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435:. No one warlord had enough power to take on all the others at once, so many small battles occurred, pitting one warlord against another. Large conflicts seldom developed, plotting and skirmishing characterized the Sichuanese political scene, and ephemeral coalitions and counter coalitions emerged and vanished with equal rapidity.
521:
Liu tried to establish the infrastructure needed to support the remote province. Its transport was primitive, and it had no industry to speak of. Large projects such as the hydroelectric plant built in 1944 promised to bring the area into the modern world. Liu also promoted education as a way to
525:
Liu walked the tightrope of allegiance throughout the 1940s. He made sure that his forces saw as little action as possible, while at the same time he was careful not to arouse the full wrath of Chiang Kai-shek, and thereby continued to reap the benefits of wearing the
Nationalist mantle.
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366:
713:
A force of about 300 soldiers was organized and augmented by recruiting local Khampa bandits into the army. The relationship between the
Consolatory Commission and Liu Wenhui seriously deteriorated in early 1936, when the Norla
442:. With the province locked in internal struggles, no reinforcements were sent to support the Sichuan troops stationed in Xikang. As a result, the Tibetan army captured, without encountering much resistance,
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by Liu Xiang in 1935, when Liu Xiang sided with smaller warlords against Liu. A family-brokered peace was arranged, and Liu was given control of the neighbouring Xikang province.
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In 1936 Liu Wenhui's ties with Chiang soured even further due to his independent policy, but Chiang was not powerful enough to do anything meaningful against him at the time.
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was in process, Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly ordered Liu to bring his troops against the
Communists, but Liu made excuses, while secretly allowing safe passage for the
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in a non-aggression pact. Thus, the engagements around Xiakou
Village in 1934 did not involve Liu's 24th Route Army, but the 21st army of
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Wang
Chengbin (editor-in-chief) "Republic of China Senior Generals (3)", pp. 35-39, Beijing: People's Liberation Army Press, 1998
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334:(KMT), commanding the Sichuan-Xikang Defence Force from 1927 to 1929. The western part of Sichuan province was then known as
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695:. Vol. 67 of Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia (illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 52.
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province. In March 1932 their force invaded
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was unstable, as was the province he governed. Sichuan was in the hands of Liu and four other warlords:
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Military and
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Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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Liu was then made
Governor of Sichuan in 1929, but his relationship with
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On June 24, 1976, Liu Wenhui died in Beijing. He was 81 years old.
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and served as a staff officer under warlord Liu Cunhou of the
282:
361:, serving as Minister of Forestry (1959â1967), member of the
645:. 2nd Edition, pp. 134â136. Shambhala Publications, Boston.
529:
Liu switched sides from his half-hearted alignment with the
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and was appointed as the commander of the 24th Army of the
330:). At the beginning of his career, he was aligned with the
692:
Modern China's ethnic frontiers: a journey to the west
728:"The Generals of WWII Generals from China Liu Wenhui"
438:
In May 1930 his province was invaded by the army of
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People's Republic of China politicians from Sichuan
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767:Landscape and Power in a Sichuan Mountain Village
570:Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
495:During the fight with Communist forces while the
396:After graduating in 1916, Liu Wenhui returned to
371:Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
318:; 1895 â 24 June 1976) was a Chinese general and
668:. Millard Publishing Co., inc. 1934. p. 12
612:. Foreign Languages Press. pp. 352, 355.
792:
507:garrisoned just across the Sichuan border in
369:, and member of the Central Committee of the
357:, and went on to hold high office in the new
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762:The Tibetan Army's Second Eastward Invasion
92:29 December 1934 â 9 December 1949
1236:Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong
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61:March 1929 â 21 December 1934
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377:Military career and Republic of China
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477:River and even threatened to attack
920:Constitutional Protection Movement
609:The biographies of the Dalai Lamas
404:. In November 1926, he joined the
14:
606:Hanzhang Ya, Ya Hanzhang (1991).
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1208:Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum
1068:Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising
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381:Liu Wenhui was born in 1895 in
488:. Finally Liu was ousted from
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1:
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886:Empire of China (Yuan Shikai)
726:Steen Ammentorp (2000â2009).
517:From 1939 on, as Governor of
970:Occupation of Outer Mongolia
522:improve Xikangâs situation.
1285:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
1020:Washington Naval Conference
568:Politically, he joined the
563:Central Military Commission
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1347:National Pacification Army
1212:Northeast Flag Replacement
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815:and warlordism during the
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391:Baoding Military Academy
257:Second Sino-Japanese War
182:Baoding Military Academy
1108:CantonâHong Kong strike
890:National Protection War
1094:May Thirtieth Movement
950:Paris Peace Conference
393:, graduating in 1916.
