149:
1748:
446:
410:
1736:
38:
1724:
635:
With many forms of domestic and international money (with different weights, purities and quality) circulating throughout Europe in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, the use of an
767:, etc.) did not have any indication of their value, their official value was determined by royal edicts. In cases of financial need, French kings could use the official value for
1778:
686:
accounting unit in all contracts in France was legislated in 1549, but it had been one of the standard units of accounting in France since the 13th century. In 1577 the
803:
coins, responding to the often large influx of foreign coin and the appearance of inferior foreign coins of intentionally similar design. For more on these issues, see
615:(see "Standard Catalog of World Paper Money", Albert Pick). This was the last time the name was used officially, as later notes and coins were denominated simply in
771:. This could be done in two ways: (1) the amount of precious metal in a newly minted French coin could be reduced while nevertheless maintaining the old value in
777:
or (2) the official value of a domestic or foreign coin in circulation could be increased. By reversing these techniques, currencies could be reinforced.
1053:
1391:
990:
453:
Charles standing facing, holding sword, in Gothic arch flanked by lis; KAROLVS x DI x GR FRANCOR x REX ; there is an R at end of legend
463:
Ornate cross with trefoils at ends; lis and crowns in quarters; all within tressure; lis in angles. XPC* VINCIT x XRC REGNAT XRC* IMPERAT
1637:
121:
868:
487:
148:
55:
1046:
102:
59:
420:
Cross fleurée; lis in quarters; all within tressure; trefoils in angles; around + XP'C* VInCIT* XP'C* REGNAT* XP'C* INPERAT
74:
1714:
653:
and the currency system based on it became a standard monetary unit of accounting and continued to be used even when the
1541:
1696:
81:
1526:
1260:
924:
48:
1768:
1369:
1039:
316:
88:
1773:
1581:
1571:
982:
1374:
799:(which was harshly punished), they had the difficult problem of setting values for gold, silver, copper and
189:
70:
1406:
1106:
445:
724:
1561:
1312:
748:
708:
continued to be used for minor uses in and around Paris and was not officially abolished until 1667 by
409:
1616:
1566:
1481:
1138:
795:
Royal finance officers faced many difficulties. In addition to currency speculation, forgery and the
768:
639:
became a financial necessity. In the world of international banking of the 13th century, it was the
1576:
1451:
1441:
1436:
890:
709:
640:
593:
589:
499:
491:
437:
324:
1752:
1591:
1531:
1511:
1486:
1471:
1131:
1014:
660:
597:
1031:
1466:
1446:
1332:
1275:
1158:
986:
425:
401:
1551:
1456:
1416:
1327:
1317:
1240:
1064:
1006:
808:
531:
300:
95:
696:, which was at that time the major French gold coin in actual circulation, but in 1602 the
417:
John, armored, on horseback left, holding sword. Around IOHANNES DEI GRATIA – FRANCORV REX
1536:
1496:
1250:
1194:
1111:
804:
503:
320:
282:
176:
928:
468:
1691:
1653:
1611:
1556:
1516:
1476:
1461:
1431:
1421:
1386:
1349:
1285:
1270:
1245:
1143:
1116:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
900:
800:
550:
221:
1762:
1728:
1621:
1606:
1359:
1344:
1339:
1322:
1300:
1280:
1255:
1230:
1174:
920:
895:
796:
784:
the worth of an écu d'or, a French gold coin, was changed from 60 to 57 sols in 1573.
756:
728:
716:
562:
525:
483:
371:
1740:
1685:
1647:
1601:
1586:
1491:
1426:
1401:
1396:
1364:
1295:
1290:
1265:
1204:
1199:
1184:
1153:
1148:
1121:
885:
880:
788:
764:
744:
720:
577:
544:
387:
135:
715:
Since coins in Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period (the French
1596:
1546:
1521:
1506:
1411:
1354:
1235:
1220:
1189:
456:
262:
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.
