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is a medium-sized, elongated whelk with a strong heavy shell, growing to a length of 45 mm (1.8 in). There are four or five whorls separated by shallow grooves, and several rounded axial ribs, mainly on the spire. The first whorl of the shell (and the second whorl in young individuals) is
401:
and other invertebrates. It seems to specialise on dead or injured prey, and does not seem able to drill into intact shells in the way that many whelks do. When living intertidally it is subject to variations in salinity, and is particularly tolerant of low salinities. In fact it seeks out low
633:
Nielsen, Travis D. & Gosselin, Louis A. (2011). "Can a scavenger benefit from environmental stress? Role of salinity stress and abundance of preferred food items in controlling population abundance of the snail
32:
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sculptured with many narrow, evenly-spaced spiral ridges, which are also visible on the inside of the outer margin of the aperture. The aperture is an elongated oval-shape and can be closed with a horny
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362:, but uncommon in California. It is found intertidally on rocky shores and in the shallow subtidal zone, and is found down to about 35 m (115 ft) on the
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288:. This remained the status quo for most of the century, with more living species from both the Atlantic and Pacific added to
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would come to the conclusion that the species belong to a genus up until then known only from the
Atlantic fossil record,
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366:. As well as occurring on rocks, it is sometimes found on gravel or mud close to the foot of rocks in bays.
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This whelk is found in shallow waters in the northeastern
Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from the
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525:(1916). "Prodrome of a revision of the chrysodomoid whelks of the boreal and Arctic region".
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601:(1991). "Generic identity and relationships of the northeastern Pacific buccinid gastropod
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with no folds. This snail is usually grey or brownish-grey, but is occasionally orangish.
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salinity environments where other less tolerant organisms are stressed. It also consumes
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673:(2003). "Evolutionary Adaptation and Geographic Spread of the Cenozoic Buccinid Genus
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inside their tubes or to share the prey being digested by the everted stomach of the
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in central
California. It is particularly common in
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Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington
640:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
565:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
557:and other mollusks from the north Pacific Ocean"
296:split the Pacific species into a separate genus
449:. Vol. 3. London: Reeve Brothers. pl. 12.
8:
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489:
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377:is a predator and scavenger. It feeds on
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270:The dire whelk was first described by
256:before being transferred to the genus
441:(1845–1846). "Monograph of the genus
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1005:Taxa named by Lovell Augustus Reeve
14:
477:World Register of Marine Species
44:
578:10.5479/si.00963801.54-2234.207
1:
995:Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean
551:Dall, William Healey (1918).
278:. In the early 20th century,
1000:Gastropods described in 1846
652:10.1016/j.jembe.2011.10.017
1021:
475:. Retrieved through:
699:10.1017/S0022336000044711
266:Taxonomy and nomenclature
182:
175:
156:
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41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
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338:Distribution and habitat
211:, commonly known as the
679:Journal of Paleontology
677:in the North Pacific".
479: on 24 March 2019.
248:It used to be known as
439:Reeve, Lovell Augustus
496:Cowles, Dave (2005).
272:Lovell Augustus Reeve
245:, the true whelks.
691:2003JPal...77..863A
447:Conchologia Iconica
326:to accommodate the
322:. There is a short
280:William Healey Dall
728:Lirabuccinum dirum
671:Vermeij, Geerat J.
636:Lirabuccinum dirum
599:Vermeij, Geerat J.
471:Lirabuccinum dirum
406:, and extends its
208:Lirabuccinum dirum
160:Lirabuccinum dirum
25:Lirabuccinum dirum
16:Species of mollusc
977:
976:
720:Taxon identifiers
669:Kazutaka, Amano;
572:(2234): 207–234.
330:, and a polished
294:Geerat J. Vermeij
292:until 1991, when
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663:Further reading
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98:Caenogastropoda
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899:Buccinum dirum
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685:(5): 863–872.
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615:(3): 264–271.
603:Searlesia dira
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502:(Reeve, 1846)"
500:Searlesia dira
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425:
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416:ochre sea star
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324:siphonal canal
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276:Buccinum dirum
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254:Buccinum dirum
250:Searlesia dira
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194:Searlesia dira
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186:Buccinum dirum
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473:(Reeve, 1846)
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364:Cobb Seamount
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346:in Alaska to
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221:spindle whelk
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217:spindle shell
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197:(Reeve, 1846)
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151:Binomial name
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142:L. dirum
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108:Neogastropoda
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675:Lirabuccinum
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538:page 3336478
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505:. Retrieved
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348:Monterey Bay
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314:
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299:Lirabuccinum
297:
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259:Lirabuccinum
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129:Lirabuccinum
128:
24:
18:
869:SeaLifeBase
817:NatureServe
778:iNaturalist
608:The Veliger
555:Chrysodomus
410:to feed on
310:Description
274:in 1846 as
231:, a marine
189:Reeve, 1846
990:Tudiclidae
984:Categories
553:"Notes on
422:References
243:Tudiclidae
213:dire whelk
118:Tudiclidae
94:Subclass:
88:Gastropoda
914:Q63681372
646:: 80–86.
412:tubeworms
408:proboscis
391:barnacles
332:columella
320:operculum
290:Searlesia
285:Searlesia
233:gastropod
229:sea snail
136:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
954:11766429
908:Wikidata
822:2.971298
796:10215662
743:Q3709820
737:Wikidata
507:24 March
443:Buccinum
375:L. dirum
315:L. dirum
304:B. dirum
177:Synonyms
114:Family:
78:Mollusca
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
941:7842033
770:2304740
707:4094757
687:Bibcode
533:: 7–8.
404:carrion
395:chitons
387:mussels
383:limpets
379:winkles
370:Ecology
238:in the
236:mollusk
225:species
223:, is a
219:or the
170:, 1846)
124:Genus:
104:Order:
84:Class:
967:719181
887:491076
861:491076
848:944334
835:490557
809:567784
783:117642
757:395162
705:
360:Oregon
328:siphon
240:family
215:, the
962:WoRMS
949:IRMNG
882:WoRMS
791:IRMNG
703:JSTOR
560:(PDF)
399:worms
302:with
168:Reeve
936:GBIF
928:NL8M
874:1455
856:OBIS
830:NCBI
804:ITIS
765:GBIF
752:BOLD
509:2019
358:and
252:and
923:CoL
695:doi
648:doi
644:410
638:".
617:BHL
582:BHL
574:doi
535:BHL
451:BHL
445:".
227:of
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484:^
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430:^
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166:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
