208:
29:
1109:
538:
568:
Lloyd
Brasileiro was one of the 50 largest shipping companies in the world and by far the largest shipping company in South America, with 73 ships of 271,000 GRT combined. However, the company bought only a few used ships and received hardly any newbuildings. In 1939, the company's most modern ships were five small motor freighters of 2,900 GRT of the Bandeirante type, built in the Netherlands.
605:
1085:
443:
1097:
194:
689:
1960s. A privatization contemplated in 1967 did not materialize. After an economic high in the 1970s, Lloyd
Brasileiro again fell into increasing financial distress due to poor freight rates in the early 1980s and heavy debt caused by the need to build new container ships in the second half of that decade.
579:
The German share was small, as a large number of ships attempted to reach home even after the outbreak of war, some of them only after the conquest of France. Some German ships were also sold to Brazil to enable others to make supply runs to German warships. Thus Lloyd
Brasileiro received the modern
567:
In the 1920s, the majority of the formerly German ships were also gradually formally transferred to the state-owned shipping company (33 ships, 165,133 GRT). The shipping company was again in a privatization phase after the war, but this came to an end during the great shipping crisis. In 1931, the
412:
in the fall of 1914 led to the indication to the
Germans that further support of their naval war would not be tolerated. The more than 40 German merchant ships in Brazilian ports did not subsequently conduct any support operations, especially since German warships did not operate off the Brazilian
688:
Although the company, unlike many other shipping companies in the post-war period with high shipbuilding prices, did not initially have any new ships built and only commissioned the purchase of 22 new general cargo ships between 1958 and 1967, it nevertheless fell into a financial crisis in the
697:
In the early 1990s, the company laid up a large part of its fleet and later ceased operations for good, despite promised rescue efforts by the government. From the end of 1995 until decisions by president
Fernando Henrique Cardoso in late 1997 and 5 March 1998, respectively, the company was
391:
Brazil initially tacitly tolerated the use of some uninhabited islands off its coast by the belligerent powers. British warships also entered
Brazilian ports relatively frequently. The Germans supplied their merchant ships, especially their small cruisers
465:
in 1917, the 45 ships of the
Central Powers were seized in Brazilian ports and used as merchant ships by Lloyd Brasileiro. Thus, the largest ship of the Brazilian merchant navy and shipping company became the Hapag steamer
281:. However, commercial success failed to materialize. In 1906, a plan emerged to order 18 newbuildings in Britain and to purchase a number of used ships. The implementation of this plan and the establishment of lines to
665:
170:, was a Brazilian shipping company founded on 19 February 1894. It became the only major shipping company in South America, in particular by taking over German ships confiscated in 1917 by Brazil's entry into the
312:(1910, 3540 GRT), small passenger steamers with refrigerated holds for transporting agricultural goods on outbound voyages to Europe or the United States. The newbuildings were joined in 1911 by the freighters
600:
and taking its prisoners to France, and became one of the most successful German blockade runners. Beginning in 1940, the NDL Brasileiro fleet was strengthened by over 20 purchases from the United States.
327:
In addition to these nine ships over 3,000 GRT, there were four steamers over 2,000 GRT and 22 steamers of over 1,000 GRT. Among these were the steamers built for the Cia. de Nav. Cruzeiro do Sul, Santos.
238:
and to the
Mediterranean) and actively seek to support desirable immigration to Brazil. The ensuing unrest delayed the implementation of this plan. The company was founded in February 1894 with the
380:
The outbreak of World War I forced the company to shorten its
European line and then take it into the Mediterranean. This change was also abandoned after Italy entered the war, especially as the
1129:
839:
285:
and, in 1910, to
Portugal and then to Great Britain and Germany did not bring the economic profits and led to the complete takeover of the company by the state before World War I.
1149:
1139:
1144:
806:
620:
During World War II, 30 Brazilian merchant ships were sunk by German U-boats, 17 of which belonged to Lloyd Brasileiro. The first occurred on 15 February 1942, when
226:, the naval sector gradually restructured itself to cope with the growing demand for means of locomotion of cargo and passengers by river and sea. Brazilian admiral
1154:
576:
During World War II, Lloyd Brasileiro again received a large number of ships seized by the Brazilian government, the majority of which were Italian and Danish.
