217:
395:
751:
519:
244:
35:
496:
449:
411:
1881:
724:
432:
Liver dilution can also be combined with other genes that dilute a dog's coat. The D locus dilutes black pigment to a blue-grey color usually called Blue. It is a recessive trait like Liver. When a dog has both Liver and Blue dilution, it will appear to be a light, warm-gray color known as
Isabella.
487:(red) pigment. A recessive red Liver will still be born with a Liver nose and amber/yellow eyes. It is common for the nose of any recessive red dog to fade to pink as they grow older. Livers, like any dog, can also be covered with varying amounts of white which will hide the color of the fur.
476:(black) pigment colors a dog's nose, so a Liver dog will have a Liver colored nose. If the nose is black, the dog is not a liver. A pink nose has nothing to do with liver dilution, and will not help determine if a dog is liver or not. Liver will also dilute a dog's brown eyes to amber/yellow.
378:(black) pigment by the B locus. The gene that causes Liver is recessive, so a BB or Bb dog has normal black pigment. Only a bb dog is Liver. There are several different recessive b genes, but they all turn the coat brown. They are only distinguishable through
445:(black) pigment is further diluted in random patches. This usually creates a light reddish-gray dog with dark brown patches. This color is often called "Red Merle" even though that is misleading. A more correct name would be Liver Merle or Chocolate Merle.
1064:
Henner, J; PA Poncet; L Aebi; C Hagger; G Stranzinger; S Rieder (August 2002). "Horse breeding: genetic tests for the coat colors chestnut, bay and black. Results from a preliminary study in the Swiss
Freiberger horse breed".
1091:
The statistical analysis of 1369 offspring from five stallions indicate, that darker shades of basic color phenotypes (dark chestnut, dark bay) follow a recessive mode of inheritance in the
Franches-Montagnes horse
696:
may also be one factor in creating the darker color, though sooty coloration is generally not evenly distributed throughout the coat. Genetic testing can distinguish a chestnut from a black or a
382:. Liver may also be called different names such as Brown, Chocolate, or Red. Red is a very misleading term, and should be avoided when referring to the color liver because it can be confused for
483:(black) pigment in their fur. Since Liver is a dilution of black pigment, a recessive red Liver dog will appear to be a shade of Red, Yellow, or Cream depending on the intensity of the dog's
472:
may sometimes appear brown. Dogs with a blend of Black and Red/Yellow fur can also look like they have brown areas. An easy way to tell if a dog is Liver or not is to look at their nose.
657:
as a regular chestnut, but the shade is a dark brown rather than the reddish or rust color more typical of chestnut. A horse that appears to be a dark liver chestnut but has a
1822:
750:
518:
243:
34:
1183:
692:
that determine specific varieties of chestnut are not known, but the genetics that darken the coat may have a recessive mode of inheritance. The
1104:
Strassburg, Christian P. (2010). "Hyperbilirubinemia syndromes (Gilbert-Meulengracht, Crigler-Najjar, Dubin-Johnson, and Rotor syndrome)".
923:. It is unknown why the color of dogs and horses came to be known by the term "Liver", as these tones indicate an unhealthy liver.
420:. This dog is also not a liver, although it may be mistaken for it. It is a Black and Red/Yellow dog with the shaded sable pattern.
1815:
224:. Note the brown nose, and the yellow in the eyes. In Labradors this color is called "Chocolate," but it is the same as "Liver."
216:
1212:
1176:
707:
in horses analogous to those creating dilution shades in dogs do not create a liver color in horses. These include the
1808:
916:
2356:
2332:
2301:
2291:
2266:
654:
468:
There are many other dog colors that can look like brown, but are not Liver. A dog that is very dark red, like an
1793:
A typical sample is shown for each name; a range of color-variations is commonly associated with each color-name.
