260:
event-triggered frame. A slave shall reply with an associated unconditional frame only if its data value has changed. If none of the slave tasks responds to the header the rest of the frame slot is silent and the header is ignored. If more than one slave task responds to the header in the same frame slot a collision will occur, and the master has to resolve the collision by requesting all associated unconditional frames before requesting the event-triggered frame again.
2095:
358:
Two bus states – sleep-mode and active – are used within the LIN protocol. While data is on the bus, all LIN-nodes are asked to be in the active state. After a specified timeout, the nodes enter sleep mode and will be released back to active state by a WAKEUP frame. This
273:
These always carry diagnostic or configuration data and they always contain eight data bytes. The identifier is either 60 (0x3C), called master request frame, or 61(0x3D), called slave response frame. Before generating the header of a diagnostic frame, the master task asks its diagnostic module if it
266:
This frame is transmitted by the master as required, so a collision cannot occur. The header of a sporadic frame shall only be sent in its associated frame slot when the master task knows that a signal carried in the frame has been updated. The publisher of the sporadic frame shall always provide the
259:
The purpose of this is to increase the responsiveness of the LIN cluster without assigning too much of the bus bandwidth to the polling of multiple slave nodes with seldom occurring events. The first data byte of the carried unconditional frame shall be equal to a protected identifier assigned to an
132:
The LIN bus is an inexpensive serial communications protocol, which effectively supports remote application within a car's network. It is particularly intended for mechatronic nodes in distributed automotive applications, but is equally suited to industrial applications. It is intended to complement
418:
Response Space is the time between the IDENTIFIER field and the first Data byte which starts the LIN RESPONSE part of the LIN frame. When a particular LIN frame is transmitted completely, Header + Response, by the LIN MASTER, the LIN MASTER will use the full RESPONSE SPACE TIME to calculate when to
373:
The BREAK field is used to activate all attached LIN slaves to listen to the following parts of the header. It consists of one start bit and several dominant bits. The length is at least 11-bit times; standard use as of today are 13-bit times, and therefore differs from the basic data format. This
214:
Data is transferred across the bus in fixed-form messages of selectable lengths. The master task transmits a header that consists of a break signal followed by synchronization and identifier fields. The slaves respond with a data frame that consists of 2, 4 or 8 data bytes plus 3 bytes of control
384:
The SYNC is a standard data format byte with a value of hexadecimal 0x55. LIN slaves running on RC oscillator will use the distance between a fixed amount of rising and falling edges to measure the current bit time on the bus (the master's time normal) and to recalculate the internal baud rate.
77:. The first fully implemented version of the new LIN specification (LIN version 1.3) was published in November 2002. In September 2003, version 2.0 was introduced to expand capabilities and make provisions for additional diagnostics features. LIN may be used also over the vehicle's battery
152:). The first fully implemented version of the new LIN specification was published in November 2002 as LIN version 1.3. In September 2003 version 2.0 was introduced to expand configuration capabilities and make provisions for significant additional diagnostics features and tool interfaces.
359:
frame may be sent by any node requesting activity on the bus, either the LIN Master following its internal schedule, or one of the attached LIN Slaves being activated by its internal software application. After all nodes are awakened, the Master continues to schedule the next
Identifier.
847:
LIN is not a full replacement of the CAN bus. But the LIN bus is a good alternative wherever low costs are essential and speed/bandwidth is not important. Typically, it is used within sub-systems that are not critical to vehicle performance or safety - some examples are given below.
447:
There are two checksum-models available within LIN - The first is the checksum including the data bytes only (specification up to
Version 1.3), the second one includes the identifier in addition (Version 2.0+). The used checksum model is pre-defined by the application designer.
105:
All messages are initiated by the master with at most one slave replying to a given message identifier. The master node can also act as a slave by replying to its own messages. Because all communications are initiated by the master it is not necessary to implement a
1242:
400:
The IDENTIFIER defines one action to be fulfilled by one or several of the attached LIN slave nodes. The network designer has to ensure the fault-free functionality in the design phase (one slave is allowed to send data to the bus in one frame time).
