Llandaff Cathedral - Knowledge (XXG)

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desolate and profane place than like a house of prayer and holy exercises". The church continued to exist in a poor state, so that by 1692 choral services had to be suspended in fear that the roof would collapse. The battlements of the northwestern tower blew away during a storm in 1703, and the southwest tower fell down in 1722. In 1734, John Wood of Bath was hired to restore the cathedral, but his work on the temple was still not complete by 1752 and remained that way. It was not until 1840, in the wake of industrial development in Cardiff, that the cathedral could raise the funds to commence a full restoration.

990: 46: 4711: 823: 1145: 1099: 59: 948: 978:, south aisle and chapter house. The top of the spire also had to be reconstructed and there was also some damage to the organ. The Sunday after the bombing, worship took place in the Deanery. Work soon began to clear the Lady Chapel and the Sanctuary and to repair the roof in these areas. This was not completed until April 1942. Further work was not possible until the end of the war, and the repaired areas served as a place of worship until 1957. Of British cathedrals, only 839:. Another sixteen years passed before the chapter solicited funds to repair the western half of the building. Wood's plans were to replace the western entrance of the cathedral with a tower and rustic porch. No changes were made to the western entrance until Wyatt and Prichard began their work in 1841, when the damage to the western portion of the structure was repaired and all traces of the Italian temple work by Wood had been removed from the cathedral. 1419: 511: 746: 676:, eight priests, four deacons and two sub-deacons. De Abergavenny also made changes to Llandaff's episcopal seal, giving more detail to the figure of the bishop depicted on it and adding the phrase "by the grace of God" to its inscription. The west front dates from 1220 and contains a statue of St Teilo. By 1266, the structure that Urban began had been altered; the cathedral was dedicated again in 1266. 66: 683:, bishop from 1266 to 1287. It was built at the rear of the church constructed by Urban and the old choir area was removed in order to build the chapel. From this time on, it seemed as if the cathedral was in a constant state of repair or alterations at a slow pace. After the Lady Chapel had been completed, the two bays of the north choir aisle were rebuilt. 835:, to prepare estimates and plans to restore the cathedral. In 1734 work began on a new cathedral, designed by Wood. Wood produced an Italian temple style edifice, working only on the eastern portion of the building, while leaving the remaining western half in ruins. What Wood was trying to build at Llandaff was not Italian, but a recreation of 1702:

An account of the cathedral by Browne Willis in 1719 describes this tower as looking ruinous. Willis went on to say that the tower once had coarse battlements at the top and four small pinacles at the corners; most of the battlements had fallen down. Willis described the Jasper tower as being in good

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constitutes most of the stonework dating from the post-Reformation period. The work done on the church since World War II is primarily of concrete and Pennant sandstone, and the roofs, of Welsh slate and lead, were added during the post-war rebuilding. In February 2007, the organ was damaged during a

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The south side of the nave is characterised by eight bays with stepped buttresses between them, with aisle windows featuring reticulated heads. At the side of the south aisle of the sanctuary is the Chapter House, a small, two-storey square building. It dates to the mid 13th century and is made from

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circles, was prebendary of Llandaff from 1718 to 1731. Between 1720 and 1723 a series of storms damaged the cathedral further, bringing down sections of the roof. The collapse of 1723 forced worship services to be confined to the Lady Chapel and closed the western entrance of the cathedral entirely.

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service on 3 April 2010. Proceeds from the 2011 Llandaff Festival of Music were donated to the cathedral for the completion of the new organ. The remaining stops were added in the late summer of 2013. It was the first entirely new organ for a British cathedral since the Coventry installation in the

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measuring 12 feet (3.7 m) long. Construction began of a grander building under the orders of the second Norman bishop of Llandaff, Urban, in the 1120s, to administer power over the newly formed diocese. It doesn't appear to have lasted long as an extensive construction was ordered between 1193

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The post-Italian temple restoration was begun in 1841 by T. H. Wyatt. Prichard redesigned the window for the Lady Chapel in 1843. By 1845, Prichard was in charge of the cathedral project; Wyatt remained as "honorary architect" until 1853, with his plans being set aside in favour of Prichard's. The

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The columns, pilasters and cornices of the Italian temple were removed and installed on the library at Bishop's Court. Two urns which stood on the roof were moved to the Bishop's garden. Regarding the retention of some of the Italian temple's fittings, Bishop Ollivant wrote "The columns, pilasters

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The 1719 Browne Willis account described the Bishop's Palace as being southeast of the cathedral and as a very stately building, judged from the gate house, which was still standing in its entirety in 1719. The site of the Bishop's Palace itself was a garden in 1719. There was also an Archdeaconal

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In December 2013, five days before Christmas, the cathedral chapter announced that all salaried adult members of the choir (altos, tenors and basses) were being made redundant, along with the assistant organist. The cathedral was in the midst of a financial crisis, and the chapter intended to save

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also make up the stonework, with the latter constituting most of the stonework dating from the post-Reformation period. The work done on the church since World War II is primarily of concrete and Pennant sandstone. The roofs, added in the post-war period, are made of Welsh slate and lead. The West

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relate this tradition to Llandaff, stating that Lucius "made the first Church at Llandaf, which was the first in the Isle of Britain." another triad lists "the three archbishoprics of the Isle of Britain" and states that "the first was Llandaf, of the gift of Lleirwg (Lucius), the son of Coel, the

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asking that he be made a Christian and that his subjects might also become Christians. Both ambassadors were baptised and ordained, with Elfan being made a bishop. Both men returned to Britain where they taught and converted many in the court of King Lucius. Elfan is said to have become the first

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lent their cathedral choir for this service, making it possible to hear choral music in Llandaff Cathedral for the first time since 1691. The restoration done up to this point was to remove all traces of the Italian temple and to repair damages caused by the attempt to transform the cathedral by

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having four columns with a suitable painting beneath it. The other was for a double wishbone arch topped by a hollow drum to house the division of the organ. The figure of "Christ in Glory" would be installed on the west face of the drum. This proposal was accepted by the Dean and the cathedral

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Though some remodelling work was done in the 13th and 14th centuries, with a northwest tower funded by Jasper Tudor, lord of Glamorgan from 1484 to 1495, by the late 16th century the church had fallen into a state of disrepair. In 1594 the bishop complained that the cathedral was "more like a

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services for Evensong on Mondays and Wednesdays, directed by the Master of Choristers of the Cathedral School. The Girl Choristers occasionally sing with the Cathedral Choir, and have sung at large services, including a National Service of Remembrance, on Remembrance Sunday in 2018.

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The choral service was initially suspended due to the death of the cathedral organist. Financial considerations likely prompted the Archdeacon and chapter to discontinue the paid choir. It was decided to pay the schoolmaster a small sum to provide music; he did so by playing his

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front of the cathedral is gabled along its length and contains the grand central doorway, higher in level than the floor of the nave. It is described as being "double lobed" with an "arched head with continuous chamfer outline, colonnettes and dripmould".

