2108:
167:
156:
187:
178:
120:
702:. This did not help and the relationship turned sour. At the same time dissatisfaction with Skirgaila's rule continued to grow among the Lithuanians, who resented growing Polish influence in the state. They wanted to maintain Lithuanian legal distinctiveness and reserve offices for the Lithuanians. The duped Teutonic Knights continued to demand Samogitia and continued to wage war. All these circumstances allowed Vytautas to renew his struggle for power. He escaped to the Teutonic Knights for the second time and waged another civil war. It ended with the
42:
108:
379:
341:. The clauses of the treaty were, overall, convoluted and not entirely clear. Based on the terms of the accord, Jogaila agreed not to intervene during attacks by the Teutonic Knights against Kęstutis or his children. However, if providing aid to Kęstutis were necessary to avoid any suspicions, it would not be a violation of the treaty. The treaty remains controversial as the motives behind it are not entirely clear. Some historians blame Uliana, mother of Jogaila, or his adviser
536:, that Jogaila had started without consulting the Knights. The Knights also attempted to play Vytautas and Jogaila off against each other. Other historians suggest that Jogaila was already thinking about an alliance with either Moscow or Poland. Eventually, in June 1383, a scheduled meeting between Jogaila and the Grand Master did not take place on a formal pretext and the alliance broke down. The Knights resumed their war with Lithuania.
718:
480:. On August 3, 1382, the armies of Kęstutis and Jogaila met near Trakai for a decisive battle, but it never began. According to Teutonic sources, Kęstutis saw that Jogaila, aided by the Teutonic Knights, had superior forces when his Samogitian contingent was reluctant to fight. Both sides agreed to negotiate. Kęstutis and Vytautas arrived in Jogaila's camp, but were arrested and sent to a prison in the
146:
137:
97:
326:. It was the last treaty that Kęstutis and Jogaila signed jointly. It was followed by a three-day secret negotiations between Jogaila and the Knights in Vilnius. However, the truce protected only the Christian lands in the south, while Kęstutis' pagan realms in northern and western Lithuania were still vulnerable to Teutonic attacks.
611:, but Vytautas refused, demanding to return his entire patrimony, which included Trakai, then governed by Skirgaila. Then Jogaila promised to return Trakai as soon as Skirgaila established himself in Polotsk. In July, Vytautas agreed and decided to abandon the Teutonic Knights. He then proceeded to burn two Teutonic castles on the
484:. Their army was disbanded. On August 15, five days after imprisonment, Kęstutis was found dead by Skirgaila. Jogaila claimed that he had hanged himself, but rumors spread that he had been strangled. Jogaila organized a large pagan funeral to Kęstutis: his body was burned along with horses, weapons, and other treasures in Vilnius.
345:, others point out generational differences: Kęstutis was about 80 years old and determined not to accept Christianity, while Jogaila was about 30 and was looking for ways to convert and modernize the country. Still others have suggested that the treaty was primarily directed against Andrei and his allies – his brother
238:. Kęstutis died there a week later but Vytautas managed to escape and then sought an alliance with the Teutonic Knights. Subsequently their joint forces raided Lithuanian lands. Eventually the cousins were reconciled as Jogaila needed internal stability in anticipation of negotiations with the
527:
in three separate acts. It was a reward for their help in defeating Andrei and Kęstutis. In it, Jogaila promised to accept
Christianity within four years, become an ally of the Order, not to initiate a war without Order's approval, and cede Samogitia, which still supported Vytautas, up to the
322:. While the purpose or the outcome of the trip are unclear, it was often cited as the first intrigue behind Kęstutis' back. In the meantime Kęstutis offered to negotiate a truce with the Knights and an exchange of prisoners. On September 29, 1379, a ten-year truce was signed in
693:
On April 28, 1387, after Andrei's defeat, Skirgaila received
