238:. Chen Xu, as the young emperor's uncle, was in an honored position, sharing power with the officials Dao Zhongju (到仲舉), Kong Huan (孔奐), Yuan Shu (袁樞), and Liu Shizhi (劉師知). However, Chen Xu soon came into a power struggle with Dao and Liu, and in 567, after Liu made a failed attempt to have Chen Xu removed from the palace, Chen Xu forced him to commit suicide, and subsequently forced Dao to commit suicide as well. He was now in control of the imperial government. In winter 568, he had an edict issued in the name of Emperor Wu's wife
263:
medications sharpened. When
Emperor Xuan died, Crown Prince Shubao, while mourning his father, placed himself over the casket. Chen Shuling stabbed him in the neck with the knife, and he fell to the ground. When Empress Liu saw this, she intervened, but she was also stabbed several times by Chen Shuling, who was however then hit by the
267:
Lady Wu and was unable to kill Chen Shubao. Subsequently, Chen
Shuling fled out of the palace and staged a military coup, along with his cousin Chen Bogu (陳伯固) the Prince of Xin'an (Emperor Wen's son). Because Chen Shubao had been seriously wounded, Empress Liu, while also herself injured, took
185:
to
Jiangling, his new capital, to serve in his administration—but also to serve as hostages. While Chen Xu was at Jiangling, Emperor Yuan married Liu Jingyan to him as his wife, notwithstanding that he had already married a Lady Qian while he was a commoner at his home commandery of Yixing (義興,
262:
In spring 582, Emperor Xuan became ill. Crown Prince Shubao, as well as his brothers Chen
Shuling (陳叔陵) the Prince of Shixing and Chen Shujian (陳叔堅) the Prince of Changsha, attended to Emperor Xuan. Chen Shuling, who wanted the throne for himself, secretly had a dull knife designed to cut
1043:
was erroneous about Liu
Jingyan's age at the time of her father's death, or she would give birth to Chen Shubao as early as 11-year-old 3 years later. According to the Epitaph of Empress Liu, she was 84 when she died and thus born in 531, so she lost her father at the age of
221:
as its
Emperor Wu. While Chen Xu was then still detained at Chang'an, he remotely created Chen Xu the Prince of Shixing. Subsequently, when Emperor Wu died in 559, because Chen Baxian's son Chen Chang was still detained at Chang'an as well, Chen Xu's brother
230:
agreed to allow Chen Xu to return to Chen. Later that year, after further negotiations, Lady Liu and Chen Shubao were allowed to return to Chen as well. As Chen Xu then carried the title of Prince of
Ancheng, she carried the title of Princess of Ancheng.
254:
Empress Liu was said to be beautiful, tall, and humble. Cognizant that
Emperor Xuan had married Lady Qian as his wife before marrying her, but that Lady Qian had been subordinated to the lesser imperial consort title of
268:
control of the situation, and the imperial troops were able to defeat Chen
Shuling's and Chen Bogu's. Both were killed. Chen Shuling's sons were also killed, while Chen Bogu's sons were demoted to commoner status.
292:), and other important matters, were ruled on by Empress Dowager Liu, assisted by Chen Shujian. When Chen Shubao recovered, she returned the imperial authorities to him and no longer ruled on governmental matters.
280:. As Chen Shubao was continuing to recover from his injuries, the various urgent matters at hand—including Emperor Xuan's funeral arrangements, the border defenses (as Chen had recently lost the region between the
129:. (The traditional histories imply that she was the princess' daughter, but do not clearly state so.) Liu Yan came from a lineage of officials, as his grandfather Liu Shilong (柳世隆) was a key general under
1005:, however. Empress Liu died in 615 and was said to be 82 at her death, making her birth year 533, making the year when she was eight, 542. However, Liu Yan was said to have died during the first year of
1662:
295:
When Chen fell to Sui in 589, Chen Shubao and his clan were taken to Chang'an. Empress
Dowager Liu went to Chang'an as well. She subsequently took up residence at Sui's eastern capital
242:
deposing Emperor Fei and giving him the throne. In spring 569, he formally took the throne as emperor (as Emperor Xuan). He created Princess Liu as empress and her son Chen Shubao as
1237:
999:
It was recorded that Empress Liu was eight at then and acted as if she was an adult, but there are some major problems with the dating of this event as described in the
202:
forces attacked and captured Jiangling, and around the new year 555, they put Emperor Yuan to death. Chen Xu and Chen Chang were taken to the Western Wei capital
1642:
1230:
145:), Liu Jingyan, having no older brothers (she had one younger brother, Liu Pan (柳盼)), managed the affairs of the household. After the rebel general
1458:
259:(貴妃), she humbled herself when in Consort Qian's presence, often offering the better items to Consort Qian and taking the lesser items for herself.
