25:
313:
122:
259:(also called "peasant schools") in the estate districts and villages belonging to them. For instance, issues of education of the rural population in the Livonian Knights' Landtag repeatedly gave rise to debates the Conservatives and Reformers in the Livonian nobility, as well as in the Livonian provincial synod of the
226:
genders joined forces to defend and maintain their rights and possessions into knighthoods. These corporate organizations were already provided with sovereign rights in the 14th century and were officially recognized.
147:
260:
841:
Education as a political factor in the history of Latvia. The
Peasant School and Education Policy of the German Baltic Knights in the 19th Century
816:
Education as a political factor in the history of Latvia. The
Peasant School and Education Policy of the German Baltic Knights in the 19th Century
126:
928:
297:, founded the Association of the Livonian Stammadel in Rostock. These associations continued the tradition of knighthood. In 1949, the present
852:
827:
42:
274:, Estonia declared its independence from Russia on February 24, 1918, and Latvia on November 18, 1918, as republics. Attempts by the
108:
89:
61:
933:
903:
682:
676:
46:
293:
In 1920, the
Livonian Non-profit Association was founded in Riga, and the members of the Knights, who had emigrated to the
68:
333:
349:
230:
The privileges of the knighthood were each confirmed by changing sovereigns, so happened in 1561 by the King of Poland
923:
572:
320:
The coat of arms of the
Livonian knighthood was awarded by the Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1566 on the occasion of the
235:
698:
75:
918:
908:
655:
584:
913:
57:
710:
325:
764:
731:
770:
664:
35:
845:
The "Baltic
Frontier" revisited. Power structures and cross-cultural interactions in the Baltic Sea Region
820:
The "Baltic
Frontier" revisited. Power structures and cross-cultural interactions in the Baltic Sea Region
627:
790:
321:
219:
704:
304:
founded in which the
Livonian knighthood is integrated together with its three sister Nobel communities.
716:
337:
287:
670:
688:
880:
746:
301:
795:
283:
252:
231:
175:
879:. With an introduction by Friedrich Bienemann. In: Baltische Monatsschrift 47, 1899, pp. 145-212;
267:
203:
82:
251:
Through the agricultural legislation of the years 1816 to 1819, the landowning nobility of the
885:
The
Landmarschälle and Landrats of the Livlander and the Öselschen Ritterschaft in portraits.
848:
823:
256:
159:
329:
167:
785:
245:
151:
286:
failed in
November 1918 finally. The Livonian Knighthood was subsequently dissolved as
239:
207:
191:
897:
279:
275:
294:
271:
24:
864:
312:
348:
From 1695 to 1710 there were "Landtag directors" and from 1783 to 1797 "
195:
183:
179:
332:. It is the coat of arms of the Livonian administrator and commander
223:
199:
187:
134:
311:
121:
120:
559:
1720-1723: Woldemar Johann von Ungern-Sternberg (Dorpater circle)
206:, the Livonian also had semi-autonomous privileged status in the
242:
130:
282:
politically under German sovereignty with the creation of the
18:
556:
1715-1729: Berend
Dietrich von Bock (Dorpater circle)
481:
1683-1690: Georg (Jürgen) Conrad von Ungern-Sternberg
724:
1842-1844: Ferdinand August Nikolaus von Hagemeister
651:
1798-1800: Christian Friedrich von Ungern-Sternberg
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
484:1690-1693: Johann Heinrich Streiff von Lauenstein
742:1857-1862: August Georg Friedrich von Oettingen
660:1803-1806: Carl Gustav von Samson-Himmelstjerna
727:1844-1848: Carl Reinhold Georg von Lilienfeld
8:
877:The Livonian Landmarshals from 1643 to 1899
757:1870-1872: Nikolai Conrad Peter of Oettingen
454:1650-1653: Gustav Adolf Clodt of Jürgensburg
865:Verband der Baltischen Ritterschaften e.V.
