38:
260:
postbellum pre-World-War-Two little magazine in the South. Immediately after the Civil War they mainly covered
Southern topics and the works of Southern authors, changing at the turn of the 20th century into more critical views of Southern letters and life by new young scholars, becoming voices for the advent of modernism in the 1920s, and finally in the 1930s entering into the debate over the future economic prosperity of the South on the side of
129:
Little magazine editors can be characterized as in the main idiosyncratic and dissatisfied with the status quo. The magazines themselves are in general, but with several notable exceptions, short-lived and do not out-last their founding editors. Editors have adopted ingenious, on occasion devious,
120:
It has been argued that little magazines that are associated with universities are not truly encompassed by the term, but the majority view amongst scholars is that they have similar enough purposes, formats, and contents to unaffiliated magazines in the genre that they can be considered little
259:
In the U.S. South, postbellum little magazines had non-commercial ends, generally seeking to inform and influence their readers, rather than being marketed for profit, a skill that their amateur editors generally lacked. English professor Bes E. Stark
Spangler traced four main phases of the
102:
magazine described little magazines as putting "experiment before ease, and art before comment" and noting that "hey can afford to do so because they can barely afford to do anything; as a rule they do not, and cannot, expect to make money". Hoffman considered them to be
74:
The traditional characteristics of a little magazine include a 5-by-8-inch (13 cm × 20 cm) format, a two-color cover, and a semi-annual or quarterly publishing schedule. Literary magazines that do not qualify as little magazines for these reasons include
231:
Thousands of little magazines existed across North
America by the close of the 20th century, most not fully supporting themselves and subsidized by state or federal grants and endowments from universities, colleges, and foundations, sometimes with unpaid staff.
334:
The second phase, which was a reactionary movement amongst young scholars in
Southern colleges and universities that was critical of the South, and which was discussed in the contemporary essays of John B. Hennemann, is exemplified by William P. Trent's 1892
67:, because while the majority of such magazines are literary in nature, containing poetry and fiction, a significant proportion of such magazines are not. Some have encompassed the full range of the arts, and others have grown from
58:
genre consisting of "artistic work which for reasons of commercial expediency is not acceptable to the money-minded periodicals or presses", according to a 1942 study by
Frederick J. Hoffman, a professor of English. While
223:
obviated the need for editors (or their friends) to own a mimeograph machine. At the same time, university-sponsored magazines became more prevalent, whereas unaffiliated magazines had dominated the genre before the
355:, respectively, and Bassett in particular was risking his job by publishing, as his magazine directly addressed racial issues in the South and reform, something that his successor toned down, editor Edwin Mims.
267:
Examples of the first phase, which were a significant factor in keeping the genre of
Southern letters alive for the two decades after the Civil War, include Daniel H. Hill's 1866–1869
310:
63:
disagreed with the diminutive connotations of "little", the name "little magazine" is widely accepted for such magazines. A little magazine is not necessarily a
204:, which significantly reduced magazine printing costs. An example of this that also illustrates the devious approach to financing is Keith Abbot. He published
117:
observed that the more a magazine values profits, the less it is willing to experiment with things that are not (yet) acceptable to a mainstream readership.
434:
and the new 1930s little magazines debated whether the South should remain agrarian or embrace industrialism. Also in the 1930s they were associated with
549:
in 1997, still devoted to the core little magazine subject of literature, including short fiction, poetry, book reviews, and creative non-fiction. As
553:
did in the 19th century, 20th-century little magazines still received vastly more unsolicited literary contributions than they published, the
905:
885:
235:
The desire for low-budget publications brought an on-line revolution to little magazines at the turn of the 21st century. Firstly embracing
89:, measuring 9 by 12 inches (23 cm × 30 cm), having complex four-color covers, and having bi-monthly publishing schedules.
273:, which widened its readership by including agriculture and military history alongside the literature; W. S. Scott's 1865–1869
982:
963:
874:
855:
836:
415:, and others later took up postings in other universities, they would in turn found or edit other magazines, Crowe going on to edit
371:
942:
121:
magazines also. Historically, they were both devoted to social issues, literature, or critical inquiry, and edited by amateurs.