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and cornice, which now adorn the Library at the Bishop's Court, then of a dingy brown colour, will shew those who come after me what were the fittings of the ritual choir." As to the present day, one of the urns is now at the cathedral's prebendial house

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and 1218 during the episcopate of Henry of Abergavenny. The western parts replaced those that Urban had built, and the nave and front of this side remain today. The fine craftsmanship and subtlety of the architecture show a clear similarity to those of

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were among those who pledged donations sufficient to allow the restoration work to continue immediately. The cathedral was extensively restored, the tower rebuilt and a spire added. Much of the restoration work was completed by local architect

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During the 19th century the bishop began to reside in Llandaff for the first time in centuries; no bishops of the see resided in Llandaff for almost 300 years. In 1836 there was another unsuccessful attempt to transfer the see—this time to

3285:"Nazi Bombing Raid on City Remembered 75 Years on; 75 Years Ago, a Nazi Bombing Raid on Cardiff Left 165 People Dead, Many More Wounded and Badly Damaged Llandaff Cathedral. It Was the Worst Attack on Any UK Cathedral, Apart from Coventry" 1274:, located in the Jasper tower. The current bells were installed in 1992, replacing a previous ring of ten. Only one other church in Wales has a ring of twelve bells; the cathedral is the only church in Cardiff with a set of twelve bells. 1125:, extensive developments were made. Morris & Co. provided the stained glass in the 1860s. Prichard was responsible for a dramatic redevelopment of the southwest tower in 1867–1869, aided by a number of talented artists and craftsmen. 1113:, who worked the most extensively on the church in the 1840s and 1850s. Prichard had restored the sanctuary by 1850, and by 1852 he had begun to work on the nave, largely demolishing the temple Wood had built. Together with London-based 661:. After the death of Urban, it is believed the work was completed some time in the last years of Bishop Nicholas ap Gwrgant, who died in 1183. The cathedral was dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, Dubricius, Teilo and Oudoceus. 1136:

was hired to rebuild the roof, and made the decision to remove the altarpiece that Rossetti had added to the north aisle. In 1949, Nicholson was replaced with George Pace of York, who in coordination with the dean at the time,

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John Wood's plan to complete his work at Llandaff Cathedral. The eastern portion of the building, seen at right, is where Wood actually did work. The western portion, at left, is the porch and tower Wood proposed but never

771:. Among those invited to the castle to warm themselves by the fire on that cold winter day, were the wives of some sequestered clergymen. Also during this time of unrest, a man named Milles, who claimed to be a practising 1033:

chapter. They approached the War Damage Commission about whether funds initially meant for replacement of stained glass damaged in the bombing could be used for art in other media. This permission helped to finance the

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From 1691 until around 1860 there had been no choir at the cathedral. There was also no organ for some time. Browne Willis' 1719 account describes the ruins of an organ given to the cathedral by Lady Kemysh of

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repair in 1719, but said that the Great Storm of 1703 removed many of this tower's battlements at its top and also two of its corner pinacles. The strong south wind blew these stones into the church yard.

1613:. Urban described a structure which was about the size of a chapel, with the total length of the building being about 40 feet. He appealed to the Holy See for funds to construct a new cathedral in 1119. 4748: 551:

son of Cyllin, who first gave lands and civil privileges to such as first embraced the faith in Christ." Although the Lucius legend is now considered to be pseudo-history, it was recounted by

4823: 434:, the cathedral was severely damaged by a parachute mine that blew the roof off the nave, south aisle and chapter house. The stonework which remains from the medieval period is primarily 1649:

on the cathedral property; it was destroyed at the same time as the Bishop's Palace. Another account says the Bishop's Palace and the Archdeacon's Castle were both burned to the ground.

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When Urban became bishop, he found the present cathedral in a half ruined state. He also felt that the size of the existing cathedral was not large enough to house the remains of Saint

1626:. It was a small church consisting of a nave and chancel with possibly one polygonal tower. The nave of Urban's church eventually became the presbytery and his chancel the Lady Chapel. 874:

A meeting was held after the service and a detailed restoration plan was announced at the meeting along with a list for those wishing to donate to the work. The Prince of Wales (later

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Browne Willis' 1719 account of the structure described a long-ruined tower situated southwest of the cathedral, which held a large bell known as St Peter's bell. It was removed by

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The Cathedral Choir consists of boys and alto, tenor and bass parts, and sing on Sundays at the Choral Eucharist and at Choral Evensong. The full choir also sings on Thursdays for

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Bishop Ollivant wrote in 1860 that he could find no record of what monies, if any, were received by the chapter to continue Wood's work on the western portion of the cathedral.

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made it unusable. Originally it had been planned to install a new organ at that time, but the costs of about £1,000,000 were deemed to be too high in the austere climate of

1356:. It received significant renovations by its builders after wartime damage to the cathedral; it was never entirely satisfactory from this point onwards, even before a 2007 5169: 5189: 3284: 1947: 1371:

began installation of a new organ in autumn 2008 and although not fully completed, it was brought to a playable stage by Easter 2010. Its inaugural performance was the

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The Liber landavensis, Llyfr Teilo: or, The ancient register of the cathedral church of Llandaff; from mss. in the libraries of Hengwrt, and of Jesus college, Oxford

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Later a family named Mathews was granted the right of burial in the north aisle, provided the family would maintain the north aisle and provide any needed repairs.

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to notify his fellow clergymen in 1575 that he believed the cathedral to possibly be damaged beyond repair. Most of the other damage was repaired, most notably by

546:) to convert him to Christianity. The Pope's response was to send a Christian mission to Britain, which would include the building of Britain's first church. The 402:

The current building was constructed in the 12th century on the site of an earlier church. Severe damage was done to the church in 1400 during the rebellion of

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sculpture in the cathedral's nave that was part of the post-war renewal of the structure. Proceeds from sales of the record were donated to African charities.

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to have been no more than 28 feet (8.5 m) long, 15 feet (4.6 m) wide and 20 feet (6.1 m) high. It contained low, narrow aisles with an apsidal

1048:, which was already in poor condition. The instrument was not able to be used after the lightning damage. This prompted the 2007 launch of an appeal to raise 5179: 5174: 761:, the cathedral was overrun by Parliamentarian troops. Along with other destruction, the troops seized the books of the cathedral library, taking them to 4734: 939:

of some type has existed since the 9th century. Dean Vaughan reorganised the school in 1888. Since 1978 the cathedral school has accepted female pupils.

879: 847:. After the attempt at transferring the see, the office of Dean was restored to Llandaff; the position had not been filled in 700 years. The office of 1301:

In August 2018, a recording of the 2010–13 Nicholson Organ was released. The organ is played by the Director of Music, Stephen Moore, and is called

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is part of this family group. The privilege granted in 1594, was revoked in 1686, when the family failed to maintain the cathedral's north aisle.

4967: 1733:). He indicated this was all he was able to do for the see and that further funds would need to come from those in the diocese and their friends. 89: 1177:. Also of note is the St David's Chapel, added by George Pace in 1953–1956, which is accessed through the Norman north door of the cathedral. 5164: 4682: 4648: 4627: 4581: 4546: 4525: 4419: 4398: 4374: 1408: 578:. Fagan is sometimes named as "the first Bishop of Llandaff" while all three became patrons of churches and villages throughout the diocese. 5083: 5033: 4937: 4845: 3420: 802:

and by 1720, was in a state of collapse. The damage to the cathedral was so extensive that the church seriously considered removal of the

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The material of the church which remains from the medieval period is primarily Somerset Dundry stone, though Sutton stone and local blue

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of Llandaff in November 1843. The restoration of the Dean's office was the beginning of better times for the cathedral. The new Dean,

807: 5128: 4483: 4042: 3980: 3451: 3346: 3728: 3341: 629:. The continuation of a Post-Roman church is supported by the high number of ancient remains at the site (most notably an ancient 4608:

History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches of Great Britain: Bath. Landaff. Bristol. St David's. St Paul's. Rochester. Ely

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exploded near the south aisle of the cathedral, resulting in the roof of the nave collapsing and the shattering of the windows.

