73:Total population
55:
48:
44:Літоўскія татары
34:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5224:Islam in Poland
5179:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5046:
4986:
4968:
4950:
4786:North Caucasian
4780:
4692:Dobrujan Tatars
4651:
4567:
4564:
4534:
4529:
4494:
4490:Kazakh diaspora
4458:
4428:
4177:
4143:
4141:
4135:
4097:Afghan Turkmens
4088:
4081:
4059:
4053:
4008:Siberian Tatars
3932:
3857:
3851:
3847:Iranian Kazakhs
3827:Khorasani Turks
3799:
3793:
3766:
3760:
3703:Chinese Kazakhs
3685:
3679:
3662:
3661:Turkic peoples
3656:
3557:Bulgarian Turks
3533:Abkhazian Turks
3486:
3458:Afghan Turkmens
3440:
3395:
3386:Iranian Kazakhs
3381:Chinese Kazakhs
3364:
3284:
3279:
3249:
3244:
3157:
3152:
3122:
3117:
2977:
2961:Vistula Germans
2912:
2839:
2821:
2793:
2789:Silesian Gorals
2766:
2720:
2716:Bug River Poles
2702:
2659:
2626:
2582:
2577:
2547:
2542:
2506:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2411:
2402:
2388:
2386:
2348:
2346:
2327:
2318:
2316:
2297:
2288:
2286:
2266:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2088:
2084:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2039:Moors, Annelies
2033:
2032:
2028:
2020:British Library
2013:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1948:
1943:Wayback Machine
1933:(in Lithuanian)
1932:
1931:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1774:"Перепись-2019"
1772:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1754:Islam in Poland
1699:Tatar invasions
1689:Lipka rebellion
1685:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1640:
1633:
1624:
1617:
1608:
1601:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1569:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1537:
1528:
1384:Elena Glinskaya
1372:Charles Bronson
1308:Hasan Konopacki
1302:Adam Mickiewicz
1288:Charles Bronson
1281:
1275:
1255:
1112:
1059:Napoleonic army
1003:Siege of Vienna
982:Vienna campaign
867:Lipka Rebellion
835:Union of Lublin
789:Aleksander Ford
696:suburb (1830),
617:
582:Lipka rebellion
505:British Library
478:
462:Arabic alphabet
456:then later the
397:
387:
343:Crimean Khanate
266:Crimean Khanate
126:
124:
108:
106:
90:
88:
68:
42:
38:
33:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5242:
5240:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5181:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4978:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4697:Finnish Tatars
4694:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4680:Crimean Tatars
4677:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4593:Cham Albanians
4584:
4582:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4540:
4531:
4530:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4409:Yenisei Kyrgyz
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4337:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4158:Finnish Tatars
4155:
4149:
4147:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3861:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3803:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3779:Crimean Tatars
3776:
3770:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3722:Chinese Uzbeks
3719:
3718:
3717:
3708:Chinese Kyrgyz
3705:
3700:
3698:Chinese Tatars
3695:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3647:Tunisian Turks
3644:
3639:
3634:
3632:Romanian Turks
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3602:Lebanese Turks
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3582:Egyptian Turks
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3562:Croatian Turks
3559:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3538:Algerian Turks
3535:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3412:Chinese Kyrgyz
3409:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3337:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3301:
3299:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3282:Turkic peoples
3280:
3278:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3177:
3170:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3049:Ashkenazi Jews
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2835:Cieszyn Vlachs
2831:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2474:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2329:Akiner, Sherin
2325:
2295:
2264:
2255:
2249:
2241:
2240:External links
2238:
2235:
2234:
2221:
2196:
2184:
2111:
2098:
2082:
2060:
2053:
2026:
2006:
1972:
1960:
1946:
1922:
1911:(in Ukrainian)
1896:
1877:
1866:
1855:
1835:
1807:
1786:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1751:
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1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
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1696:
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1554:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1502:
1501:
1496:and author of
1487:
1481:
1475:
1474:– Polish mufti
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1436:Russian Empire
1429:
1418:Prime Minister
1403:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1360:
1347:
1341:
1340:– Polish mufti
1335:
1329:
1323:
1305:
1299:
1279:List of Tatars
1274:
1271:
1254:
1251:
1247:Polish history
1111:
1110:Present status
1108:
1107:
1106:
1080:
1062:
1040:
1006:
975:
953:
942:
939:Ottoman Empire
928:
914:
905:, directed by
860:
838:
824:
810:
787:highlights of
770:, son of Khan
744:
686:
685:
667:
652:
616:
613:
539:Constantinople
477:
474:
447:Ottoman Empire
435:Lipka Tatarłar
386:
383:
355:Tatar language
270:Crimean Tatars
199:
198:
192:Crimean Tatars
184:
183:
179:
178:
172:
171:
167:
166:
144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
121:
120:
117:
103:
102:
99:
85:
84:
80:
79:
75:
74:
70:
69:
56:
36:Tatarzy polscy
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5241:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5083:
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5078:
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5073:
5070:
5068:
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5060:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4769:Mishar Tatars
4767:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4580:Indo-European
4577:
4574:
4570:
4561:
4556:
4554:
4549:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4528:territories).
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4229:Black Klobuks
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4145:(exc. Russia)
4138:
4132:
4131:Afghan Kyrgyz
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3987:Mishar Tatars
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:in Uzbekistan
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3637:Serbian Turks
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:Kosovan Turks
3595:
3593:
3592:Israeli Turks
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:Cypriot Turks
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:Bosnian Turks
3550:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:Afghan Kyrgyz
3424:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3086:Bergitka Roma
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
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2655:Sandomierzans
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2397:
2396:Ethnic groups
2392:
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2197:
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2188:
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2164:
2159:
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2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2118:
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2112:
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2102:
2099:
2096:
2095:83-88067-81-8
2092:
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2071:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2007:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1944:
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1821:The Economist
1817:
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1285:
1280:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1241:, as well as
1240:
1236:
1231:
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1201:
1199:
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983:
979:
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965:
961:
960:Crown Estates
957:
954:
950:
946:
943:
940:
936:
932:
929:
926:
922:
918:
915:
912:
909:and starring
908:
907:Jerzy Hoffman
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:
886:
885:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
861:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:Sigismund III
842:
839:
836:
832:
828:
825:
822:
818:
814:
811:
808:
804:
800:
799:
794:
791:'s 1960 film
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:horse archers
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:15 July 1410:
745:
741:
737:
734:
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729:
725:
717:
711:
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695:
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679:
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619:
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583:
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564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
506:
502:
498:
497:Arabic script
493:
486:
482:
475:
473:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:contamination
420:
417:
416:Crimean Tatar
409:
405:
401:
396:
392:
384:
382:
380:
379:United States
376:
372:
368:
364:
361:group of the
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:Kazan Khanate
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:Polish Tatars
224:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
177:
173:
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
136:
134:
122:
118:
116:
104:
100:
98:
86:
81:
78:10,000–15,000
76:
71:
66:
65:
60:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
26:
22:
5189:Lipka Tatars
5161:Crimean Roma
4764:Volga Tatars
4717:Lipka Tatars
4716:
4685:Crimean Roma
4665:Azerbaijanis
4168:Lipka Tatars
4167:
4041:Tozhu Tuvans
4001:Volga Tatars
3714:Akto Turkmen
3607:Libyan Turks
3567:Cretan Turks
3482:Akto Turkmen
3431:Tajik Kyrgyz
3418:Akto Turkmen
3305:Azerbaijanis
3200:
3186:Tobol-Irtysh
3180:
3173:
3172:
3166:
3061:Lipka Tatars
3060:
2999:Bangladeshis
2966:Walddeutsche
2844:Other Slavic
2347:. Retrieved
2342:
2336:
2317:. Retrieved
2312:
2306:
2299:Wexler, Paul
2287:. Retrieved
2285:(2): 141–176
2282:
2276:
2229:
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2208:
2199:
2187:
2171:
2132:
2128:
2101:
2085:
2076:
2063:
2043:
2029:
2018:
2009:
1997:. Retrieved
1993:the original
1963:
1913:. Retrieved
1908:
1899:
1890:
1880:
1869:
1858:
1852:(in Polish).