419:
send the response after sending the header. If the response part of the LIN frame is coming from a physically different SLAVE NODE, then each node (master & slave) will utilize 50% of the
Response Space time in their timeout calculations.
374:
is used to ensure that listening LIN nodes with a main-clock differing from the set bus baud rate in specified ranges will detect the BREAK as the frame starting the communication and not as a standard data byte with all values zero (
937:
Addressing in LIN is achieved with a NAD (Node ADdress) that is part of the PID (protected identifier). NAD values are on 7bits, so in the range 1 to 127 (0x7F) and it is a composition of supplier ID, function ID and variant ID.
307:(simply speaking, a level shifter with some add-ons). Working as a LIN node is only part of the possible functionality. The LIN hardware may include this transceiver and works as a pure LIN node without added functionality.
252:
These always carry signals and their identifiers are in the range 0 to 59 (0x00 to 0x3b). All subscribers of the unconditional frame shall receive the frame and make it available to the application (assuming no errors were
345:
Transmitted data within the LIN is transmitted serially as eight bit data bytes with one start bit, one stop-bit, and no parity (break field does not have a start or stop bit). Bit rates vary within the range of
350:
to 20 kbit/s. Data on the bus is divided into recessive (logical HIGH) and dominant (logical LOW). The time normally is considered by the LIN Masters stable clock source, the smallest entity is one
334:
tables to start the sending and receiving to the LIN bus. These scheduling tables contain at least the relative timing, where the message sending is initiated. One LIN Frame consists of the two parts
441:
The responding slave may send zero to eight data bytes to the bus. The amount of data is fixed by the application designer and mirrors data relevant for the application which the LIN slave runs in.
50:
was too expensive to implement for every component in the car. European car manufacturers started using different serial communication technologies, which led to compatibility problems.
394:
There is an Inter Byte Space between the BREAK and SYNC field, one between the SYNC and IDENTIFIER, one between the payload and
Checksum and one between every Data byte in the payload.
722:
At the start of the procedure, none of the SNPD devices have a NAD assigned. The autoaddressing routine is performed during the sync field. The sync field is broken into three phases:
280:
These can carry any kind of information. Their identifier is 62 (0x3E). The header of a user-defined frame is always transmitted when a frame slot allocated to the frame is processed
303:
capability or dedicated LIN hardware are used. The microcontroller generates all needed LIN data (protocol ...) (partly) by software and is connected to the LIN network via a LIN
124:
Current uses combine the low-cost efficiency of LIN and simple sensors to create small networks. These sub-systems can be connected by a back-bone network (i.e. CAN in cars).
391:
Inter Byte Space is used to adjust for bus jitter. It is an optional component within the LIN specification. If enabled, then all LIN nodes must be prepared to deal with it.
1105:
1075:
2256:
2129:
300:
197:
87:
has been appointed by the ISO Technical
Management Board (TMB) as the Registration Authority for the LIN Supplier ID standardized in the ISO 17987 series.
1535:
1320:
2063:
159:
Single master, up to 16 slaves (i.e. no bus arbitration). This is the value recommended by the LIN Consortium to achieve deterministic time response.
1692:
1555:
295:
The LIN specification was designed to allow very cheap hardware-nodes being used within a network. It is a low-cost, single-wire network based on
118:
2624:
2417:
2157:
1362:
1743:
1414:
2090:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
456:
These methods allow the detection of the position of slave nodes on the LIN bus and allow the assignment of a unique node address (NAD).
274:
shall be sent or if the bus shall be silent. The slave tasks publish and subscribe to the response according to their diagnostic module.
2251:
2122:
1796:
1635:
1565:
342:. The header is always sent by the LIN Master, while the response is sent by either one dedicated LIN-Slave or the LIN master itself.