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Historical & Pictorial Glimpses of Llandaff Cathedral: The Cathedral of S.S. Peter, Paul, Dubritius, Teleiau and Oudoceus

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and Seneschal of Llandaff Cathedral, and one of the ten Great Barons of Glamorgan, a Marcher Lord. After saving the life of

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There is an account of this tower as unsafe at the end of the 15th century and being re-built, not built, by Jasper Tudor.

1294:. The music focuses on the new cathedral organ and the Llandaff Cathedral choir. The recording's title was taken from the 5063: 1559: 691: 447:

severe lightning strike, following which there was a successful appeal for £1.5 million for an entirely new organ.

5012: 3613: 1569: 1548: 1141:, saw a number of improvements in the modern style, though many fittings were clearly still influenced by the Gothic. 282: 45: 862:

Enough restoration had been completed to allow the cathedral to be reopened for worship on 16 April 1857. The see of

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and is now named after him. He assumed the lordship of Cardiff after the accession to the throne of his nephew, King

3791:"Deo Gracias – Stephen Moore plays The Nicholson Organ of Llandaff Cathedral | Britain's Premier Church Music Label" 3768: 2078: 2056: 3231: 1730: 1499: 1453: 1396:

Two chamber organs have been used in the Lady Chapel at the east end of the cathedral. The first, built in 1946 by

1165:. The octagonal roof was the brainchild of Prichard, though it was lowered in pitch by Pace and later worked on by 1021:

created the figure of Christ in Majesty which is raised above the nave on a concrete arch designed by George Pace.

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of boys and men, and more recently a girls' choir, with the only dedicated choir school in the Church in Wales,

414:. By 1717, the damage to the cathedral was so extensive that the church seriously considered the removal of the 4997: 4556: 3117: 2902: 1958: 1535: 928: 646: 586:, he credits Fagan as the second Bishop of Llandaff (succeeding Dyfan, a figure Iolo conflates with Deruvian). 494: 4515: 3095: 2880: 1185:

As of 28 January 2022, the Chapter — the governing body of the cathedral — consists of:

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The ecclesiastical antiquities of the Cymry: or, The ancient British church; its history, doctrine, and rites

1173:. The seven stained-glass roundels are of 16th-century Flemish origin. In the interior is a pulpit featuring 566:

Four names are associated with the task of executing the Pope's wishes; these include the early Welsh saints

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The Ecclesiastical Antiquities of the Cymry: or the Ancient British Church; Its History, Doctrine, and Rites

1681: 1523: 822: 4447: 2200: 1793:, was begun in 1860 and completed at a later date. It is described as one of the finest works of Rossetti. 871:

were removed from their original positions and reredos had been covered with plaster or hidden with walls.

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also linked these early figures to Llandaff, writing extensively on this supposed early foundation. In the

5138: 5068: 4894: 4886: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4560: 2201:"The Welsh cathedrals 1066–1300', in Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 9, the Welsh Cathedrals" 1646: 1505: 1401: 1397: 1372: 1353: 1118: 1109:

was hired to restore the Lady Chapel in 1841, but due to other commitments later left much of the work to

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A history and survey of the cathedral church of SS. Peter, Paul, Dubritius, Teilo, and Oudoceus, Llandaff

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The cathedral church of Llandaff: a description of the building and a short history of the see, Volume 20

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The Normans considered Dyfrig and Teilo as the cathedral's founders and they, along with their successor

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their first bishop in 1107. He began construction of the cathedral in 1120 and had the remains of Saint

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Some Account of the Condition of the Fabric of Llandaff Cathedral chiefly from 1575 to the present time

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The office of Dean had been vacant since 1120, when the Archdeacon also became known as the Vice-Dean.

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The cathedral held a memorial service to mark the 75th anniversary of the bombing on 3 January 2016.

1491: 1447: 1217: 856: 832: 726: 711: 665: 595: 560: 463: 419: 418:. Following further storms in the early 1720s, work was begun in 1734 on a new cathedral designed by 1400:, had two manuals and pedals. This was replaced in 1960 with a single manual chamber organ built by 1341:. In the late 1800s, this organ was antiquated, and its pipes were moved to St. Mary's Church, Usk. 947: 4301:

The cathedrals of England and Wales : being a fourth edition of English cathedrals illustrated

3820: 3631: 1517: 1465: 1114: 1098: 836: 799: 539: 523: 519: 411: 349: 262: 238: 221: 212: 3694: 4957: 4792: 4129:"The National Pipe Organ Register – NPOR Survey date: 1998 Lady Chapel Photographs of this organ" 3458:. Dean and Chapter of Llandaff Cathedral. 13 July 2007. Archived from the original on 3 July 2008 2781: 979: 912: 342: 4972: 4562:

Some Account of the Condition of the Fabric of Llandaff Cathedral, from 1575 to the present time

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Remarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral: With an Essay Towards a History of the Fabric

4079:"The National Pipe Organ Register – NPOR Main Organ- Organ maintained Photographs of this organ" 3742: 933:

Some Account of the Condition of the Fabric of Llandaff Cathedral, from 1575 to the present time

610:. The most notable legends surrounding these two state that Saint Dyfrig was made Archbishop by 4808: 4104:"The National Pipe Organ Register – NPOR Survey date: 1946 Lady Chapel Organ no longer present" 3428: 5184: 5123: 4962: 4947: 4881: 4787: 4678: 4659: 4644: 4623: 4617: 4577: 4542: 4521: 4493: 4479: 4415: 4394: 4388: 4370: 4058: 3996: 3471: 3172: 2247: 2024: 1592: 1418: 1345: 1133: 1102:

The door of the west front of Llandaff Cathedral; a statue of St Teilo is seen above the door.

1080: 986:. Due to its importance, the cathedral was given Grade I building status on 12 February 1952. 758: 734: 669: 535: 478: 407: 4571: 4536: 4497: 4458: 4409: 4334: 4317: 1962: 4777: 4772: 4304: 3573: 3368: 1985: 1852: 1659: 1596: 1588: 1553: 1529: 1495: 1483: 1361: 1357: 1349: 1338: 1204: 1192: 1069: 967: 908: 730: 718: 687: 614:

while he travelled through Britain to oppose the Pelagian heresy, and link both saints with

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of boys and men, and more recently the Girl Choristers. The boys and girls are educated at

4987: 4761: 3954: 1725:, the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Archbishop was able to get the promise of £1,000 from 1198: 1166: 1084: 1049: 935:, intended to raise funds to restore the cathedral's choir and to purchase a new organ. A 848: 695: 346: 146: 3201: 1028:

which was not part of the cathedral restoration done earlier by Pritchard. One was for a

4592: 3879: 3686: 3392:"Peter Collins: Llandaff Cathedral organ lightning strike illuminates capitalism's woes" 2011:. Dean and Chapter of Llandaff Cathedral. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007 542:

and the first Christian convert in Britain. Lucius was believed to have beseeched Pope (

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clergyman, church founder and saint; and many Bishops of Llandaff, from the 7th-century

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attended a service celebrating the completion of the restoration on 6 August 1960. The

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of twelve bells (with an additional "flat sixth", to make thirteen in total) hung for

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The Cathedral Church of Saints Peter and Paul with Saints Dyfrig, Teilo, and Euddogwy

4726: 745: 5108: 5098: 5053: 5048: 4507: 3657:"Dove details: Llandaff Cath, Metropolitical, and Parish Ch of SS Peter & Paul" 1722: 1511: 1471: 1384: 1376: 1308:

In December 2018, the cathedral launched a recording of its Cathedral Choir called

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Enough money was raised to install a new organ in the cathedral 18 September 1861.