757:
104:
1134:
372:
of 966 GRT) built in Germany. These ships all entered the service of Lloyd Brasileiro between 1908 and 1916 after the German holdings were abandoned.
227:
67:
475:
956:
556:
By 1922, three more formerly German ships in the service of Lloyd Brasileiro had been lost. The most serious accident was the capsizing of the
711:
1159:
631:
When Brazil declared war on Germany on 22 August 1942, 17 ships had been sunk in the meantime and it happened after the sinking of the
564:) on 16 January 1922, while undocking in the port of Hamburg, in which 39 men, including 26 Brazilian seamen, lost their lives.
637:
1036:
1017:
422:
1075:
961:
239:
193:
230:(1843–1914) attempted to establish a Brazilian overseas shipping company beginning in 1886. This was to operate two
826:
987:
716:
182:
174:. In 1931, Lloyd Brasileiro was among the 50 largest shipping companies in the world, owning 73 ships of 271,000
497:
Operated by Lloyd Brasileiro, three steamers were lost to German U-boats during the First World War. They were:
658:
621:
223:
207:
175:
814:
767:
589:
333:
662:
592:
14 days after the outbreak of war and was able to break through to Hamburg. The other sister ship
508:
of Hapa; 3,558 BRT, built 1912, whose sinking on 18 October 1917 finally triggered a state of war.
28:
802:
418:
393:
139:
1032:
1013:
436:
361:
474:, which, however, was placed at the disposal of France in 1918 and from 1921 was used by the
1113:
1101:
537:
1006:
Die Geschichte der deutschen Passagierschiffahrt. Band III: Sprunghaftes Wachstum 1900–1914
1108:
669:
385:
1065:
840:
Extingue a Companhia de navegação Lloyd Brasileiro – Lloydbras e dá outras providências
462:
381:
337:
329:
923:
1123:
1089:
852:
478:
in service to the United States. In March 1923, the ship was sold to CGT and renamed
399:
282:
596:
did not leave Rio Grande do Sul until October 1940, supplying the auxiliary cruiser
365:
341:
278:
277:
In fact, the main business was Brazilian coastal traffic, including traffic in the
966:
699:
171:
39:
672:. A total of 607 people died in the first three sinkings, including 270 on the
604:
432:
1052:
181:
The company was dissolved in October 1997 during the government of president
1010:
The History of German Passenger Shipping. Volume III: Rapid Growth 1900–1914
909:
885:
231:
897:
482:. In the service of the shipping company as the largest ship remained the
442:
431:, 1,366 GRT, 1872) of Lloyd Brasileiro, with a cargo of coffee bound for
409:
628:
of Lloyd, purchased from the United States in 1940, off the U.S. coast.
762:
235:
817:: Diretoria do Patrimônio Histórico e Documentação da Marinha (DPHDM)
260:
Companhia de Navegação da Estrada de Ferro EspĂrito Santo a Caravelas
324:(1902, 3774 GRT), acquired from the British-Brazilian Buarque Line.
1057:
262:, to which were added in 1891 the three smaller shipping companies
242:
as the main owner, and to this end the existing shipping companies
603:
536:
441:
206:
192:
1029:
Latin American Merchant Shipping in the Age of Global Competition
336:
had founded this company in 1905 for the coastal service between
924:"Unglücksfälle im Hamburger Hafen – Gedenkstätten in Ohlsdorf"
959:[Provisional Measure No. 288, of December 14, 1990].
518:
of DDG Hansa; 4,275 BRT, built 1905, sunk on 3 November 1917.
988:
LLOYD foi extinto através da Medida Provisória nº 1.592-5/98
288:
The company's largest ships in 1914 were the British-built
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
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737:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
1073:
957:"Medida ProvisĂłria nÂş 288, de 14 de Dezembro de 1990"
272:
Companhia Brasileira de Estradas de Ferro e Navegação
528:
of HSDG; 3.739 BRT, Bj. 1910, sunk on 2 August 1918.
435:, was stopped off Gibraltar by the German submarine
135:
125:
115:
99:
91:
73:
63:
45:
35:
760:[A Short History of the Brazilian Lloyd].
