237:) dug under no man's land for that purpose. The weapon consisted of several tanks containing the fuel, a 14-inch (360 mm) diameter pipe and a nozzle on the surface. The nozzle, along with the rest of the machine, was hidden underground until needed, stored in a chamber at the end of the sap. A Livens Large Gallery Flame Projector was usually operated by a crew of eight. For the attack, the nozzle would be pushed upwards through the earth by a pneumatic cylinder. Compressed gas would then drive a piston forward in the main body of the device, forcing fuel out of the underground tanks into the surface nozzle, to be ignited and directed at the target. The maximum range of the weapon was 300 ft (90 m). It could be fired for only three ten-second bursts.
31:
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211:
and Kasino Point – were damaged by German shellfire before the attack. The two remaining were put to use from saps immediately left of the mine crater field at Carnoy. Their use may have helped the
British in those sectors of the front as British losses there were comparatively low. According to one
215:
The weapon was used in
Belgium in 1917, but was found too cumbersome to use, requiring bringing to the front line and assembly by 300 men, dangerously loading it with flammable fuel, and then being able to fire only three bursts before emptying. It was also vulnerable to being damaged or buried by
199:. Small charges could be blown from the end of these tunnels and they could then be used to reinforce the captured positions. Four saps were equipped with Livens Large Gallery Flame Projectors, ready to cover the German front line with
232:
A Livens Large
Gallery Flame Projector was 56 feet (17 m) long, weighed 2.5 long tons (2.5 t), and took a carrying party of 300 men to bring it to the front line and to assemble it underground in a shallow tunnel
490:
203:. In order to protect them from enemy fire, the flame throwers were hauled into the saps just hours before the battle. Two tunnels which housed such weapons – located at Kiel Trench south-west of
464:
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661:
525:
Note: the cited appendix bonus feature presents both graphics of the large gallery flame projector, and footage of the reenactment showing the projector in use.
570:
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the remains of one of the Livens Large
Gallery Flame Projectors. This project was undertaken for Special episode 42 of the archaeological television programme
1101:
326:
491:"The Time Team Special dig at Mametz – the evolution and structure of the project behind the search for the Livens Large Gallery Flame Projector"
345:
Unleashed at the start of the Battle of the Somme, it produced a terrifying effect the like of which had never before been seen on a battlefield.
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465:""Breathing Fire" – Le Dragon de la Somme. Upcoming exhibition at the Historial, Peronne from 16 June – 11 December 2011"
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The Livens flame projector was the inspiration for the cinematographic representation for the fire-breathing of the
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first broadcast on 14 April 2011. A full size, working model of the weapon was constructed with support from the
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report fifty German soldiers immediately surrendered after use of the Livens Flame
Projector.
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The Hobbit: The
Desolation of Smaug (Extended Edition) (plus bonus features!);
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principal antagonist character, a "fire breathing drake " from the north, in
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187:, Belgium. As part of the British preparations for the Battle of the Somme,
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Somme 1916: Success and
Failure on the first day of the Battle of the Somme
179:
Four Livens Large
Gallery Flame Projectors were deployed in 1916 in the
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and Iain Banks from the Centre for
Battlefield Archaeology at the
223:
172:
British objectives for 1 July 1916 with front sector allocated to
167:
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Flame jet shot from a Livens Large
Gallery Flame Projector
303:(the second part of his film trilogy based on the book).
327:"Secret terror weapon of the Somme battle 'discovered'"
382:
380:
156:, named after their inventor, Royal Engineers officer
571:
Black and white image of a test firing of the weapon.
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434:"Breathing Fire – Le dragon de la Somme (videos)"
662:1.59-inch breech-loading Vickers Q.F. gun, Mk II
195:for the attack in the front sector allocated to
594:
523:. Warner Brothers. Event occurs at 1:04:28.
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397:
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8:
541:Richter, Donald (1994). "11: Livens and the
601:
587:
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257:were successful in May 2010 in finding at
18:
1107:World War I weapons of the United Kingdom
363:. Pen & Sword Military. p. 130.
191:from February 1916 onwards dug dozens of
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249:and Jeremy Banning with archaeologists
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318:
316:
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183:and one in 1917 in an offensive near
146:Livens Large Gallery Flame Projectors
23:Livens Large Gallery Flame Projector
7:
945:Livens Large Gallery Flame Projector
1102:Flamethrowers of the United Kingdom
463:Jeremy Banning (21 February 2011).
300:The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
216:shellfire. Its use was abandoned.
14:
404:Paul Kendall (30 November 2015).
549:. Leo Cooper. pp. 148–158.
521:"Into the Dragon's Lair" segment
29:
1041:BL 9.2-inch Mk IX – X naval gun
799:BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII
1031:QF 4-inch naval gun Mk I – III
325:Copping, Jasper (9 May 2010).