2229:
1625:
1210:
2661:
2542:
2447:
2224:
1723:
81:
with a special LIN-over-DC-power-line (DC-LIN) transceiver. LIN over DC power line (DC-LIN) was standardized as ISO/AWI 17987-8.
1140:
1113:
1083:
2437:
1515:
107:
460:
Allows similar or the same devices to be connected on the bus without end of line programming or connector pin programming.
2209:
2115:
2067:
1718:
1687:
694:
Each slave node needs some additional circuitry compared to the standard LIN circuitry to aid in the position detection.
2487:
2477:
2138:
1665:
46:
The need for a cheap serial network arose as the technologies and the facilities implemented in the car grew, while the
2691:
2162:
1991:
1930:
1785:
1449:
1249:
17987 family of official standards documents. ISO part 1 to 7 was first released in 2016, followed by part 8 in 2019.
1037:
1298: :: Road vehicles - LIN Part 8 - Electrical physical layer (EPL) specification: LIN over DC powerline (DC-LIN).
2369:
2167:
1590:
1355:
964:
2442:
2351:
1645:
96:
2422:
2374:
78:
2654:
2572:
2512:
2482:
2098:
2073:
1965:
1620:
1340:
1026:"Microchip AN2059: LIN Basics and Implementation of the MCC LIN Stack Library on 8-Bit PIC Microcontrollers"
136:
In the late 1990s the Local
Interconnect Network (LIN) Consortium was founded by five European automakers,
2239:
1655:
2738:
2686:
2244:
1919:
1872:
1728:
1500:
1348:
1308:
99:
73:), with the technologies supplied (networking and hardware expertise) from Volcano Automotive Group and
1177:
1062:
38:
that supports communications up to 19.2 Kbit/s with a maximum bus length of 40 metres (131.2 ft).
1335:
2712:
1915:
1768:
1650:
1330:
1292: :: Road vehicles - LIN Part 7 - Electrical Physical Layer (EPL) conformance test specification.
296:
201:
35:
310:
As LIN Slave nodes should be as cheap as possible, they may generate their internal clocks by using
2384:
2234:
1827:
1382:
511:
2214:
2199:
1371:
315:
2639:
1025:
2266:
1817:
1439:
1375:
1274: :: Road vehicles - LIN Part 4 - Electrical physical layer (EPL) specification 12V / 24V.
942:
184:
84:
2407:
2321:
1550:
1193:
569:
The first SNPD node input D1 is either set to GND or connected to the output of the master.
58:
27:
2706:
2364:
1680:
1530:
1510:
1385:
1214:
1181:
990:
137:
114:
651:
2.1 The first non addressed SNPD node is selected. It is identified by having the input D
1981:
1675:
1600:
1525:
1429:
1404:
1207:
331:
2732:
2194:
2053:
1940:
1832:
1780:
1763:
1545:
1444:
1434:
1409:
1144:
408:
LIN slave to send the response, the identifier may be called a Rx-identifier. If the
311:
70:
1262: :: Road vehicles - LIN Part 2 - Transport protocol and network layer services.
812:
3.5 The last node will accept the address contained in the LIN configuration message
2492:
2281:
2261:
2152:
1790:
1733:
1585:
1490:
1256: :: Road vehicles - LIN Part 1 - General information and use case definition.
162:
Slave Node
Position Detection (SNPD) allows node address assignment after power-up
1050:
675:
3 All pull-ups and pull-downs are turned off completing the addressing procedure
2616:
2585:
2580:
2530:
2525:
2219:
2058:
2037:
1960:
1955:
1800:
1738:
1713:
1640:
1424:
1419:
918:
Mirror, central ECU, mirror switch, window lift, seat control switch, door lock
375:
304:
1325:
1226:
322:
rate-stability within one LIN frame, the SYNC field within the header is used.
2341:
2326:
2189:
1911:
1610:
1399:
1321:
Article about a free open hardware/software implementation of the LIN protocol
1286: :: Road vehicles - LIN Part 6 - Protocol conformance test specification.
