253:
bridge across Long Island Sound to facilitate a mass evacuation from an approaching storm, as the two ferries and existing bridges in New York City lack the capacity to handle the evacuation of hundreds of thousands of Long Island residents in advance of a hurricane. Opponents of such a crossing argue that the cost of such a bridge or tunnel would be large and it would be likely to have adverse environmental impacts. Finally, the bulk of the opposition to a fixed crossing over Long Island Sound is from
Connecticut, where it is widely viewed that construction of such a crossing would come at great expense while providing little-to-no benefit for Connecticut residents. If built, a span across the widest portion of the Sound between New Haven and Shoreham would be approximately 22 to 25 miles (35 to 40 km) in length, possibly making it one of the longest bridges in the world.
617:
on-site. It is estimated that approximately 6,400 man-hours of work will be required, spaced over a three-year period. This means an average of about 2,100 men working on the project, with a peak force of perhaps 3,000 workers. In addition to the labor employed directly on contract work, both on-site and off-site, there will also be employment created in the furnishing of materials, supplies and services required for the project. Secondary economic benefits also will be realized from expenditures by workers employed on the project, both in the vicinity of the bridge site and elsewhere in the region. All of this economic activity will produce substantial additional income for the region, most of it without requiring additional permanent community services.
124:
525:. The statement also explained how the highway would become an extended part of I-287. The bridge was to be constructed with four lanes, about 135 feet (41 m) above the sound at maximum clearances and 55 feet (17 m) on the minimum clearances. There would be 1,200 feet (370 m) of a center between the two towers along the cable span. These minimums reported by the two authorities and Moses were equal to those of the bridges crossing the
640:. Opposition to the bridge was beginning to form on both sides of Long Island Sound. In addition, plans to turn the Oyster Bay area into a bird sanctuary and a protected park made working on the highway harder, as building on such protected places is forbidden by law. Faced with growing opposition, Governor Rockefeller canceled the plans for the bridge on June 20, 1973, nine years after the first proposal by Moses.
27:
460:(MTA), and Moses was removed from his role as chairman. He was retained as a consultant only because he would have a leading role in construction of the bridge. A number of excuses for delaying construction of the bridge were coming from the governor's offices. In 1969, the office said that the bond market, which would help finance the bridge, was too soft. The next year, there was a
572:
444:
262:
588:) would lose some of its congestion as traffic would be diverted onto the new bridge from Long Island rather than through New York City and on the East River bridges. This would also help the traffic flow from I-95 onto the Cross Westchester and raise the number of turning movements in the area. Similarly, the
1338:
Moses, Robert; Federal
Highway Administration; Metropolitan Transportation Authority; New York State Department of Transportation (November 1972). "Oyster Bay-Rye Bridge, Administrative Action Final Environmental Impact Statement and Section 4(f) Statement" (Document). Federal Highway Administration,
612:
Movement of goods will be an important function of the new bridge. For the first time, highway access will be available for freight movements to and from Long Island without the need to overcome New York City congestion. Freight shipments to Long Island are now charged at a premium rate. Construction
252:
Arguments in support of a fixed crossing over Long Island Sound focus on increased motor vehicle accessibility to Long Island and reduced travel times between Long Island and the mainland. Additionally, proponents of a fixed crossing argue that Long Island's vulnerability to hurricanes necessitates a
608:
Because the bridge will contribute to a healthy economic development of the region, it will have a favorable general effect on property values and therefore on the tax base. Consequently, it will tend to hold down tax rates. These favorable impacts may have been the experience of many transportation
559:
rather than
Bayville. The route would then pass to the east of the business district in Bayville and cross over the Mill Neck Creek on a viaduct with a 30 feet (9.1 m) clearance. Alternatives N-1 and N-2 were a bit more than 4 miles (6 km) long, and alternative N-3 was a little more than 3
567:
would have been built at NY 106 and NY 25A (North
Hempstead Turnpike), and ramps to and from Bayville Avenue were proposed to be used for southbound traffic. This would allow local residents to use the approach route but not have to use local roads in the process. The total costs for the
