876:
888:
817:
908:. The log-periodic zig-zag design with up to 16 sections has been used. These large antennas are typically designed to cover 6 to 26 MHz but even larger ones have been built which operate as low as 2 MHz. Power ratings are available up to 500 kW. Instead of the elements being driven in parallel, attached to a central transmission line, the elements are driven in series, adjacent elements connected at the outer edges. The antenna shown here would have about 14 dBi
59:
805:
793:
744:
the gain, the shorter element in front acting as a director and the longer element behind as a reflector. However, the system is somewhat more complex than that, and all the elements contribute to some degree, so the gain for any given frequency is higher than a Yagi of the same dimensions as any one section of the log-periodic. However, a Yagi with the same number of elements as a log-periodic would have
31:
1280:
748:
higher gain, as all of those elements are improving the gain of a single driven element. In its use as a television antenna, it was common to combine a log-periodic design for VHF with a Yagi for UHF, with both halves being roughly equal in size. This resulted in much higher gain for UHF, typically
743:
In general terms, at any given frequency the log-periodic design operates somewhat similar to a three-element Yagi antenna; the dipole element closest to resonant at the operating frequency acts as a driven element, with the two adjacent elements on either side as director and reflector to increase
829:
724:
to it. The feedline can often be seen zig-zagging across the support boom holding the elements. Another common construction method is to use two parallel central support booms that also acts as the transmission line, mounting the dipoles on the alternate booms. Other forms of the log-periodic
610:
LPDA antennas look somewhat similar to Yagi antennas, in that they both consist of dipole rod elements mounted in a line along a support boom, but they work in very different ways. Adding elements to a Yagi increases its directionality, or
1284:
1053:
Any one of a class of antennas having a structural geometry such that its impedance and radiation characteristics repeat periodically as the logarithm of frequency." (see
Acknowledgments, and footnote in page 1),
756:
It should be strictly noted that the log-periodic shape, according to the IEEE definition, does not align with broadband property for antennas. The broadband property of log-periodic antennas comes from its
859:
646:"elements" each consisting of a pair of metal rods, positioned along a support boom lying along the antenna axis. The elements are spaced at intervals following a logarithmic function of the
725:
design replace the dipoles with the transmission line itself, forming the log-periodic zig-zag antenna. Many other forms using the transmission wire as the active element also exist.
777:
that are also self-similar) or the log-periodic toothed design. Y. Mushiake found, for what he termed "the simplest self-complementary planar antenna," a driving point impedance of
749:
on the order of 10 to 14 dB on the Yagi side and 6.5 dB for the log-periodic. But this extra gain was needed anyway in order to make up for a number of problems with
634:
while also having high gain for adequate fringe reception. One widely used design for television reception combined a Yagi for UHF reception in front of a larger LPDA for VHF.
732:
and the LPDA designs look very similar at first glance, as they both consist of a number of dipole elements mounted along a support boom. The Yagi, however, has only a single
822:
LP television antenna 1963. Covers 54–88 MHz and 174–218 MHz. Slanted elements were used because on the upper band they operate at the third harmonic.
1036:
Any one of a class of antennas having a structural geometry such that its impedance and radiation characteristics repeat periodically as the logarithm of frequency." (see
846:
John
Dunlavy invented the log-periodic antenna in 1952 while working for the United States Air Force but was not credited with it due to its "Secret" classification. The
858:
ignored the patents and produced a wide range of antennas based on that design. Lawsuits regarding the antenna patent, which the U.I. Foundation lost, evolved into the
658:. The length of the successive elements and the spacing between them gradually decrease along the boom. The relationship between the lengths is a function known as
847:
916:
consisting of two such antennas, one above the other and driven in phase has a gain of up to 17 dBi. Being log-periodic, the antenna's main characteristics (
595:
of gradually increasing length, each consisting of a pair of metal rods. The dipoles are mounted close together in a line, connected in parallel to the
1397:
1852:
275:
1257:
1017:
281:
478:
270:
881:
Wire log-periodic transmitting antenna at international shortwave broadcasting station, Moosbrunn, Austria. Covers 6.1–23 MHz.
1206:
293:
540:
1826:
1644:
875:
850:
had patented the Isbell and Mayes–Carrel antennas and licensed the design as a package exclusively to JFD Electronics in New York.
626:, since they must have large bandwidth to cover the wide television bands of roughly 54–88 and 174–216 MHz in the
958:
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404:
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141:
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231:
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connected to the transmission line, usually the second one from the back of the array, the remaining elements are
1857:
1729:
384:
1724:
1634:
1624:
1486:
1433:
924:) are almost constant over its entire frequency range, with the match to a 300 Ω feed line achieving a
921:
778:
893:
Diagram of a zig-zag shortwave LPA antenna. Black shows metallic conductors; red shows insulating supports.