1280: :: Road vehicles - LIN Part 5 - Application programmers interface (API).
66:
2681:
2676:
2649:
2644:
2629:
2595:
2590:
2552:
2547:
2520:
2467:
2359:
2286:
2182:
1935:
1925:
1892:
1887:
1822:
1697:
1485:
1470:
1465:
978:
671:
2.4 Steps 2.1-2.4 are repeated until all slave nodes are assigned an address
286:
These shall not be used in a LIN 2.0 cluster. Their identifier is 63 (0x3F).
141:
630:
1.2 The first SNPD node is selected. It is identified by having the input D
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1012:
945:
that is the authority responsible for the assignment of such identifiers.
780:
3.1 Selected nodes switch current source on and others switch pull-ups off
662:
2.2 The selected node takes the address from the LIN configuration message
637:
1.3 The selected node takes the address from the LIN configuration message
2701:
2562:
2331:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2271:
2204:
1945:
1882:
1615:
1475:
984:
878:
Cruise control, wiper, turning light, climate control, radio, wheel lock
432:
352:
145:
74:
31:
2666:
2634:
2457:
2432:
2402:
2336:
2296:
2276:
2177:
2172:
2107:
2078:
2032:
2016:
1842:
1660:
1605:
1540:
1495:
969:
958:
816:
This technique is covered by the patents EP 1490772 B1 and US 7091876.
133:
the existing CAN network leading to hierarchical networks within cars.
47:
53:
In the late 1990s, the LIN Consortium was founded by five automakers (
2717:
2605:
2600:
2557:
2502:
2497:
2462:
2397:
2392:
2291:
2011:
1902:
1877:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1670:
1560:
1520:
1480:
347:
299:. In today’s car networking topologies, microcontrollers with either
1996:
1907:
171:
bus length. In the LIN specification 2.2, the speed up to 20 kbit/s.
590:(x=1-2) has additional circuitry to aid in the position detection.
183:
Multicast reception with time synchronization, without crystals or
2671:
2427:
2412:
2006:
1897:
1837:
1775:
1748:
1630:
1580:
1505:
616:
At the start of the procedure no SNPD devices have a NAD assigned
168:
1194:"LIN Bus Description, Automotive Bus, Local Interconnect Network"
809:
3.4 Current sources are switched off and pull-ups are switched on
2537:
2472:
2301:
2001:
1986:
1847:
1758:
1753:
1595:
319:
62:
2111:
1344:
926:
Vehicle trim enhancement, sill plates illuminated with RGB LED
2452:
1950:
1575:
1570:
1246:
497:
149:
102:
network comprising 16 nodes (one master and up to 15 slaves).
54:
1268: :: Road vehicles - LIN Part 3 - Protocol specification.
729:
1.1 All outputs pull-ups and current sources are switched off
1141:"Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory: AUTOMOTIVE BUSES"
665:
2.3 The detected node turns on the pull-down at the output D
640:
1.4 The detected node turns on the pull-down at the output D
1174:
557:
Each slave node has to provide two extra pins, one input, D
1314:
746:
2.1 Pull-ups are turned on and current sources remain off
580:
of the second node, and so on resulting in a daisy chain.
627:) are set to a high level, all pull-downs are turned off
412:
sends data to the bus, it may be called Tx-identifier.
167:
Single-wire communications up to 19.2 kbit/s @ 40
886:
Seat position motors, occupant sensors, control panel
452:
Slave node position detection (SNPD) or autoaddressing
427:
The response is sent by one of the attached LIN slave
117:, but may be implemented in specialized hardware or
30:
used for communication between components in modern
2614:
2571:
2511:
2383:
2350:
2145:
2046:
2025:
1974:
1810:
1706:
1458:
1392:
1135:
1133:
1131:
196:Low-cost silicon implementation based on standard
953:Various vehicle (automotive) connectivity buses:
177:Variable length of data frame (2, 4 and 8 bytes).