Polotsk and Trakai – thus breaking the promise given to Vytautas that he would receive Trakai when Skirgaila received Polotsk. Trying to appease his cousin, Jogaila gave him Lutsk (but left a Pole in charge of
657:, Vytautas was baptized in the Orthodox rite. Skirgaila continued to rule Trakai. Vytautas pledged loyalty to Jogaila and became one of the many regional dukes. Jogaila was considering different baptism proposals. He had already refused the
317:
was sent to the
Knights to discuss the situation, possible ways of converting to Christianity, and termination of the Livonian Order's support to Andrei. The details of the trip however remain unknown; rumors had it that he also visited the
425:, the capital of the Grand Duchy. Kęstutis became the Grand Duke while Jogaila was taken prisoner on his way back to Vilnius. Vaidila was executed. Jogaila pledged his loyalty to Kęstutis, was released, and received his patrimony,
278:. Kęstutis in the name of Algirdas handled most of the affairs in the western part, including defense against the Teutonic Knights. Algirdas died in 1377 and left the throne to Jogaila, his eldest son from the second marriage with
661:
with the
Teutonic Knights. He negotiated with Moscow, but it was a dangerous ally and Orthodoxy would not save Lithuania from attacks by the Teutonic Knights. Furthermore, Muscovy lost some of its power and influence after the
496:, who received permission to visit her husband. According to different sources Vytautas exchanged clothes with either Anna or one of her female servants and sneaked out undetected. First he sought help from his sister
460:. Vytautas attempted to gather his forces in Trakai and attack Vilnius, but Jogaila recaptured the throne. On July 6, he signed the two-month Truce of Bražuolė with the Teutonic Knights. Vytautas retreated from
329:
In
February 1380, Jogaila, without Kęstutis, made a five-month truce with the Livonian Order to protect his Lithuanian domains and cease Livonian support to Andrei of Polotsk. On May 31, 1380, Jogaila and
413:, informed Kęstutis about the secret treaty. When Kęstutis asked Vytautas if he knew anything about it, he denied any knowledge and suspected a Teutonic trap. In fall 1381, Kęstutis took advantage of
2293:
1568:
706:
of 1392, wherein
Vytautas acknowledged fealty to Jogaila and was granted extensive autonomy in Lithuania. Thus he became the Grand Duke of Lithuania and started his 38-year reign.
2328:
615:(New Marienburg and Georgenburg). New Marienverder was besieged for six weeks by joint forces of Jogaila and Vytautas before it fell. During these attacks Vytautas captured
2025:
603:, and be baptized in the Orthodox rite. In order to carry out this plan he had to reconcile with Vytautas and end the civil war. In spring 1384, Jogaila offered him
2251:
1631:
1808:
686:
between
Lithuania and Poland. In 1386, he was baptized and crowned King. Skirgaila was left as his regent in Lithuania. Taking advantage of Jogaila's absence,
1561:
464:
in the face of the joint forces of the
Teutonic Order and Jogaila, and the city surrendered on July 20. In the meantime Kęstutis rallied his supporters in
2333:
293:
The
Teutonic Knights continued their crusade against pagan Lithuania. A large campaign was organized in winter of 1378, during which the Teutons reached
523:
The
Knights received Vytautas without enthusiasm. At the time Jogaila was negotiating with the Teutonic Order. On October 31, 1382, they formulated the
1896:
1717:
456:, let Jogaila's army into the city. The merchants were dissatisfied with Kęstutis' policies as they were hurting the economy, especially trade with
2044:
2031:
1971:
1930:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1862:
1673:
1794:
1736:
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near the mouth of Dubysa, where he was joined by his relatives and followers, banished from their estates by Jogaila. They included his brother
2303:
1554:
1510:
274:. Algirdas, who was the Grand Duke, spent most of his time dealing with the eastern provinces of the Grand Duchy, inhabited by Ruthenians of
2050:
1700:
1646:
628:
251:
331:
258:. After more than ten years of struggle, Vytautas finally became the Grand Duke of Lithuania and ruled the country for thirty-eight years.
592:, called New Marienverder. On June 14, 1384, Vytautas renewed his promises, given in January in Königsberg, in this newly built fortress.
