Location hypotheses of Atlantis

1603:"The Egyptian legend of Atlantis—also current in folk-tale along the Atlantic seaboard from Gibraltar to the Hebrides, and among the Yorub in West Africa—is not to be dismissed as pure fancy, and seems to date from the third millennium BC. But Plato's version, which he claims that Solon learned from his friends the Libyan priests of Sais in the Delta, he apparently been grafted on a later tradition: how the Minoan Cretans who had extended their influence to Egypt and Italy, were defeated a Hellenic confederacy with Athens at its head; and whom, perhaps as the result of a submarine earthquake, the enormous harbour works built by the Keftiu ('sea-people', meaning the Cretans and their allies) on the island of Pharos and, subsided under seven fathoms of water—where they have lately been rediscovered by dive: These works consisted of an outer and an inner basin, together covering some two hundred and. fifty acres (Gaston Jondet: Les Ports submerges l'ancienne île de Pharos). Such an identification of Atlantis with Pharos would account for Atlas’s being sometimes described as a son of Iapetus—the Japhet of Genesis, whom the Hebrews called Noah’s son and made the ancestor of the Sea-people’s confederacy—and sometimes as a son of Poseidon and, though in Greek myth Iapetus appears as Deucalion’s grandfather, this need mean no more than that he was the eponymous ancestor of the Canaanite tribe which brought the Mesopotamian Flood legend rather than the Atlantian, to Greece. Several details in Plato’s account such as the pillar sacrifice of bulls and the hot-and-cold water systems in Atlas’s palace, make it certain that the Cretans are being described, and no other nation." (Graves, 1955) 724:, which drowned the top of the main island. The occurrence of a great earthquake and tsunami in this region, similar to the 1755 Lisbon earthquake (magnitude 8.5-9) was proposed by marine geophysicist Marc-Andrè Gutscher as offering a possible explanation for the described catastrophic destruction (reference — Gutscher, M.-A., 2005. Destruction of Atlantis by a great earthquake and tsunami? A geological analysis of the Spartel Bank hypothesis. Geology, v. 33, p. 685-688.) . Collina-Girard proposes that the disappearance of this island was recorded in prehistoric Egyptian tradition for 5,000 years until it was written down by the first Egyptian scribes around 4000-3000 BC, and the story then subsequently inspired Plato to write a fictionalized version interpreted to illustrate his own principles. 794:. Of major archaeological interest is the fact that in the northwest of the Souss-Massa plain a large annular caldera-like geomorphologic structure was discovered. This structure has almost the dimensions of Plato's capital of Atlantis and is covered with hundreds of large and small prehistoric ruins of different types. These ruins were made out of rocks coloured red, white and black. Hübner also shows possible harbour remains, an unusually geomorphological structure, which applies to Plato's description of "roofed over docks, which were cut into red, white and black bedrock". These 'docks' are located close to the annular geomorphological structure and close to Cape Ghir, which was named Cape Heracles in antiquity. Hübner also argued that Agadir is etymologically related to the semitic 1057:, known internationally as "Le Danois Bank" and locally as "The Cachucho". It is located about 25 kilometers from the continental shelf and about 60 km off the coast of Asturias, and Lastres between Ribadesella. Its top is now 425 meters below the sea. It is 50 kilometers from east to west and 18 km from north to south. Ribero-Meneses hypothesized that is part of the continental margin that broke off at least 12000 years ago as the result of tectonic processes that occurred at the end of the last ice age. He argues that they created a tsunami with waves with heights of hundreds of meters and that the few survivors had to start virtually from scratch. 864: 123: 266:. Separated from the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea either partly or completely dried up as the result of evaporation. As a result, its formerly submerged bottom turned into a desert with large saline and brackish lakes. This whole area was flooded when a ridge collapsed allowing the catastrophic flooding through the Straits of Gibraltar. However, Sarmast disagrees with mainstream geologists, oceanographers, and paleontologists in arguing that the closing of the Straits of Gibraltar; the 754: 613:), both of the 16th century, later by José Pellicer de Ossau Salas y Tovar in 1673, who suggested that the metropolis of Atlantis was between the islands Mayor and Menor, located almost in the center of the Doñana Marshes, and expanded upon by Juan Fernández Amador y de los Ríos in 1919, who suggested that the metropolis of Atlantis was located precisely where today are the 'Marismas de Hinojo'. These claims were made again in 1922 by the German author 513: 826: 19: 298:

4940, and 3420 ft) below sea level. Thus, these cores came from parts of sea bottom of the eastern Mediterranean Sea that either lie above or at the depth of Sarmast's Atlantis, which lies at depths between 1470 and 1510 meters (4820 and 4950 ft) below mean sea level. These cores provide a detailed and continuous record of sea level that demonstrates that for millions of years at least during the entire

855:. From 1974 onward, prehistoric artifacts of the area were mapped, finding an absence of prehistoric artifacts or Paleolithic or Neolithic stone tools from the structure's innermost depressions. Neither recognizable midden deposits nor manmade structures were found in the area, thus concluding that the area was used only for short-term hunting and stone tool manufacturing during prehistoric times. 1215: 435:) (2002), Francis Galea writes about several older studies and hypotheses, particularly that of Maltese architect Giorgio Grongnet, who in 1854 thought that the Maltese Islands are the remnants of Atlantis. However, in 1828, the same Giorgo Grongnet was involved in a scandal concerning forged findings which were intended to provide a "proof" for the claim that Malta was Atlantis. 746: 172: 275:

volcanism within the Cyprus Basin, eastern Mediterranean Sea, demonstrated that the features which Sarmast interprets to be Atlantis consist only of a natural compressional fold caused by local salt tectonics and a slide scar with surficial compressional folds at the downslope end and sides of the slide. This research collaborates seismic data shown and discussed in the

1472:(published in 2002). The second work theorized that Atlantis was to be found in Lesser Antarctica, near the coast of the Ross Ice Shelf. A geological theory known as "Earth Crust Displacement" forms the basis of their work. The Atlantis Blueprint uses both scientific and pseudoscientific (such as mere speculation and assumptions) means to back up the theory. 106: 2045:: King Italos = King Atlas of Atlantis? A contribution to the Sea Peoples, in: Stavros P. Papamarinopoulos (editor), Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on "The Atlantis Hypothesis" (ATLANTIS 2008), 10–11 November 2008 Athens/Greece, Publisher: Heliotopos Conferences / Heliotopos Ltd., Athens 2010; pp. 169-180. Cf. 1335: 2383:

Joseph Pellicer de Ossau Salas y Tovar (Spaniard). Aparato a la mvonarchia antigua de las Españas en los tres tiempos del mundo, el adelon, el mithico y el historico : primera parte... / por don Ioseph Pellicer de Ossau y Touar... (En Valençia : por Benito Macè..., 1673 (the first extensive

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sea level was 135 m below its current level, narrowing the Gibraltar Strait and creating a small half-enclosed sea measuring 70 km by 20 km between the Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean. The Spartel Bank formed an archipelago in this small sea with the largest island measuring about 10 to 12

663:" and "the temple of Cleito and Poseidon". On satellite images parts of several "rings" are recognizable, similar in their proportion with the ring system by Plato. It is not known if any of these shapes are natural or manmade and archaeological excavations are planned. Geologists have shown that the 1612:

Frost, K. T. (1913): "The Critias and Minoan Crete", in: Journal of Hellenic Studies 33 (1913) 189-206. Balch, E. S. (1917): "Atlantis or Minoan Crete", in: The Geographical Review 3 (1917) 388-392. Marinatos, Spyridon (1950): "Peri ton Thrulon tes Atlantidos", in: Kretica Chronica 4 (1950) 195-213.