37:
609:
The first French paper money, issued between 1701 and 1720, was denominated in
1674:
1501:
1381:
1126:
702:
accounting unit was brought back. (A monetary unit of accounting based on the
382:
was redefined as 0.31 grams of pure gold, and in 1726, in a devaluation under
217:
17:
930:
Encyclopédie ou
Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers
530:(Paris pound) which had been up to that point the official currency of the
736:
692:
accounting unit was officially abolished and accountants switched to the
507:
495:
386:, as 4.50516 grams of fine silver. It was the basis of the revolutionary
383:
347:
1225:
1179:
839:
740:
368:
was decreed a unit of account, and in 1667 it officially replaced the
1657:
979:
The
International Economy and Monetary Movements in France, 1493-1725
760:
668:
1701:
791:, its official worth was decreased to 4 sols 2 deniers in the 1570s.
693:
1680:
752:
732:
664:
644:
297:
1070:
343:
1035:
946:
Historical Essays in
Connexion with the Land, the Church &c
944:
Robertson, E. William (1872). "Currency of the Early Franks".
31:
486:(the "Tours penny"). These deniers were first minted by the
390:
of 1795, defined as 4.5 grams of fine silver exactly.
1712:
663:
treaty of 1803 specified the relative ratios of the
659:
ceased to exist as an actual coin. For example, the
1667:
1630:
1213:
1167:
1079:
837:
826:
821:
600:. The use of the name "franc" became a synonym for
323:(i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in
252:
247:
228:
202:
195:
188:
175:
167:
162:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
961:The new Oxford companion to literature in French
797:intentional shaving of precious metal from coins
362:minted in large numbers from 1360. In 1549, the
561:after 1715), each of which was divided into 12
1047:
8:
862:
828:
772:
703:
697:
687:
681:
672:
654:
648:
622:
616:
610:
601:
575:
569:
556:
548:
538:
523:
517:
511:
477:
377:
369:
363:
357:
351:
337:
331:
271:
155:La Banque Royale: 100 livres Tournois (1720)
153:
141:
583:
287:
1054:
1040:
1032:
1392:Japanese government-issued Oceanian pound
972:
970:
330:The 1262 monetary reform established the
315:) was one of numerous currencies used in
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
510:in 1203 and standardized the use of the
134:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1719:
959:France, Peter, ed. (1995). "Currency".
912:
627:having finally been abolished in 1667.
568:Between 1360 and 1641, coins worth one
818:
582:(the name coming from the inscription
140:
1779:Economic history of the Ancien Régime
647:that were often used. In France, the
281:
7:
588:, ). Other francs were minted under
60:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
867:was added to Unicode 5.2, in the
585:Johannes Dei Gratia Francorum Rex
543:was, in common with the original
1746:
1734:
1722:
444:
408:
147:
36:
927:, eds. (1772). "Abréviations".
47:needs additional citations for
787:to curb increasing use of the
1:
1631:Historical antecedents (mass)
1542:Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound
871:block at code point U+20B6.
1697:Carolingian monetary system
881:French franc § History
1795:
1527:Prince Edward Island pound
1261:British West African pound
1168:Local alternative currency
977:Spooner, Frank C. (1972).
963:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
759:; the German and Austrian
133:
1370:Italian East African lira
467:
443:
436:
424:
407:
400:
260:
146:
1582:South West African pound
1572:Southern Rhodesian pound
983:Harvard University Press
948:. Edmonston and Douglas.