1678:
1749:
1650:
1646:
1223:
1638:
1759:
1246:
1744:
1739:
137:, and his father Liu Yun (柳惲) was a Liang official. When Liu Yan died while being governor of Poyang Commandery (鄱陽, roughly modern
1634:
1145:
1513:
1714:
1674:
1626:
1719:
1709:
1363:
1293:
1754:
1528:
1378:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1121:
1102:
1086:
1734:
130:
134:
1618:
1180:
1006:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1622:
1386:
1196:
239:
1654:
1630:
158:
173:
defeated Hou, Xiao Yi declared himself emperor (as Emperor Yuan). He rewarded Wang and his lieutenant
226:
succeeded Emperor Wu (as Emperor Wen). In 562, following negotiations, Western Wei's successor state
1536:
182:
106:
46:
1729:
1724:
1518:
1368:
821:
235:
223:
126:
1250:
1150:
1024:
174:
1138:
1068:
53:
154:
90:
1013:(大寶) era (550-551), when she would have been 17. According to Liu Yan's biography in the
277:
264:
206:
as honored captives, while Lady Liu and Chen Shubao were left at Rangcheng (穰城, in modern
161:
the Prince of Xiangdong. On account of the princess, Xiao Yi treated them with kindness.
1606:
1558:
1408:
1157:
1081:
299:. She died there in 615 and was buried in Luoyang, not with her husband Emperor Xuan.
207:
1215:
1703:
1501:
1473:
1468:
1413:
1351:
1331:
1303:
1298:
1288:
1015:
285:
227:
170:
122:
1598:
1583:
1550:
1491:
1453:
1400:
1341:
1273:
1133:
1001:
243:
218:
102:
1483:
1418:
1326:
1318:
1308:
1189:
289:
203:
199:
195:
110:
58:
1027:. It is possible, but hardly shown by clear and convincing evidence, that the
1428:
1336:
1283:
1278:
1207:
281:
178:
1588:
1463:
1575:
1445:
1265:
191:
150:
146:
138:
109:(Chen Xu). She briefly governed as regent during the illness of her son
296:
276:
Chen Shubao then assumed the throne, and Empress Liu took the title of
142:
98:
187:
211:
1219:
153:
in 548 and captured it in 549, Liu Jingyan and Liu Pan went to
121:
Liu Jingyan was born in 531 when her father Liu Yan (柳偃) was a
125:
official. His wife was Princess Changcheng, a daughter of
217:
In 557, Chen Baxian seized the throne and established the
234:
In 566, Emperor Wen died and was succeeded by his son
1597:
1574:
1549:
1527:
1500:
1482:
1444:
1399:
1377:
1350:
1317:
1264:
72:
64:
52:
42:
34:
26:
21:
177:, while requesting Chen Baxian to send his son
1231:
8:
1506:
1356:
1238:
1224:
1216:
1176:
316:
307:
18:
1113:
1111:
157:to rely on Princess Changcheng's brother
992:
1039:. It is also quite possible that the
933:
837:
768:12. Xiao Shunzhi, Marquess of Linxiang
726:
722:
718:
708:
612:
508:
504:
492:
399:
325:
321:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
930:
920:
907:
897:
893:
881:
878:
868:
855:
845:
841:
825:
819:
809:
796:
786:
782:
770:
767:
757:
744:
734:
730:
702:
692:
680:
670:
666:
654:
652:
642:
630:
620:
616:
600:
598:
588:
576:
566:
562:
550:
548:
538:
526:
516:
512:
489:
479:
467:
457:
453:
441:
439:
429:
417:
407:
403:
387:
384:
374:
362:
352:
348:
336:
333:
329:
7:
194:). In 553, she bore Chen Xu a son,
85:(531 – 20 March 615), personal name
38:20 March 615 (aged 83–84)
288:to Northern Zhou's successor state
240:Grand Empress Dowager Zhang Yao'er
14:
1146:History of the Southern Dynasties
1031:could have mistaken Emperor Wu's
169:In 552, after Xiao Yi's general
931:3. Princess Changcheng of Liang
1:
1750:6th-century empresses consort
1663:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1760:Mothers of Chinese emperors
1776:
831:
724:
720:
606:
506:
498:
393:
323:
131:Emperor Gao of Southern Qi
1745:6th-century Chinese women
1740:6th-century women regents
1615:
1567:
1509:
1437:
1359:
1257:
1203:
1194:
1186:
1179:
914:
895:
887:
862:
843:
839:
803:
784:
776:
751:
732:
728:
686:
668:
660:
636:
618:
614:
582:
564:
556:
532:
514:
510:
473:
455:
447:
423:
405:
401:
368:
350:
342:
327:
135:Emperor Wu of Southern Qi
94:
16:Chinese empress (534–616)
1007:Emperor Jianwen of Liang
311:Ancestors of Liu Jingyan
1569:Grand empresses dowager
1197:Empress of Chen Dynasty
1035:(大同) era (535-546) for
1019:, he died in 550. See
1715:Chen dynasty empresses
1459:Empress Dowager Zhang
149:attacked the capital
1720:Chen dynasty regents
1710:Liang dynasty people
1537:Empress Dowager Gong
1514:Empress Dowager Wang
987:Notes and references
47:Emperor Xuan of Chen
1755:6th-century regents
1519:Empress Dowager Xia
822:Emperor Wu of Liang
705:Empress Liu Jingyan
165:Marriage to Chen Xu
127:Emperor Wu of Liang
76:Princess Changcheng
1735:Sui dynasty people
1251:Southern dynasties
879:13. Zhang Shangrou
272:As empress dowager
250:As empress consort
105:. Her husband was