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stated that the Americas was Atlantis which at one time began from the straits of Gibraltar and extended westwards to include North and South America and that it was as a result of Plato that the new continent was discovered. He also said it had all the attributes of the continent described by Plato

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shorelines and sea level show that the Azores Islands have not subsided to any significant degree. Instead, they demonstrate that some of these islands have actually risen during the Late and Middle Pleistocene. This is evidenced by relict, Pleistocene wave-cut platforms and beach sediments that now

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experienced intense erosion from 4000 BC until the 9th century AD, where it became a marine environment. For thousands of years until the Medieval Age, all that occupied the area of the modern Marshes Doñana was a gulf or inland sea-arm, but there was not even a small island with sufficient space to

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between 5.59 and 5.33 million years ago. For example, research conducted south of Cyprus as part of Leg 160 of the Ocean Drilling Project recovered from Sites 963, 965, and 966 cores of sediments underlying the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea at depths as shallow as 470, 1506, and 1044 meters (1540,

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found that they have been uplifted throughout most of the Pleistocene and remained relatively stable without any significant subsidence since the last interglacial period. Finally, detailed studies of the sedimentary deposits surrounding the Canary Islands have demonstrated, except for a narrow rim

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Giresse, P.; Sao, O.; de Lumley, H. (2012). "Étude paléoenvironnementale des sédiments quaternaires du Guelb er Richât (Adrar de Mauritanie) en regard des sites voisins ou associés du Paléolithique inférieur. Discussion et perspectives" [Paleoenvironmental study of the Quaternary sediments of

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Sao, O.; Giresse, P.; de Lumley, H.; Faure, O.; Perrenoud, C.; Saos, T.; Rachid, M. O.; Touré, O. C. (2008). "Les environnements sédimentaires des gisements pré-acheuléens et acheuléens des wadis Akerdil et Bamouéré (Guelb er-Richât, Adrar, Mauritanie), une première approche" [The sedimentary

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in 1572 in his "History of the Incas", who by calculation of longitude stated that Atlantis must have stretched from within two leagues of the strait of Gibraltar westwards to include "all the rest of the land from the mouth of the Marañon (Amazon River) and Brazil to the South Sea, which is what

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in which Termier suggested "that the entire region north of the Azores and perhaps the very region of the Azores, of which they may be only the visible ruins, was very recently submerged", reporting evidence that an area of 40,000 sq. mi and possibly as large as 200,000 sq. mi. had sunk

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epochs that the feature that Sarmast interprets to be Atlantis and its adjacent sea bottom were always submerged below sea level. Therefore, the entire Cyprus Basin, including the ridge where Sarmast claims that Atlantis is located, has been submerged beneath the Mediterranean Sea for millions of

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Furthermore, the interpretation of the age and stratigraphy of sediments blanketing the bottom of the Cyprus Basin from sea bottom cores containing Pleistocene and older marine sediments and thousands of kilometers of seismic lines from the Cyprus and adjacent basins clearly demonstrates that the

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Perez-Torrado, J.F.; Santana, F.; Rodríguez-Santana, A.; Melian, A.M.; Lomostchitz, A.; Gimeno, D.; Cabrera, M.C.; Baez, M.C. (2002). "Reconstrucción paleogeográfica de los depósitos volcano-sedimentarios Pliocenos en el litoral NE de Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias) mediante métodos topográficos".

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and son (1669) which identified both North and South America as "Atlantis Insula", the eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean as "Oceanus Atlanticus" and the western part of the Atlantic Ocean plus the Pacific Ocean as "Atlanticum Pelagus". This edition was further embellished with features from the

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Detailed geomorphic and geologic studies of the Canary Islands clearly demonstrate that over the last 4 million years, they have been steadily uplifted, without any significant periods of subsidence, by geologic processes such as erosional unloading, gravitational unloading, lithospheric flexure

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Marine and other geologists, who have also studied the bottom of the Cyprus basin, and professional archaeologists completely disagree with his interpretations. Investigations by Dr. C. Hübscher of the Institut für Geophysik, Universität Hamburg, Germany, and others of the salt tectonics and mud

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many scholars believed that Atlantis was either a metaphor for teaching philosophy, or just attributed the story to Plato without connecting the island with a real location. When Columbus returned from his voyage to the west historians began identifying the Americas with Atlantis. The first was

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comments on the discrepancies in Collina-Girard's dates and use of coincidences, concluding that he "has certainly succeeded in throwing some light upon some momentous developments in human prehistory in the area west of Gibraltar. Just as certainly, however, he has not found Plato's Atlantis."

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oceanographers, and paleontologists argue in claiming that "Scientists know that roughly 18,000 years ago, there was not just one Mediterranean Sea, but three." However, he does not specify who these scientists are; nor does he cite peer-reviewed scientific literature that supports this claim.

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and subaerial exposure of the floor of the Mediterranean Sea; and its catastrophic flooding has occurred "forty times or more times in its long and turbulent existence" and that "the age of each of these events is unknown." In the same interview, he also contradicts what mainstream geologists,

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and local place names and festivals (Kataklysmos), support his identification of Cyprus as once being part of Atlantis. As with many other theories concerning the location of Atlantis, Sarmast speculates that its destruction by catastrophic flooding is reflected in the story of Noah's Flood in

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invented to describe his fictitious ideal state in the case of war. Kühne suggests that Plato has used three different historical elements for this tale. (i) Greek tradition on Mycenaean Athens for the description of ancient Athens, (ii) Egyptian records on the wars of the Sea Peoples for the

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Detailed studies of the geology of the Le Danois Bank region have refuted the hypothesis proposed by Jorge Maria Ribero-Meneses that the Le Danois Bank was created by the collapse of the northern Cantabrian continental margin about 12,000 years ago. The Le Danois Bank represents part of the

879:". Plato remarked that, in describing the origins of Atlantis, this area was allotted to Poseidon. In Ancient Greek times the terms "Ocean" and "Atlas" both referred to the 'Giant Water' which surrounded the main landmass known at that time by the Greeks, which could be described as 1399:

they now call America." He thought the sunken part to be now in the Atlantic Ocean but that it was from this sunken part that the original Indians had come to populate Peru via one continuous land mass. He says that South America was also known by the name of the Isla Atlanticus.

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Acosta, J.; Uchupi, E.; Munoz, A.; Herranz, P.; Palomo, C.; Ballesteros, M. (2003). "Geologic evolution of the Canarian Islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and La Gomera and comparison of landslides at these islands with those at Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro".

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Ercilla, G.; Casas, D.; Estrada, F.; Vázquez, J.T.; Iglesias, J.; García, M.; Gómez, M.; Acosta, J.; Gallart, J.; Maestro-González, A.; Team, Marconi (2008). "Morphsedimentary features and recent depositional architectural model of the Cantabrian continental margin".

1028:, which become progressively older with increasing elevation, on Fuerteventura indicate that it has risen in elevation at about 1.7 cm per thousand years for the past one million years. The elevation of the marine terrace for the highstand of sea level for the 940:

The Azores are steep-sided volcanic seamounts that drop rapidly 1000 meters (about 3300 feet) to a plateau. Cores taken from the plateau and other evidence shows that this area has been an undersea plateau for millions of years. Ancient indicators, i.e.

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An American architect, Robert Sarmast, claims that Atlantis lies at the bottom of the eastern Mediterranean within the Cyprus Basin. In his book and on his web site, he argues that images prepared from sonar data of the sea bottom of the Cyprus Basin southeast of

362:. Starting from the hill next to Santadi, it's possible to see the perfectly circular development of all the town planning. He has also said there are also many toponymic references to the myth of Atlantis, including the two hot and cold water sources placed by 581:. An earthquake caused a fracture, which allowed the Caspian Sea to flood across the fertile plains of Atlantis. Simultaneously the earthquake caused the vast farmlands of Atlantis to sink, forming the present day Sea of Azov, the shallowest sea in the world. 2537:

Paleogeografía de las costas atlánticas de Andalucía durante el Holoceno medio-superior : prehistoria reciente, protohistoria y fases históricas / Francisco Borja Barrera En: Tartessos : 25 años después, 1968–1993 : Jerez de la Frontera, 1995,

883:(although this whole supercontinent was far from completely known to the Ancient Greeks), and thus this water mass was considered to be the 'end of the (known) world', for the same reason the name "Atlas" was given to the mountains near the Ocean, the 3434:"Cantabria cuna de la Humanidad", 1985. "Sant'Ander es Bizcaya, la fuente de la vida". "El verdadero origen de los vascos, la primera humanidad". "El origen cantábrico del homo sapiens". "El euskera madre del castellano" "Genealogical Tree Language" 1326:("all-land-ice") and refers to the last Ice-Age. Thus in the Bock family saga it's more a time period than an exact geographical place. According to this the Atlantis disappeared in 8016 BC when the Ice-Age ended in Finland and the ice melted away. 3851:(Hispania Victrix; First and Second Parts of the General History of the Indies, with the whole discovery and notable things that have happened since they were acquired until the year 1551, with the conquest of Mexico and New Spain), Zaragoza 1552 471:

in Asia Minor, which was (in a similar tradition known to the Greeks) said to have been destroyed by an earthquake; that the legend of Atlantis' conquests in the Mediterranean is based on the revolution by King Madduwattas of Zippasla against

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Hernandez-Molina, F.J.; Iglesias, J.; Rooij, D. Van; Ercilla, G.; Gómez-Ballesteros, M.; Casas, D.; Llave, E. (2008). "The Le Danois Contourite Depositional System: an exceptional record of the MOW circulation off the North Iberian margin".