219:
superseded the mimeograph, further reducing costs as the availability of commercial photocopying services by companies such as
247:, and many other on-line publication channels. The on-line revolution also raised possibilities for content in the form of
846:
Spangler, Bes E. Stark (2001). "Literary magazines of the past". In Flora, Joseph M.; MacKethan, Lucinda
Hardwick (eds.).
375:
384:
865:
Ravenel, Shannon (2001). "Literary magazines of the present". In Flora, Joseph M.; MacKethan, Lucinda
Hardwick (eds.).
444:
is now the oldest
Southern literary magazine, with other long-lived magazines dating from the 20th century, including
209:
516:
526:
452:
315:
1001:
541:
533:
Many little magazines continued to be founded in the South in the last three decades of the 20th century, from
343:
31:
348:
212:, stealing a box of mimeograph paper from the university and borrowing a mimeograph machine from a friend.
162:
92:"Integral to the definition of the little magazine", according to scholars Ian Morris and Joanne Diaz, is
82:
492:
472:
393:
363:
486:
397:
200:, the publication of little magazines saw a "mimeo revolution" in the 1960s with the advent of the
149:
559:
for example reporting in 1997 that it received 12,000 submissions for every 100 pieces published.
299:
275:
113:
Robie
Macauley opined that such magazines "ought to be ten years ahead of general acceptance".
978:
959:
901:
870:
851:
832:
506:
417:
293:
139:
64:
37:
897:
341:(which Hennemann was later to edit), which would influence John Spencer Bassett to found the
893:
535:
446:
269:
867:
The Companion to Southern Literature: Themes, Genres, Places, People, Movements, and Motifs
848:
The Companion to Southern Literature: Themes, Genres, Places, People, Movements, and Motifs
303:, an ante-bellum magazine revived briefly in 1866; Albert Taylor Bledsoe's 1867–1869
423:
352:
305:
197:
153:
77:
60:
975:
American Little Magazines of the Fin de Siecle: Art, Protest, and Cultural Transformation
555:
462:
337:
190:
995:
435:
175:
167:
109:
42:
98:
827:
Morris, Ian; Diaz, Joanne (2015). "Preface". In Morris, Ian; Diaz, Joanne (eds.).
931:
930:
Hoffman, Frederick John; Allen, Charles Albert; Ulrich, Carolyn F., eds. (1946).
130:
means to finance their magazines, often financing them out of their own pockets.
261:
216:
182:
178:
104:
17:
328:
323:, augmented literature with science and art coverage; and the 1882–1887
225:
220:
201:
114:
186:
244:
144:
55:
248:
240:
264:, having heated debates with what they viewed as Southern "liberals".
171:
157:
93:
421:, and Ransom together with Cleanth Brooks to found another (1935)
327:, which was one of the last little magazines to be devoted to the
251:
and audio-visual content not possible in a purely printed format.
36:
181:. Little magazines were significant for the poets who shaped the
236:
68:
770:
768:
755:
753:
956:
The Little Magazine in America: A Modern Documentary History
382:
under the editorship of Jay B. Hubbard; the 1921–1926
704:
702:
806:
804:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
634:
632:
653:
651:
649:
647:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
388:; and John Crowe Ransom's and Robert Penn Warren's 1922
347:
in 1902. Both Trent and Bassett were professors, at the
430:
In the final phase, both established magazines like
196:
Originally printed with traditional methods such as
408:, both of which had brief lifetimes in the 1920s.
279:; Moses D. Hodge's and William Hand Browne's 1866
215:In the 1980s a similar revolution occurred as the
943:"Publishing: A Big Volume on the Little Magazine"
933:The Little Magazine: A History and a Bibliography
954:Anderson, Elliott; Kinzie, Mary, eds. (1978).
96:. A later 1978 study by the (then) editors of
8:
27:Magazine produced without a motive of profit
936:(2nd ed.). Princeton University Press.
829:The Little Magazine in Contemporary America
193:across the world in the twentieth century.
174:, which had as its agenda a revolt against
890:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature
759:
732:
720:
708:
681:
669:
638:
602:
579:
138:The earliest significant examples are the
869:. Southern Literary Studies. LSU Press.