690:
renewed his bid for the throne of Lithuania. During this time Vytautas remained loyal and helped Jogaila and Skirgaila to defeat Andrei.
544:
In early September, the Knights and Vytautas briefly took control of Trakai and unsuccessfully attacked Vilnius. On October 21, 1383, in
2256:
1595:
2288:
1964:
243:
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1303:
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818:
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41:
2006:
171:
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1577:
736:
493:
508:. Eventually he came to his enemies, the Teutonic Knights, asking for protection and military aid against Jogaila. According to
230:, father of Vytautas. Kęstutis briefly seized power in the Grand Duchy, but was betrayed by adherents of Jogaila primarily from
2174:
2012:
1782:
1776:
1764:
1758:
1741:
573:
1603:
679:
532:. However, ratification of the treaty was continuously put off. One of the reasons for the cooling relations was a war in
247:
2338:
2078:
2072:
1802:
1181:
Rowell, S. C. (Spring 1994). "Pious Princesses or Daughters of Belial: Pagan Lithuanian Dynastic Diplomacy, 1279–1423".
1017:
505:
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731:
166:
155:
113:
186:
177:
119:
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2318:
2313:
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2212:
1641:
338:
282:. Kęstutis and Vytautas continued to collaborate with Jogaila even when his right of inheritance was challenged by
219:
47:
2185:
2179:
1625:
2131:
1022:
595:
In the meantime Jogaila, probably influenced by his Orthodox mother Uliana of Tver, sought an alliance with the
401:
for the first time and destroyed Naujapilis, taking some 3,000 prisoners. In August 1381, Kuno von Liebenstein,
2283:
1585:
271:
123:
70:
1842:
565:
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1936:
1710:
275:
207:
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1837:
1416:
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410:
1998:
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616:
596:
358:
239:
520:, likely in response to his escape. Two of her relatives, Vidimantas and Butrimas, were also murdered.
477:
452:, who refused to pay taxes, and Vytautas was away in Trakai, residents of Vilnius, led by the merchant
378:
2242:
2232:
2223:
2204:
1992:
1922:
1916:
1814:
1662:
1444:
334:
160:
1952:
851:
Ivinskis, Zenonas (1988) . "Vytauto jaunystė ir jo veikimas iki 1392 m.". In Paulius Šležas (ed.).
703:
699:
255:
1448:
581:
421:. Jogaila was away to subdue the rebellion and his absence provided a good opportunity to capture
2165:
2149:
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1983:
1902:
1868:
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1705:
1679:
1668:
1608:
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100:
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by the Mongols. A third option was presented by Poland: it was looking for a suitable groom for
2137:
1770:
1531:
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1331:
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17:
1111:. translated by Algirdas Budreckis (6th ed.). New York: Manyland Books. pp. 57–58.
234:. During negotiations for a truce Kęstutis and Vytautas were arrested and transported to the
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2018:
1977:
1946:
1723:
723:
658:
524:
406:
398:
287:
223:
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Vytautas returned to Lithuania without a clear written agreement with Jogaila. He received
389:
In early 1381, without violating the Treaty of Dovydiškės, the Teutonic Knights raided the
2125:
1729:
568:. Vytautas also attempted to secure support from the Samogitians. On January 30, 1384, in
549:
492:
Vytautas remained in prison until fall 1382. He managed to escape with help from his wife
390:
383:
1423:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. pp. 79–80.
1298:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. pp. 74–75.
683:
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445:
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302:
294:
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211:
2277:
589:
569:
453:
298:
1958:
1788:
1107:
Jakštas, Juozas (1984). "Lithuania to World War I". In Ed. Albertas Gerutis (ed.).
529:
481:
354:
235:
619:, who later played an important role in Vytautas' relationship with the Knights.
2154:
2084:
1546:
1330:(English ed.). Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. pp. 127–128.
813:(English ed.). Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. pp. 124–126.
612:
561:
227:
145:
140:
136:
96:
1692:
1686:
855:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. pp. 7–32.