616:
Construction of a major project of the magnitude of the proposed bridge and its approach highways will provide a substantial number of jobs during the period it is under construction. Approximately 55 percent of the total cost of construction will be for labor, of which the major element will be
592:
would benefit from the diversion of traffic onto the bridge. The economic effects would be substantial, with a projected 11.8 million people using the bridge in the first year alone. By the fifth year, the proposed traffic volume was 16 million, and by its twentieth year in existence, 23 million
549:
Across the Sound in Nassau County, three alternatives were considered for the bridge approach. The first, designated N-1, went from Oak Neck Point southward to an underpass of
Bayville Avenue and into a deep cut of about 40 feet (12 m) near Mill Neck Creek. The cuts were to be built so they
604:
Employment opportunities will be broader for residents on both sides of the Sound. Individuals with special skills will have a wider field in which to locate, and there will be more opportunity to match skills with jobs. As a result, income levels will often rise as people will be more able to
600:
A wider regional market will be available to business enterprises on both sides of the Sound, thereby creating more favorable conditions for establishment of new businesses and expansion of older ones. This applies particularly to specialized enterprises serving areas broader than individual
550:
would be hidden from local properties. From there it would follow West Shore Road into Oyster Bay and utilize NY 106 to get onto the expressway extension. The second alternative, designated N-2, utilized most of N-1's route except for a cut through Mill Neck and onto a
372:
In 1957, a plan for a bridge to
Westchester County across Long Island Sound was first proposed by Charles H. Sells, a former commissioner for the New York State Department of Public Works. His proposal for the Oyster Bay – Rye Bridge, along with an eastern bridge between
568:
entire project were $ 200 million for the bridge itself and $ 52–72 million on the approaches, depending on which route was selected. Another $ 25 million would have gone toward the completion of NY 135 between NY 25 (the
Jericho Turnpike) and NY 106.
540:
in Rye for the approach. Proposals W-1 and W-2 would use Kirby Lane and Forest Avenue and be on a low-viaduct structure. Proposal W-3 would follow a narrow piece of land between Kirby Pond and the water between
Manursing Island. W-4 was to go through
593:
people would use the bridge. The tolls, $ 1.75 for passenger cars and a significantly higher toll for commercial vehicles, would lead to a $ 21.5 million increase in revenue in the first year and an increase of $ 43 million by the twentieth year.
554:
about 2,000 feet (610 m) long with varying clearances. After Mill Neck, it would follow the alignment of proposal N-1. N-3 was significantly different from the other two proposed and would use a longer bridge over the Sound, touching down in
660:
in
Westchester County. It would cost between $ 12 and $ 16 billion and would not be completed until at least 2025. The proposed tunnel would be 16 to 18 miles (26 to 29 km) long, making it the world's longest highway tunnel, longer than the
680:
also proposed a tunnel connecting NY 135 to Rye. This is also a highway in two tubes and a third tube for maintenance. After a polarizing debate, the NYSDOT released a statement saying the tunnel would not be moving forward at this time.
1313:
Federal
Highway Administration; Metropolitan Transportation Authority and New York State Department of Transportation (1972). "Long Island Sound Crossing: Draft Environmental Section 4(f) Statement" (Document). Metropolitan Transportation
545:
and head across the Sound near North Manursing Island. The approaches were to have retaining walls, side slopes, and screening which were to help blend in with the area and reduce the number of properties seized.
419:
Moses revealed the results of the study to the Nassau and Suffolk Regional Planning Board in February 1966. The Oyster Bay – Rye Bridge (originally the Bayville – Rye Bridge) was proposed to complete the
1623:
471:-controlled legislature in New York and governor were yet another reason to delay construction. With each delay, Moses continued to insist that the bridge would begin construction the next year.
486:
With the mainline construction of the Seaford – Oyster Bay Expressway completed, Moses turned his eyes back onto an extension of the freeway and onto a bridge across the Long Island Sound into
381:, were two proposed bridge routes off Long Island. Sells, however, suggested that the bridges' construction would not be necessary until Long Island's traffic and commuting began to increase.
613:
of the bridge could result in a reduction in rates for Long Island shippers and receivers, with a possible favorable effect on the cost of living as well as on the costs of doing business.