453:
688:
by the absence of black hairs, and obviously brown or reddish legs, muzzles, flanks and other "soft" areas. The
2351:
1169:
479:
It is also possible for a dog to be a Liver, and not appear brown. A dog that is recessive red cannot produce
2321:
1326:
973:
2240:
141:
2073:
2029:
1336:
861:
684:
The darkest liver chestnuts may be confused for black, but such horses are distinguished from other
629:
354:
148:
2126:
1933:
1642:
1484:
1464:
1415:
2230:
2003:
1869:
1232:
674:
221:
1140:
1839:
1831:
1499:
1390:
1380:
1121:
1082:
1039:
899:
brown, and the color represented in the adjacent box is the gross average of these shades. A
2225:
1923:
1563:
1405:
1375:
1306:
1113:
1074:
1028:
New York: 1930 McGraw-Hill Page 198; Color Sample of Liver: Page 37 Plate 7 Color Sample H9.
438:
437:. This color also has alternate names such as Liliac or Silver. When Liver is combined with
180:
1880:
2140:
1852:
1746:
1741:
1647:
1583:
1217:
1192:
1005:
995:
978:
961:
650:
379:
386:
pigment. This second pigment is what colors all the "true red" or yellow parts of a dog.
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2039:
2019:
1978:
1857:
1736:
1632:
1474:
1400:
1395:
1385:
1252:
990:
712:
915:
color may indicate alcohol poisoning, a black color can be seen in livers affected by
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2245:
2200:
2012:
1901:
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1721:
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1479:
1420:
1321:
1301:
1237:
1222:
704:
678:
670:
495:
2276:
2175:
2158:
2148:
2078:
2024:
1893:
1652:
1637:
1553:
1504:
1494:
1410:
1242:
920:
836:
806:
662:
604:
574:
484:
469:
461:
448:
417:
401:
394:
383:
329:
299:
120:
90:
2271:
2235:
2051:
1940:
1864:
1847:
1726:
1711:
1296:
1207:
1078:
798:
697:
658:
566:
291:
82:
1143:. Mercer School of Medicine Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education
410:
2220:
2105:
1998:
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1953:
1910:
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693:
578:
528:
434:
303:
253:
94:
44:
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2250:
2154:
832:
685:
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473:
442:
375:
325:
116:
1125:
1086:
2316:
2180:
2121:
1983:
1928:
1459:
930:
flow, which is why livers and other meat turn grayish brown when cooked.
908:
825:
711:, which produces a tan-colored or "blue"/gray solid colored coat and the
708:
689:
666:
593:
318:
109:
956:
This is the shade of dark liver that is the unofficial web color called
723:
665:
and tail, sometimes colloquially though incorrectly called a "chocolate
2286:
2210:
2205:
2116:
2085:
1672:
1548:
1489:
1331:
457:
404:. This dog is not a liver, but a recessive red with very dark pigment.
2090:
1988:
1800:
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1311:
1227:
900:
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272:
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63:
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1469:
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67:
55:
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333:
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268:
197:
124:
86:
59:
715:
which tends to lighten the coat more than the mane or tail.
681:
that acts in a manner similar to the liver dilution in dogs.
653:
horse. A dark liver chestnut has the same recessive base
1106:
Best
Practice & Research: Clinical Gastroenterology
204:. Said nomenclature may also refer to the color of the
374:
In dogs, the Liver color is caused by dilution of the
669:", could be genetically chestnut but could also be a
168:
At right is displayed the color traditionally called
2259:
2193:
2168:
2139:
2099:
2050:
2037:
2011:
1909:
1900:
1888:
1838:
860:
853:
823:
796:
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628:
621:
591:
564:
537:
527:
515:
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353:
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316:
289:
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189:may also refer to a group of certain types of dark
147:
137:
107:
80:
53:
43:
31:
21:
499:An example of a dark liver chestnut-colored horse.
649:In horses, liver chestnut is a chocolate-colored
1816:
1177:
8:
2056:
2047:
1915:
1906:
1823:
1809:
1801:
1184:
1170:
1162:
919:, and white or grayish tones may indicate
1017:
1054:no material was used, just referenced.