713:
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942:
860:
654:
646:
642:
473:
465:
438:
418:
394:
314:
190:
1505:. Vol. I (Revised ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 94–95.
513:
1362:. Vol. VI. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 208–209.
1059:(in Lithuanian). Vol. VI. Kaunas: Spaudos Fondas. pp. 1341–1344.
1055:
Jonynas, Ignas (1937). "Dovydiškės sutartis". In Vaclovas Biržiška (ed.).
250:. The war did not settle the power struggle; it continued during the next
2261:
650:
604:
306:
267:
149:
533:
457:
433:. Kęstutis then resumed war with the Teutonic Knights: his army raided
430:
422:
414:
342:
310:
231:
203:
181:
1390:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 175–177.
1270:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 173–174.
912:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 170–171.
634:
585:
577:
557:
545:
469:
461:
434:
402:
353:. Jogaila, having secured his western front, allied himself with the
323:
1449:"The kingdom of Poland and the grand duchy of Lithuania, 1370–1506"
1326:
Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Jūratė Kiaupienė; Albinas Kuncevičius (2000) .
809:
Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Jūratė Kiaupienė; Albinas Kuncevičius (2000) .
608:
426:
1367:
1480:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. p. 178.
1243:
1126:
1086:
1002:
878:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. p. 168.
1550:
765:
Rowell, S. C. (2000). "Baltic Europe". In Michael Jones (ed.).
580:
and to cede part of Samogitia to the Teutonic Order, up to the
397:
twice. While raiding towards Trakai, the Teutonic Knights used
997:. Rome: Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademija. pp. 271–279.
769:. Vol. VI. Cambridge University Press. pp. 709–710.
1503:
God's Playground: A History of Poland. The Origins to 1795
599:. He was making preparations to marry Sophia, daughter of
1421:
Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.): enciklopedinis žinynas
1419:(2004). "Vytautas Didysis". In Vytautas Spečiūnas (ed.).
1356:
Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Vytautas the Great".
1296:
Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.): enciklopedinis žinynas
382:
Vytautas and Kęstutis imprisoned by Jogaila. Painting by
1455:. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. p. 731.
1530:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 18.
588:. In May 1384, the Knights started constructing a new
202:
was the first struggle for power between the cousins
560:. Vytautas received New Marienburg, a castle on the
286:, Algirdas' eldest son from his first marriage with
2241:
2222:
2203:
2164:
2118:
2059:
1830:
1751:
1655:
1618:
1594:
1584:
548:, in a small ceremony Vytautas was baptized in the
444:On June 12, 1382, while Kęstutis was away to fight
1144:
1453:The New Cambridge Medieval History, c.1415–c.1500
309:, and another campaign threatened the capital in
1212:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslas. p. 173.
960:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslas. p. 161.
937:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslas. p. 159.
767:The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1300–c.1415
2294:14th century in the State of the Teutonic Order
2252:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
1294:(2004). "Birutė". In Vytautas Spečiūnas (ed.).
29:
995:Lietuvos istorija iki Vytauto Didžiojo mirties
373:
1562:
81:Temporary Vytautas and Jogaila reconciliation
8:
552:, receiving the name of Wigand (Lithuanian:
2329:Wars involving the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1234:Jonynas, Ignas (1984) . "Vytauto šeimyna".
1079:Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania
1018:"Kas buvo Kęstučio nužudymo organizatrius?"
1859:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
1591:
1569:
1555:
1547:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1050:
1048:
26:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1081:. Miami: Franklin Press. pp. 21–23.
374:Kęstutis' coup and Jogaila's counter-coup
254:which was resolved by the signing of the
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
556:) after his godfather Wigand, komtur of
377:
2073:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
1809:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
1411:
1409:
1407:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1138:
1136:
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35:Part of Vytautas–Jogaila power struggle
1528:The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386–1795
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
468:, his son Vytautas sought soldiers in
437:and attempted to capture Georgenburg (
1351:
1349:
1347:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
674:. In August 1385, Jogaila signed the
516:, mother of Vytautas, was drowned in
270:and Kęstutis peacefully co-ruled the
46:The apparent cause of the civil war:
7:
1795:Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
1632:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
1328:The History of Lithuania Before 1795
1238:. Vilnius: Mokslas. pp. 35–38.