1697:
1696:
1545:
1544:
1439:Empresses dowager
1395:
1394:
1259:Empresses consort
1214:
1213:
1204:Succeeded by
983:
982:
979:
978:
80:
79:
1767:
1507:
1357:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1217:
1187:Preceded by
1177:
1125:
1115:
1106:
1096:
1090:
1078:
1072:
1062:
1045:
997:
317:
308:
96:
19:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1611:
1593:
1570:
1563:
1541:
1523:
1496:
1478:
1440:
1433:
1391:
1373:
1346:
1313:
1260:
1253:
1244:
1210:
1200:
1192:
1181:Chinese royalty
1129:
1128:
1116:
1109:
1097:
1093:
1079:
1075:
1063:
1048:
998:
994:
989:
984:
856:26. Zhang Muzhi
305:
278:empress dowager
274:
265:lady in waiting
252:
186:roughly modern
167:
119:
101:of the Chinese
17:
12:
11:
5:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1595:
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1592:
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1572:
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1565:
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1555:
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1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
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1539:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
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1334:
1329:
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1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
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1276:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1158:Zizhi Tongjian
1154:
1142:
1127:
1126:
1118:Zizhi Tongjian
1107:
1099:Zizhi Tongjian
1091:
1082:Zizhi Tongjian
1073:
1046:
991:
990:
988:
985:
981:
980:
977:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
941:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
929:
926:
925:
922:
921:
919:
916:
915:
913:
910:
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:
898:
896:
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
883:
882:
880:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
867:
864:
863:
861:
858:
857:
854:
851:
850:
847:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
799:
798:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
785:
783:
781:
778:
777:
775:
772:
771:
769:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
756:
753:
752:
750:
747:
746:
745:24. Xiao Daosi
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
707:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
691:
688:
687:
685:
682:
681:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
669:
667:
665:
662:
661:
659:
656:
655:
653:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
641:
638:
637:
635:
632:
631:
629:
626:
625:
622:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
608:
607:
605:
602:
601:
599:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
587:
584:
583:
581:
578:
577:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
565:
563:
561:
558:
557:
555:
552:
551:
549:
547:
544:
543:
540:
539:
537:
534:
533:
531:
528:
527:
525:
522:
521:
518:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
500:
499:
497:
494:
493:
491:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
478:
475:
474:
472:
469:
468:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
456:
454:
452:
449:
448:
446:
443:
442:
440:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
428:
425:
424:
422:
419:
418:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
398:
395:
394:
392:
389:
388:
386:
383:
380:
379:
376:
375:
373:
370:
369:
367:
364:
363:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
351:
349:
347:
344:
343:
341:
338:
337:
335:
334:8. Liu Shilong
332:
330:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
313:
312:
306:
304:
301:
273:
270:
251:
248:
166:
163:
118:
115:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1772:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1529:Western Liang
1526:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1474:Wang Zhenfeng
1472:
1470:
1469:Wang Xianyuan
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:Shen Miaorong
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1379:Western Liang
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:Empress Zhang
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:Wang Shaoming
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Jiang Jiangui
1302:
1300:
1299:Wang Zhenfeng
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:Wang Xianyuan
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1209:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:Book of Liang