925:d'Alembert, Jean le Rond
680:The official use of the
27:Medieval French currency
1375:Italian Somaliland lira
522:began to supersede the
502:seized the counties of
356:was a gold coin of one
1407:Lombardo-Venetian lira
1107:Falkland Islands pound
1007:"Character Properties"
863:
829:
773:
704:
698:
688:
682:
673:
655:
649:
623:
617:
611:
602:
584:
576:
574:were minted, known as
570:
557:
549:
539:
524:
518:
512:
478:
378:
370:
364:
358:
352:
338:
332:
272:
154:
1562:Solomon Islands pound
1313:French colonial livre
1062:Currency units named
488:abbey of Saint Martin
279:French pronunciation:
1617:Western Samoan pound
1567:South Carolina pound
1482:North Carolina pound
1139:South Sudanese pound
769:currency devaluation
545:livre of Charlemagne
394:Circulating currency
283:[livʁtuʁnwa]
56:improve this article
1452:New Hampshire pound
1442:New Brunswick pound
1437:Massachusetts pound
891:Luxembourgish livre
854:LIVRE TOURNOIS SIGN
637:accounting currency
631:Accounting currency
500:Philip II of France
438:Charles V of France
325:early modern France
143:
1592:Tripolitanian lira
1577:South African pond
1532:Rhode Island pound
1512:Pennsylvania pound
1487:Nova Scotian pound
1472:Newfoundland pound
1132:Saint Helena pound
1015:Unicode Consortium
661:Louisiana Purchase
547:, divided into 20
1710:
1709:
1467:New Zealand pound
1447:New Guinean pound
1333:Saint Lucia livre
1276:Connecticut pound
1159:Ukrainian hryvnia
992:978-0-674-45840-6
859:
858:
474:
473:
432:
431:
402:John II of France
267:
266:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
1786:
1769:Pound (currency)
1751:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1552:Sammarinese lira
1457:New Jersey pound
1417:Luxembourg livre
1328:New France livre
1318:Guadeloupe livre
1241:Australian pound
1056:
1049:
1042:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1011:util.unicode.org
1003:
997:
996:
974:
965:
964:
956:
950:
949:
941:
935:
934:
917:
869:Currency Symbols
866:
861:A glyph for the
855:
852:
849:
847:
832:
819:
776:
707:
701:
691:
685:
676:
658:
652:
626:
620:
614:
605:
587:
581:
573:
560:
554:
542:
532:Capetian dynasty
529:
521:
515:
481:
448:
434:
433:
412:
398:
397:
381:
376:. In 1720, the
375:
367:
361:
355:
341:
335:
307:; abbreviation:
306:
303:
295:
292:
289:
285:
280:
275:
240:
239:
238:
234:
214:
213:
212:
208:
183:
157:
151:
144:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
71:"Livre tournois"
64:
40:
32:
21:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1774:Coins of France
1759:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1663:
1648:Moneyer's pound
1626:
1537:Rhodesian pound
1497:Palestine pound
1266:Byzantine litra
1251:Bermudian pound
1209:
1195:Liverpool pound
1163:
1112:Gibraltar pound
1075:
1060:
1030:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1005:
1004:
1000:
993:
976:
975:
968:
958:
957:
953:
943:
942:
938:
919:
918:
914:
909:
877:
853:
850:
845:
844:
833:
817:
805:Monetary policy
725:teston d'argent
633:
606:in accounting.
476:In France, the
396:
321:unit of account
317:medieval France
304:
296:
293:
290:
278:
236:
232:
231:
229:
220:
210:
206:
205:
203:
181:
158:
139:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1743:
1731:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1692:Roman currency
1689:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1645:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1612:Virginia pound
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1557:Sardinian lira
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1517:Peruvian libra
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1477:Nigerian pound
1474:
1469:
1464:
1462:New York pound
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1432:Maryland pound
1429:
1424:
1422:Malawian pound
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1387:Jamaican pound
1384:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1350:Ghanaian pound
1347:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1306:Livre tournois
1303:
1293:
1288:
1286:Delaware pound
1283:
1278:
1273:
1271:Canadian pound
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1246:Bahamian pound
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:Aeginetan mina
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1144:Sudanese pound
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:Guernsey pound
1114:
1109:
1104:
1102:Alderney pound
1097:Pound sterling
1094:
1092:Lebanese pound
1089:
1087:Egyptian pound
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1027:
998:
991:
966:
951:
936:
921:Diderot, Denis
911:
910:
908:
905:
904:
903:
901:Roman currency
898:
893:
888:
883:
876:
873:
864:livre tournois
857:
856:
842:
835:
834:
830:livre tournois
827:
824:
823:
816:
815:Unicode symbol
813:
793:
792:
785:
780:For example:
774:livre tournois
747:; the Italian
735:; the Spanish
699:livre tournois