1052:Use of copyrighted material rationale:
734:
731:; human livers are much the same color
502:
227:
18:
926:These healthy tones usually indicate
887:This is the color of a healthy human
7:
456:. This dog is a liver. It is also a
1040:"B-Locus (Brown, Liver, Chocolate)"
1067:Schweizer Archiv fĂĽr Tierheilkunde
14:
426:Neither of these dogs is a Liver.
1879:
1139:Unknown, Various (Spring 2012).
949:At right is displayed the color
749:
517:
409:
393:
242:
33:
1155:this is an educational journal.
755: Color coordinates
523: Color coordinates
248: Color coordinates
39: Color coordinates
960:that is traditionally used in
727:An image of a healthy sheep's
1:
1079:10.1024/0036-7281.144.8.405
2373:
2333:Category:Horse coat colors
2302:Endothelin receptor type B
2267:Equine coat color genetics
911:or a similar condition, a
880:
175:The first recorded use of
2330:
2059:
1949:
1918:
1877:
1791:
1201:
1141:"Hepatic Pathology Index"
1118:10.1016/j.bpg.2010.07.007
870:
742:
638:
510:
454:German Wirehaired Pointer
363:
235:
157:
26:
491:Liver chestnut in horses
2322:Melanocortin 1 receptor
974:Liver-colored moray eel
874:: Normalized to (byte)
642:: Normalized to (byte)
506:Liver Chestnut (horses)
367:: Normalized to (byte)
161:: Normalized to (byte)
1042:. www.horsetesting.com
917:Dubin–Johnson syndrome
732:
500:
465:
225:
2260:Genetics and breeding
2101:Base color variations
2030:Lethal white syndrome
1026:A Dictionary of Color
726:
677:. Silver dapple is a
498:
451:
433:This is the color of
219:
153:Grayish reddish brown
979:Liver-colored horses
891:. It may range from
1153:Fair Use Rationale:
907:liver may indicate
862:ISCC–NBS descriptor
630:ISCC–NBS descriptor
355:ISCC–NBS descriptor
179:as a color name in
149:ISCC–NBS descriptor
2231:Primitive markings
1832:Equine coat colors
866:Deep reddish brown
733:
675:silver dapple gene
634:Dark grayish brown
501:
466:
226:
222:Labrador Retriever
2357:Horse coat colors
2339:
2338:
2189:
2188:
2135:
2134:
1975:
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1970:
1951:double dilution:
1920:single dilution:
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1038:Animal Genetics.
879:
878:
647:
646:
372:
371:
166:
165:
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2226:Point coloration
2169:Roaning patterns
2109:
2057:
2048:
1995:
1937:
1916:
1907:
1883:
1872:
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1840:Base coat colors
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1811:
1802:
1653:Satin sheen gold
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951:dark liver (web)
942:
934:Dark liver (web)
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792:
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754:
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673:manifesting the
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76:
71:
38:
37:
19:
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2352:Shades of brown
2342:
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2335:
2326:
2255:
2185:
2164:
2151:
2141:Leopard complex
2131:
2110:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2007:
1986:
1967:
1945:
1932:(also known as
1931:
1896:
1884:
1875:
1867:
1856:(also known as
1855:
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1829:
1799:
1794:
1787:
1421:Drab dark brown
1197:
1194:Shades of brown
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1146:
1144:
1138:
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1045:
1043:
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1032:
1024:Maerz and Paul
1023:
1019:
1014:
1006:Chestnut (coat)
996:Shades of brown
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962:web site design
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829:
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818:(12°, 71%, 42%)
817:
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586:(12°, 35%, 33%)
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380:genetic testing
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2170:
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2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:Splashed white
2060:
2054:
2052:Pinto patterns
2045:
2040:Horse markings
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Dominant white
2017:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1904:
1902:Dilution genes
1898:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1874:
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1850:
1844:
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1199:
1198:
1191:
1189:
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1174:
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1131:
1112:(5): 555–571.