308:The coat of arms of the Livonian knighthood
843:. In: Imbi Sooman, Stefan Donecker (ed.):
818:. In: Imbi Sooman, Stefan Donecker (ed.):
760:1872-1884: Heinrich Anton Hermann von Bock
677:Friedrich Reinhold Schoultz of Ascheraden
623:1786-1792: Moritz Friedrich von Gersdorff
617:1777-1783: Franz Wilhelm von Rennenkampff
614:1775-1777: Caspar Heinrich von Rosenkampf
472:1673-1676: Otto Friedrich von Vietinghoff
238:, the king of Sweden, and in 1710 by the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
299:Association of Baltic Noble Corporations
255:were given the right and duty to set up
807:
565:1723-1727: Gotthard Wilhelm von Budberg
127:House of the Livonian Noble Corporation
620:1783-1786: Leonhard Johann von Budberg
589:1759-1765: Leonhard Johann von Budberg
509:1699-1700: Leonhard Gustav von Budberg
463:1664-1667: Gotthard Johann von Budberg
754:1869-1870: Gustav Fromhold of Nolcken
736:1851-1854: Gustav Fromhold of Nolcken
580:1742-1747: Heinrich Gustav von Patkul
562:1717-1721: Otto Christoph von Richter
487:1695, 1697: Gustav Ernst von Albedyll
478:1680-1683: Otto Reinhold von Albedyll
344:Land Marshals of the Livonian Knights
270:in Russia in 1917 and the turmoil of
7:
775:1918-1919: Heinrich Eduard von Stryk
751:1866-1869: Georg Carl von Lilienfeld
694:1824-1827: Georg Carl von Jarmersted
577:1737-1742: Johann Gustav von Budberg
568:1727-1730: Gotthard Wilhelm von Berg
550:1710-1712: Magnus Gustav von Mengden
410:: Johann Eberhard von Bellingshausen
47:adding citations to reliable sources
553:1712-1717: Magnus Johann von Plater
466:1667-1673: Jacob Stael von Holstein
611:1769-1775: Carl Gustav von Mengden
460:1660-1664: Gustav Carl von Wulffen
218:Within the individual territories
14:
721:1839-1842: Alexander of Oettingen
528:: Georg Reinhold von Tiesenhausen
475:1676-1680: Ernst Johann von Rosen
469:1669-1670: Johann von Buddenbrock
855:, pp. 107-120, here pp. 112-115.
830:, pp. 107-120, here pp. 110-111.
573:Caspar Friedrich von Buddenbrock
194:nobles and disbanded in 1917 in
23:
699:Friedrich Johann von Löwenwolde
648:: Otto Johann Magnus of Richter
34:needs additional citations for
739:1854-1856: Christian von Stein
451:1648-1650: Hermann von Gordian
1:
929:1561 establishments in Europe
656:Gustav Johann von Buddenbrock
585:Gustav Heinrich von Igelström
547:: Johann Albrecht von Mengden
457:1653-1660: Gustav von Mengden
334:Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz
683:Friedrich von Löwis of Menar
190:). It was formed in 1561 by
16:Noble corporation in Livonia
261:Evangelical Lutheran Church
950:
608:: Adolf Heinrich von Anrep
336:with the initials of King
711:Carl Gotthard von Liphart
156:Livländische Ritterschaft
765:Friedrich von Meyendorff
391:: Engelbrecht by Mengden
326:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
771:Adolf Pilar von Pilchau
732:Hamilcar von Fölkersahm
934:1917 disestablishments
904:Baltic-German nobility
881:Georg von Krusenstjern
791:Governorate of Livonia
665:Carl Johann von Numers
317:
171:
163:
155:
138:
628:Friedrich von Sievers
429:: Henry of Cronstians
338:Sigismund II Augustus
315:
288:statutory corporation
172:Livonijas bruņniecība
124:
58:"Livonian Knighthood"
43:improve this article
875:C. von Rautenfeld:
796:Estonian Knighthood
705:Friedrich von Grote
448:: Ernst von Mengden
350:Marshal of Nobility
284:United Baltic Duchy
266:In the wake of the
253:Baltic governorates
232:Sigismund II August
164:Liivimaa rüütelkond
143:Livonian Knighthood
924:History of Livonia
717:Eduard von Richter
506:: Ernst von Plater
372:: Otto von Mengden
318:
268:October Revolution
257:elementary schools
204:Baltic knighthoods
139:
133:, now used by the
919:Livonian nobility
909:Estonian nobility
853:978-3-9501575-1-2
828:978-3-9501575-1-2
671:Andreas von Below
316:The Coat of arms.