811:The History of Lithuania Before 1795
760:
758:
756:
313:. In summer 1379, Jogaila's brother
218:. It began after Jogaila signed the
2026:Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War
576:and promised to become the Order's
1151:. London: Penguin Books. pp.
226:which was aimed against his uncle
25:
2334:Wars involving the Teutonic Order
2119:Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)
670:and a worthy candidate to become
200:Lithuanian Civil War of 1381–1384
30:Lithuanian Civil War of 1381–1384
2106:
2051:Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
1701:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
1647:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
1637:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
1016:Baranauskienė, Inga (May 2005).
737:List of wars involving Lithuania
716:
629:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
252:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
185:
176:
165:
154:
144:
135:
118:
106:
95:
40:
2175:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
1897:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War
1737:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
2257:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
1843:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
1718:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1674:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1030:(173): 180–186. Archived from
172:Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein
18:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84)
1:
2304:Civil wars of the Middle Ages
2045:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2032:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1972:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1965:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
1931:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1889:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
1883:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
1877:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
1863:Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War
1604:Mongol invasions of Lithuania
1578:Lithuanian wars and conflicts
653:after the death of his uncle
248:Christianization of Lithuania
2079:War of the Bar Confederation
1783:5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1777:4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1765:3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1759:2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1742:1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1208:Kučinskas, Antanas (1988) .
956:Kučinskas, Antanas (1988) .
933:Kučinskas, Antanas (1988) .
682:, marry Jadwiga, and form a
506:Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia
2007:Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War
1143:Christiansen, Eric (1997).
1077:Koncius, Joseph B. (1964).
732:List of conflicts in Europe
2355:
2213:June Uprising in Lithuania
1642:Battle of the Vikhra River
1057:Lietuviškoji enciklopedija
993:Ivinskis, Zenonas (1978).
626:
2289:14th century in Lithuania
2132:French invasion of Russia
2101:
1803:Northern Seven Years' War
1526:Stone, Daniel Z. (2001).
349:and Grand Duke of Moscow
129:
89:
53:
39:
34:
1586:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
272:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
124:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
71:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2299:Civil wars in Lithuania
2038:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
1937:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
1501:Davies, Norman (2005).
1476:Urban, William (2006).
1386:Urban, William (2006).
1266:Urban, William (2006).
908:Urban, William (2006).
874:Urban, William (2006).
664:siege of Moscow in 1382
246:regarding the possible
208:Grand Duke of Lithuania
61:August 1381 – July 1384
1911:Zebrzydowski rebellion
1838:Moldavian Magnate Wars
1359:Encyclopedia Lituanica
1183:Medieval Prosopography
1023:Naujasis Židinys-Aidai
680:Christianize Lithuania
649:. In order to receive
572:, Vytautas signed the
386:
130:Commanders and leaders
2186:Polish–Lithuanian War
2180:Lithuanian–Soviet War
1999:Battle of Berestechko
1848:War against Sigismund
1626:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
1445:Gieysztor, Aleksander
1147:The Northern Crusades