536:
In Westchester County, there were four proposed alternatives to the approach of the bridge. The first three proposals, designated W-1, W-2, and W-3, would use the undeveloped area around
652:
on Long Island and Rye in Westchester County, featuring two tubes carrying three lanes of traffic each and a third tube for maintenance and emergency access. The route would connect
474:
In 1970, Governor Rockefeller ordered another feasibility study, costing about $ 160,000. That same year, new federal laws that dealt with the environment required a new
436:
to the Seaford – Oyster Bay Expressway (NY 135) in Nassau County. The proposed bridge was to cost $ 150 million (1966 USD) and had the support of New York Governor
416:, worked with the Department of Public Works to commission a $ 150,000 study in 1964 by the firm Madigan-Hyland to study the feasibility of a bridge across the sound.
1618:
1456:
1608:
1578:
498:. Based on the Nassau County Department of Public Works Master Plan of 1959, the expressway would follow West Shore Road and Lundlum Avenue through Oyster Bay to
1532:
The tunnel would travel 6 miles (9.7 km) underwater and an additional 10 miles (16 km) under land to reach suitable entry points near the highways.
464:
for Rockefeller, and with the affected communities up in arms against him, he did not want to be put on the spot while running for re-election as governor.
1588:
1437:
Nash, Denise (February 1, 2008). "Hearing Held to Discuss Long Island Sound Tunnel Proposal. If Built, Would be Longest Motor Tunnel in the World".
494:). The idea, produced by Moses, was to extend the freeway northward past its current terminus, and along its previously proposed right-of-way past
1598:
542:
44:
1603:
1593:
749:
proposes a tunnel from Port Jefferson, New York to Milford, Connecticut as part of a new high-speed main line between New York City and Boston.
694:
The idea for a bridge dates back to the 1930s, but most studies were done in the 1960s and 1970s. Details can be found at the cited reference.
413:
1351:
241:
Private companies operate the automobile ferries between Port Jefferson—on north-central Long Island—and Bridgeport, Connecticut, and between
457:
467:
In 1971, financial problems resurfaced on the proposed bridge and delayed it yet another year. The following year, the campaign for the
178:
on the island. Feasibility studies for bridges and tunnels have been conducted for numerous entry points, as listed in the chart below.
384:
In seven years, Long Island underwent the transformation that Sells had expected, and the east–west arterials between Long Island and
648:
In January 2008, this idea was revived when developer Vincent Polimeni proposed building a privately financed, tolled tunnel between
91:
110:
1507:
533:. The main span would have a median divider separating the directional lanes, along with a girder box to allow for smooth passing.
123:
63:
468:
605:
utilize their maximum abilities. The need to relocate families in order to gain better access to employment will be diminished.
1194:
70:
1613:
637:
506:
475:
48:
731:
2007 – Long Island based entrepreneurs Vincent Polimeni and his son Michael, engineers Hatch Mott MacDonald, bankers
832:
278:
175:
1464:
1302:"A Comprehensive Transportation Study for Proposed Bridge Crossings" (Document). Creighton, Hamburg, Incorporated. 1971.
487:
429:
324:
155:
77:
405:
231:
649:
509:(EIS) for the bridge. The statement specified that the project was to include the approaches to the bridge (I-287 and
1230:"Traffic, Earnings and Feasibility of the Long Island Sound Crossing" (Document). Madigan-Hyland, Incorporated. 1965.
505:
In November 1972, Moses, the recently created New York State Department of Transportation, and the MTA submitted the
1407:
170:. The project has been studied and debated since the mid-20th century. The most recent proposal is a tunnel between
1583:
1018:
211:
59:
1051:
514:
424:
beltway around the New York Metropolitan Area. This was to be done by constructing a 6.1-mile-long (9.8 km)
351:
584:
It was believed that the bridge would have positive effects on both traffic and the local economy, as I-95 (the
1542:
1103:
940:
708:
1965 – Bertram D. Tallamy Associates performed a study for the New York State Department of Public Works.
653:
589:
378:
316:
312:
297:
286:
1001:
945:
355:
335:
246:
37:
702:
proposed the construction of an 18-mile bridge from Orient Point, New York, to Connecticut or Rhode Island.