689:livre tournois
683:livre tournois
674:livre tournois
656:livre tournois
650:livre tournois
632:
629:
612:livre tournois
603:livre tournois
571:livre tournois
540:livre tournois
519:livre tournois
513:livre tournois
482:was worth 240
472:
471:
465:
464:
461:
450:
449:
441:
440:
430:
429:
426:Franc à cheval
422:
421:
418:
414:
413:
405:
404:
395:
392:
379:livre tournois
365:livre tournois
359:livre tournois
353:franc à cheval
333:livre tournois
273:livre tournois
265:
264:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
245:
244:
241:
226:
225:
215:
200:
199:
197:
193:
192:
186:
185:
179:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
152:
142:Livre tournois
130:
129:
112:September 2024
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
18:Livre Tournois
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1791:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1720:
1716:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:See also
1666:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1622:Zambian pound
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:Venetian lira
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Maltese pound
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:Georgia pound
1343:
1341:
1340:Gambian pound
1338:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Haitian livre
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:Livre parisis
1299:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:Cypriot pound
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:Biafran pound
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:Angevin pound
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Brixton pound
1178:
1176:
1175:Bristol pound
1173:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
999:
994:
988:
984:
980:
973:
971:
967:
962:
955:
952:
947:
940:
937:
932:
931:
926:
922:
916:
913:
906:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
872:
870:
865:
843:
841:
836:
831:
825:
820:
814:
812:
810:
809:Gresham's law
806:
802:
798:
790:
786:
783:
782:
781:
778:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
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61:
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45:This article
43:
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1686:Pound (mass)
1641:
1602:Vatican lira
1587:Tongan pound
1492:Ottoman lira
1402:Libyan pound
1397:Jersey livre
1365:Italian lira
1360:Israeli lira
1305:
1296:French livre
1291:Fijian pound
1205:Totnes pound
1200:Stroud pound
1185:Exeter pound
1154:Turkish lira
1149:Syrian pound
1122:Jersey pound
1074:, or similar
1069:
1063:
1020:15 September
1018:. Retrieved
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945:
939:
933:(in French).
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886:Louis (coin)
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789:Spanish real
779:
765:Dutch gulden
714:
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636:
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608:
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469:Franc à pied
454:
388:French franc
329:
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248:Demographics
136:French livre
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1753:Numismatics
1638:Roman pound
1597:Tuscan lira
1547:Roman pound
1522:Pound Scots
1507:Parman lira
1412:Luccan lira
1190:Lewes pound
1080:Circulating
516:there, the
457:La Rochelle
348:fine silver
342:, or 80.88
1763:Categories
1675:Pound sign
1502:Papal lira
1382:Jaca pound
1355:Irish punt
1236:Attic mina
1127:Manx pound
907:References
896:Écu (coin)
731:, double,
224:until 1714
82:newspapers
1650:(England)
710:Louis XIV
594:Henry III
590:Charles V
490:, in the
875:See also
851:₶
838:In
737:doubloon
598:Henry IV
508:Touraine
496:Touraine
492:province
384:Louis XV
319:, and a
1715:Portals
1654:Grzywna
1226:AM-Lira
1214:Defunct
840:Unicode
741:pistole
563:deniers
484:deniers
428:, 1360
291:
253:User(s)
235:⁄
230:
209:⁄
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196:Subunit
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96:scholar
1729:France
1658:Grivna
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763:; the
761:thaler
757:sequin
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243:denier
177:Symbol
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1642:libra
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721:Louis
665:franc
645:ducat
504:Anjou
479:livre
344:grams
301:pound
298:Tours
171:livre
103:JSTOR
89:books
1071:lira
1022:2024
987:ISBN
807:and
745:real
671:and
643:and
596:and
558:sous
551:sols
537:The
506:and
288:lit.
269:The
218:sous
168:Unit
163:Unit
75:news
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717:écu
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494:of
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