1317:- registration authority for the LIN Supplier ID
1227:"Automatic Slave Node Position Detection (SNPD)"
1693:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
831:Cheaper than CAN and other communications buses
468:All auto-addressing slaves must be in one line
155:The protocol’s main features are listed below:
870:Sensor, light sensor, light control, sun roof
2123:
1356:
8:
941:You can obtain a supplier ID by contacting
806:< 1 mA is detected as the last node
471:Standard slaves can be connected in any way
330:The LIN-Master uses one or more predefined
2130:
2116:
2108:
1363:
1349:
1341:
894:Sensors, small motors, cooling fan motors
701:Switchable 2 mA current source from V
647:2 Subsequent auto-addressing LIN messages
223:A message contains the following fields:
855:
476:
140:(Formerly Volcano Automotive Group) and
121:in order to save cost, space, or power.
1024:Mary Tamar Tan, Brian Bailey, Han Lin.
1004:
698:The standard pull-up must be switchable
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1326:A free online LIN checksum calculator
318:(quartz or a ceramic). To ensure the
7:
1112:. LIN Administration. Archived from
1082:. LIN Administration. Archived from
619:1 First auto-addressing LIN message
113:The master and slaves are typically
1175:LIN Specification Package Rev. 2.2a
1038:"ATAN0049: Two-wire LIN Networking"
367:The header consists of five parts:
1331:LIN Bus Explained - A Simple Intro
862:Specific LIN application examples
207:Enabler for hierarchical networks.
190:Data checksum and error detection.
14:
749:2.2 The bus current is measured,
732:1.2 The bus current is measured,
683:Each slave node has two LIN pins
594:Switchable resistive pull-up to V
2662:Factory Instrumentation Protocol
2543:Factory Instrumentation Protocol
2225:Factory Instrumentation Protocol
2094:
2093:
1245:(2010) was transcribed into the
1225:Anand Gopalan, Akeem Whitehead.
1051:"Power Supplies for LED Driving"
843:No protocol license fee required
572:The output of the first node, D
34:. It is a low-cost single-wire
1336:Educational LIN Network Driver
612:XWDC auto-addressing procedure
576:, is connected to the input, D
1:
1688:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
783:3.2 Bus current is measured,
772:< 1 mA are "selected"
725:1 Offset current measurement
718:BSM auto-addressing procedure
553:Extra wire daisy chain (XWDC)
431:and is divided into data and
404:If the identifier causes one
193:Detection of defective nodes.
1666:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
1656:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
910:Small motors, control panel
840:Extension easy to implement.
355:(52 μs @ 19.2 kbit/s).
2692:Unified Diagnostic Services
2163:CC-Link Industrial Networks
713:Analog to digital converter
2755:
2210:Ethernet Global Data (EGD)
1651:Compute Express Link (CXL)
603:Comparator referenced to V
210:Operating voltage of 12 V.
180:Configuration flexibility.
24:Local Interconnect Network
16:Vehicle network technology
2352:Industrial control system
2087:
1888:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
1803:logical device interface)
174:Guaranteed latency times.
586:Each configuration pin D
2573:Automatic meter reading
2513:Power-system automation
1243:LIN specification v2.2A
1198:090114 interfacebus.com
1156:090114 cvel.clemson.edu
491:Extra wire daisy chain
267:response to the header.
1450:List of bus bandwidths
1208:LIN Technical Overview
965:Ethernet (single-pair)
837:More reliable vehicles
776:3 Current source mode
710:Differential amplifier
679:Bus shunt method (BSM)
257:Event-triggered frame.
2687:Keyword Protocol 2000
1106:"Target Applications"
1063:"The LIN Short Story"
250:Unconditional frame.
