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They were active in all areas of
Ukraine from (at least) the 17th century on. Though the tradition was violently ended in Eastern/Central Ukraine in the mid-1930s, some lirnyks were seen in the regions of Western Ukraine until the 1970s and even the 1980s.
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162:‘Remember the peasantry’: A study of genocide, famine, and the Stalinist Holodomor in Soviet Ukraine, 1932-33, as it was remembered by post-war immigrants in Western Australia who experienced it
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166:"During the mid 1930s, the were invited to the First All-Ukrainian Congress of Lirniki and Banduristy (folk singers, minstrels) where they were arrested and, in most cases shot".
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played the lira, a kind of crank-driven hurdy-gurdy, while the kobzars played the lute-like banduras or kobzas. Lirnyks were usually blind or had some major disability.
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Today, the repertoire of the instrument is mostly performed by educated, sighted performers. Notable performers of the lira include
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In the notes: "Although noted by a few different authors there is no mention of where this occurred." Accessed 8 February 2021
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musicians who performed religious, historical and epic songs to the accompaniment of a
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Lesa
Melnyczuk Morgan, 2010, University of Notre Dame Australia
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Lirnyks were similar to and belonged to the same guilds (
50:: лірник; plural: лірники – lirnyky) were itinerant
38:Ukrainian lirnyk with kobzars, Okhtyrka, 1911.
30:Ukrainian lirnyk with kobzars, Kharkiv, 1902.
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210:17th-century establishments in Ukraine
183:Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty
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215:1980s disestablishments in Ukraine
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123:Persecuted kobzars and bandurists
58:, the Ukrainian version of the
196:- Melbourne: Bayda books, 1984
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194:Ukrainian Folk Instruments
128:Dziady (wandering beggars)
98:Vadym "Yarema" Shevchuk
245:Ukrainian blind people
69:) as the better known
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240:Obsolete occupations
235:Occupations in music
225:Hurdy-gurdy players
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102:Volodymyr Kushpet
77:players known as
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220:Blind musicians
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143:Blind musicians
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81:. However, the
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60:hurdy-gurdy
230:Kobzarstvo
204:Categories
149:References
133:Kobzarstvo
138:Bandurist
52:Ukrainian
48:Ukrainian
185:- Kiev:
112:See also
176:Sources
79:kobzars
71:bandura
44:lirnyks
189:, 1967
118:Kobzar
83:lirnyk
67:tsekhs
21:Lirnyk
75:kobza
104:and
73:and
56:lira
42:The
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