112:
1:
878:QF 3.7-inch mountain howitzer
438:Historial de le Grande Guerre
360:Underground Warfare 1914-1918
968:QF 2-pounder "pom-pom" Mk II
815:BL 7.5-inch Mk III naval gun
152:used by the British Army in
1074:BL 12-inch railway howitzer
794:BL 8-inch howitzer Mk I – V
440:(in French). Archived from
1123:
1036:BL 6-inch Mk VII naval gun
930:Smoke and chemical weapons
863:BL 10-pounder mountain gun
825:BL 9.2-inch Mk X naval gun
131:2.5 long tons (2.5 t)
873:QF 2.95-inch mountain gun
868:BL 2.75-inch mountain gun
858:RML 2.5-inch mountain gun
835:BL 12-inch Mk X naval gun
789:BL 6-inch 30 cwt howitzer
784:BL 6-inch 26 cwt howitzer
48:Place of origin
28:
906:Vickers 1.57-inch mortar
189:183rd Tunnelling Company
148:were large experimental
1064:BL 9.2-inch railway gun
515:Jackson, Peter (2013).
335:. Telegraph Media Group
271:to prove its efficacy.
1079:BL 14-inch railway gun
1069:BL 12-inch railway gun
921:9.45-inch Heavy Mortar
639:QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss
229:
176:
896:Garland trench mortar
357:Jones, Simon (2014).
255:University of Glasgow
227:
171:
158:William Howard Livens
98:William Howard Livens
1026:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt
978:QF 12-pounder 12 cwt
963:QF 1-pounder pom-pom
936:4-inch Stokes Mortar
916:Newton 6-inch mortar
911:2-inch medium mortar
901:3-inch Stokes mortar
820:BL 9.2-inch howitzer
779:BL 6-inch gun Mk XIX
774:BL 6-inch gun Mk VII
769:BLC 6-inch siege gun
759:BL 5.4-inch howitzer
730:QF 4.5-inch howitzer
725:BL 4-inch gun Mk VII
720:QF 4-inch gun Mk III
690:QF 12-pounder 18 cwt
634:QF 3-pounder Vickers
332:The Sunday Telegraph
993:QF 13-pounder 9 cwt
988:QF 13-pounder Mk IV
983:QF 13-pounder 6 cwt
840:BL 15-inch howitzer
830:BL 12-inch howitzer
685:QF 12-pounder 8 cwt
680:BL 12-pounder 6 cwt
495:jeremybanning.co.uk
469:Jeremybanning.co.uk
444:on 30 December 2012
412:. Frontline Books.
181:Battle of the Somme
139:56 feet (17 m)
955:Anti-aircraft guns
850:Mountain artillery
754:BL 5-inch howitzer
644:QF 6-pounder 6 cwt
293:, as presented by
230:
177:
89:Production history
1087:
1086:
1018:Coastal artillery
764:BL 60-pounder gun
547:Chemical Soldiers
489:Banning, Jeremy.
419:978-1-84832-906-5
143:
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998:QF 3-inch 20 cwt
940:Livens Projector
625:Armoured vehicle
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672:Field artillery
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617:First World War
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275:Popular culture
269:Royal Engineers
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83:First World War
61:In service
56:Service history
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705:BLC 15-pounder
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715:QF 18-pounder
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710:QF 15-pounder
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700:BL 15-pounder
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695:QF 13-pounder
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498:. Retrieved
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446:. Retrieved
442:the original
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337:. Retrieved
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251:Tony Pollard
247:Peter Barton
244:
231:
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193:Russian saps
178:
145:
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73:British Army
69:Used by
42:Flamethrower
16:Flamethrower
448:11 November
245:Historians
241:Archaeology
201:liquid fire
154:World War I
115: built
1096:Categories
1046:RML 9-inch
556:0850523885
387:Jones 2010
307:References
290:The Hobbit
287:'s story,
613:artillery
500:4 January
264:Time Team
185:Diksmuide
64:1916–1917
474:19 April
339:11 April
197:XV Corps
174:XV Corps
104:Produced
94:Designer
888:Mortars
615:of the
164:History
553:
416:
367:
259:Mametz
209:Carnoy
205:Mametz
136:Length
281:Smaug
627:guns
551:ISBN
502:2022
476:2017
450:2012
414:ISBN
406:"23"
365:ISBN
341:2011
128:Mass
79:Wars
38:Type
545:".
297:in
235:sap
113:No.
1098::
519:in
493:.
467:.
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408:.
394:^
379:^
343:.
329:.
315:^
160:.
602:e
595:t
588:v
559:.
504:.
478:.
452:.
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373:.
233:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