617:Marquard von Salzbach
597:Grand Duchy of Moscow
566:Tautvilas Kęstutaitis
487:
417:'s rebellion against
381:
359:Grand Duchy of Moscow
240:Grand Duchy of Moscow
2233:Lithuanian partisans
1993:Khmelnytsky Uprising
1663:Samogitian uprisings
1417:Gudavičius, Edvardas
1292:Gudavičius, Edvardas
1109:Lithuania: 700 Years
574:Treaty of Königsberg
504:, then he turned to
339:Treaty of Dovydiškės
335:Winrich von Kniprode
220:Treaty of Dovydiškės
161:Winrich von Kniprode
48:Treaty of Dovydiškės
2339:Princely rebellions
2090:Kościuszko Uprising
1989:1644 Tatar Invasion
1953:Fedorovych uprising
1943:1624 Tatar Invasion
1853:Battle of Stångebro
1711:Battle of Pabaiskas
700:Volodymyr-Volynskyi
411:Danutė of Lithuania
2243:Restored Lithuania
2166:Interwar Lithuania
2150:Revolution of 1905
2067:Great Northern War
1984:Ostryanyn uprising
1903:Battle of Klushino
1869:Battle of Kircholm
1821:Nalyvaiko Uprising
1680:Battle of Grunwald
1669:Lithuanian Crusade
1609:Lithuanian Crusade
1478:Samogitian Crusade
1388:Samogitian Crusade
1268:Samogitian Crusade
910:Samogitian Crusade
876:Samogitian Crusade
742:List of civil wars
590:fortress in Kaunas
502:Janusz I of Warsaw
472:, and his brother
387:
363:Battle of Kulikovo
337:signed the secret
320:Holy Roman Emperor
297:and as far as the
216:Vytautas the Great
101:Duchy of Samogitia
2324:Conflicts in 1384
2319:Conflicts in 1383
2314:Conflicts in 1382
2309:Conflicts in 1381
2271:
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2224:Soviet occupation
2138:November Uprising
2099:
2098:
1923:Battle of Humenné
1917:Thirty Years' War
1815:Kosiński uprising
1771:Glinski rebellion
1512:978-0-19-925339-5
1236:Istorijos baruose
1026:(in Lithuanian).
688:Andrei of Polotsk
668:Jadwiga of Poland
510:Wigand of Marburg
450:Novhorod-Siversky
409:and godfather of
361:for the upcoming
347:Dmitry of Bryansk
284:Andrei of Polotsk
244:Kingdom of Poland
196:
195:
85:
84:
16:(Redirected from
2346:
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1947:Zhmaylo uprising
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525:Treaty of Dubysa
500:and her husband
488:Vytautas' escape
478:Galicia–Volhynia
288:Maria of Vitebsk
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2114:
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678:, promising to
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391:Duchy of Trakai
384:Wojciech Gerson
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684:personal union
676:Union of Krewo
672:King of Poland
627:Main article:
624:
621:
601:Dmitri Donskoi
584:and including
541:
540:Reconciliation
538:
489:
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446:Dymitr Korybut
375:
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351:Dmitri Donskoi
303:Livonian Order
280:Uliana of Tver
276:Orthodox faith
263:
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212:King of Poland
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1643:
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1610:
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1602:
1601:
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1567:
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1552:
1549:
1539:
1537:0-295-98093-1
1533:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1487:0-929700-56-2
1483:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1462:0-521-38296-3
1458:
1454:
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1440:
1437:
1432:
1430:5-420-01535-8
1426:
1422:
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1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:0-929700-56-2
1393:
1389:
1382:
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1378:
1374:
1369:
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1361:
1360:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1337:9986-810-13-2
1333:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:5-420-01535-8
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1277:0-929700-56-2
1273:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1227:
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1215:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:0-14-026653-4
1158:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1118:0-87141-028-1
1114:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1034:on 2008-02-29
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