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The see began seeking funds to repair the cathedral in 1721, requesting them from

526:, but there is little consensus on the original church's age, importance or size. 4346: 831:

Thirty years after the cathedral roof collapsed, the chapter asked an architect,

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Edward Copleston was the first bishop buried at Llandaff since Francis Davies.

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state that the original Christian community at Llandaff was re-established by

395:). It is one of two cathedrals in Cardiff, the other being the Roman Catholic 4452:. Contributions toward the history of Gwent & Glamorgan. W. Christophers. 4308: 104: 91: 5093: 5078: 5038: 4876: 4871: 4757: 1729:

and hoped to be able to get a £500 donation from the Prince of Wales (later

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partly survives. The northwest tower, the one without a spire, was added by

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at the Bishop's Court's well) and both secular and ecclesiastical writings.

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Handbook to the Cathedrals of Wales: Llandafe, St David's, St Asaph, Bangor

775:, appropriated portions of the cathedral for his own gain. Milles set up a 1266:, and is a mixed choir of boys, girls, men and women. The cathedral has a 4045:. Llandaff Cathedral. 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2013 1502:, and the King granted him the use of "Towton" on the Mathew family arms. 1487: 1251: 1088: 1074: 1025: 1001:

Major restorations and reconfigurations were carried out under architect

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Siluriana; or, Contributions toward the history of Gwent & Glamorgan

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Chipping Campden and Bath limestone, with some local red sandstone from

896: 868: 844: 703: 552: 338: 233: 124: 4704: 3983:. Llandaff Cathedral. 2010. Archived from the original on 31 July 2010 3930:"The National Pipe Organ Register – NPOR Survey date: 1938 Main Organ" 1825:

The mine did not explode until some days after the bombing of Cardiff.

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Severe damage was done to the church in 1400 during the rebellion of

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International who's who in music and musicians' directory, Volume 10

1780:

Llandaff Cathedral project launched Prichard's architectural career.

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was carried out in the 1840s and 1850s. In January 1941, during the

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Dictionary of Composers for the Church in Great Britain and Ireland

3548: 3546: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3516: 3514: 3489: 3487: 2104: 2102: 859:, was instrumental in bringing about the much-needed restorations. 422:, but this was never completed, and instead a major restoration by 1441: 1240: 1174: 1162: 1143: 1097: 1059: 988: 946: 821: 744: 721:

of Llandaff (1400–1484). Sir David ap Mathew was appointed "Grand

575: 567: 509: 486: 482: 466: 451: 380: 364: 134: 3159:. Llandaff Cathedral. Archived from the original on 22 March 2007 2723: 2721: 563:, and seems to have been widely accepted in the medieval period. 3337: 2396: 2394: 2392: 1255: 1068:

The original pre-Norman church was recorded in the 12th-century

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1.5 million for the construction of an entirely new organ.

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Treuherz, Julian; Bendiner, Kenneth; Thirlwell, Angela (2011).

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was dropped nearby. When it exploded, it blew the roof off the

4538:

Glamorgan: (Mid Glamorgan, South Glamorgan and West Glamorgan)

1622:

A description of the church built by Urban is recorded in the

458:. The cathedral contains a number of notable tombs, including 410:

when it was overrun by Parliamentarian troops, and during the

3743:"BBC News announcement of redundancies at Llandaff Cathedral" 1770:

A list of those who made donations or made pledges to donate.

1087:, so it is probable that several of the leading craftsman of 1044:

strike. Particular damage was caused to the electrics of the

2540: 2538: 1247:, the only dedicated choir school in the Church in Wales, . 867:

Wood. Arches with beautiful moulding were hidden by walls,

1239:

For many years, the cathedral had the traditional Anglican

1195:— Richard Peers (since 20 November 2022 installation) 450:

For many years, the cathedral had the traditional Anglican

2954: 2676: 2674: 1262:

In addition, the parish choir sings at the weekly Parish

1201:— Mark Preece (since 10 February 2019 installation) 4640:

Space and the Eighteenth-Century English Novel, Volume 1

4535:

Newman, John; Hughes, Stephen R.; Ward, Anthony (1995).

4316:

Clifton, A. B.; Willmott, Edmund Charles Morgan (1907).

4238: 4236: 4187: 4185: 3905:"Main Organ Builders 1900 Hope Jones/Norman & Beard" 2992: 2990: 1438:; his body was transferred to Llandaff Cathedral in 1120 1207:— Jan van der Lely (since 5 May 2019 installation) 1189:

The Dean and Canons, the everyday clergy of the church:

4265: 4263: 3019: 3017: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 1320:. This was the first CD of the cathedral's choir since 765:, where they were burned along with many copies of the 4605:

Storer, James Sargant; Storer, Henry Sargeant (1817).

2965: 2963: 2938: 2936: 2469: 2467: 2442: 2440: 2319: 2317: 2146: 2144: 2131: 2129: 694:

at Llandaff. The damage was extensive enough to cause

534:

Welsh tradition associates the church's founding with

2708: 2706: 1693:

Diagram shows the choir area was on the ground floor.

3342:"Cathedral Church of St. Peter and St. Paul (13710)" 3316:"Cathedral Church of St Peter and St Paul, Llandaff" 3120:. Monmouthshire Merlin. 21 September 1861. p. 8 2079:"Singular Discovery of an Ancient Cross at Llandaff" 931:, who was then Bishop of Landaff, published a book, 522:

cathedral was constructed on the site of an ancient

5021: 4903: 4844: 4348:

A Brief Account of Cathedral and Collegiate Schools

2927: 1565:

List of tallest buildings and structures in Cardiff

1556:– Chronological list of deans of Llandaff cathedral 306: 296: 291: 281: 271: 261: 249: 244: 232: 227: 211: 203: 198: 183: 175: 170: 152: 140: 130: 120: 26: 4689:british cathedrals world war ii llandaff coventry. 4670: 2500:"TUDOR, JASPER (c. 1431 - 1495), earl of Pembroke" 1999: 1997: 1995: 1486:, (1400–1484), born Dafydd ap Mathew, was Lord of 3098:. Monmouthshire Merlin. 10 August 1861. p. 2 1444:, 6th-century clergyman, church founder and saint 1337:The first organ at Llandaff was built in 1861 by 1040:In February 2007 the cathedral suffered a severe 1009:, and the building was back in use in June 1958. 798:The southwest tower suffered major damage in the 3552: 3537: 3520: 3505: 3493: 2739: 2727: 3909:National Pipe Organ Register – NPOR npor.org.uk 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 2883:. Monmouthshire Merlin. 14 July 1866. p. 2 2843: 2807: 2763: 2400: 2383: 2371: 2308: 2186: 2108: 2043: 1169:. The buttresses of the building are made from 927:found in the organ loft at that time. In 1860, 37: 4281: 3138: 3008: 2795: 2697: 2629: 2614: 2602: 2458: 2296: 2284: 2233: 2059:. Monmouthshire Merlin. 14 May 1870. p. 5 1117:, who was able to hire pre-Raphaelite artists 4824: 4742: 1222:Lay Canons: Ceri Weatherall; and Paul Bennett 962:On the evening of 2 January 1941, during the 594:In their writings on Lucius of Britain, both 8: 4839:Landmarks and visitor attractions in Cardiff 2641: 2544: 1712:Llandaff was not part of Cardiff until 1922. 4661:A Survey of the Cathedral-Church of Landaff 2593:at Clergy of the Church of England Database 2570:"The History of Cardiff's Suburbs-Llandaff" 1635:De Braose is buried in the chapel he built. 1212:Chapter Canons (clergy): Sarah Rogers; and 783:, turned the choir area into a pen for his 4831: 4817: 4809: 4749: 4735: 4727: 4709: 3769:"New Record Label From Llandaff Cathedral" 3151: 3149: 3147: 1595:sent two ambassadors, Elfan and Medwy, to 1024:Pace presented two options to replace the 880:John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute 65: 23: 5170:Pre-Reformation Roman Catholic cathedrals 4408:Evans, Robert; Humphreys, Maggie (1997). 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 1807:while the cathedral's school pupils sang. 1278:£45,000 a year by taking these measures. 5190:Anglo-Catholic church buildings in Wales 4968:Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama 4619:Ford Madox Brown: Pre-Raphaelite Pioneer 4366:The Welsh Academy encyclopaedia of Wales 4152: 3955:"Visit to Llandaff Cathedral Pipe Organ" 3414: 3412: 3224:"Llandaff Cathedral-Back From the Ashes" 3065:"OLLIVANT, ALFRED (1798 - 1882), bishop" 3047: 3035: 2867: 2855: 2831: 2819: 2680: 2431: 1514:, Bishop of Llandaff (1500–1516 or 1517) 1417: 1286:In 2012 the cathedral premiered its own 3665:Central Council for Church Bell Ringers 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 2996: 2955:Treuherz, Bendiner & Thirlwell 2011 2556: 1889: 1680:The library was later reestablished by 1580: 951:The nave of Llandaff Cathedral showing 779:in the cathedral, used part of it as a 4254: 4242: 4227: 4215: 4203: 4191: 4176: 4164: 4056: 3994: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3632:"The Cathedral School Girl Choristers" 3469: 3419:Williams, Kathryn (27 February 2014). 3170: 3023: 2529: 2473: 2419: 2359: 2347: 2335: 2272: 2221: 2135: 2022: 1344:The second organ was built in 1900 by 982:was damaged more, during the infamous 4390:The Age of Conquest: Wales, 1063–1415 4327:Compton-Davies, William Rhys (1897). 4269: 4017:"Preview: Llandaff Festival of Music" 3270: 2981: 2969: 2942: 2751: 2665: 2653: 2446: 2323: 2162: 2120: 1409:List of musicians at Welsh cathedrals 1017:Memorial Chapel was constructed, and 7: 5084:Cardiff International Sports Village 5034:St Fagans National Museum of History 4938:Cardiff International Sports Stadium 3661:Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers 2712: 2485: 2174: 2150: 1430:, 6th-century saint who evangelised 1352:. This organ was rebuilt in 1937 by 1064:The west front of Llandaff Cathedral 717:Late medieval tombs include that of 497:, who was bishop from 1849 to 1882. 312:Aaron Shilson, David Geoffrey Thomas 16:Anglican cathedral in Cardiff, Wales 3283:Wightwick, Abbie (4 January 2016). 1928:. London: W. J. Cleaver. p. 69 518:There is common consensus that the 5180:Grade I listed cathedrals in Wales 5175:Grade I listed churches in Cardiff 1898:"Installation of Canon Chancellor" 749:A depiction of the cathedral from 672:circa 1214. He appointed fourteen 267:Jason Bray (from 8 September 2024) 14: 4597:. W. Rees for Welsh MSS Society. 4517:John Wood: Architect of Obsession 3771:. Planet Hugill. 22 December 2012 3347:National Historic Assets of Wales 2928:Davies, Jenkins & Baines 2008 741:Post-medieval to Victorian period 3719:Conner, Rachel (22 March 2011). 2907:The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian 1538:, Bishop of Llandaff (1849–1882) 1532:, Bishop of Llandaff (1828–1849) 1526:, Bishop of Llandaff (1667–1675) 1520:, Bishop of Llandaff (1660–1667) 1508:, Bishop of Llandaff (1478–1496) 1498:in 1461, he was appointed Grand 1480:, Bishop of Llandaff (1476–1478) 1474:, Bishop of Llandaff (1347–1361) 1468:, Bishop of Llandaff (1390–1393) 1462:, Bishop of Llandaff (1297–1323) 1456:, Bishop of Llandaff (1266–1287) 1450:, Bishop of Llandaff (1193–1218) 1312:, showcasing seasonal music for 690:; his forces also destroyed the 514:The nave after the 1723 collapse 64: 57: 44: 3566:"Chapter & Greater Chapter" 2785:. 6 February 1844. p. 400. 1225:Chapter Treasurer: Robert Lewis 851:was separated from that of the 341:, Wales. It is the seat of the 333:cathedral and parish church in 174: 5074:Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral 4643:. Cambridge University Press. 3553:Newman, Hughes & Ward 1995 3538:Newman, Hughes & Ward 1995 3521:Newman, Hughes & Ward 1995 3506:Newman, Hughes & Ward 1995 3494:Newman, Hughes & Ward 1995 3230:. 9 April 2002. Archived from 2740:Newman, Hughes & Ward 1995 2728:Newman, Hughes & Ward 1995 2246:Logan, Olive (February 1901). 1434:(now Archenfield) and much of 915:designed the porcelain panels 473:(now Archenfield) and much of 456:the Cathedral School, Llandaff 397:Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral 1: 4717:Artwork at Llandaff Cathedral 4369:. University of Wales Press. 3390:Collins Peter (15 May 2012). 3157:"Music at Llandaff Cathedral" 3070:Dictionary of Welsh Biography 2591:Hancorn, Thomas (1672 - 1731) 2505:Dictionary of Welsh Biography 2498:Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). 1091:were hired for the building. 729:, for saving his life at the 679:The Lady Chapel was built by 625:, are the modern cathedral's 5165:Anglican cathedrals in Wales 5064:Cardiff Bay Wetlands Reserve 4622:. Philip Wilson Publishers. 3981:"The Cathedral Organ Appeal" 3452:"The Cathedral organ appeal" 2909:. 17 July 1869. pp. 5–7 1968:W.J. Cleaver (London), 1844. 1948:"Duvianus (1)", p. 236. 1864:A specification can be seen 1560:List of works by George Pace 1404:, which remains there today. 538:, the legendary 2nd-century 5114:Museum of the Welsh Soldier 5013:Welsh National War Memorial 4673:American's guide to Britain 4446:Isaac, David Lloyd (1859). 4393:. Oxford University Press. 4351:. J.B. Nichols. p. 36. 2844:Clifton & Willmott 1907 2808:Clifton & Willmott 1907 2764:Clifton & Willmott 1907 2401:Clifton & Willmott 1907 2384:Clifton & Willmott 1907 2372:Clifton & Willmott 1907 2309:Clifton & Willmott 1907 2187:Clifton & Willmott 1907 2109:Clifton & Willmott 1907 2044:Clifton & Willmott 1907 1570:Listed buildings in Cardiff 1549:List of cathedrals in Wales 1422:Tombs in Llandaff Cathedral 5206: 4983:St John the Baptist Church 4457:James, John Henry (1898). 3456:Llandaff Cathedral website 3318:. British Listed Buildings 3050:, p. "Advertisement". 2297:Evans & Humphreys 1997 2009:Llandaff Cathedral website 1500:Standard Bearer of England 1406: 1290:, with a recording called 895:was designed for use as a 723:Standard Bearer of England 4768: 4541:. Yale University Press. 