1096:
1073:(8): 405–412.
1056:
1030:
1016:
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1013:
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993:
991:List of colors
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881:Main article:
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713:champagne gene
705:dilution genes
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2201:Bend-Or spots
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2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2004:Silver dapple
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
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1985:
1982:
1980:
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1965:
1962:
1960:
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1887:
1882:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1859:
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1843:
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1837:
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1826:
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1814:
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1807:
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1803:
1790:
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1471:
1468:
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1379:
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1369:
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1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:Caput mortuum
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
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1142:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
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1097:
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1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
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992:
989:
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984:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
967:
965:
963:
959:
954:
952:
946:
939:Liver (web) (
933:
931:
929:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
884:
873:
869:
865:
863:
859:
856:
852:
848:(27, 47, 20°)
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
822:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
791:(108, 46, 31)
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
764:
762:
758:
752:
746:
741:
738:Liver (organ)
736:
730:
725:
719:Liver (organ)
718:
716:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
679:dilution gene
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
641:
637:
633:
631:
627:
624:
620:
616:(28, 16, 26°)
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
557:
553:
549:
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471:
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419:
412:
403:
396:
387:
385:
381:
377:
366:
362:
358:
356:
352:
349:
345:
341:(28, 33, 41°)
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
315:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
257:
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245:
239:
234:
229:
223:
218:
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:
188:
184:
183:was in 1686.
182:
178:
173:
171:
160:
156:
152:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
132:(35, 19, 22°)
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
106:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
75:(103, 76, 71)
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
46:
42:
36:
30:
25:
20:
16:Type of color
2317:STX17 (Gray)
2277:Horse genome
2215:
2159:Knabstrupper
2152:
2149:Varnish roan
2043:and patterns
2025:Sabino-white
1990:
1989:Blue dun or
1742:Walnut brown
1558:
1505:Harvest gold
1495:Golden brown
1465:Earth yellow
1312:Burnt sienna
1152:
1145:. Retrieved
1134:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1090:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1044:. Retrieved
1033:
1025:
1020:
957:
955:
950:
948:
938:
925:
886:
871:
702:
683:
648:
639:
559:(84, 61, 55)
485:phaeomelanin
478:
470:Irish Setter
467:
431:
418:Rough Collie
402:Irish Setter
384:phaeomelanin
373:
364:
284:(93, 59, 26)
231:Liver (Dogs)
186:
185:
176:
174:
169:
167:
158:
2272:Color breed
2127:Tricoloured
2104:(primarily
1964:Smoky cream
1941:Smoky black
1648:Sandy brown
1416:Desert sand
1391:Cocoa Brown
1317:Burnt umber
1297:Brown sugar
1238:Black olive
765:#6C2E1F
761:Hex triplet
671:black horse
533:#543D37
529:Hex triplet
435:Weimaraners
258:#5D3B1A
254:Hex triplet
49:#674C47
45:Hex triplet
2346:Categories
2106:UK English
1987:(see also
1934:Isabelline
1870:Seal brown
1727:Titian Red
1658:Seal brown
1485:Field drab
1233:Black bean
1147:2013-01-21
1046:2014-05-05
1012:References
913:dark brown
694:sooty gene
686:phenotypes
359:Dark brown
2251:Tiger eye
2155:Appaloosa
2153:See also
1979:Champagne
1868:included
1584:Red-brown
1579:Raw umber
1500:Goldenrod
1381:Chocolate
1337:Chamoisee
968:In nature
901:yellowish
698:bay horse
690:genotypes
661:-colored
481:eumelanin
474:Eumelanin
443:eumelanin
376:eumelanin
2297:KIT gene
2282:Wildtype
2246:Mushroom
2181:Rabicano
2122:Skewbald
1954:Cremello
1929:Palomino
1924:Buckskin
1853:Chestnut
1737:Van Dyke
1564:Mahogany
1406:Cordovan
1376:Chestnut
1307:Burgundy
1126:20955959
1087:12224446
985:See also
945:#534B4F
909:jaundice
905:greenish
709:dun gene
667:palomino
655:genetics
651:chestnut
142:ISCC-NBS
2287:Melanin
2221:Pangaré
2211:Cropout
2206:Brindle
2117:Piebald
2086:Tobiano
1959:Perlino
1673:Sinopia
1589:Redwood
1549:Kobicha
1490:Fulvous
1332:Caramel
941:#534B4F
897:reddish
462:roaning
458:piebald
212:In dogs
181:English
2292:Agouti
2241:Flaxen
2091:Tovero
2079:Sabino
1991:Grullo
1858:Sorrel
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1668:Sienna
1633:Russet
1628:Rufous
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1569:Maroon
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1475:Fallow
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1411:Coyote
1401:Copper
1396:Coffee
1386:Citron
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1253:Bronze
1228:Bistre
1218:Beaver
1213:Almond
1208:Auburn
1124:
1092:breed.