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Juan Fernández Amador de los Ríos (Spaniard). Antigüedades ibéricas / por Juan Fernández Amador de los Rios. Pamplona : Nemesio Aramburu, 1911. (first part about the Atlantis in Iberia, with the hypothesis about Doñana, Sea Peoples,

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Atlantis legend by his son Guillaume Sanson including the names of the ten kings of Atlantis with Atlas' portion being in Mexico. Sanson's map supposedly showed what the earth looked like 200,000 years before there were any humans on it.

704:(Year Zero). The origin of Collina-Girard's hypothesis is disputed, with Díaz-Montexano claiming it as plagiarism of his own earlier hypothesis, and Collina-Girard denying any plagiarism. Both individuals claim the other's hypothesis is 1201:

culture, based on their similar geographic extent, and deduced that the island of Atlantis then must correspond to Ireland. Erlingsson found the similarities of size and landscape to be statistically significant, while he rejected his

3193:

Menendez, I.; Silva, P.G.; Martín-Betancor, M.; Perez-Torrado, F.J.; Guillou, H.; Scaillet, S. (2009). "Fluvial dissection, isostatic uplift, and geomorphological evolution of volcanic islands (Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain)".

354:. Atlantis would be the bathymetrically submerged island whose plateaus form what we know as the islands of Sardinia and Corsica outside the surface of the water. The capital would have its center on a hill near the small town of 3241:

Meco, J.; Scaillet, S.; Guillou, H.; Lomoschitz, A.; Carracedo, J.C.; Ballester, J.; Betancort, J.-F.; Cilleros, A. (2007). "Evidence for long-term uplift on the Canary Islands from emergent Mio–Pliocene littoral deposits".

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According to Michael Hübner, Atlantis' core region was located in South-West Morocco at the Atlantic Ocean. In his papers, an approach to the analysis of Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias is described. By means of a

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Werner Wickboldt: Locating the capital of Atlantis by strict observation of the text by Plato. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on "The Atlantis Hypothesis: Searching for a Lost Land" (Milos island 2005)

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city of Tartessos may have been built at the site of the ruined Atlantis. In 2000, Georgeos Diaz-Montexano published an article explaining his theory that Atlantis was located somewhere between Andalusia and Morocco.

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Andrews, P. B. S. (1967): "Larger than Africa and Asia?", in: Greece and Rome 14 (1967) 76-79, Galanopoulos, Angelos G. (1960): On the Location and Size of Atlantis, in: Praktika Akademia Athenai 35 (1960) 401-418.

573:. The theory proposes that the Dialogues of Plato present an accurate account of geological events, which occurred in 9,600 BC, in the Black Sea-Mediterranean Corridor. Glacial melt-waters, at the end of the 1104:, cover large parts of Le Danois Bank, and fill the basin separating it from the Cantabrian continental margin demonstrate that this bank has been submerged beneath the Bay of Biscay for millions of years. 496:. He both agrees and disagrees with Rainer W. Kühne: He too believes that the Trojans-Atlanteans were the sea peoples, but only a minor part of them. He proposes that all Greek speaking city states of the 1514:

argues for the Earth Crustal Displacement theory in general, and the Atlantis/Antarctica connection specifically, then goes on to propose archaeological exploration of Antarctica in search of Atlantis.

1016:, have been uplifted between 46 and 143 meters above sea level. Also, marine deposits associated with lavas dated as being 4.1 and 9.3 million years old in Gran Canaria, ca. 4.8 million years old in 3082:

Dennielou, B.; Auffret, G.A.; Boelaert, A.; Richter, T.; Garlan, T.; Kerbrat, R. (1999). "Control of the mid-Atlantic ridge and the Gulf Stream over Quaternary sedimentation on the Azores Plateau".

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show features resembling man-made structures on it at depths of 1,500 meters. He interprets these features as being artificial structures that are part of the lost city of Atlantis as described by

1391:

yet at the same time mentioned that the ancient peoples crossed over by a route from the island of Atlantis. Zarate also mentions that the 9,000 "years" of Plato were 9,000 "months" (750 years).

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In part, Sarmast bases his theory that Atlantis can be found offshore of Cyprus beneath 0.9 mile (1.5 km) of water on an abundance of evidence that the Mediterranean Sea dried up during the

1360:), where he argues that Scandinavia, specifically Sweden, is identical with Atlantis. According to Rudbeck the capital city of Atlantis was identical to the ancient burial site of Swedish kings 3487:

Fugenschuh, B.; Froitzheim, N.; Capdevila, R.; Boillot, G. (2003). "Offshore granulites from the Bay of Biscay margins: fission tracks constrain a Proterozoic to Tertiary thermal history".

3702: 3289:"Raised marine sequences of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura revisited – a reappraisal of relative sea-level changes and vertical movements in the eastern Canary Islands during the Quaternary" 2858:

Monod, T. (1975). "Trois gisements à galets aménagés dans l'Adrar mauritanien (Sahara occidental)" [Three pebble deposits developed in the Mauritanian Adrar (Western Sahara)].

899:, a group of islands belonging to Portugal located about 900 miles (1500 km) west of the Portuguese coast. Some people believe the islands could be the mountain tops of Atlantis. 1024:

demonstrate that the Canary Islands have for millions of years undergone long term uplift without any significant, much less catastrophic, subsidence. A series of raised, Pleistocene

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when its level dropped by 2 to 3 miles (3.2 to 4.9 km) below the level of the Atlantic Ocean as the result of tectonic uplift blocking the inflow of water through the Strait of

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around 3100 BC. Such changes would be readily detectable to modern science, however, and Dunbavin's claims are considered pseudo-scientific at best within the scientific community.

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description of the war of the Atlanteans, and (iii) oral tradition from Syracuse about Tartessos for the description of the city and geography of Atlantis." According to Wickboldt,

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around 1200 BC, only to partially re-emerge during the Iron Age. Ulf Erlingsson hypothesized that the island that sank referred to Dogger Bank, and the city itself referred to the

1924:

Calon, T.J.; Aksu, A.E.; Hall, J. (2005). "The Neogene evolution of the Outer Latakia Basin and its extension into the Eastern Mesaoria Basin (Cyprus), Eastern Mediterranean".

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Hall, J.; Calon, T.J.; Aksu, A.E.; Meade, S.R. (2005). "Structural evolution of the Latakia Ridge and Cyprus Basin at the front of the Cyprus Arc, Eastern Mediterranean Sea".

2220: 544:. They gave no explanation how the ships of the merchants coming from all over the world had arrived at the harbour of Atlantis when it was 350 feet below global sea-level. 1648: 1167:, Britain. The BBC stated that Little Sole Bank, a relatively shallow area, was believed by the team to be the capital of Atlantis. This may have been based on the myth of 692:

Jacques Collina-Girard. The lesser-known hypothesis was first published by Spanish-Cuban investigator Georgeos Díaz-Montexano in an April 2000 issue of Spanish magazine

930:(1) "that the Azores are volcanic islands and are not the remnants of a more or less large continental mass, for they are not composed of rocks seen on the continents"; 2555:

Collina-Girard, Jacques (2001): "L'Atlantide devant le détroit de Gibraltar? Mythe et géologie", in: Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences (2a) 333 (2001) 233-240.

621:, and Elena Wishaw in the 1920s. The suggested locations in Andalusia lie outside the Pillars of Hercules, and therefore beyond but close to the Mediterranean itself. 933:(2) "that the tachylytes dredged up from the Atlantic to the north of the Azores were in all probability formed where they are now, at the bottom of the ocean"; and 343:" via the Middle Egyptian language, and Plato's descriptions of the island and the city of Atlantis share several traits with Sardinia and its Bronze Age culture. 2149: 416:

published a short compendium detailing the theory that Malta was the location of Atlantis. His theory was inspired by the discovery of the megalithic temples of

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Huang, T.C.; Watkins, N.D.; Wilson, L. (1979). "Deep-sea tephra from the Azores during the past 300,000 years: eruptive cloud height and ash volume estimates".

4155: 1728:

Clauzon, G.; Suc, J.-P.; Gautier, F.; Berger, A.; Loutre, M.-F. (1996). "Alternate interpretation of the Messinian salinity crisis: Controversy resolved?".

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Matton, Guillaume; Jébrak, Michel (September 2014). "The 'eye of Africa' (Richat dome, Mauritania): An isolated Cretaceous alkaline–hydrothermal complex".

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environments of the pre-Acheulean and Acheulean deposits of the Akerdil and Bamouéré wadis (Guelb er-Richât, Adrar, Mauritania), a first approach].