972:
967:
963:
959:
952:
949:
944:
940:
936:
929:
926:
921:
919:0-929700-56-2
915:
911:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
892:
887:
885:0-929700-56-2
881:
877:
870:
867:
862:
858:
854:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
827:
822:
820:9986-810-13-2
816:
812:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
783:
778:
776:0-521-36290-3
772:
768:
761:
759:
757:
753:
747:
743:
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738:
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733:
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729:
725:
714:
709:
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681:
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669:
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648:
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636:
630:
622:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
582:Nevėžis River
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:Catholic rite
547:
539:
537:
535:
531:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
485:
483:
479:
476:recruited in
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:Hanul of Riga
451:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
385:
380:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
327:
325:
321:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:Pripyat River
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
261:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
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192:
188:
183:
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168:
162:
157:
151:
147:
142:
138:
134:
133:
128:
125:
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117:
115:
102:
98:
94:
93:
88:
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
43:
38:
33:
28:
19:
2245:(since 1990)
2205:World War II
2060:18th century
2034:(1672–1676)
2015:(1655–1660)
2013:Northern War
1995:(1648–1657)
1961:(1632–1634)
1959:Smolensk War
1933:(1620–1621)
1919:(1618–1648)
1899:(1605–1618)
1865:(1600–1611)
1831:17th century
1791:(1558–1583)
1789:Livonian War
1752:16th century
1726:(1443–1444)
1676:(1409–1411)
1656:15th century
1636:
1619:14th century
1596:13th century
1527:
1521:
1502:
1496:
1477:
1471:
1452:
1439:
1420:
1387:
1357:
1327:
1295:
1286:
1267:
1235:
1226:
1209:
1203:
1186:
1182:
1146:
1108:
1078:
1056:
1036:. Retrieved
1032:the original
1027:
1021:
1011:
994:
957:
951:
934:
928:
909:
875:
869:
852:
810:
766:
692:
632:
594:
553:
543:
530:Dubysa River
522:
491:
482:Kreva Castle
443:
388:
357:against the
355:Golden Horde
332:Grand Master
328:
292:
265:
236:Kreva Castle
199:
197:
90:Belligerents
2264:(2003–2011)
2226:(1944–1990)
2188:(1919–1920)
2182:(1918–1919)
2168:(1918–1940)
2157:(1914–1918)
2155:World War I
2146:(1863–1864)
2140:(1830–1831)
2128:(1803–1815)
2085:War of 1792
2081:(1768–1774)
2075:(1733–1735)
2069:(1700–1721)
2047:(1683–1699)
2028:(1666–1671)
2009:(1654–1667)
1974:(1633–1634)
1891:(1626–1629)
1885:(1621–1625)
1879:(1617–1618)
1823:(1594–1596)
1817:(1591–1593)
1811:(1587–1588)
1805:(1563–1570)
1797:(1577–1582)
1785:(1534–1537)
1779:(1512–1522)
1767:(1507–1508)
1761:(1500–1503)
1744:(1492–1494)
1720:(1431–1435)
1665:(1401–1409)
1628:(1340–1392)
1611:(1283–1422)
613:Neman River
562:Neman River
2278:Categories
2019:The Deluge
1693:Gollub War
1687:Hunger War
1038:2008-07-08
748:References
570:Königsberg
262:Background
210:and later
1588:(to 1795)
1368:74-114275
1195:0198-9405
1189:(1): 25.
655:Liubartas
647:Vawkavysk
643:Podlaskie
623:Aftermath
474:Liubartas
466:Samogitia
439:Jurbarkas
419:Skirgaila
395:Samogitia
369:Civil war
315:Skirgaila
266:Brothers
222:with the
191:Skirgaila
2262:Iraq War
1447:(1998).
1244:84212910
1218:25726077
1210:Kęstutis
1127:75-80057
1087:66089704
1003:79346776
966:25726077
958:Kęstutis
943:25726077
935:Kęstutis
861:25726071
710:See also
651:Volhynia
605:Volhynia
554:Vygandas
407:Osterode
399:bombards
268:Algirdas
242:and the
228:Kęstutis
150:Vytautas
141:Kęstutis
66:Location
1153:164–165
534:Masovia
458:Livonia
431:Vitebsk
423:Vilnius
415:Polotsk
343:Vaidila
311:Vilnius
305:raided
232:Vilnius
204:Jogaila
182:Jogaila
2215:(1941)
2196:(1923)
2134:(1812)
2092:(1794)
2001:(1651)
1986:(1638)
1980:(1637)
1955:(1630)
1949:(1625)
1925:(1619)
1913:(1606)
1905:(1610)
1871:(1605)
1773:(1508)
1695:(1422)
1689:(1414)
1534:
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