1130:Buildings and structures in Rio de Janeiro (city)
439:and became the fourth Brazilian ship to be sunk.
404:. The landing of more than 400 prisoners of the
1053:Eight Brazilian steamers sunk by German U-boats
461:When Brazil joined the war on the side of the
8:
421:until 1916. On 22 May 1917, the old steamer
21:
254:merged with the smaller shipping companies
1150:Transport companies disestablished in 1998
777:– via Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil.
758:"Um Pouco da HistĂłria do Lloyd Brasileiro"
27:
20:
1140:Companies based in Rio de Janeiro (state)
248:Companhia Brasileira de Navegação a Vapor
1145:Transport companies established in 1894
1080:
733:
552:), the largest ship of Lloyd Brasileiro
252:Companhia Nacional de Navegação a Vapor
152:Companhia de Navegação Lloyd Brasileiro
22:Companhia de Navegação Lloyd Brasileiro
873:
943:
7:
1155:Defunct shipping companies of Brazil
712:Arsenal de Marinha do Rio de Janeiro
234:lines to Europe (northern Europe to
1012:] (in German). Germany: Kabel.
756:Leuzinger, P. (November 24, 1955).
408:by a steamer of the Hamburg SĂĽd in
156:Navigation Company Lloyd Brasileiro
584:of Hamburg-SĂĽd, whose sister ship
476:Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
360:of 1,800 to 1,900 GRT and for the
14:
244:Empreza Transatlântica Brasileira
1135:Transatlantic shipping companies
1107:
1095:
1083:
1027:Tomán, René de la Pedra (1999).
990:on JusBrasil.com.br, 27 Jun 2022
268:Companhia Paraense de Navegação
1031:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
842:on Diário de Leis, 15 Nov 1997
264:Companhia Bahiana de Navegação
1:
827:Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil
962:Federal government of Brazil
809:[Merchant Officer].
413:coast after the loss of the
256:Companhia Progresso MarĂtimo
240:federal government of Brazil
965:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
813:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
811:Revista MarĂtima Brazileira
766:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
131:Américo Silveira (Chairman)
1176:
1160:Military history of Brazil
16:Brazilian shipping company
912:on Uboat.net, 27 Jun 2022
900:on Uboat.net, 27 Jun 2022
888:on Uboat.net, 27 Jun 2022
717:Brazil during World War I
470:of 12,334 GRT renamed as
183:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
155:
26:
668:without warning off the
218:of Hapag/Cruzeiro do Sul
68:Arthur Silveira da Motta
1058:Navios e Portos website
1004:Kludas, Arnold (1988).
158:), usually just called
145:Supply chain management
51:; 130 years ago
617:
553:
458:
308:(1910, 3401 GRT), and
228:Artur Silveira da Mota
224:independence of Brazil
219:
204:
79:; 26 years ago
49:February 19, 1894
855:. A Tribuna de Santos
807:"Oficialato Mercante"
607:
540:
445:
320:(1901, 3837 GRT) and
210:
196:
657:within four days by
608:The blockade runner
344:and had five ships (
212:Aspirante Nascimento
143:Freight distribution
969:. December 14, 1990
922:Helmut Schoenfeld.
853:"Planos Ambiciosos"
624:sank the 5,152 GRT
23:
910:Sinking the MaceiĂł
618:
554:
486:of Hamburg-SĂĽd as
459:
419:East Asia Squadron
316:(1900, 3822 GRT),
304:(1908, 3583 GRT),
300:(1907, 3583 GRT),
296:(1907, 3351 GRT),
292:(1907, 3324 GRT),
220:
205:
140:Container shipping
77:March 3, 1998
898:Sinking the Acary
886:Sinking the Macao
386:submarine warfare
384:stepped up their
362:Rio Grande do Sul
149:
148:
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776:
774:
753:
678:AnnĂbal BenĂ©volo
663:corvette captain
645:also of the LB,
633:Annibal Benévolo
494:, of 9,790 GRT.