1806:
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241:
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stations because its broad bandwidth allows a single antenna to transmit on frequencies in multiple
816:
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101:
993:
828:
1345:
1816:
1709:
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1253:
1114:"Origination of self-complementary structure and discovery of its constant-impedance property"
1013:
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737:
714:
671:
526:
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314:
131:
42:
1198:
968:
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804:
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along the axis of the boom, off the end with the shortest elements. Each dipole element is
589:
221:
166:
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91:
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96:
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913:
721:
600:
454:
216:
186:
136:
68:
1056:
Self-Complementary
Antennas―Principle of Self-Complementarity for Constant Impedance
1749:
1719:
1704:
1699:
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1664:
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1556:
1501:
1496:
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324:
211:
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usually runs along the central boom, and each successive element is connected in
1599:
1451:
1305:
1144:
464:
369:
319:
181:
1340:
683:
469:
364:
1654:
1561:
740:. The Yagi antenna differs from the LPDA in having a very narrow bandwidth.
691:
679:
675:
647:
574:
459:
339:
329:
191:
151:
943:
981:
900:
The log-periodic is commonly used as a transmitting antenna in high power
30:
27:
Multi-element, directional antenna useable over a wide band of frequencies
1811:
1609:
1415:
710:
596:
251:
615:, while adding elements to an LPDA increases its frequency response, or
810:
Log-periodic mounted for vertical polarization, 140–470 MHz
1785:
1083:"Log-periodic structure provides no broad-band property for antennas"
1038:
The new IEEE Standard
Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms
1227:
1764:
1058:―, by Mushiake, Yasuto, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., London, 1996.
509:
246:
236:
126:
784:/2=188.4 Ω at frequencies well within its bandwidth limits.
1375:
963:
487:
1379:
1009:
603:. Electrically, it simulates a series of two- or three-element
1351:
Com-Power
Corporation - Log Periodic Antennas for EMC testing
607:
connected together, each set tuned to a different frequency.
622:
One large application for LPDAs is in rooftop terrestrial
1252:(Subsequent ed.). McGraw-Hill College. p. 892.
1370:
1356:
All About
Circuits - The Fundamentals of Wi-Fi Antennas
1365:
670:
are the key design elements of the LPDA design. The
580:
The most common form of log-periodic antenna is the
1778:
1580:
1432:
1414:
1181:"Loudspeaker designer John Dunlavy: By the Numbers"
1331:Antenna-Theory.com Log-Periodic Tooth Antenna Page
1199:"Blonder–Tongue Doctrine Law and Legal Definition"
1067:Mushiake, Yasuto, "Constant-impedance antennas",
761:. A planar log-periodic antenna can also be made
1071:, 48, 4, pp. 580-584, April 1965. (in Japanese).
1391:
1169:, Academic Press, New York and London. 1966.
686:approximately equal to twice its length. The
534:
8:
862:. This precedent governs patent litigation.
1012:. Cambridge University Press. p. 178.
674:of the antenna is unidirectional, with the
577:. It was invented by John Dunlavy in 1952.
1398:
1384:
1376:
848:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
769:(which are not classified as log-periodic
642:The LPDA normally consists of a series of
541:
527:
37:
709:, that is, connected electrically to the
1228:"Antennas for the Shortwave Broadcaster"
798:Log-periodic antenna, 250–2400 MHz
573:designed to operate over a wide band of
34:Log-periodic antenna, 400–4000 MHz
29:
936:
705:Every element in the LPDA antenna is a
49:
1346:Some thoughts on Log-Periodic Antennas
702:of the longest and shortest elements.
276:Wireless electronic devices and health
694:range over which it has near-maximum
488:Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
282:International Telecommunication Union
7:
928:of better than 2:1 over that range.
307:Radiation sources / regions
271:Wireless device radiation and health
1361:Electronics Point - Forum / Antenna
953:
951:
588:, The LPDA consists of a number of
294:World Radiocommunication Conference
959:"Log Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA)"
834:Wire log-periodic monopole antenna
630:and 470–890 MHz in the
25:
1827:Circularly disposed antenna array
1645:Folded inverted conformal antenna
1209:from the original on Mar 25, 2023
1283: This article incorporates
1278:
1179:John Atkinson (24 August 1996).
886:
874:
827:
815:
803:
791:
57:
1296:General Services Administration
1112:Mushiake, Yasuto (March 1949).
1081:Mushiake, Yasuto (March 1949).
