297:. They maintain that the hammer, which was partially embedded in a small, limy rock concretion, originated in a Cretaceous rock formation (or an Ordovician or Silurian one, depending on the account), thus contradicting the standard geologic timetable. However, the hammer was not documented in situ and has not been reliably associated with any specific host formation. Other relatively recent implements have been found encased in by similar nodules and can form within centuries or even decades under proper conditions (Stromberg, 2004). The hammer in question was probably dropped or discarded by a local miner or craftsman within the last few hundred years, after which dissolved limy sediment hardened into a nodule around it.
371:. Skeptics argue that minerals could have cemented the hammer around the Cretaceous rock after it was dropped or left behind. This could easily lead novice geologists to believe that the hammer and the rock formation are from the same time period. The only true method of determining the age of the hammer is through Carbon 14 dating of the wooden handle, but Baugh has yet to authorize this procedure. The handle appears to be partially fossilized, so this certainly adds to the argument that this a very ancient tool. But fossilization can occur prematurely through various natural methods. To skeptics, the hammer appears to be a tool that was abandoned or lost some 200 years ago, but to it's [
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First of all, there are conflicting reports as to where the object was actually located in the surrounding rocks. And there is no photographic evidence of the object prior to being disturbed. One report states that the hammer was embedded in a rock formation dating from the
Cretaceaus Period (65-135
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The hammer was purportedly found by a local couple, Max Hahn and a female friend, while out walking along the course of the Red Creek near the town of London. They spotted a curious piece of loose rock with a bit of wood embedded in it and took it home with them. A decade later, their son Max broke
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The metal hammerhead is approximately 6 inches (15 centimeters) long and has a diameter of 1 in (25 mm), leading some to suggest that this hammer was not used for large projects, but rather for fine work or soft metal. The metal of the hammerhead consists of 96.6%
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Other observers have noted that the hammer is stylistically consistent with typical
American tools manufactured in the region in the late 19th century. Its design is consistent with a miner's hammer. One possible explanation for the rock containing the
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One of his principal pieces of evidence for human contemporaneity with supposedly ancient geological strata is an iron hammer with a wooden handle found near London, Texas by others in the 1930s in an "Ordovician" stone concretion..." (Baugh,
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An iron and wooden hammer, sometimes called the "London
Artifact" or "London Hammer," found by local hikers in a creek bed near London, Texas in 1936, has been promoted by Carl Baugh and other strict creationists as an out-of-place
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million years ago), whilst others stating from
Ordovician strata. But other accounts state that Mr. Hahn found the hammer bearing nodule "near" these surrounding rocks, lying loose not
116:. The tool is identical to late 19th-century mining hammers, and the most likely explanation for its encasement in rock is that a deposit of highly soluble
155:, who claimed the artifact was a "monumental 'pre-Flood' discovery." He has used it as the basis of speculation of how the atmospheric quality of an
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Helfinstine, Robert F.; Roth, Jerry D. (2007). "Texas Tracks and
Artifacts: Do Texas Fossils Indicate Coexistence of Men and Dinosaurs?".
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may have formed a concretion around the object via a common process (like that of a
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purchased the hammer around 1983 and began to promote it as "the London
Artifact".
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formed and hardened around it within a relatively short time.
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in 1936. Part of the hammer is embedded in a limey rock
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open the rock to find the concealed hammerhead within.
104:") is a hammer made of iron and wood that was found in
277:"The London Hammer: An Alleged Out-of-Place Artifact"
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16:Hammer found in London, Texas, in 1936
253:National Center for Science Education
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349:Middleton, Jim (July 20, 2011).
275:Kuban, Glen J. (July 14, 2006).
444:1936 archaeological discoveries
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408:"The London Artifact (Texas)"
389:"Giant Humans and Dinosaurs"
239:Cole, J. R. (Winter 1985).
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245:Creation Evolution Journal
469:Individual wooden objects
393:www.biblebelievers.org.au
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329:www.creationevidence.org
179:minerals in the ancient
165:Creation Evidence Museum
89:Creation Evidence Museum
281:Glen Kuban's Web Sites
60:1 in (25 mm)
52:6 in (15 cm)
325:"The London Artifact"
35:London Hammer in 1986
208:32.23028°N 97.8053°W
100:(also known as the "
351:"The London Hammer"
241:"If I Had a Hammer"
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355:Historic Mysteries
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449:Creationism
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150:creationist
433:Categories
223:References
199:97°48′19″W
196:32°13′49″N
163:. Baugh's
153:Carl Baugh
118:travertine
110:concretion
65:Discovered
44:Iron, wood
181:limestone
295:artifact
173:artifact
139:chlorine
80:Max Hahn
41:Material
459:Hammers
369:in situ
286:July 7,
258:1983b).
177:soluble
137:, 2.6%
124:History
251:(15).
161:giants
143:sulfur
57:Width
419:2016
362:2015
336:2015
288:2015
135:iron
96:The
68:1936
49:Long
373:sic
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