4414:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 4322:. George Bell & Sons. 4063:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4001:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3476:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3177:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3075:National Library of Wales 2510:National Library of Wales 2029:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1978:Ollivant, Alfred (1860). 887:between 1843 and 1869. A 612:Saint Germanus of Auxerre 86: 52: 43: 36: 31: 5129:Shri Swaminarayan Mandir 4669:Winks, Robin W. (1984). 4430:Freeman, Edward Augustus 4363:; Baines, Menna (2008). 4043:"Cathedral Organ Appeal" 3825:llandaffcathedral.org.uk 3636:llandaffcathedral.org.uk 2642:Mowl & Earnshaw 1988 2545:Storer & Storer 1817 2203:. British History Online 2087:. 12 May 1870. p. 3 1624:Archaeologica Cambrensis 604:Saint Dyfrig (Dubricius) 327:Eglwys Gadeiriol Llandaf 38:Eglwys Gadeiriol Llandaf 21:Church in Cardiff, Wales 5029:National Museum Cardiff 5008:Wales Millennium Centre 4928:Cardiff Central Station 4923:Cardiff Central Library 4658:Willis, Browne (1719). 4345:Hackett, Maria (1823). 3884:Nicholson & Co. Ltd 3795:www.prioryrecords.co.uk 2199:Pearson, M. J. (2003). 1984:. Rivingtons. pp. 1922:Williams, John (1844). 1402:Henry Willis & Sons 943:20th and 21st centuries 919:in St Dyfrig's Chapel. 668:organised the Llandaff 78:Location within Cardiff 5069:Cardiff Centenary Walk 4854:Bridge Street Exchange 4573:Discovering Cathedrals 4299:Bond, Francis (1912). 3061:Ellis, Thomas Iorwerth 2254:. T. J. Griffiths: 107 1647:Archdeacon of Llandaff 1506:John Marshall (bishop) 1423: 1398:Hill, Norman and Beard 1369:Nicholson & Co Ltd 1354:Hill, Norman and Beard 1149: 1119:Dante Gabriel Rossetti 1103: 1065: 998: 959: 893:Dante Gabriel Rossetti 828: 754: 515: 392: 376: 326: 4872:HM Government Offices 4722:Parabolic arches used 4637:Varey, Simon (1990). 4576:. Osprey Publishing. 4570:Pepin, David (2008). 4333:. E. Dobbin. p. 3821:"The Cathedral Organ" 3691:The Saturday Magazine 1682:Bishop Francis Davies 1421: 1407:Further information: 1147: 1101: 1063: 992: 950: 825: 768:Book of Common Prayer 748: 641:The Normans occupied 513: 352:. It is dedicated to 287:Jan van der Lely 5160:Landmarks in Cardiff 5089:Cardiff Story Museum 4933:Cardiff City Stadium 4591:Rees, W. J. (1840). 4520:. Millstream Books. 4472:Kay, Ernest (1985). 3850:regent-records.co.uk 3846:"Nadolig yn Llandaf" 3687:"Llandaff Cathedral" 3620:. 16 September 2019. 3371:. Llandaff Cathedral 3246:"Llandaff cathedral" 3204:. Llandaff Cathedral 3202:"Cardiff Blitz 1941" 3118:"Llandaff Cathedral" 3096:"Llandaff Cathedral" 2881:"Llandaff Cathedral" 1448:Henry de Abergavenny 1245:the Cathedral School 1218:Archdeacon of Margam 917:Six Days of Creation 905:Shipwreck of St Paul 857:William Bruce Knight 833:John Wood, the Elder 806:to Cardiff in 1717. 753:'s 1610 map of Wales 712:Henry VII of England 666:Henry de Abergavenny 596:Geoffrey of Monmouth 561:Geoffrey of Monmouth 493:to the 19th-century 420:John Wood, the Elder 399:in the city centre. 5022:Visitor attractions 4440:llandaff cathedral. 4339:llandaff cathedral. 4282:Compton-Davies 1897 3707:llandaff cathedral. 3697:. 27 September 1834 3614:"Majestas, Issue 3" 3596:"Majestas, Issue 2" 3421:"It's a Pipe Dream" 3139:Compton-Davies 1897 3009:Compton-Davies 1897 2903:"Landaff Cathedral" 2796:Compton-Davies 1897 2698:Compton-Davies 1897 2630:Compton-Davies 1897 2615:Compton-Davies 1897 2603:Compton-Davies 1897 2459:Compton-Davies 1897 2285:Compton-Davies 1897 2234:Compton-Davies 1897 1600:Bishop of Llandaff. 1518:Hugh Lloyd (bishop) 1466:Edmund de Bromfield 1383:, performed at the 1367:Organ manufacturer 1115:John Pollard Seddon 800:Great Storm of 1703 606:and his successor, 540:King of the Britons 412:Great Storm of 1703 350:Diocese of Llandaff 101: / 4958:Millennium Stadium 4953:Llandaff Cathedral 4494:King, Richard John 4303:. B. T. Batsford. 3749:. 20 December 2013 3576:on 28 January 2022 3570:Llandaff Cathedral 2782:The London Gazette 1902:Llandaff Cathedral 1591:is that in 156AD, 1587:An account in the 1424: 1392:Lady Chapel organs 1310:Nadolig yn Llandaf 1150: 1104: 1066: 999: 980:Coventry Cathedral 960: 913:Edward Burne-Jones 907:, was designed by 829: 755: 516: 343:Bishop of Llandaff 319:Llandaff Cathedral 160:.llandaffcathedral 105:51.4957°N 3.2179°W 72:Llandaff Cathedral 27:Llandaff Cathedral 5147: 5146: 5124:Red Dragon Centre 4963:Pierhead Building 4846:Tallest buildings 4806: 4805: 4684:978-0-6841-8067-0 4650:978-0-5213-7483-5 4629:978-0-8566-7700-7 4599:book of llandaff. 4583:978-0-7478-0597-7 4548:978-0-1407-1056-4 4527:978-0-9489-7513-4 4478:. Melrose Press. 4421:978-1-4411-3796-8 4400:978-0-1982-0878-5 4376:978-0-7083-1953-6 4309:2027/uc1.b4687625 4206:, pp. 27–28. 3961:. 18 October 2018 3731:on 8 August 2016. 3431:on 8 August 2016. 3295:on 8 August 2016. 3234:on 8 August 2016. 3141:, pp. 75–76. 3011:, pp. 31–32. 2858:, pp. 38–39. 2810:, pp. 28–29. 2617:, pp. 34–35. 2605:, pp. 32–33. 2386:, pp. 25–26. 2350:, pp. 30–31. 2311:, pp. 22–24. 2224:, pp. 48–49. 2111:, pp. 20–21. 2005:"A short history" 1791:The Seed of David 1454:William de Braose 1134:Charles Nicholson 1081:Glastonbury Abbey 957:Christ in Majesty 759:English Civil War 735:Wars of the Roses 681:William de Braose 670:Cathedral chapter 657:transferred from 530:Lucius of Britain 506:Legendary origins 481:, King of Gwent; 479:Meurig ap Tewdrig 408:English Civil War 316: 315: 298:Director of music 204:Functional status 5197: 5119:Norwegian Church 4978:St David's Hotel 4833: 4826: 4819: 4810: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4728: 4713: 4708: 4707: 4705:Official website 4691: 4676: 4665: 4654: 4633: 4612: 4601: 4587: 4566: 4557:Ollivant, Alfred 4552: 4531: 4503: 4489: 4468: 4453: 4442: 4438:. W. Pickering. 4425: 4404: 4380: 4352: 4341: 4323: 4312: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4062: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4000: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3876: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3817: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3727:. Archived from 3725:South Wales Echo 3716: 3710: 3709: 3704: 3702: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3667:. 27 August 2007 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3572:. Archived from 3562: 3556: 3550: 3541: 3535: 3524: 3518: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3482: 3481: 3475: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3448: 3433: 3432: 3427:. Archived from 3425:South Wales Echo 3416: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3312: 3297: 3296: 3291:. Archived from 3289:South Wales Echo 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3248:. Archived from 3242: 3236: 3235: 3228:South Wales Echo 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3198: 3183: 3182: 3176: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3153: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2716: 2710: 2701: 2695: 2684: 2678: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2566: 2560: 2559:, p. xviii. 2554: 2548: 2542: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2435: 2434:, pp. 9–10. 