1018:
1017:
1016:Book of Liang
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
996:
993:
986:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
942:
939:
937:
936:
928:
927:
924:
923:
918:
917:
912:
911:
908:27. Lady Xiao
905:
904:
901:
900:
891:
890:
885:
884:
876:
875:
872:
871:
866:
865:
860:
859:
853:
852:
849:
848:
835:
834:
829:
828:
823:
817:
816:
813:
812:
807:
806:
801:
800:
794:
793:
790:
789:
780:
779:
774:
773:
765:
764:
761:
760:
755:
754:
749:
748:
742:
741:
738:
737:
716:
715:
712:
711:
706:
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690:
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664:
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628:
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623:
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579:
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541:
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524:
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519:
502:
501:
496:
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487:
486:
483:
482:
477:
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461:
460:
451:
450:
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437:
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397:
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382:
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372:
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366:
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346:
345:
340:
339:
331:
319:
318:
315:
314:
310:
309:
302:
300:
298:
293:
291:
287:
286:Yangtze River
283:
279:
271:
269:
266:
260:
258:
249:
247:
245:
241:
237:
232:
229:
228:Northern Zhou
225:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:Wang Sengbian
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:Liang dynasty
116:
114:
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108:
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100:
92:
88:
84:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
57:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1651:N. Dynasties
1647:S. Dynasties
1607:Zhang Yao'er
1584:Xiao Wenshou
1559:Zhang Yao'er
1492:Wang Baoming
1454:Xiao Wenshou
1423:
1409:Zhang Yao'er
1387:Empress Wang
1369:Empress Wang
1342:Wang Shunhua
1274:Sima Maoying
1195:
1190:Empress Wang
1156:
1144:
1134:Book of Chen
1132:
1117:
1098:
1094:
1080:
1076:
1065:Book of Chen
1064:
1041:Book of Chen
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:Book of Chen
1028:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1002:Book of Chen
1000:
995:
797:25. Lady Shi
704:
294:
275:
261:
256:
253:
244:crown prince
233:
219:Chen dynasty
216:
168:
120:
107:Emperor Xuan
103:Chen dynasty
86:
82:
81:
1643:16 Kingdoms
1484:Southern Qi
1424:Liu Jingyan
1419:Wang Shaoji
1327:He Jingying
1319:Southern Qi
1309:Xie Fanjing
290:Sui dynasty
236:Emperor Fei
200:Western Wei
198:. In 554,
196:Chen Shubao
181:and nephew
175:Chen Baxian
111:Chen Shubao
87:Liu Jingyan
83:Empress Liu
59:Chen Shubao
22:Liu Jingyan
1730:616 deaths
1725:534 births
1704:Categories
1635:3 Kingdoms
1429:Shen Wuhua
1337:Chu Lingqu
1294:Empress Lu
1284:Yin Yuying
1279:Yuan Qigui
1208:Shen Wuhua
490:2. Liu Yan
385:4. Liu Yun
282:Huai River
179:Chen Chang
117:Background
97:), was an
1589:Lu Huinan
1464:Lu Huinan
1247:Empresses
224:Chen Qian
155:Jiangling
1576:Liu Song
1446:Liu Song
1266:Liu Song
1206:Empress
1201:569–582
1161:, vols.
1122:vol. 175
1103:vol. 170
1087:vol. 168
303:Ancestry
284:and the
204:Chang'an
192:Zhejiang
151:Jiankang
147:Hou Jing
139:Shangrao
113:in 582.
1249:of the
1151:vol. 12
1025:vol. 21
297:Luoyang
208:Nanyang
183:Chen Xu
159:Xiao Yi
143:Jiangxi
99:empress
91:Chinese
68:Liu Yan
1675:W. Xia
1617:Xia →
1139:vol. 7
1069:vol. 7
1033:Datong
257:Guifei
188:Huzhou
93::
73:Mother
65:Father
43:Spouse
1619:Shang
1502:Liang
1352:Liang
1037:Dabao
1011:Dabao
212:Henan
54:Issue
1691:Qing
1687:Ming
1683:Yuan
1671:Song
1667:Liao
1659:Tang
1623:Zhou
1599:Chen
1551:Chen
1401:Chen
133:and
35:Died
27:Born
1679:Jīn
1655:Sui
1639:Jìn
1631:Han
1627:Qin
1171:175
1167:170
1163:168
1044:19.
1009:'s
820:6.
703:1.
214:).
95:柳敬言
30:531
1706::
1689:→
1685:→
1681:→
1677:/
1673:/
1669:/
1665:→
1661:→
1657:→
1653:→
1649:/
1645:→
1641:/
1637:→
1633:→
1629:→
1625:→
1621:→
1169:,
1165:,
1149:,
1137:,
1120:,
1110:^
1101:,
1085:,
1067:,
1049:^
1023:,
246:.
210:,
190:,
141:,
1239:e
1232:t
1225:v
1173:.
1153:.
1141:.
1124:.
1105:.
1089:.
1071:.
89:(
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