698:, is approximately between the
1167:Frequency independent antennas
982:"Log-periodic zig zag antenna"
944:The Log-Periodic Dipole Array"
775:frequency independent antennas
1:
1853:Radio frequency antenna types
866:Short wave broadcast antennas
157:Low-noise block downconverter
1467:Dielectric resonator antenna
860:1971 Blonder-Tongue Doctrine
142:Counterpoise (ground system)
996:, Illinois Historic Archive
395:Friis transmission equation
1874:
1319:Self-complementary antenna
1248:John Daniel Kraus (1988).
232:Municipal wireless network
1730:Regenerative loop antenna
994:Photo Archive Of Antennas
582:log-periodic dipole array
479:Bell Laboratories Layered
18:Log-periodic dipole array
1725:Reflective array antenna
1635:Corner reflector antenna
1266:The Log-Periodic Antenna
1006:Davidson, David (2010).
1625:Collinear antenna array
1341:LPDA Online Calculation
1336:Blonder-Tongue Doctrine
1203:definitions.uslegal.com
922:driving point impedance
512:Multiple Access (WSDMA)
510:Wideband Space Division
1807:Reconfigurable antenna
1770:Yagi–Uda antenna
1745:Short backfire antenna
1482:Folded unipole antenna
1291:Federal Standard 1037C
1285:public domain material
902:shortwave broadcasting
765:, such as logarithmic
569:, is a multi-element,
242:Radio masts and towers
35:
1462:Crossed field antenna
1304: (in support of
1124:(3). Sm.rim.or.jp: 88
1093:(3). Sm.rim.or.jp: 88
430:Signal-to-noise ratio
265:Safety and regulation
33:
1779:Application-specific
1670:Log-periodic antenna
1542:Rubber ducky antenna
1517:Inverted vee antenna
1492:Ground-plane antenna
1051:Log-periodic antenna
1034:Log-periodic antenna
700:resonant frequencies
690:of the antenna, the
555:log-periodic antenna
415:Radiation resistance
1690:Offset dish antenna
1537:Random wire antenna
984:, US Patent 3355740
971:on October 5, 2014.
926:standing wave ratio
856:Blonder Tongue Labs
713:. A parallel wire
624:television antennas
571:directional antenna
567:log-periodic aerial
561:), also known as a
1832:Television antenna
1680:Microstrip antenna
1620:Choke ring antenna
1615:Cassegrain antenna
1512:Inverted-F antenna
1424:Isotropic radiator
1145:"Infinite freedom"
1143:Mushiake, Yasuto.
763:self-complementary
563:log-periodic array
481:Space-Time (BLAST)
335:Near and far field
36:
1840:
1839:
1817:Reference antenna
1710:Parabolic antenna
1630:Conformal antenna
1552:Turnstile antenna
1447:Biconical antenna
1259:978-0-070-35422-7
1019:978-1-139-49281-2
918:radiation pattern
715:transmission line
672:radiation pattern
605:Yagi–Uda antennas
599:with alternating
551:
550:
435:Spurious emission
420:Radio propagation
410:Radiation pattern
385:Equivalent radius
380:Electrical length
287:Radio Regulations
132:Block upconverter
16:(Redirected from
1865:
1858:Antennas (radio)
1791:Corner reflector
1605:Beverage antenna
1567:Umbrella antenna
1532:Monopole antenna
1487:Franklin antenna
1400:
1393:
1386:
1377:
1309:
1303:
1298:. Archived from
1282:
1281:
1263:
1236:
1235:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1205:. USLegal, Inc.
1195:
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1129:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1078:
1072:
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1047:
1041:
1040:, 1993 â“’ IEEE.)
1030:
1024:
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997:
991:
985:
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967:. Archived from
955:
946:
941:
890:
878:
831:
819:
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644:half wave dipole
590:half-wave dipole
543:
536:
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308:
222:Cellular network
162:Passive radiator
61:
38:
21:
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1868:
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1862:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1797:Evolved antenna
1774:
1760:Vivaldi antenna
1735:Rhombic antenna
1660:Helical antenna
1650:Fractal antenna
1595:AS-2259 Antenna
1576:
1507:Helical antenna
1477:Discone antenna
1457:Coaxial antenna
1442:Batwing antenna
1434:Omnidirectional
1428:
1410:
1404:
1327:
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1165:Rumsey, V. H.,
1164:
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1148:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1120:(in Japanese).
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767:spiral antennas
759:self-similarity
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593:driven elements
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501:Spread spectrum
496:Reconfiguration
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358:Characteristics
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1822:Spiral antenna
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1755:Sterba antenna
1752:
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1740:Sector antenna
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1717:
1715:Plasma antenna
1712:
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1547:Sloper antenna
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1522:J-pole antenna
1519:
1514:
1509:
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1499:
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1472:Dipole antenna
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1325:External links
1323:
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1314:
1311:
1302:on 2022-01-22.