1085:
921:cancer
854:Source
826:CIELCh
743:
703:Other
659:flaxen
622:Source
594:CIELCh
511:
441:, the
347:Source
319:CIELCh
236:
202:horses
138:Source
110:CIELCh
27:
2236:Sooty
2216:Liver
2194:Other
2074:Frame
2064:Overo
2013:White
1999:Pearl
1911:Cream
1848:Black
1752:Wheat
1747:Wenge
1732:Umber
1722:Tawny
1717:Taupe
1663:Sepia
1574:Ochre
1559:Liver
1544:Khaki
1322:Camel
1292:Brown
1223:Beige
1001:Liver
958:liver
928:blood
893:brown
889:liver
883:Liver
729:Liver
460:with
439:Merle
206:organ
194:color
191:brown
187:Liver
177:liver
170:liver
22:Liver
2312:PAX3
2307:MITF
2176:Roan
2157:and
1894:Gray
1889:Gray
1643:Sand
1638:Rust
1554:Lion
1480:Fawn
1470:Ecru
1302:Buff
1248:Bone
1243:Bole
1122:PMID
1083:PMID
772:sRGB
663:mane
540:sRGB
265:sRGB
200:and
198:dogs
56:sRGB
1984:Dun
1865:Bay
1712:Tan
1460:Dun
1114:doi
1075:doi
1071:144
903:or
895:to
799:HSV
567:HSV
400:An
292:HSV
196:in
83:HSV
2348::
1120:.
1110:24
1108:.
1089:.
1081:.
1069:.
964:.
953:.
839:,
835:,
828:uv
809:,
805:,
782:,
778:,
700:.
607:,
603:,
596:uv
577:,
573:,
550:,
546:,
452:A
416:A
332:,
328:,
321:uv
302:,
298:,
275:,
271:,
220:A
208:.
172:.
123:,
119:,
112:uv
93:,
89:,
66:,
62:,
2108:)
1994:)
1936:)
1860:)
1824:e
1817:t
1810:v
1185:e
1178:t
1171:v
1150:.
1128:.
1116::
1077::
1049:.
943:)
872:B
843:)
841:h
837:C
833:L
831:(
813:)
811:v
807:s
803:h
801:(
786:)
784:b
780:g
776:r
774:(
640:B
611:)
609:h
605:C
601:L
599:(
581:)
579:v
575:s
571:h
569:(
554:)
552:b
548:g
544:r
542:(
464:.
365:B
336:)
334:h
330:C
326:L
324:(
306:)
304:v
300:s
296:h
294:(
279:)
277:b
273:g
269:r
267:(
159:B
127:)
125:h
121:C
117:L
115:(
97:)
95:v
91:s
87:h
85:(
70:)
68:b
64:g
60:r
58:(
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