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A. Rodriguez-Ramirez et al., Recent coastal evolution of the Doñana National Park (SW Spain), in: Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 15 (1996) pp.803 -809

1623: 2428:, March–April of the 2000 (nº 134), where was published a report about the Georgeos Díaz-Montexano's theory of Atlantis between Andalusia and Morocco. 716:

kilometers across. With rising ocean levels the island began to slowly shrink, but then at around 9400 BC (11,400 years ago) there was an accelerated

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Zangger, Eberhard (1993): "Plato's Atlantis Account – A Distorted Recollection of the Trojan War", in: Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18 (1993) 77-87

1790:, 107 MB PDF version, Historical Productions-Hall, Jerusalem, Israel. 826 p. Additional PDF files of a related book and maps can be downloaded from 311:

years. Since its formation, the sea bottom feature identified by Sarmast as "Atlantis" has always been submerged beneath over a kilometer of water.

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Guelb er Richât (Adrar of Mauritania) in relation to neighboring or associated sites from the Lower Paleolithic. Discussion and perspectives].

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was Atlantis was particularly fashionable during the 1960s and 1970s, spurred on partly both by the isolation of the continent, and also the

532:. Before 5500 BC, a great plain lay in the northwest at a former freshwater-lake. In 5510 BC, rising sea level topped the barrier at today's 4097: 2073:

Le Colonne d'Ercole: un'inchiesta, come, quando e perché la frontiera di Herakles/Milqart, dio dell'Occidente slittò per sempre a Gibilterra

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procedure, a variety of geographically relevant indications from Plato's accounts are used to infer the most probable location of Plato's

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about hubris, researchers have speculated about real natural disasters that could have served as inspiration. Additionally, many works of

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Zazo, C.; Goy, J.L.; Dabrio, C.J.; Soler, V.; Hillaire-Marcel, CL.; Ghaleb, B.; Gonzalez-Delgado, J.A.; Bardajıf, T.; Cabero, A. (2007).

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lowstands of sea level, a complete lack of any evidence for the ocean floor surrounding the Canary Islands having ever been above water.

875:, he may have been speaking of the area now called the Atlantic Ocean. The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of 516:

The rectangle has dimensions of approximately 555 km by 370 km (3000 to 2000 stadia – plain of Atlantis). The circle is around

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constituted the sea peoples and that they destroyed each other's economies in a series of semi-fratricidal wars lasting several decades.

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A number of classical scholars have proposed that Plato's inspiration for the story came from the earthquake and tsunami which destroyed

1547:. Warren believed all these mythical lands were folk memories of a former inhabited far northern seat where man was originally created. 1490:

layer rapidly up to a distance of 2,000 miles, placing Atlantis in Antarctica, when considering the movements of the crust in the past.

974: 4074: 4050: 2569: 2133: 1907:

Proceedings Ocean Drilling Program Initial Reports no. 160. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

2162: 601:, which disappeared in the 6th century BC. The Tartessians were traders known to the Ancient Greeks who knew of their legendary king 3936: 3832: 3809: 3761: 3685: 3625: 3598: 2945: 2588: 2543: 2295: 2205: 1770: 1711: 1159:

On December 29, 1997, the BBC reported that a team of Russian scientists believed they found Atlantis in the ocean 100 miles off of

659:

show two rectangular shapes on the tops of two small elevations inside the marsh of Doñana which he hypothesizes are the "temple of

1652: 936:(3) "that there are no known geologic data that prove or even help to prove the existence of Plato's Atlantis in historic times." 3102: 480:, where Greek tradition placed Tantalis; and that the now vanished lake to the north of Mount Sipylus was the site of the city. 289:, this documentary demonstrated techniques that what Sarmast interpreted to be artificial walls are natural tectonic landforms. 2717:

Vycichl, W. (July 1952). "Punischer Spracheinfluss im Berberischen" [Punic language influence in the Berber language].

1803: 1380: 1306:

located Atlantis in the Baltic sea, at southern part of Finland where he claimed a small community of people lived during the

632:

also claimed this to be the location of Atlantis. Wickboldt suggested that the war of the Atlanteans refers to the war of the

335:

The concept of the identification of Atlantis with the island of Sardinia is the idea that the Italians were involved in the

3103:"Volcanic gaps and subaerial records of palaeo-sea-levels on Flores Island, Azores: Tectonic and morphological implications" 1061:

continental margin that have been uplifted by thrust faulting when the continental margin overrode oceanic crust during the

3615: 809:

fortification' and 'sheep fold'. The meaning of 'enclosure', 'sheep fold' corresponds to the Greek translation of the name

130:

Most theories of the placement of Atlantis center on the Mediterranean, influenced largely by the geographical location of

1765:

Stanley, D.J., and F.-C. Wezel, 1985, "Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin" Springer-Verlag, New York. 589 p.

1441:, which purportedly shows Antarctica as it would be ice free, suggesting human knowledge of that period. Flavio Barbiero, 1032:

shows that this island has experienced neither subsidence nor significant uplift for the past 125,000 years. Within the

1318:" that he claimed had been told in his family through the ages, dating back to the development of language itself. The 3468:

Viejo, G.F.; Suarez, J.G. (2005). "The ESCI-N Project after a decade: A synthesis of the results and open questions".

1527:(1833–1929) wrote a book promoting his theory that the original centre of mankind once sat at the North Pole entitled 406: 188: 1053:

According to Jorge Maria Ribero-Meneses, Atlantis was in northern Spain. He specifically argues that Atlantis is the

413: 409:, is considered a possible location of Atlantis both by some current researchers and by Maltese amateur enthusiasts. 3287:

Zazo, C.; Goy, J.L.; Hillaire-Marcel, C.; Gillot, P.Y.; Soler, V.; Gonzalez, J.A.; Dabrio, C.J.; Ghaleb, B. (2002).

921:, in a paper called "Atlantis and the permanency of the North Atlantic Ocean bottom" (1917), discussed a lecture by 4145: 1627: 1479: 1375: 1092:

that simultaneously formed as a result of normal faulting associated with the thrust faulting. In addition, marine

1088:

marine sediments. The basin separating the Le Danois Bank from the Cantabrian continental margin to the south is a

863: 774:

plain in today's South-West Morocco. This plain is surrounded by the High Atlas, the Anti-Atlas, the Sea of Atlas (

728: 366:: the cold water source of Zinnigas, which still remains today also in the name of the "Castello d'Acquafredda" di 3914: 1395: 610: 294: 259: 196: 1749: 175:

Satellite image of the Island of Thera, also called Santorini. Clockwise from center: Nea Kameni; Palea Kameni;

4135: 3881:(History of the Incas) Peru 1572 and Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores, 1943. trans. by Clements Markham, (1907) as 1524: 1507: 517: 156: 3068: 2177: 113:

dissecting the world and revealing the secret location of Atlantis (which he believed to be hidden in Sweden).

2671:"Evidence for a Large Prehistoric Settlement in a Caldera-Like Geomorphologic Structure in Southwest Morocco" 2460: 847:

has also been proposed as the site of Atlantis. This structure is generally considered to be a deeply eroded

644:

An Andalusian location was also supported by Rainer Walter Kühne in his article that appeared in the journal

3791: 2100:

Atlantide è il blocco continentale Sardo-Corso sommerso durante i Meltwater Pulse: Dopo l'ultima glaciazione

1149: 664: 448: 200: 122: 1294:

links the origins of the Atlanteans to the end of the ice age and the flooding of eastern coastal Denmark.

973:

The Canary Islands have been identified as remnants of Atlantis by numerous authors. For example, in 1803,

4140: 1418: 1037: 962: 955: 213: 3896: 559:

shell around 5500 BC, which would suit the red, white, black motif. The geocatastrophic event led to the

2311: 2042: 684:, as the location of Atlantis. The more well-known hypothesis was proposed in a September 2001 issue of 651: 286: 281: 247: 4022:

Interpreting the Timaeus-Critias, Proceedings of the IV. Symposium Platonicum in Granada September 1995

3330: 2656:"Circumstantial evidence for Plato's Island Atlantis in the Souss-Massa plain in today's South-Morocco" 1843: 512: 3727: 3154: 1402:

It first appeared as the Atlantic Island (Insula Atlantica) on a map of the New World by cartographer

3540: 3496: 3401: 3345: 3303: 3251: 3117: 3029: 2974: 2933: 2832: 1968: 1933: 1858: 1737: 1576: 1487: 1446: 1403: 1387: 922: 900: 163:, that is, before Alexander the Great connected the island to mainland Egypt by building a causeway. 23: 3153:

Hildenbrand, Anthony; Weis, Dominique; Madureira, Pedro; Ornelas Marques, Fernando (December 2014).