227:Synchronization break
2139:Automation protocols
1893:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
1631:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
859:Application segments
828:Components available
758:2.3 Nodes with ΔI =
230:Synchronization byte
2385:Building automation
2235:FOUNDATION fieldbus
1734:Parallel ATA (PATA)
792:3.3 Node with ΔI =
561:, and one output, D
512:Elmos Semiconductor
500:(formerly Philips)
410:master's slave task
316:crystal oscillators
278:User-defined frame.
2215:Ethernet Powerlink
2146:Process automation
1641:PCI Express (PCIe)
1311:- archived website
1213:2011-07-19 at the
1180:2008-04-26 at the
659:of previous node).
623:1.1 All outputs (D
185:ceramic resonators
2726:
2725:
2105:
2104:
2091:
1818:Apple Desktop Bus
1795:PCI Express (via
1754:Serial ATA (SATA)
1440:Network on a chip
1116:on 5 October 2011
1086:on 5 October 2011
1013:"ISO/AWI 17987-8"
943:CAN in Automation
930:
929:
834:Harness reduction
550:
549:
505:Bus shunt method
389:INTER BYTE SPACE:
271:Diagnostic frame.
219:LIN message frame
85:CAN in Automation
2746:
2322:SERCOS interface
2132:
2125:
2118:
2109:
2097:
2096:
2089:
1551:HP Precision Bus
1365:
1358:
1351:
1342:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1172:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1143:. Archived from
1137:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1009:
856:
634:low (hardwired).
600:Pull-down to GND
477:
115:microcontrollers
91:Network topology
59:Volkswagen Group
28:network protocol
2754:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2610:
2567:
2507:
2379:
2346:
2141:
2136:
2106:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2042:
2021:
1970:
1883:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
1806:
1702:
1681:Infinity Fabric
1511:Europe Card Bus
1454:
1388:
1369:
1315:LIN Supplier ID
1305:
1239:
1237:Further reading
1234:
1233:
1224:
1220:
1215:Wayback Machine
1206:
1202:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1182:Wayback Machine
1173:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1006:
1001:
996:
975:LIN (ISO 17987)
951:
935:
902:Grille shutter
854:
822:
804:
797:
788:
770:
763:
754:
742:2 Pull-up mode
737:
720:
704:
681:
668:
658:
654:
643:
633:
626:
614:
606:
597:
589:
579:
575:
564:
560:
555:
483:SNPD Method ID
454:
425:
416:RESPONSE SPACE:
365:
328:
293:
284:Reserved frame.
264:Sporadic frame.
246:
233:Identifier byte
221:
138:Mentor Graphics
130:
93:
44:
36:serial protocol
17:
12:
11:
5:
2752:
2750:
2742:
2741:
2731:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2591:DLMS/IEC 62056
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
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1982:ADAT Lightpipe
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1430:Bus contention
1427:
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1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:Front-side bus
1402:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1386:computer buses
1370:
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1303:External links
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875:Steering wheel
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820:LIN advantages
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464:Restrictions:
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312:RC oscillators
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2615:Automobile /
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2262:Honeywell SDS
2260:
2258:
2257:HART Protocol
2255:
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2250:
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2054:Multidrop bus
2052:
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2024:
2018:
2015:
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1961:External PCIe
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1941:Parallel SCSI
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1833:Commodore bus
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1781:Fibre Channel
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1445:Plug and play
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1438:
1436:
1435:Bus mastering
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
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1418:
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1413:
1411:
1410:Back-side bus
1408:
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1163:
1159:
1147:on 2012-04-14
1146:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
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1076:"Lin Concept"
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923:Illumination
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379:
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372:
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308:
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285:
282:
279:
276:
272:
269:
265:
262:
258:
255:
251:
248:
247:
243:
239:Checksum byte
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
225:
224:
218:
216:
215:information.