990:GuangdongâGuangxi War
940:Siberian intervention
643:Tibet and its History
389:, and studied at the
223:Years of service
1496:Governors of Sichuan
1245:Sino-Soviet conflict
900:Death of Yuan Shikai
557:and a member of the
469:In 1932, during the
1204:Huanggutun incident
1134:NanjingâWuhan Split
1129:Northern Expedition
959:May Fourth Movement
772:Generals from China
757:A Vanished Province
302:traditional Chinese
1456:History of Sichuan
1256:Central Plains War
1090:YunnanâGuangxi War
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866:Second Revolution
702:978-0-415-58264-3
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205:Republic of China
143:(aged 80â81)
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731:. Retrieved
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433:Tian Songyao
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402:Sichuan Army
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338:. Bordering
313:
289:
288:
281:
274:Chinese name
249:Battles/wars
141:(1976-06-24)
139:24 June 1976
98:Succeeded by
87:
78:Governor of
67:Succeeded by
56:
47:Governor of
1466:1976 deaths
1461:1895 births
1410:Kuomintang
1395:New Guangxi
1390:Old Guangxi
1305:Two-Liu war
1295:HanâLiu War
813:Warlord Era
752:Liu_Wen-hui
383:Dayi County
278:family name
160:Han Chinese
156:Nationality
130:Qing Empire
122:Dayi County
1450:Categories
1353:Zhili Army
733:31 October
708:2011-12-27
672:2011-06-13
641:. (1984).
625:2010-06-28
579:References
535:Mao Zedong
531:Kuomintang
505:GMD troops
497:Long March
429:Deng Xihou
406:Kuomintang
355:Mao Zedong
332:Kuomintang
326:province (
315:LiĂș WĂ©nhuÄ«
290:Liu Wenhui
193:Allegiance
177:Alma mater
170:Kuomintang
37:Liu Wenhui
23:Liu Wenhui
1400:Guangdong
1365:Guominjun
1277:1931â1935
1263:1930â1932
1218:1928â1929
1186:1927â1930
1124:1926â1928
1100:1925â1926
1036:1923â1927
1016:1921â1922
996:1920â1926
986:1920â1921
966:1919â1921
936:1918â1920
926:1917â1929
916:1917â1922
882:1915â1916
852:1911â1914
837:1925â1934
834:1915â1924
486:Liu Xiang
460:Ma clique
421:Liu Xiang
346:Chinese.
226:1928â1954
88:In office
72:Liu Xiang
57:In office
1375:Xinjiang
1343:Fengtian
841:Factions
689:(2010).
509:Mingshan
425:Yang Sen
272:In this
241:Commands
1405:Guizhou
1385:Sichuan
1328:Beiyang
1238:(incl.
714:Hutuktu
490:Chengdu
475:Yangtze
456:Qinghai
452:Zhanhua
448:Xinlong
398:Sichuan
387:Sichuan
324:Sichuan
320:warlord
235:General
146:Beijing
126:Sichuan
49:Sichuan
1380:Yunnan
1360:Shanxi
699:
653:(pbk).
649:
616:
479:Chamdo
431:, and
336:Xikang
312::
310:pinyin
304::
296::
276:, the
214:
202:
80:Xikang
1420:(CCP)
1412:(KMT)
1338:Zhili
1333:Anhui
444:Garze
440:Tibet
340:Tibet
150:China
1311:1934
1301:1932
1291:1932
1251:1930
1228:1929
1196:1928
1176:1927
1166:1927
1156:1927
1146:1927
1114:1926
1086:1925
1058:1924
1048:1923
1026:1922
1006:1921
976:1920
946:1919
906:1917
896:1916
872:1915
862:1913
735:2010
697:ISBN
647:ISBN
614:ISBN
446:and
231:Rank
136:Died
119:1895
116:Born
353:of
344:Han
322:of
306:ćæèŒ
298:ćæèŸ
283:Liu
280:is
25:ćæèŸ
1452::
1370:Ma
1349:)
1283:/
1269:/
711:.
587:^
565:.
511:.
481:.
466:.
427:,
423:,
412:.
385:,
373:.
308:;
300:;
259:,
255:,
148:,
128:,
124:,
1345:(
1242:)
800:e
793:t
786:v
737:.
675:.
628:.
450:(
292:(
286:.
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