2761: 753: 4150: 3586: 2685:

Proceedings of the International Conference on "The Atlantis Hypothesis: Searching for a Lost Land"

1307: 778:, today's Atlantic Ocean). Because of this isolated position, Hübner argued, this plain was called 712: 681: 646: 537: 497: 83: 2463:" (ed. S. A. Paipetis), Series: History of Mechanism and Machine Science, Vol. 6, Springer, 2008, 1494:

was one of the few voices to answer Hapgood's theory. Einstein wrote a preface for Hapgood's book

327:

is the inspiration for Plato's Atlantis is also supported by Dora Katsonopoulou and Steven Soter.

4105: 4084: 3512: 3417: 2742: 2734: 2143: 1884: 1682: 1054: 1033: 721: 339:

movement (a similar story to Plato's account), that the name "Atlas" may have been derived from "

135: 75: 71: 50: 44: 1912: 2615: 4130: 4070: 4046: 4025: 3932: 3828: 3805: 3757: 3681: 3621: 3594: 3002: 2941: 2803: 2782: 2776: 2539: 2464: 2408: 2360: 2291: 2244: 2201: 2129: 2104: 2077: 2003: 1908: 1766: 1707: 946: 918: 876: 775: 650:. Kühne's theory says: "Good fiction imitates facts. Plato declared that his Atlantis tale is 402: 367: 67: 2797: 1787: 1246:

around 8200BP (6200BC), caused by a submarine landslide off the coast of Norway known as the

3548: 3504: 3409: 3375: 3353: 3311: 3267: 3259: 3203: 3170: 3162: 3133: 3125: 3064: 3037: 2992: 2982: 2915: 2887: 2840: 2726: 2281: 1976: 1941: 1866: 1745: 1267: 1126: 840: 829: 629: 489: 222: 3020:

Ryall, J.C.; Blanchard, M.-C.; Medioli (1983). "A subsided island west of Flores, Azores".

2573: 2505: 4089: 1844:"Salt tectonics and mud volcanism in the Latakia and Cyprus Basins, eastern Mediterranean" 1491: 1483: 1475: 1442: 1383:, who in 1552 thought that what Columbus had discovered was the Atlantic Island of Plato. 1203: 1198: 884: 783: 656: 606: 184: 151: 2592: 2568:

María Fdez-Valmayor (Secretary and sentimental partner of Diaz-Montexano in those time).

2197: 1902: 1156:

claimed that the ancient traditions of Britain and Ireland contain memories of Atlantis.

421: 3952: 3544: 3500: 3405: 3374:

Proceedings Ocean Drilling Project, Scientific Results. no. 157, College Station, Texas

3349: 3307: 3255: 3121: 3033: 2978: 2836: 2699: 2481: 2340: 1972: 1937: 1862: 1741: 1036:, the detailed mapping and dating of 16 Pleistocene marine terraces and Pliocene marine 825: 3288: 2997: 2962: 2236: 1532: 1511: 1450: 1407: 1247: 1025: 982: 896: 852: 848: 717: 625: 614: 242:. According to his ideas, several characteristics of Cyprus, including the presence of 79: 18: 4043:

The Literary Perspective – The Sources and Literary Form of Plato's Atlantis Narrative

3315: 3129: 2060:

Thorwald C. Franke: Mit Herodot auf den Spuren von Atlantis, Norderstedt 2006 (German)

1001:, also identified the Canary Islands as part of Atlantis left over from when it sank. 926:

10,000 feet below the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. Schuchert's conclusion was:

711:

Collina-Girard's hypothesis states that during the most recent Glacial Maximum of the

4124: 3516: 3508: 3421: 2844: 2746: 2285: 2240: 1791: 1786:

Hall, J.K., V.A. Krasheninnikov, F. Hirsch, C. Benjamini, and C. Flexer, eds., 2005,

1457: 1438: 1414: 1362: 1349: 1338: 1160: 1152:

believed that Great Britain was the location of Atlantis and the Scottish journalist

1017: 705: 618: 574: 477: 146: 110: 63: 3357: 3263: 2670: 2655: 1262:

coast by the author Jürgen Spanuth, who postulates that it was destroyed during the

4055: 4038: 3929:

The Atlantis Blueprint: Unlocking the Ancient Mysteries of a Long-Lost Civilization

3207: 2938:

The Atlantis Blueprint: Unlocking the Ancient Mysteries of a Long-Lost Civilization

2778:

Meet Me in Atlantis: Across Three Continents in Search of the Legendary Sunken City

2046: 1811: 1580: 1499: 1465: 1291: 1153: 1013: 994: 958:

at elevations of 15–20, 35–45, ~100, and ~250 meters above current sea level.

942: 602: 521: 323:

in 373 BC, just a few years before he wrote the relevant dialogues. The claim that

3993:"Paradise Found: Part Fourth: Chapter I. Ancient Cosmology and Mythical Geography" 520:(potential candidate for the capital of Atlantis), located 35 km east of the 3552: 3379: 3372:

LEG 157—Scientific Results, Gran Canaria and Madeira Abyssal Plain Sites 950-956.

3166: 2919: 2891: 2182:, Maltese website devoted to proving that Malta is Atlantis. Retrieved 2011-05-08 2098: 2071: 1980: 1945: 3992: 3968: 2630: 1870: 1556: 1319: 1314:

which brought warm water to the Finnish coast. This is a small part of a large "

1311: 1251: 1235: 1101: 1070: 1009: 950: 904: 771: 633: 597:

is a region in modern-day southern Spain which once included the "lost" city of

578: 570: 548: 417: 336: 303: 267: 218: 3647: 1788:"Geological framework of the Levant, Volume II: the Levantine Basin and Israel" 1214: 105: 3413: 1544: 1536: 1531:(1885). In this work Warren placed Atlantis at the North Pole, as well as the 1503: 1434: 1271: 1263: 1255: 1239: 1187: 1134: 880: 844: 833: 745: 171: 160: 99: 55: 34:

There are several hypotheses about real-world events that could have inspired

3703:"The catastrophic final flooding of Doggerland by the Storegga Slide tsunami" 3617:

Curing Hiccups with Small Fires: A Delightful Miscellany of Great British ...

2007: 907:, was perhaps the first one to talk about this possible location in his book 636:

who attacked the Eastern Mediterranean countries around 1200 BC and that the

555:

stone that used to be a cash equivalent at that time and was replaced by the

3591:

Atlantis of the West: The Case For Britain's Drowned Megalithic Civilization

2439: 1421:

also identified America with Atlantis; Janus Joannes Bircherod said in 1663

1227: 1219: 1195: 1122: 1119:

Atlantis of the West: The Case For Britain's Drowned Megalithic Civilization

1085: 1073: 1062: 1021: 689: 598: 594: 560: 556: 529: 263: 176: 3370:

Weaver, P.P.E., H.-U. Schmincke, J. V. Firth, and W. Duffield, eds., 1998,

3006: 1464:; the theory was revised and made more specific in Rand's work with author 1230:

is known to contain lands that were once above water; the medieval town of

912: 605:. The Andalusian hypothesis was originally developed by the Spanish author 183:

The story of Atlantis has been argued to preserve a cultural memory of the

2589:"Atlantis Insider: Brief Reviews of the Latest in the Search for Atlantis" 2334: 2332: 528:

German researchers Siegfried and Christian Schoppe locate Atlantis in the

3444: 1842:

Hübscher, C.; Tahchi, E.; Klaucke, I.; Maillard, A.; Sahling, H. (2009).

1303: 1168: 1164: 1138: 1097: 1093: 1077: 1012:, which solidified underwater and now exposed on the northeast flanks of 1006: 660: 637: 552: 541: 533: 473: 468: 371: 363: 359: 347: 307: 299: 59: 39: 4110: 4093: 2987: 1686: 1179:

The idea of Atlantis being located in Ireland was presented in the book

492:

has proposed the hypothesis that Atlantis was in fact the city state of

217:

that Atlantis was the "Copaic drainage complex and its civilization" in

3272: 3175: 1259: 1243: 1231: 1191: 1081: 1066: 1042: 986: 954:

lie well above current sea level. For example, they have been found on

787: 696:(Beyond Science), and later in August 2001 issues of Spanish magazines 677: 501: 467:

as Plato states; that Atlantis is identical with Tantalis, the city of

387: 386:" (Upper hotwater and Down hotwater), which are small villages next to 355: 351: 3138: 2738: 1334: 1194:

University. It hypothesized that the empire of Atlantis refers to the

993:, are what remained after Atlantis broke up. Many later authors, i.e. 401:, being situated in the dividing line between the western and eastern 374:

in three neighborhoods next to the small town of nuxis, still called "

3954:

Earth's shifting crust: A key to some basic problems of earth science

3795: 1540: 1275: 1184: 1121:(2003), Paul Dunbavin argues that a large island once existed in the 1089: 1029: 1005:

induced by adjacent islands, and volcanic underplating. For example,

990: 911:(1882). Ignatius L. Donnelly also makes a connection to the mythical 340: 324: 320: 243: 235: 87: 3041: 2967:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States

2022: 1315: 211:

The classicist Robert L. Scranton argued in an article published in

3331:"Quaternary marine terraces on Sal Island (Cape Verde archipelago)" 2730: 455:, identifies Atlantis with the kingdom of Zippasla. He argues that 4079: 3824:

Fakta eller fantasier: föreställningar i vetenskapens gränstrakter

1704:

Discovery of Atlantis: The Startling Case for the Island of Cyprus

1333: 1213: 1130: 824: 752: 744: 511: 464: 460: 456: 398: 383: 379: 375: 239: 192: 170: 131: 121: 104: 91: 35: 2384:

study about Atlantis in Iberia, with the hypothesis about Doñana)

70:

treat the story as fact, offering reinterpretations which tie to

4045:, in: Edwin S. Ramage (ed.), Atlantis – Fact or Fiction? 49–78. 2963:"Atlantis and the permanency of the North Atlantic Ocean bottom" 1181:

Atlantis from a Geographer's Perspective: Mapping the Fairy Land

961:

Three tectonic plates intersect among the Azores, the so-called

493: 95: 22:

A map showing the supposed extent of the Atlantean Empire. From

2237:

The Atlantis-Malta Hoax of Fortia d'Urban and Grognet from 1828

569:, by Flying Eagle and Whispering Wind, locates Atlantis in the 2700:"Large prehistoric settlement in Southwest Morocco discovered" 1901:

Emeis, K.-C., A.H.F. Robertson, C. Richter, and others, 1996,

1529:

Paradise Found: The Cradle of the Human Race at the North Pole

1498:, published in 1958. This theory is particularly popular with 1250:, and prehistoric human remains have been dredged up from the 1238:, for example, crumbled into the sea. The land area known as " 2315: 1278:

once existed in the North Sea, but was destroyed in 2194 BC.

370:(Coldwater Castle), and the hot water source, present in the 225:-era drainage complex and subterranean channels in the lake. 221:, Boeotia. Modern archaeological discoveries have revealed a 3155:"Recent plate re-organization at the Azores Triple Junction" 2506:"Search for Tartessos-Atlantis in the Donana National Park" 1994:

Giovannini, A. (1985). "Peut-on démythifier l'Atlantide?".

1750:

10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0363:aiotms>2.3.co;2

1222:, which has also been suggested as the location of Atlantis 1523:

The professor of systematic theology at Boston University

3911:"Atlantis Insula, à Nicolao Sanson Antiquitati Restituta" 3069:

10.1130/0016-7606(1979)90<131:DTFTAD>2.0.CO;2

617:, and further propagated by Otto Jessen, Richard Hennig, 285:, a History Channel documentary television series. Using 78:. While Plato's story explicitly locates Atlantis in the 3862:

Historia del descubrimiento y conquista del Perú (1556)

2459:

Rainer W. Kühne: "Did Ulysses Travel to Atlantis?" in: "

2312:"Mạng Máy Tính – Phần Mềm – Internet – Wifi – Thủ Thuật" 2247:, in: The Philological Museum Vol. 2 / 1833; pp. 457-467 1453:

are some of the popular authors who made this proposal.

1069:

periods. Along the northern edge of the Le Danois Bank,

3445:"(Investigaciones Jorge María Ribero-Meneses San José)" 3086:. Série II. Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes. 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1406:

in 1540 and again on the map titled Atlantis Insula by

1129:

was partially drowned by rising sea levels caused by a

1125:

and that this island was Atlantis. He argues that this

895:

One of the suggested places for Atlantis is around the

887:, as they also denoted the 'end of the (known) world'. 577:

Ice Age caused a dramatic rise in the sea level of the

126:

Hypothesized locations of Atlantis in the Mediterranean

2339:

Siegfried Schoppe and Christian Schoppe (2004-08-12).

2287:

The Flood from Heaven: Deciphering the Atlantis Legend

1886:

Claimed Discovery of Atlantis Called 'Completely Bogus

1673:

Scranton, R. L. (1949). "Lost Atlantis found again?".

1482:

theory". Hapgood's theory suggests that Earth's outer

439:

North-East of Egypt: From Middle East to the Black Sea

3188: 3186: 4067:

The Atlantis Story: A Short History of Plato's Myth.

790:(Berber) people actually call the Souss-Massa plain 782:, the Island of Atlas, by ancient Greeks before the 757:

Docks cut into red-white-black bedrock near Cap Ghir

3885:

UK, The Hakluyt Society, Cambridge University Press

2023:"Helike Foundation - Discoveries at Ancient Helike" 1897: 1895: 1761: 1759: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1242:", between England and Denmark, was inundated by a 979:

Essai sur les îles fortunées et l'antique Atlantide

459:did indeed gather the story on his travels, but in 3778:The Celts: The People Who Came Out of the Darkness 2570:"Atlantis in Gibraltar, between Iberia and Africa" 2402: 2400: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1394:This was also repeated and clarified by historian 1288:The Celts: The People Who Came Out of the Darkness 1080:sedimentary rocks have been thrust northward over 203:series the arguments for Akrotiri being Atlantis. 3726:Leake, Jonathan; Carpenter, Joanna (2007-09-02). 3463: 3461: 1804:"The Discovery of Atlantis Questions and Answers" 1322:tells the name Atlantis comes from Swedish words 871:It has been thought that when Plato wrote of the 346:Luigi Usai has claimed Atlantis could be beneath 2200:: Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. p. 989. 1706:. Origin Press, San Rafael, California. 195 pp. 1270:at the base of Dogger Bank. A book allegedly by 2563: 2561: 2259:The Sunken Kingdom. The Atlantis Mystery Solved 3868:trans by J.M. Cohen, Pub Penguin Classics 1968 3708:. Documenta Praehistorica XXXV. Archived from 1698: 1696: 1310:. According to Bock, this was possible due to 1254:. Atlantis itself has been identified besides 585:Around Gibraltar: Near the Pillars of Hercules 8: 2194:Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 2 G–Z 1904:ODP Leg 160 (Mediterranean I) Sites 963-973 563:diaspora in Europe, also beginning 5500 BC. 4060:End of Atlantis: New Light on an Old Legend 2614:. Vol. 722, no. 1. Archived from 293:Mediterranean Sea last dried up during the 2148:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 54:. While Plato's story was not part of the 3271: 3174: 3137: 3084:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 2996: 2986: 2629:Nesselrath, Heinz-Guenther (2009-09-23). 1206:that Plato invented Atlantis as fiction. 686:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 118:North-West of Egypt: From Greece to Spain 3957:. Pantheon Books. 1958. ASIN B0006AVEEU. 3931:. Delta; Reprint edition. May 28, 2002. 3728:"Britain's Atlantis under the North Sea" 3678:Atlantis from a Geographer's Perspective 862: 609:and the Dutch author Johannes van Gorp ( 277:Atlantis: New Revelations 2-hour Special 191:and affected some Minoan settlements on 17: 3701:Bernhard Weninger; et al. (2008). 3676:Erlingsson, Dr., Ulf (September 2004). 2631:"Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2009.09.64" 2461:Science and Technology in Homeric Epics 2103:(in Italian). Independently Published. 1568: 407:oldest man-made structures in the world 3057:Geological Society of America Bulletin 2687:. Stavros P. Papamarinopoulos, Athens. 2141: 969:Canary Islands, Madeira and Cape Verde 851:that overlies a still-buried alkaline 476:rule; that Zippasla is identical with 58:and his dialogues use it solely as an 2704:IC-Nachrichten 91 Institutum Canarium 1502:, and can be seen as a mirror of the 412:In the 19th century, the antiquarian 7: 2698:Hübner, Michael; Hübner, Sebastian. 2669:Hübner, Michael; Hübner, Sebastian. 1651:. History Channel UK. Archived from 764:hierarchical constraint satisfaction 4156:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact 4109:, translated by Benjamin Jowett at 3969:"Paradise Found: Index of Subjects" 3650:Russians seek Atlantis off Cornwall 1020:, and ca. 9.8 million years old in 680:, a submerged former island in the 3101:Azevedo, J.J.M.; Ferreira (1999). 3022:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2802:. Simon and Schuster. p. 75. 1460:have proposed this in their book, 1041:around each island exposed during 867:Hypothesized locations of Atlantis 749:Atlantis Nesos—The Island of Atlas 199:screened the 3rd episode of their 14: 3866:The Discovery and History of Peru 3780:Book Club Associates, London 1975 3593:. Carroll & Graf Publishers. 2825:Journal of African Earth Sciences 2796:Shelsky, Rob (23 February 2016). 2482:"Satellite images 'show Atlantis" 2165:Is Malta really part of Atlantis? 720:of 4 meters per century known as 3509:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2003.00502.x 2845:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.006 2760:Perseus Digital Library (2008). 2290:. William Morrow & Company. 1582:Atlantis: The Antediluvian World 1127:Neolithic civilization in Europe 909:Atlantis: The Antediluvian World 624:In 2005, based upon the work of 405:, and being home to some of the 155:(1955), argues Atlantis was the 28:Atlantis: the Antediluvian World 3358:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.12.014 3264:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.11.040 2719:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 2587:Little, Greg (September 2004). 2245:De Titulis Quibusdam Suppositis 3827:(in Swedish). Leopard Förlag. 3821:Jerkert (red), Jesper (2007). 3794:. bocksaga.com. Archived from 3756:. Scientists of New Atlantis. 3752:Spanuth, Jürgen (2000-11-01). 3208:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.06.022 2192:Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). 1425:("the New World is not new"). 187:, which destroyed the town of 86:, location hypotheses include 1: 3447:. Iberia cuna de la humanidad 3394:Marine Geophysical Researches 3316:10.1016/s0277-3791(02)00009-4 3130:10.1016/S0264-3707(98)00032-5 2775:Adams, Mark (26 April 2016). 2438:Rainer W. Kühne (June 2004). 1792:"CYBAES manuscript downloads" 1626:. History.com. Archived from 1506:identification. In his book " 1096:that range in age from lower 770:. The outcome of this is the 159:off the western coast of the 4069:University of Exeter Press. 4062:, Efstathiadis Group: Greece 3847:Gómara, Francisco López de, 3553:10.1016/j.margeo.2007.08.007 3380:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.157.1998 3167:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.09.009 2920:10.1016/j.anthro.2011.12.001 2892:10.1016/j.anthro.2008.01.001 2480:Paul Rincon (June 6, 2004). 2440:"A location for "Atlantis"?" 1981:10.1016/j.margeo.2005.03.007 1946:10.1016/j.margeo.2005.03.013 1624:"Lost Worlds: CGI: Atlantis" 821:Richat Structure, Mauritania 3877:Gamboa, Pedro Sarmiento de 3244:Global and Planetary Change 2341:"Atlantis in the Black Sea" 2163:Times of Malta 2006-11-14: 1871:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.08.019 1808:www.discoveryofatlantis.com 433:Maltese remains of Atlantis 4172: 3895:Sebastian Münster (1540). 3792:"Atlantis rising magazine" 3338:Quaternary Science Reviews 3296:Quaternary Science Reviews 2635:Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2097:Usai, Luigi (2021-03-18). 1480:Earth Crustal Displacement 1376:discovery of the New World 1274:claims that a land called 729:Bryn Mawr Classical Review 384:S'Acqua Callenti de Basciu 136:story allegedly is derived 109:A 17th century artwork of 4024:. Academia St. Augustin. 3915:John Carter Brown Library 3414:10.1007/s11001-004-1513-3 2606:Ornekas, Genevra (2005). 1486:is able to move upon the 1396:Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa 1381:Francisco López de Gómara 727:A detailed review in the 611:Johannes Goropius Becanus 295:Messinian Salinity Crisis 260:Messinian Salinity Crisis 4065:Vidal-Naquet, P (2007). 3864:published in English as 2940:. Kessinger Publishing. 2781:. Penguin. p. 203. 2128:. Quartucciu, Sardinia. 1525:William Fairfield Warren 1508:Fingerprints of the Gods 1190:Dr. Ulf Erlingsson from 1030:last interglacial period 798:and probably to Plato's 676:Two hypotheses have put 567:The Great Atlantis Flood 414:Giorgio Grognet de Vassé 380:S'Acqua Callenti de Susu 4020:Calvo, T., ed. (1997). 3897:"munster map new world" 2076:(in Italian). NurNeon. 1649:"Lost Worlds: Atlantis" 1456:More recently Rose and 1218:Satellite image of the 1150:William Comyns Beaumont 999:The Problem of Atlantis 945:, marine deposits, and 668:house a small village. 3879:Historia de los Incas. 3849:Historia de las Indias 3680:. Lindorm Publishing. 3620:Boxtree. p. 188. 2961:Schuchert, C. (1917). 2608:"Atlantis Rises Again" 2426:Más Allá de la Ciencia 2361:"Great Atlantis Flood" 2223:The Maltese proponents 1496:Earth's shifting crust 1470:The Atlantis Blueprint 1419:Alexander von Humboldt 1345: 1223: 963:Azores Triple Junction 868: 836: 813:(Crit. 114b) which is 758: 750: 694:Más Allá de la Ciencia 525: 248:Cyprus dwarf elephants 180: 127: 114: 56:Greek mythic tradition 38:'s fictional story of 31: 3883:History of the Incas, 3800:See also: Bock, Ior. 3754:Atlantis of the North 2934:Donnelly, Ignatius L. 2257:James, Peter (1995). 2126:La mappa di Atlantide 2070:Frau, Sergio (2002). 1585:. Harper. p. 295 1337: 1217: 1133:impact that caused a 1108:Atlantic Ocean: North 975:Bory de Saint-Vincent 866: 828: 756: 748: 652:philosophical fiction 628:, the German teacher 515: 488:The geoarchaeologist 424:during his lifetime. 358:, in the province of 287:reflection seismology 282:Digging for the Truth 174: 125: 108: 21: 3860:Zárate, Agustín de, 3802:Bockin perheen saaga 3470:Trabajos de Geología 3302:(18–19): 2019–2046. 2226:Retrieved 2011-05-08 2168:Retrieved 2011-05-08 2124:Usai, Luigi (2021). 1577:Ignatius L. Donnelly 1563:References and notes 923:Pierre-Marie Termier 901:Ignatius L. Donnelly 859:Atlantic Ocean: East 665:Doñana National Park 536:. They identify the 24:Ignatius L. Donnelly 4115:alternative version 4098:alternative version 3917:, Brown University. 3545:2008MGeol.247...61E 3501:2003TeNov..15..337F 3406:2003MarGR..24....1A 3350:2007QSRv...26..876Z 3308:2002QSRv...21.2019Z 3256:2007GPC....57..222M 3122:1999JGeo...28..117A 3034:1983CaJES..20..764R 2988:10.1073/pnas.3.2.65 2979:1917PNAS....3...65S 2860:Provence Historique 2837:2014JAfES..97..109M 1973:2005MGeol.221..261H 1938:2005MGeol.221...61C 1883:Britt, R.R., 2004, 1863:2009Tectp.470..173H 1742:1996Geo....24..363C 1702:Sarmast, R., 2006, 1258:off the north-west 817:= 'rich in sheep'. 806:means 'enclosure', 682:Strait of Gibraltar 540:with the Strait of 538:Pillars of Hercules 498:Aegean civilization 429:Malta fdal Atlantis 197:The History Channel 84:Pillars of Hercules 3614:Karl Shaw (2009). 3161:. 210–211: 27–39. 2365:Atlantis-today.com 2043:Thorwald C. Franke 1814:on 14 October 2003 1478:came up with the " 1423:orbe novo non novo 1346: 1302:Finnish eccentric 1224: 1055:underwater plateau 1034:Cape Verde Islands 981:proposed that the 869: 837: 759: 751: 722:Meltwater pulse 1A 526: 453:The Sunken Kingdom 207:In mainland Greece 181: 128: 115: 72:national mysticism 32: 4146:Pseudoarchaeology 4111:Project Gutenberg 4094:Project Gutenberg 4031:978-3-89665-004-7 3804:. Helsinki 1996. 2809:978-1-61868-666-4 2788:978-1-101-98393-5 2654:Hübner, Michael. 2576:on April 5, 2004. 2469:978-1-4020-8783-7 2442:. Antiquity.ac.uk 2413:978-960-89882-1-7 2282:Zangger, Eberhard 2179:Atlantis in Malta 2110:979-8-7238-5624-0 2083:978-88-900740-0-4 2047:Atlantis-scout.de 1996:Museum Helveticum 1630:on March 19, 2007 1462:When the Sky Fell 1447:Erich Von Däniken 1404:Sebastian Münster 1388:Agustin de Zárate 985:, along with the 947:wave cut-terraces 919:Charles Schuchert 853:igneous intrusion 776:Atlantis Thalassa 700:(The Museum) and 403:Mediterranean Sea 179:; Therasia; Thera 68:pseudoarchaeology 4163: 4117:with commentary. 4100:with commentary. 