209:
206:
203:
199:
195:
192:
189:
186:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
166:
161:
160:
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147:
143:
139:
134:
127:
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120:
116:
111:
109:
103:
101:
98:
90:
88:
86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
71:Mercedes-Benz
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
49:
41:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2739:Serial buses
2696:
2282:MECHATROLINK
1586:TURBOchannel
1376:
1240:
1221:
1203:
1188:
1149:. Retrieved
1145:the original
1118:. Retrieved
1114:the original
1110:LIN Overview
1109:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:the original
1080:LIN Overview
1079:
1070:
1058:
1045:
1033:
1020:
1007:
952:
940:
936:
852:Applications
846:
815:
800:
793:
784:
775:
766:
759:
750:
741:
733:
724:
721:
693:
682:
674:
646:
618:
615:
585:
556:
480:SNPD Method
463:
455:
444:
443:
438:
437:
428:
426:
415:
414:
409:
405:
403:
397:
396:
393:
388:
387:
381:
380:
370:
369:
366:
357:
344:
339:
335:
329:
326:LIN protocol
309:
294:
291:LIN hardware
283:
277:
270:
263:
256:
249:
222:
213:
154:
135:
131:
123:
112:
104:
94:
83:
52:
45:
23:
19:
18:
2709:(SAE J2716)
2581:ANSI C12.18
2531:IEC 60870-6
2526:IEC 60870-5
2220:EtherNet/IP
2059:CoreConnect
2038:ExpressCard
1966:Thunderbolt
1956:Camera Link
1739:Bus and Tag
1425:Address bus
1420:Control bus
1415:Daisy chain
1296:ISO 17987-8
1290:ISO 17987-7
1284:ISO 17987-6
1278:ISO 17987-5
1272:ISO 17987-4
1266:ISO 17987-3
1260:ISO 17987-2
1254:ISO 17987-1
993:(SAE J2716)
987:(ISO 21806)
981:(SAE J3068)
972:(ISO 17458)
961:(ISO 11898)
825:Easy to use
398:IDENTIFIER:
376:hexadecimal
314:instead of
305:transceiver
244:Frame types
110:detection.
2342:TTEthernet
2327:SERCOS III
2190:ControlNet
1912:ACCESS.bus
1811:Peripheral
1611:InfiniBand
1606:HP GSC bus
1400:System bus
1151:2009-01-14
1120:28 October
1090:28 October
999:References
933:Addressing
332:scheduling
253:detected).
236:Data bytes
144:(Formerly
79:power line
67:Volvo Cars
2650:NMEA 2000
2645:SAE J1939
2640:ARINC 825
2630:ARINC 429
2586:IEC 61107
2553:IEC 62351
2548:IEC 61850
2521:IEC 60870
2468:OpenTherm
2360:MTConnect
2287:MelsecNet
2200:DirectNET
2183:DeviceNet
1873:Lightning
1823:Atari SIO
1698:SpaceWire
1531:Zorro III
1471:S-100 bus
1466:SS-50 bus
1459:Standards
1379:standards
1372:Technical
540:Reserved
529:Reserved
518:Reserved
445:CHECKSUM:
204:hardware.
142:Freescale
108:collision
97:broadcast
95:LIN is a
2733:Category
2563:PROFIBUS
2332:Sinec H1
2317:RAPIEnet
2312:PROFINET
2307:PROFIBUS
2272:INTERBUS
2267:HostLink
2205:EtherCAT
2099:Category
2074:Wishbone
2047:Embedded
2026:Portable
1946:Profibus
1878:DMX512-A
1764:Parallel
1616:Ethernet
1526:Zorro II
1476:Multibus
1377:de facto
1211:Archived
1178:Archived
1053:. p. 284
949:See also
486:Company
433:checksum
423:Response
406:physical
353:bit time
340:response
297:ISO 9141
146:Motorola
128:Overview
75:Motorola
32:vehicles
2667:FlexRay
2635:CAN bus
2617:Vehicle
2458:LonTalk
2433:EnOcean
2403:BatiBUS
2370:OPC HDA
2337:SynqNet
2297:Optomux
2277:IO-Link
2252:GE SRTP
2178:CANopen
2173:CAN bus
2079:SLIMbus
2033:PC Card
2017:TOSLINK
1707:Storage
1661:RapidIO
1541:FASTBUS
1496:STD Bus
1393:General
970:FlexRay
907:Climate
690:bus_out
378:0x00).