200:in the 1920s as
160:Lloyd Brasileiro
157:
87:
85:
80:
59:
57:
52:
31:
24:
1175:
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1069:(in Portuguese)
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708:
695:
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676:and 150 on the
670:Brazilian coast
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535:
533:Interwar period
378:
191:
172:First World War
144:
142:
128:
118:
111:
107:
83:
81:
78:
55:
53:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1122:
1121:
1117:
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1092:
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1048:
1047:External links
1045:
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948:
936:
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616:'s sister ship
573:
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562:Sierra Salvada
534:
531:
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519:
509:
463:Triple Entente
457:'s sister ship
382:Central Powers
377:
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338:Rio de Janeiro
302:Rio de Janeiro
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666:Harro Schacht
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451:Sierra Nevada
448:
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202:Affonso Penna
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998:Bibliography
983:
971:. Retrieved
960:
951:
939:
927:. Retrieved
917:
905:
893:
881:
869:
857:. Retrieved
847:
835:
825:– via
819:. Retrieved
810:
771:. Retrieved
761:
696:
687:
677:
673:
654:
650:
646:
642:
636:
632:
630:
625:
619:
613:
609:
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586:Porto Alegre
585:
581:
578:
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572:World War II
566:
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368:service the
366:Porto Alegre
357:
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342:Buenos Aires
326:
321:
317:
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310:Minas Gerais
309:
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279:Amazon basin
276:
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221:
215:
211:
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198:Minas Gerais
197:
180:
167:
163:
159:
151:
150:
100:Headquarters
36:Company type
18:
874:Kludas 1988
693:Dissolution
635:of the LB,
550:Bahia Laura
542:Ruy Barbosa
492:Ruy Barbosa
484:Bahia Laura
376:World War I
330:Hamburg SĂĽd
214:, formerly
117:Area served
40:State-owned
1124:Categories
1038:0313308403
1019:3822500399
944:Tomán 1999
723:References
700:liquidated
638:Araraquara
614:Montevideo
610:Rio Grande
594:Rio Grande
582:Montevideo
580:6,000 GRT
526:Santa Anna
472:Leopoldina
433:Marseilles
178:combined.
154:(English:
127:Key people
84:1998-03-03
56:1894-02-19
1114:Transport
1102:Companies
805:Ronaldo.
801:Machado,
524:, former
516:Ebernburg
514:, former
504:, former
415:Karlsruhe
406:Karlsruhe
401:Karlsruhe
318:Tocantins
298:SĂŁo Paulo
232:steamship
222:With the
168:Lloydbrás
121:Worldwide
95:Dissolved
973:June 27,
967:BrasĂlia
929:June 27,
859:June 27,
821:June 26,
773:June 28,
706:See also
684:Post-war
674:Baependy
643:Baependy
560:(former
544:(former
449:(former
427:(former
417:and the
283:New York
270:and the
250:and the
136:Services
1076:Portals
1066:Blucher
763:A Noite
651:Itagiba
626:Buarque
548:former
546:Caxias,
506:Palatia
490:, then
480:Suffren
468:BlĂĽcher
437:SM U-47
395:Dresden
354:Jupiter
346:Saturno
322:TapajĂłs
236:Hamburg
189:History
82: (
74:Defunct
64:Founder
54: (
46:Founded
1090:Brazil
1035:
1016:
661:under
655:Jacyra
590:Santos
522:MaceiĂł
488:Caxias
429:Sparta
110:Brazil
1008:[
728:Notes
659:U-507
647:Arará
622:U-432
588:left
558:Avare
512:Acary
502:Macao
455:Avare
410:Belém
370:Venus
358:Sirio
350:Orion
334:Hapag
314:Purus
306:Bahia
290:Ceará
216:Venus
164:LĂłide
1033:ISBN
1014:ISBN
975:2022
931:2022
861:2022
823:2022
803:Cpt.
775:2022
653:and
598:Thor
447:Bagé
424:Lapa
398:and
356:and
340:and
332:and
294:Pará
92:Fate
453:),
176:GRT
166:or
1126::
783:^
736:^
702:.
680:.
649:,
641:,
612:,
388:.
352:,
348:,
274:.
266:,
258:,
246:,
185:.
162:,
108:,
1078::
1041:.
1022:.
977:.
933:.
863:.
829:.
364:–
86:)
58:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