850:. Southern Literary Studies. LSU Press.
810:
795:
774:
693:
657:
46:, a little magazine published circa 1894
744:
623:
572:
358:The early years of the third phase saw
898:10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.588
411:As young writers from Vanderbilt, the
7:
362:founded in 1911 and affiliated with
460:(1935–1942, then from 1965),
208:when he was a graduate student at
25:
396:Group. Other influences for the
378:in 1924 and changed the name to
977:. University of Toronto Press.
958:. Yonkers, NY: Pushcart Press.
884:Barsanti, Michael (July 2017).
831:. University of Chicago Press.
30:For the movement in India, see
1:
376:Southern Methodist University
255:In the Southern United States
941:Last, Thomas (1978-12-29).
892:. Oxford University Press.
239:, they have diversified to
210:Washington State University
1018:
517:Southern Humanities Review
29:
973:MacLeod, Kirsten (2018).
527:The South Carolina Review
453:Virginia Quarterly Review
542:The Chattahoochee Review
360:The Westminster Magazine
344:South Atlantic Quarterly
291:and finally changing to
287:after its absorption of
276:Scott's Monthly Magazine
50:In the United States, a
32:Little magazine movement
349:University of the South
760:Morris & Diaz 2015
733:Morris & Diaz 2015
721:Morris & Diaz 2015
709:Morris & Diaz 2015
682:Morris & Diaz 2015
670:Morris & Diaz 2015
639:Morris & Diaz 2015
603:Morris & Diaz 2015
580:Morris & Diaz 2015
482:Southern Poetry Review
283:(later to be the 1869
47:
949:. p. C–22.
394:Vanderbilt University
374:, which relocated to
364:Oglethorpe University
148:(1840–44), edited by
40:
723:, pp. xiii–xiv.
487:Massachusetts Review
370:affiliated with the
107:, and editor of the
83:Lindhurst Foundation
777:, pp. 443–444.
747:, pp. 445–446.
536:Apalachee Quarterly
458:The Southern Review
398:Southern Renascence
372:University of Texas
313:'s 1872–1882
150:Ralph Waldo Emerson
947:The New York Times
886:"Little Magazines"
582:, pp. vii, x.
522:New Orleans Review
498:Southern Quarterly
468:Carolina Quarterly
316:The South Atlantic
166:(1896), edited by
48:
907:978-0-19-020109-8
507:Greensboro Review
418:The Kenyon Review
392:published by the
385:The Double Dealer
311:Mrs Cicero Harris
294:Southern Magazine
140:transcendentalist
65:literary magazine
16:(Redirected from
1009:
988:
969:
950:
937:
918:
916:
914:
880:
861:
842:
814:
808:
799:
793:
778:
772:
763:
757:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
642:
636:
627:
621:
606:
600:
583:
577:
551:The Land We Love
539:in 1971 through
447:Southwest Review
380:Southwest Review
366:; Stark Young's
325:Southern Bivouac
321:The Land We Love
289:The Land We Love
270:The Land We Love
206:Blue Suede Shoes
21:
18:Little magazines
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1002:Magazine genres
992:
991:
985:
972:
966:
953:
940:
929:
926:
924:Further reading
921:
912:
910:
908:
883:
877:
864:
858:
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826:
822:
817:
809:
802:
794:
781:
773:
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762:, p. xvii.
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637:
630:
622:
609:
601:
586:
578:
574:
570:
568:Cross-reference
565:
424:Southern Review
353:Trinity College
306:Southern Review
300:De Bow's Review
257:
198:offset printing
185:movements like
154:Margaret Fuller
136:
127:
78:Oxford American
61:George Plimpton
52:little magazine
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1015:
1013:
1005:
1004:
994:
993:
990:
989:
983:
970:
964:
951:
938:
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922:
920:
919:
906:
881:
875:
862:
856:
843:
837:
823:
821:
818:
816:
815:
813:, p. 445.
800:
798:, p. 444.
779:
764:
749:
737:
735:, p. xiv.
725:
713:
711:, p. xii.
698:
686:
674:
662:
660:, p. 443.
643:
628:
626:, p. 445.