1828:20 September
1826:. Retrieved
1819:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1768:
1503:
1497:
1428:in 1918–1920
1267:
1263:
1256:
1232:
1229:
1203:In 1925 the
1202:
1171:
1159:
1140:
1132:
1082:
1071:formations;
1064:
1042:
1011:Some of the
1008:
999:Kara Mustafa
977:
955:
944:
930:
925:Jan Sobieski
916:
902:
888:
882:
862:
840:
826:
815:The Polish (
812:
796:
792:
776:Jalal ad-Din
768:Jalal ad-Din
762:1,000 Tatar
746:
735:
669:
663:Golden Horde
654:
620:
602:
590:Turkish army
579:
530:
526:
520:
512:Golden Horde
509:
470:
464:to write in
451:
443:
438:
434:
430:
413:
351:assimilation
339:Golden Horde
336:
274:
258:ethnic group
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
212:
208:
205:Lipka Tatars
204:
202:
188:Volga Tatars
62:
59:Golden Horde
43:
39:
35:
32:Lipka Tatars
28:Ethnic group
25:
4866:Circassians
4389:Toquz Oghuz
4328:Oghuz Turks
4295:Sir-Kıvchak
4089:Afghanistan
3832:Qarai Turks
3748:Tor Uyghurs
3727:Fuyu Kyrgyz
3675:Karakalpaks
3544:Kouloughlis
3348:Karapapakhs
3091:Polska Roma
3066:Lithuanians
3004:Circassians
2973:Vilamovians
2956:Pomeranians
2951:Kosznajders
2866:Macedonians
2851:Belarusians
2817:Slovincians
2698:Podlachians
2528:Samogitians
2436:Belarusians
2409:Lithuanians
2260:article in
2035:Tarlo, Emma
1999:23 February
1637:Kruszyniany
1591:, Lithuania
1575:, Lithuania
1506:Abakanowicz
1400:Nobel Prize
1378:Glen Powell
1358:Polish Army
1259:haplogroups
1178:Kruszyniany
1091:Polish Army
1075:and later,
1069:Polish Army
1033:Augustus II
899:Nobel Prize
682:Jan Długosz
645:Caspian Sea
633:White Horde
561:, known as
357:, from the
176:Sunni Islam
5183:Categories
5131:Pakistanis
5121:Macedonian
5104:Vallahades
5030:in Belgium
4956:Kartvelian
4931:Tabasarans
4799:Abkhazians
4747:Meskhetian
4737:Dodecanese
4615:in Germany
3436:Van Kyrgyz
3318:Shahsevans
3108:Vietnamese
3029:Hungarians
2908:Ukrainians
2871:Podlashuks
2799:Kashubians
2784:Sącz Lachs
2752:Sieradzans
2737:Kocievians
2650:Lublinians
2640:Cracovians
2518:Kursenieki
2441:Ukrainians
2345:(1): 55–84
2315:(1): 41–54
1800:13 January
1779:13 January
1760:References
1635:Mosque in
1619:Mosque in
1587:Mosque in
1559:, Belarus
1557:Navahrudak
1543:, Belarus
1316:Belarusian
1277:See also:
1155:Lithuanian
1143:Belarusian
1021:Bessarabia
772:Tokhtamysh
659:Tokhtamysh
551:Navahrudak
466:Belarusian
371:Lithuanian
367:Belarusian
211:refers to
207:(the term
156:Lithuanian
152:Belarusian
5141:Ossetians
5126:Maghrebis
5116:Hemshenis
5087:Adjarians
5082:Georgians
5072:Bulgarian
5025:in France
5003:in Europe
4982:Besermyan
4906:Khwarshis
4901:Khinalugs
4849:Chamalals
4829:Bagvalals
4702:Karachays
4620:in France
4588:Albanians