2429: 2423: 2417: 2404: 2398: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 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1358:lightning strike 1350:Norman and Beard 1339:Gray and Davison 1205:Canon Chancellor 1193:Dean of Llandaff 1070:Book of Llandaff 968:Second World War 937:cathedral school 909:Ford Madox Brown 837:Solomon's Temple 733:1461 during the 731:Battle of Towton 719:Sir David Mathew 637:Norman cathedral 584:Iolo Manuscripts 485:, a 6th-century 475:South-East Wales 469:who evangelised 462:, a 6th-century 432:Second World War 283:Canon Chancellor 194: 192: 166: 163: 161: 159: 116: 115: 113: 112: 111: 110:51.4957; -3.2179 106: 102: 99: 98: 97: 94: 68: 67: 61: 48: 24: 5205: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5017: 5003:The Old Library 4998:Temple of Peace 4988:Senedd building 4973:St David's Hall 4899: 4840: 4837: 4807: 4802: 4764: 4762:Church in Wales 4755: 4703: 4702: 4699: 4694: 4685: 4668: 4657: 4651: 4636: 4630: 4615: 4604: 4590: 4584: 4569: 4555: 4549: 4534: 4528: 4512:Earnshaw, Brian 4506: 4492: 4486: 4471: 4456: 4445: 4428: 4422: 4407: 4401: 4383: 4377: 4355: 4344: 4326: 4315: 4298: 4294: 4289: 4288: 4280: 4276: 4268: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4183: 4175: 4171: 4163: 4159: 4151: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4087: 4085: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4055: 4048: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4024: 4015: 4014: 4010: 3993: 3986: 3984: 3979: 3978: 3974: 3964: 3962: 3959:Viscount Organs 3953: 3952: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3878: 3877: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3819: 3818: 3809: 3799: 3797: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3700: 3698: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3602:. 6 April 2019. 3594: 3593: 3589: 3579: 3577: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3544: 3536: 3527: 3519: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3492: 3485: 3468: 3461: 3459: 3450: 3449: 3436: 3418: 3417: 3410: 3400: 3398: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3314: 3313: 3300: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3255: 3253: 3252:on 3 April 2019 3244: 3243: 3239: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3186: 3169: 3162: 3160: 3155: 3154: 3145: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3015: 3007: 3003: 2995: 2988: 2980: 2976: 2968: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2941: 2934: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2830: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2746: 2738: 2734: 2726: 2719: 2711: 2704: 2696: 2687: 2679: 2672: 2664: 2660: 2652: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2628: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2551: 2543: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2465: 2457: 2453: 2445: 2438: 2430: 2426: 2418: 2407: 2399: 2390: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2366: 2358: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2322: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2279: 2271: 2267: 2257: 2255: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2232: 2228: 2220: 2216: 2206: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2169: 2161: 2157: 2149: 2142: 2134: 2127: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2062: 2060: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2042: 2038: 2021: 2014: 2012: 2003: 2002: 1993: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1957: 1953: 1945: 1941: 1931: 1929: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1906: 1904: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1863: 1859: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1801: 1797: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1688: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1657: 1653: 1645:Castle for the 1643: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1621: 1617: 1608: 1604: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1545: 1536:Alfred Ollivant 1416: 1411: 1394: 1335: 1330: 1284: 1237: 1232: 1199:Canon Precentor 1183: 1167:Donald Buttress 1085:Wells Cathedral 1058: 997:memorial chapel 945: 929:Alfred Ollivant 808:Thomas Hancorne 743: 700:Bishop Marshall 692:Bishop's Palace 647:Norman conquest 639: 592: 590:Saint Dubricius 532: 508: 503: 495:Alfred Ollivant 442:, though local 347:Church in Wales 190: 188: 156: 147:Church in Wales 109: 107: 103: 100: 95: 92: 90: 88: 87: 82: 81: 80: 79: 76: 75: 74: 73: 69: 39: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5203: 5201: 5193: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5152: 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5044:Cardiff Castle 5041: 5036: 5031: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4993:Sophia Gardens 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4948:Ianto's Shrine 4945: 4943:Central Market 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4907: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4889: 4884: 4882:Tŷ Pont Haearn 4879: 4874: 4869: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4850: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4828: 4821: 4813: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4756: 4754: 4753: 4746: 4739: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4698: 4697:External links 4695: 4693: 4692: 4683: 4666: 4655: 4649: 4634: 4628: 4613: 4602: 4588: 4582: 4567: 4553: 4547: 4532: 4526: 4504: 4490: 4484: 4469: 4454: 4443: 4426: 4420: 4405: 4399: 4381: 4375: 4361:Jenkins, Nigel 4353: 4342: 4324: 4313: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4274: 4259: 4247: 4232: 4220: 4208: 4196: 4181: 4179:, p. 119. 4169: 4157: 4145: 4120: 4095: 4070: 4034: 4023:. 25 June 2011 4008: 3972: 3946: 3921: 3896: 3862: 3837: 3807: 3782: 3760: 3734: 3711: 3678: 3648: 3623: 3605: 3587: 3557: 3555:, p. 254. 3542: 3540:, p. 241. 3525: 3523:, p. 240. 3510: 3508:, p. 248. 3498: 3496:, p. 239. 3483: 3434: 3408: 3382: 3369:"The Majestas" 3360: 3329: 3298: 3275: 3273:, p. 350. 3263: 3237: 3215: 3184: 3143: 3131: 3109: 3087: 3052: 3040: 3028: 3013: 3001: 2986: 2974: 2959: 2957:, p. 107. 2947: 2932: 2930:, p. 710. 2920: 2894: 2872: 2860: 2848: 2836: 2824: 2812: 2800: 2788: 2768: 2756: 2744: 2742:, p. 255. 2732: 2717: 2702: 2685: 2670: 2668:, p. 109. 2658: 2646: 2644:, p. 213. 2634: 2619: 2607: 2595: 2583: 2561: 2549: 2534: 2522: 2490: 2488:, p. 462. 2478: 2463: 2451: 2436: 2424: 2405: 2388: 2376: 2364: 2352: 2340: 2328: 2313: 2301: 2289: 2277: 2275:, p. 184. 2265: 2238: 2226: 2214: 2191: 2179: 2177:, p. 455. 2167: 2155: 2153:, p. 622. 2140: 2125: 2113: 2098: 2070: 2048: 2036: 1991: 1970: 1959:Williams, John 1951: 1939: 1914: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1870: 1857: 1836: 1827: 1818: 1809: 1795: 1782: 1772: 1763: 1754: 1744: 1735: 1714: 1705: 1695: 1686: 1673: 1664: 1651: 1637: 1628: 1615: 1602: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1551: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1524:Francis Davies 1521: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1481: 1475: 1469: 1463: 1457: 1451: 1445: 1439: 1415: 1412: 1393: 1390: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1283: 1280: 1272:change-ringing 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1182: 1179: 1130:parachute mine 1123:Thomas Woolner 1057: 1054: 1015:Welch Regiment 995:Welch Regiment 984:Coventry Blitz 972:parachute mine 944: 941: 795:for his pigs. 763:Cardiff Castle 742: 739: 727:King Edward IV 696:Bishop Blethyn 638: 635: 591: 588: 580:Iolo Morgannwg 531: 528: 507: 504: 502: 499: 345:, head of the 314: 313: 310: 304: 303: 300: 294: 293: 289: 288: 285: 279: 278: 275: 269: 268: 265: 259: 258: 253: 247: 246: 242: 241: 236: 230: 229: 228:Administration 225: 224: 215: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 196: 195: 185: 181: 180: 177: 173: 172: 168: 167: 154: 150: 149: 144: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 84: 83: 77: 71: 70: 63: 62: 56: 55: 54: 53: 50: 49: 41: 40: 34: 33: 29: 28: 20: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5202: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5140: 5139:Victoria Park 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4895:Holland House 4893: 4890: 4888: 4887:Meridian Gate 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4864:Stadium House 4862: 4860: 4859:Capital Tower 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4834: 4829: 4827: 4822: 4820: 4815: 4814: 4811: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4747: 4745: 4740: 4738: 4733: 4732: 4729: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4706: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4675: 4674: 4667: 4664:. R. Gosling. 4663: 4662: 4656: 4652: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4614: 4611:. Rivingtons. 4610: 4609: 4603: 4600: 4596: 4595: 4589: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4568: 4565:. Rivingtons. 