198:, and in 1920 in
119:
118:
111:
93:
941:
914:Latvian nobility
888:
873:
867:
862:
856:
837:
831:
812:
689:Otto von Richter
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
330:Duchy of Livonia
178:that existed in
150:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
949:
948:
944:
943:
942:
940:
939:
938:
894:
893:
892:
891:
874:
870:
863:
859:
847:. Vienna 2009,
838:
834:
822:. Vienna 2009,
813:
809:
804:
786:Baltic nobility
782:
747:Paul von Lieven
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
346:
310:
236:Gustav II Adolf
216:
146:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
947:
945:
937:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
896:
895:
890:
889:
868:
857:
839:Vija Daukšte:
832:
814:Vija Daukšte:
806:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
793:
788:
781:
778:
777:
776:
773:
767:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
743:
740:
737:
734:
728:
725:
722:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
692:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
658:
652:
649:
630:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
590:
587:
581:
578:
575:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
529:
510:
507:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
430:
411:
392:
373:
345:
342:
309:
306:
215:
212:
208:Russian Empire
182:(now Southern
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
946:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
887:Hamburg 1963.
886:
882:
878:
872:
869:
866:
861:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
836:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
811:
808:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
766:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
748:
744:
741:
738:
735:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
718:
714:
712:
708:
706:
702:
700:
696:
693:
690:
686:
684:
680:
678:
674:
672:
668:
666:
662:
659:
657:
653:
650:
631:
629:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
591:
588:
586:
582:
579:
576:
574:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
530:
511:
508:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
431:
412:
393:
374:
355:
354:
353:
351:
343:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
314:
307:
305:
303:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
278:to bring the
277:
276:German Empire
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
244:
241:
237:
233:
228:
225:
221:
213:
211:
209:
205:
202:. Like other
201:
197:
193:
192:Baltic German
189:
186:and Northern
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
136:
132:
128:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
884:
876:
871:
860:
844:
840:
835:
819:
815:
810:
347:
324:between the
319:
298:
295:German Reich
292:
265:
250:
229:
217:
142:
140:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
769:1906-1918:
763:1884-1908:
745:1862-1866:
730:1848-1851:
715:1836-1838:
709:1833-1836:
703:1830-1833:
697:1827-1830:
687:1822-1824:
681:1818-1822:
675:1812-1818:
669:1809-1812:
663:1808-1809:
654:1800-1803:
626:1792-1797:
583:1747-1759:
571:1730-1737:
272:World War I
220:Old Livland
898:Categories
802:References
322:real union
234:, 1629 by
69:newspapers
148:‹See Tfd›
99:July 2019
780:See also
328:and the
174:) was a
160:Estonian
691:(vicar)
246:Peter I
240:Russian
214:History
196:Estonia
184:Estonia
180:Livonia
176:fiefdom
168:Latvian
83:scholar
851:
826:
280:Baltic
224:vassal
200:Latvia
188:Latvia
152:German
135:Saeima
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
632:1797
592:1765
531:1710
512:1710
490:1697
432:1646
413:1646
394:1645
375:1643
356:1643
90:JSTOR
76:books
849:ISBN
824:ISBN
302:e.V.
243:Tsar
222:the
141:The
131:Riga
125:The
62:news
352:".
129:in
45:by
900::
883::
340:.
290:.
263:.
248:.
210:.
170::
166:,
162::
158:,
154::
646:0
643:0
640:0
637:0
634:0
606:0
603:0
600:0
597:0
594:0
545:0
542:0
539:0
536:0
533:0
526:0
523:0
520:0
517:0
514:0
504:0
501:0
498:0
495:0
492:0
446:0
443:0
440:0
437:0
434:0
427:0
424:0
421:0
418:0
415:0
408:0
405:0
402:0
399:0
396:0
389:0
386:0
383:0
380:0
377:0
370:0
367:0
364:0
361:0
358:0
145:(
137:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