4463:Diasporas
4404:Xueyantuo
4394:Uriankhai
4341:Pechenegs
4334:Turkomans
4308:Kutrigurs
3980:Kryashens
3942:Kumandins
3923:Karachays
3903:Besermyan
3878:Telengits
3784:Krymchaks
3767:in Crimea
3732:Ili Turks
3325:Küresünni
3226:Kryashens
3019:Georgians
3014:Filipinos
2994:Armenians
2876:Poleshuks
2827:Silesians
2742:Łęczycans
2693:Poborzans
2683:Masurians
2673:Łowiczans
2665:Masovians
2645:Lasovians
2610:Kuyavians
2605:Kaliszans
2502:Armenians
2400:Lithuania
2179:CC BY 4.0
2135:: 30197.
1915:27 August
1490:Lili Dehn
1462:– chemist
1398:– Polish
1186:Białystok
1151:Ukrainian
1085:With the
1013:Kamieniec
952:taxation.
853:Murad III
743:achieved.
674:Tamerlane
605:polonized
324:Lithuania
285:Islamized
214:Lithuania
142:Languages
115:Lithuania
5092:Ingiloys
5067:Bengalis
5055:Minority
5013:in Spain
4936:Tsakhurs
4854:Chechens
4814:Akhvakhs
4675:Bashkirs
4600:Bosniaks
4572:Majority
4514:Turkmens
4502:Turkmeni
4359:Saragurs
4303:Kurykans
4289:Kipchaks
4274:Keraites
4259:Göktürks
4249:Dughlats
4239:Dingling
4209:Berendei
4060:Mongolia
4030:Tofalars
3994:Nağaybäk
3898:Bashkirs
3885:Tubalars
3871:Chelkans
3865:Altaians
3686:in China
3518:Tahtacıs
3511:Muhacirs
3452:Turkmens
3231:Nağaybäk
3181:Siberian
3113:Walloons
3039:Italians
2989:Africans
2929:Olenders
2917:Germanic
2893:Russians
2762:Warmians
2533:Tutejszy
2497:Latvians
2470:Smaller
2431:Russians
2416:Largest
2331:(1973).
2301:(1973).
2271:(1970).
2214:22 March
2181:license.
2167:27453128
2041:(2013).
1939:Archived
1683:See also
1639:, Poland
1623:, Poland
1621:Bohoniki
1253:Genetics
1174:Bohoniki
1167:Brooklyn
890:Trylogia
857:Istanbul
817:szlachta
793:Krzyżacy
694:Lukiškės
649:Mongolia
643:and the
615:Timeline
609:Vytautas
529:(trans:
437:meaning
253:) are a
239:Lipkowie
170:Religion
5062:Afghans
5020:Berbers
4921:Lezgins
4871:Dargins
4839:Botlikh
4794:Abazins
4732:Cypriot
4707:Kazakhs
4670:Balkars
4632:Muslims
4526:Ottoman
4510:Iranian
4506:Afghani
4454:Mughals
4449:Hazaras
4399:Utigurs
4374:Türgesh
4349:Onogurs
4323:Nushibi
4318:Naimans
4279:Khazars
4269:Karluks
4224:Chigils
4219:Bulgars
4204:Barsils
4142:Europe
4121:Ansarlu
4067:Khotons
4025:Teleuts
3918:Dolgans
3913:Chuvash
3908:Chulyms
3893:Balkars
3837:Qashqai
3822:Khalajs
3800:in Iran
3742:Uyghurs
3465:Ansarlu
3376:Kazakhs
3290:Peoples
3218:Mishars
3167:Crimean
3076:Nepalis
3056:Koreans
3034:Indians
2941:Germans
2936:English
2898:Slovaks
2812:Krubans
2732:Bambers
2678:Kurpies
2622:Taśtaks
2485:Karaims
2158:4958967
2137:Bibcode
1647:Powązki
1607:passing
1573:Nemėžis
1508:family
1420:of the
1412:of the
1380:– actor
1312:Russian
1290:, actor
1128:Belarus
1029:Lipkany
871:Podolia
698:Vilnius
666:Russia.