607:
584:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
556:Atlanta Review
502:Hollins Critic
463:Georgia Review
442:Sewanee Review
432:Sewanee Review
338:Sewanee Review
319:, which, like
256:
253:
191:Post-modernism
135:
132:
126:
123:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1014:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
986:
984:9781442643161
980:
976:
971:
967:
965:9780916366049
961:
957:
952:
948:
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939:
935:
934:
928:
927:
923:
909:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
878:
876:9780807126929
872:
868:
863:
859:
857:9780807126929
853:
849:
844:
840:
838:9780226120492
834:
830:
825:
824:
819:
812:
811:Spangler 2001
807:
805:
801:
797:
796:Spangler 2001
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
780:
776:
775:Spangler 2001
771:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
729:
726:
722:
717:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
694:Barsanti 2017
690:
687:
684:, p. xi.
683:
678:
675:
672:, p. ix.
671:
666:
663:
659:
658:Spangler 2001
654:
652:
650:
648:
644:
641:, p. xv.
640:
635:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
616:
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612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
595:
593:
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537:
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528:
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518:
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503:
499:
495:
494:
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
474:
469:
465:
464:
459:
455:
454:
449:
448:
443:
439:
437:
436:New Criticism
433:
428:
426:
425:
420:
419:
414:
413:Double Dealer
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
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168:Arthur Symons
165:
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159:
155:
151:
147:
146:
141:
133:
131:
124:
122:
118:
116:
112:
111:
110:Kenyon Review
106:
101:
100:
95:
90:
88:
84:
80:
79:
72:
70:
66:
62:
57:
53:
45:
44:
43:The Chap-Book
39:
33:
19:
974:
955:
946:
932:
911:. Retrieved
889:
866:
847:
828:
745:Ravenel 2001
740:
728:
716:
689:
677:
665:
624:Ravenel 2001
605:, p. x.
575:
554:
550:
546:
540:
534:
532:
525:
524:(1968), and
521:
515:
511:
505:
501:
497:
491:
485:
481:
477:
471:
467:
461:
457:
451:
445:
441:
440:
431:
429:
422:
416:
412:
410:
405:
401:
390:The Fugitive
389:
383:
379:
368:Texas Review
367:
359:
357:
342:
336:
333:
324:
320:
314:
304:
298:
292:
288:
285:New Eclectic
284:
280:
274:
268:
266:
258:
234:
230:
214:
205:
195:
161:
143:
142:publication
137:
128:
119:
108:
99:TriQuarterly
97:
91:
86:
76:
73:
51:
49:
41:
547:Five Points
545:in 1980 to
262:agrarianism
217:photocopier
183:avant-garde
179:materialism
105:avant-garde
563:References
493:Crazyhorse
473:Shenandoah
329:Lost Cause
297:in 1871);
226:World Wars
202:mimeograph
115:Ezra Pound
87:Doubletake
406:The Nomad
402:The Lyric
187:Modernism
176:Victorian
163:The Savoy
996:Category
530:(1968).
520:(1968),
514:(1967),
512:Cimarron
510:(1966),
504:(1964),
500:(1962),
496:(1960),
490:(1959),
484:(1958),
480:(1956),
476:(1950),
470:(1948),
466:(1947),
456:(1925),
450:(1915),
281:Eclectic
249:podcasts
245:Facebook
145:The Dial
81:and the
56:magazine
913:11 July
820:Sources
351:and at
241:Twitter
221:Kinko's
134:History
125:Editors
71:roots.
981:
962:
904:
873:
854:
835:
478:Nimrod
172:London
160:, and
158:Boston
94:penury
400:were
237:blogs
170:, in
156:, in
54:is a
979:ISBN
960:ISBN
915:2019
902:ISBN
871:ISBN
852:ISBN
833:ISBN
404:and
189:and
152:and
69:zine
894:doi
228:.
85:'s
998::
945:.
900:.
888:.
803:^
782:^
767:^
752:^
701:^
646:^
631:^
610:^
587:^
438:.
427:.
331:.
309:;
243:,
987:.
968:.
917:.
896::
879:.
860:.
841:.
696:.
34:.
20:)
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