346:1
48:CAN bus
42:History
26:) is a
2718:Cyphal
2606:Zigbee
2601:Modbus
2558:Modbus
2503:Zigbee
2498:Z-Wave
2463:Modbus
2398:BACnet
2393:1-Wire
2375:OPC UA
2365:OPC DA
2292:Modbus
2012:S/PDIF
1903:1-Wire
1868:RS-485
1863:RS-423
1858:RS-422
1853:RS-232
1714:ST-506
1671:NVLink
1521:STEbus
1481:Unibus
979:LIN-CP
899:Grille
891:Engine
803:offset
769:offset
736:offset
687:bus_in
655:low (D
371:BREAK:
363:Header
348:kbit/s
336:header
148:, now
100:serial
2682:J1708
2677:J1587
2672:IEBus
2596:M-Bus
2428:DyNet
2413:CEBus
2408:C-Bus
2007:McASP
1975:Audio
1920:SMBus
1916:PMBus
1898:UNI/O
1838:HP-IL
1791:SATAe
1776:ESCON
1749:HIPPI
1581:NuBus
1536:CAMAC
1506:Q-Bus
1501:SMBus
1486:VAXBI
1383:wired
543:0xFF
532:0x04
521:0x03
508:0x02
494:0x01
439:DATA:
429:tasks
382:SYNC:
169:meter
119:ASICs
2707:SENT
2702:MOST
2625:AFDX
2538:DNP3
2478:VSCP
2473:oBIX
2418:DALI
2302:PieP
2230:FINS
2195:DF-1
2158:BSAP
2153:AS-i
2064:AMBA
2002:MADI
1987:AES3
1848:MIDI
1801:NVMe
1797:AHCI
1759:SCSI
1744:DSSI
1719:ESDI
1596:SBus
1556:EISA
1491:MBus
1381:for
1374:and
1241:The
1122:2011
1092:2011
991:SENT
985:MOST
915:Door
883:Seat
867:Roof
546:TBD
535:TBD
524:TBD
338:and
320:baud
301:UART
198:UART
63:Audi
2713:VAN
2697:LIN
2655:FMS
2493:xPL
2488:xAP
2483:X10
2453:KNX
2448:FIP
2443:EIB
2438:EHS
2423:DSI
2245:HSE
2168:CIP
2068:AXI
1997:I²S
1951:USB
1936:D²B
1931:SPI
1926:I3C
1908:I²C
1843:HIL
1828:DCB
1799:or
1786:SSA
1769:SAS
1729:SMD
1724:IPI
1646:AGP
1636:PXI
1626:PCI
1621:UPA
1601:VLB
1591:MCA
1576:VPX
1571:VXS
1566:VXI
1561:VME
1546:LPC
1516:ISA
1247:ISO
1011:.
959:CAN
703:bat
605:bat
596:bat
498:NXP
202:SCI
150:NXP
55:BMW
20:LIN
2735::
2240:H1
1918:,
1914:,
1161:^
1130:^
1108:.
1078:.
796:CS
787:CS
762:PU
753:PU
607:/2
565:.
435:.
69:,
65:,
61:,
57:,
2131:e
2124:t
2117:v
2070:)
2066:(
1922:)
1910:(
1364:e
1357:t
1350:v
1229:.
1196:.
1154:.
1124:.
1094:.
1065:.
1040:.
1028:.
1015:.
801:I
799:-
794:I
785:I
767:I
765:-
760:I
751:I
734:I
667:2
657:2
653:1
642:2
632:1
625:2
588:x
578:1
574:2
563:2
559:1
200:/
187:.
22:(
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