4088:, translated by 4035: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3997:Sacred-texts.com 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3979: 3973:Sacred-texts.com 3965: 3959: 3958: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3892: 3886: 3875: 3869: 3858: 3852: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3818: 3812: 3799: 3787: 3781: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3707: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3634: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3441: 3435: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3388: 3382: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3344:(7–8): 876–893. 3335: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3293: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3250:(3–4): 222–234. 3238: 3232: 3231: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3190: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3107: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3079: 3073: 3072: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3000: 2990: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2792: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2641: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2591:. Archived from 2584: 2578: 2577: 2572:. Archived from 2565: 2556: 2553: 2547: 2535: 2529: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2492: 2477: 2471: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2435: 2429: 2422: 2416: 2404: 2395: 2391: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2371: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2347: 2336: 2327: 2326: 2324: 2323: 2314:. Archived from 2308: 2302: 2301: 2278: 2272: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2261:. Jonathan Cape. 2254: 2248: 2235:Vgl. T. Franke: 2233: 2227: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2189: 2183: 2175: 2169: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2147: 2139: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2067: 2061: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2030: 2021:Paul Kronfield. 2018: 2012: 2011: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1967:(1–4): 261–297. 1956: 1950: 1949: 1921: 1915: 1899: 1890: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1857:(1–2): 173–182. 1848: 1839: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1810:. Archived from 1800: 1794: 1784: 1773: 1763: 1754: 1753: 1725: 1714: 1700: 1691: 1690: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1620: 1614: 1610: 1604: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1573: 1433:The theory that 1268:Silverpit crater 1137:and changed the 841:Richat Structure 830:Richat Structure 736:Northwest Africa 657:Satellite images 630:Werner Wickboldt 490:Eberhard Zangger 157:Island of Pharos 142:Island of Pharos 4171: 4170: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4160: 4136:Fringe theories 4121: 4120: 4090:Benjamin Jowett 4032: 4019: 4016: 4014:Further reading 4011: 4010: 4001: 3999: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3977: 3975: 3967: 3966: 3962: 3951: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3876: 3872: 3859: 3855: 3846: 3842: 3835: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3737: 3735: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3705: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3675: 3674: 3670: 3661: 3659: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3467: 3466: 3459: 3450: 3448: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3369: 3365: 3333: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3291: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3192: 3191: 3184: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3105: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3042:10.1139/e83-068 3019: 3018: 3014: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2948: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2908:L'Anthropologie 2904: 2903: 2899: 2880:L'Anthropologie 2876: 2875: 2871: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2810: 2795: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2639: 2637: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2567: 2566: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2523: 2514: 2512: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2490: 2488: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2458: 2454: 2445: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2423: 2419: 2405: 2398: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2378: 2369: 2367: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2345: 2343: 2338: 2337: 2330: 2321: 2319: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2298: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2234: 2230: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2176: 2172: 2161: 2157: 2140: 2136: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2111: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2084: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2049: 2041: 2037: 2028: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2015: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1900: 1893: 1889:, Live Science. 1882: 1878: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1785: 1776: 1764: 1757: 1727: 1726: 1717: 1701: 1694: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1658: 1656: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1633: 1631: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1588: 1586: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1553: 1521: 1500:Hollow Earthers 1492:Albert Einstein 1476:Charles Hapgood 1443:Charles Berlitz 1431: 1372: 1332: 1300: 1290:(1975), author 1284: 1212: 1204:null hypothesis 1199:Megalithic tomb 1177: 1147: 1115: 1110: 1051: 1026:marine terraces 971: 893: 885:Atlas Mountains 873:Sea of Atlantis 861: 849:domal structure 823: 784:Greek Dark Ages 743: 738: 674: 607:Juan de Mariana 592: 587: 510: 486: 446: 441: 396: 378:" (Hotwater), " 333: 317: 231: 209: 169: 152:The Greek Myths 144: 134:from which the 120: 74:or theories of 12: 11: 5: 4169: 4167: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4123: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4101: 4077: 4075:978-0859898058 4063: 4053: 4051:978-0253104823 4036: 4030: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4008: 3984: 3960: 3944: 3937: 3920: 3902: 3887: 3870: 3853: 3840: 3833: 3813: 3798:on 2006-10-05. 3782: 3769: 3762: 3744: 3718: 3715:on 2010-10-11. 3693: 3686: 3668: 3639: 3626: 3606: 3599: 3587:Dunbavin, Paul 3578: 3558: 3539:(1–2): 61–83. 3533:Marine Geology 3522: 3495:(5): 337–342. 3479: 3457: 3436: 3427: 3383: 3363: 3321: 3279: 3233: 3213: 3202:(1): 189–202. 3182: 3145: 3116:(2): 117–129. 3093: 3090:(12): 831–837. 3074: 3063:(2): 131–133. 3047: 3028:(5): 764–775. 3012: 2953: 2946: 2936:(March 2003). 2925: 2897: 2869: 2850: 2815: 2808: 2787: 2767: 2752: 2731:10.1086/371088 2725:(3): 198–204. 2709: 2690: 2676: 2661: 2646: 2621: 2618:on 2008-06-21. 2598: 2595:on 2004-09-04. 2579: 2557: 2548: 2530: 2521: 2497: 2472: 2452: 2430: 2417: 2396: 2386: 2376: 2352: 2328: 2303: 2296: 2273: 2264: 2249: 2228: 2221:Atlantipedia: 2213: 2206: 2184: 2170: 2155: 2135:979-8707230707 2134: 2116: 2109: 2089: 2082: 2062: 2053: 2035: 2013: 1986: 1961:Marine Geology 1951: 1932:(1–4): 61–94. 1926:Marine Geology 1916: 1891: 1876: 1851:Tectonophysics 1825: 1795: 1774: 1755: 1736:(4): 363–366. 1715: 1692: 1681:(3): 159–162. 1665: 1640: 1615: 1605: 1596: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1552: 1549: 1533:Garden of Eden 1520: 1517: 1512:Graham Hancock 1451:Peter Kolosimo 1430: 1427: 1408:Nicolas Sanson 1371: 1368: 1331: 1328: 1299: 1296: 1283: 1280: 1248:Storegga Slide 1211: 1208: 1176: 1173: 1146: 1143: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1050: 1049:Northern Spain 1047: 983:Canary Islands 970: 967: 943:relict beaches 938: 937: 934: 931: 903:, an American 897:Azores Islands 892: 891:Azores Islands 889: 860: 857: 822: 819: 802:. The semitic 780:Atlantis Nesos 768:Atlantis Nesos 742: 739: 737: 734: 718:sea level rise 673: 670: 626:Adolf Schulten 615:Adolf Schulten 591: 588: 586: 583: 509: 506: 485: 482: 451:, in his book 445: 442: 440: 437: 395: 392: 332: 329: 316: 313: 230: 227: 208: 205: 185:Thera eruption 168: 167:Thera eruption 165: 143: 140: 119: 116: 80:Atlantic Ocean 76:ancient aliens 42:, told in the 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4168: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4141:Pseudohistory 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4017: 4013: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3985: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3956: 3955: 3948: 3945: 3940: 3938:0-440-50898-3 3934: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3898: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3836: 3834:9789173432115 3830: 3826: 3825: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3810:952-5137-00-7 3807: 3803: 3797: 3793: 3786: 3783: 3779: 3776:Gerhard Herm 3773: 3770: 3765: 3763:1-57179-078-0 3759: 3755: 3748: 3745: 3733: 3729: 3722: 3719: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3694: 3689: 3687:0-9755946-0-5 3683: 3679: 3672: 3669: 3657: 3653: 3651: 3643: 3640: 3629: 3627:9780752227030 3623: 3619: 3618: 3610: 3607: 3602: 3600:0-7867-1145-0 3596: 3592: 3589:(June 2003). 3588: 3582: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3559: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3526: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3483: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3400:(1–2): 1–40. 3399: 3395: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3332: 3325: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3290: 3283: 3280: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3237: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3217: 3214: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3196:Geomorphology 3189: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3146: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3104: 3097: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3078: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3051: 3048: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3016: 3013: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2954: 2949: 2947:0-7661-3606-X 2943: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2910:(in French). 2909: 2901: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2882:(in French). 2881: 2873: 2870: 2865: 2862:(in French). 2861: 2854: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2816: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2790: 2784: 2780: 2779: 2771: 2768: 2763: 2756: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2721:(in German). 2720: 2713: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2694: 2691: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2672: 2665: 2662: 2657: 2650: 2647: 2636: 2632: 2625: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2602: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2552: 2549: 2546:, pags. 73-97 2545: 2544:84-87194-64-8 2541: 2534: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2511: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2462: 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