569:and in
559:Vilnius
501:Belarus
476:History
427:contact
408:Karaims
395:Tartary
359:Kipchak
320:Belarus
300:Vilnius
298:around
247:Muślimi
243:Lipcani
164:Russian
97:Belarus
5151:Arlije
5146:Romani
5109:Cretan
5077:Croats
5042:Dönmeh
4974:Uralic
4941:Tindis
4926:Rutuls
4896:Karata
4886:Ingush
4881:Hunzib
4876:Hinukh
4844:Budukh
4834:Bezhta
4819:Archis
4804:Aghuls
4776:Yörüks
4742:German
4722:Nogais
4712:Kumyks
4657:Turkic
4642:Talysh
4637:Pomaks
4605:Gorani
4522:Syrian
4444:Abdals
4437:Others
4424:Yabaku
4414:Yueban
4364:Shatuo
4354:Sabirs
4313:Merkit
4264:Kangly
4254:Esegel
4234:Cumans
4214:Bulaqs
4199:Basmyl
4163:Gagauz
4113:Timuri
4107:Aimaqs
4102:Afshar
4049:Yakuts
4035:Tuvans
3967:Tatars
3962:Soyots
3952:Nogais
3947:Kumyks
3934:Koibal
3928:Khakas
3858:Russia
3812:Afshar
3756:Yugurs
3670:Uzbeks
3525:Yörüks
3407:Kyrgyz
3212:Ostyak
3209:Noqrat
3206:Kazan
3190:Baraba
3155:Tatars
3081:Romani
3071:Locals
3024:Greeks
2982:Others
2886:Boykos
2881:Rusyns
2861:Lemkos
2856:Czechs
2776:Gorals
2725:Others
2492:Tatars
2349:2 June
2319:2 June
2289:30 May
2165:
2155:
2093:
2051:
1456:– poet
1424:, and
1320:Polish
1235:Gdańsk
1221:Polish
1209:Polish
1190:Warsaw
1182:Gdańsk
1147:Polish
1136:Latvia
1025:Chocim
1017:Sultan
997:under
972:Hrodna
968:Kobryn
897:, the
819:) and
637:steppe
567:Trakai
391:Tatars
375:Polish
373:, and
345:, and
341:, the
328:Poland
326:, and
312:Kaunas
310:, and
308:Hrodna
304:Trakai
255:Turkic
249:, and
219:Lipkas
160:Polish
133:Poland
130:
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5099:Greek
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4998:Arabs
4991:Other
4911:Kryts
4859:Kists
4824:Avars
4809:Andis
4757:Other
4727:Turks
4610:Kurds
4518:Iraqi
4419:Yagma
4384:Torks
4379:Tuhsi
4369:Tiele
4284:Kimek
4244:Duolu
4077:Dukha
3957:Shors
3789:Urums
3737:Salar
3504:Gajal
3498:Turks
3222:Qasim
3201:Volga
3194:Tomsk
3174:Lipka
3103:Turks
3098:Scots
2924:Dutch
2903:Sorbs
2807:Gochs
2588:Poles
2511:Other
2426:Poles
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425:from
404:Litas
288:Turks
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2163:PMID
2091:ISBN
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2001:2006
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1830:2015
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1356:and
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