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1232:www.antenna.be
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1187:. page 4.
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1147:. Sm.rim.or.jp
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852:Channel Master
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773:but among the
734:driven element
707:driven element
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425:Radio spectrum
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345:Vertical plane
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1802:Ground dipole
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1695:Patch antenna
1693:
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1688:
1686:
1685:Moxon antenna
1683:
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1641:
1640:Curtain array
1638:
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1528:
1527:Mast radiator
1525:
1523:
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1518:
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1268:, p. 703-708.
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1069:J. IECE Japan
1064:
1061:
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1021:
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1002:
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987:
983:
978:
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954:
952:
948:
945:
940:
937:
931:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:antenna array
911:
907:
903:
889:
877:
865:
863:
861:
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853:
849:
841:
830:
818:
806:
794:
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697:
693:
689:
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681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
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653:
649:
645:
638:Basic concept
637:
635:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
608:
606:
602:
598:
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591:
587:
583:
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497:
494:
493:
489:
485:
482:
476:
475:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
455:Beam steering
453:
452:
445:
444:
436:
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431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
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411:
408:
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220:
218:
217:Amateur radio
215:
213:
210:
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193:
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145:
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138:
137:Coaxial cable
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
117:
116:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
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78:
75:
74:
70:
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:
32:
19:
1750:Slot antenna
1720:Quad antenna
1705:Planar array
1700:Phased array
1675:Loop antenna
1669:
1665:Horn antenna
1572:Whip antenna
1557:T2FD antenna
1502:Halo antenna
1497:G5RV antenna
1300:the original
1290:
1276:
1265:
1249:
1242:Bibliography
1231:
1222:
1211:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1184:
1174:
1166:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1121:
1118:J. IEE Japan
1117:
1107:
1095:. Retrieved
1090:
1087:J. IEE Japan
1086:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1008:
1001:
989:
977:
969:the original
962:
939:
899:
845:
770:
755:
745:
742:
727:
718:
704:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
641:
621:
609:
585:
581:
579:
566:
562:
558:
554:
552:
325:Ground plane
212:Antenna farm
69:Common types
1600:AWX antenna
1582:Directional
1452:Cage aerial
1306:MIL-STD-188
1185:Stereophile
751:UHF signals
650:, known as
575:frequencies
465:Beamforming
370:Directivity
320:Focal cloud
182:Transmitter
1847:Categories
1213:2022-05-04
1151:15 January
1128:31 January
1097:15 January
932:References
684:wavelength
470:Small cell
448:Techniques
375:Efficiency
365:Array gain
120:Components
102:Television
1793:(passive)
1655:Gizmotchy
1562:T-antenna
1416:Isotropic
1366:Maker Pro
1264:$ 15-5:
738:parasitic
692:frequency
688:bandwidth
676:main lobe
648:frequency
617:bandwidth
460:Beam tilt
340:Side lobe
330:Main lobe
315:Boresight
192:Twin-lead
152:Feed line
1812:Rectenna
1610:Cantenna
1371:EE Power
1313:See also
1250:Antennas
1207:Archived
920:, gain,
719:opposite
711:feedline
680:resonant
597:feedline
486:Massive
252:Wireless
167:Receiver
92:Monopole
51:Antennas
43:a series
41:Part of
1407:Antenna
842:History
227:Hotspot
205:Systems
172:Rotator
82:Fractal
1786:ALLISS
1256:
1016:
771:per se
405:Height
390:Factor
77:Dipole
1765:WokFi
1409:types
1287:from
1273:Notes
912:. An
906:bands
722:phase
682:at a
664:Sigma
656:sigma
601:phase
247:Wi-Fi
237:Radio
187:Tuner
127:Balun
1254:ISBN
1153:2014
1130:2014
1099:2014
1014:ISBN
964:IEEE
910:gain
854:and
730:Yagi
728:The
696:gain
666:and
613:gain
586:LPDA
400:Gain
177:Stub
147:Feed
107:Whip
87:Loop
746:far
668:tau
660:tau
654:or
632:UHF
628:VHF
619:.
584:or
565:or
1849::
1308:).
1294:.
1230:.
1201:.
1183:.
1122:69
1116:.
1091:69
1089:.
1085:.
961:.
950:^
753:.
662:.
559:LP
553:A
45:on
1399:e
1392:t
1385:v
1262:.
1234:.
1216:.
1155:.
1132:.
1101:.
1049:"
1032:"
1022:.
781:0
779:η
652:d
557:(
542:e
535:t
528:v
289:)
285:(
20:)
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