4564: 4563: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4533: 4529: 4523: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4485:9780900332777 4481: 4477: 4476: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4385:Davies, R. R. 4382: 4378: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4349: 4343: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4284:, p. 64. 4283: 4278: 4275: 4272:, p. 17. 4271: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4257:, p. 61. 4256: 4251: 4248: 4245:, p. 17. 4244: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4230:, p. 60. 4229: 4224: 4221: 4218:, p. 55. 4217: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4197: 4194:, p. 28. 4193: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4170: 4167:, p. 40. 4166: 4161: 4158: 4155:, p. 26. 4154: 4153:Ollivant 1860 4149: 4146: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4096: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4071: 4066: 4060: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4022: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4004: 3998: 3982: 3976: 3973: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3922: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3863: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3770: 3764: 3761: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3721:"Good Chimes" 3715: 3712: 3708: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3473: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3397: 3393: 3386: 3383: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3317: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3279: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3264: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3203: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3174: 3158: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3135: 3132: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3076: 3072: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3048:Ollivant 1860 3044: 3041: 3038:, p. 28. 3037: 3036:Ollivant 1860 3032: 3029: 3026:, p. 21. 3025: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3002: 2999:, p. 36. 2998: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2984:, p. 28. 2983: 2978: 2975: 2972:, p. 89. 2971: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2948: 2945:, p. 52. 2944: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2921: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2882: 2876: 2873: 2870:, p. 38. 2869: 2868:Ollivant 1860 2864: 2861: 2857: 2856:Ollivant 1860 2852: 2849: 2846:, p. 29. 2845: 2840: 2837: 2834:, p. 31. 2833: 2832:Ollivant 1860 2828: 2825: 2822:, p. 36. 2821: 2820:Ollivant 1860 2816: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2801: 2798:, p. 33. 2797: 2792: 2789: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2772: 2769: 2766:, p. 28. 2765: 2760: 2757: 2754:, p. 25. 2753: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2733: 2730:, p. 91. 2729: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2715:, p. 13. 2714: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2700:, p. 36. 2699: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2683:, p. 22. 2682: 2681:Ollivant 1860 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2659: 2656:, p. 29. 2655: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2635: 2632:, p. 35. 2631: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2584: 2572:. Cardiffians 2571: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2532:, p. 32. 2531: 2526: 2523: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2461:, p. 49. 2460: 2455: 2452: 2449:, p. 51. 2448: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2432:Ollivant 1860 2428: 2425: 2422:, p. 25. 2421: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2403:, p. 26. 2402: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2374:, p. 25. 2373: 2368: 2365: 2362:, p. 33. 2361: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2341: 2338:, p. 30. 2337: 2332: 2329: 2326:, p. 27. 2325: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2302: 2299:, p. 14. 2298: 2293: 2290: 2287:, p. 51. 2286: 2281: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2266: 2253: 2249: 2242: 2239: 2236:, p. 29. 2235: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2215: 2202: 2195: 2192: 2189:, p. 22. 2188: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2168: 2165:, p. 97. 2164: 2159: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2123:, p. 23. 2122: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2058: 2052: 2049: 2046:, p. 19. 2045: 2040: 2037: 2032: 2026: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1982: 1974: 1971: 1967: 1966:, p. 73. 1965: 1960: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1943: 1940: 1927: 1926: 1918: 1915: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1883: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1847:and taken to 1846: 1840: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1822: 1819: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1789:The reredos, 1786: 1783: 1776: 1773: 1767: 1764: 1758: 1755: 1748: 1745: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1718: 1715: 1709: 1706: 1699: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1677: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1641: 1638: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1584: 1581: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1413: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1296:Jacob Epstein 1293: 1289: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1214:Michael Komor 1211: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1180: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1155: 1148:Chapter House 1146: 1142: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1111:John Prichard 1108: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1062: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1019:Jacob Epstein 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 996: 991: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 964:Cardiff Blitz 958: 954: 953:Jacob Epstein 949: 942: 940: 938: 934: 930: 926: 920: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 901:stained glass 898: 894: 890: 886: 885:John Prichard 881: 877: 872: 870: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 846: 840: 838: 834: 824: 820: 817: 814:prominent in 813: 809: 805: 801: 796: 794: 790: 787:and used the 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 769: 764: 760: 752: 747: 740: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 688:Owain Glyndŵr 684: 682: 677: 675: 671: 667: 662: 660: 656: 652: 649:, appointing 648: 645:early in the 644: 636: 634: 632: 628: 627:patron saints 624: 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 600:Iolo Morganwg 597: 589: 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 549: 545: 541: 537: 529: 527: 525: 524:Celtic church 521: 512: 505: 500: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 465: 461: 457: 453: 448: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 428:Cardiff Blitz 425: 424:John Prichard 421: 417: 413: 409: 406:, during the 405: 404:Owain Glyndŵr 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 363: 359: 355: 351: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 311: 309: 305: 302:Stephen Moore 301: 299: 295: 290: 286: 284: 280: 276: 274: 270: 266: 264: 260: 257: 256:Mary Stallard 254: 252: 248: 243: 240: 237: 235: 231: 226: 223: 219: 216: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 186: 182: 178: 169: 165: 155: 151: 148: 145: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 126: 123: 119: 114: 85: 60: 51: 47: 42: 35: 30: 25: 19: 5109:Mermaid Quay 5099:Insole Court 5054:Cathays Park 5049:Castell Coch 4952: 4910: 4782: 4688: 4672: 4660: 4639: 4618: 4607: 4598: 4593: 4572: 4561: 4537: 4516: 4498: 4474: 4465:Western Mail 4459: 4448: 4439: 4434: 4410: 4389: 4365: 4357:Davies, John 4347: 4338: 4329: 4318: 4300: 4277: 4250: 4223: 4211: 4199: 4172: 4160: 4148: 4138:23 September 4136:. 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