556:
1083:
996:
973:
789:
564:
461:
393:
389:
374:
331:
1046:
1023:
784:
513:) and be a 16.5-mile (26.6 km) project, as that was the distance from the interchange of I-287 and
347:
234:, which are located on the northwestern corner of Long Island connecting the New York City boroughs of
1166:
922:
900:
837:
813:
705:
1957 – Charles H. Sells proposed Oyster Bay to Rye Bridge and Orient Point to Watch Hill Bridge
491:
433:
308:
274:
171:
84:
1129:
895:
808:
746:
585:
537:
304:
293:
968:
712:
499:
437:
401:
339:
227:
167:
917:
522:
163:
127:
1261:
1078:
718:
1971 – Creighton, Hamburg, Incorporated studied eight bridge proposals for the NYSDOT.
662:
242:
219:
151:
1219:"Master Plan for Nassau County" (Document). Nassau County Department of Public Works. 1959.
1170:
739:
1561:
1511:
1256:
699:
657:
421:
282:
1339:
Metropolitan Transportation Authority and New York State Department of Transportation.
1572:
530:
385:
343:
215:
199:
1195:"The Latest, $ 55 Billion Solution to Long Island Sound Crossing: Underwater Tunnel"
1378:
1277:
732:
677:
425:
409:
320:
210:; however, these connections require passing through highly congested parts of the
725:
set up a tri-state advisory committee to study building a bridge across the Sound.
397:
223:
187:
159:
147:
26:
1181:
735:, and Rubenstein Assoc PR people proposed a tunnel between Oyster Bay and Rye.
722:
526:
456:
On March 1, 1968, the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority merged with the
203:
571:
443:
261:
1415:
350:, which itself would be upgraded to interstate standards at least to the
728:
2001 – Robert Wiemer proposed a tunnel to link Oyster Bay and Rye.
1488:
670:
596:
Other than monetary benefits, there were also to be economic benefits:
551:
666:
510:
495:
265:
Map of the proposed bridges or tunnels crossing the Long Island sound
235:
195:
191:
143:
139:
570:
518:
442:
346:
which would continue through Long Island via the already existing
207:
758:
Proposals for the Sound link are listed below from west to east.
311:. This bridge would have connected to a completed version of the
1408:"Toll tunnel under Long Island Sound NY proposed - Sound Link"
636:
Moses ran into a problem once the proposal was brought to the
20:
715:
began a concerted effort to build a bridge across the Sound.
1163:
408:, both bridges already reaching their designed capacities.
1541:
This would have been a tri-state bridge, with a fork at
296:
on Long Island. This bridge would have connected to the
478:
for the highway, this time for the approaches as well.
342:, on Long Island. This bridge would be an extension of
319:. The bridge and expressway would form an extension of
1352:"Rockefeller Halts Efforts to Build L.I. Sound Bridge"
1624:
Proposed buildings and structures in New York (state)
396:, were congested with commuters. Motorists bound for
245:, much further east on Long Island's North Fork, and
218:
itself. People who wish to drive from Long Island to
292:
An alternative bridge connecting Rye to the city of
1486:Wiemer, Robert (June 3, 2001). "The Outer Burrow".
1164:
The Bridgeport and Port Jefferson Steamboat Company
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1508:"S. Berliner, III's Long Island Sound Tunnel Page"
656:(Seaford-Oyster Bay Expressway) on Long Island to
624:Oyster Bay – Rye Bridge Economic Impact Statement
1562:World's longest highway tunnel proposed for N.Y.
598:
400:or upstate regions of New York had to take the
1545:and separate termini at Groton and Watch Hill.
1457:"Cuomo pushes Sound tunnel despite opposition"
502:, where it would connect to the new crossing.
16:Proposed bridge or tunnel in the northeast US
8:
1401:
1399:
1502:
1500:
760:
676:During his second term, New York Governor
1245:. Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board.
669:. A hearing on this proposal was held in
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
517:in Rye to the interchange of NY 135 and
260:
226:have no better option than to cross the
130:at night, with nearby settlements marked
122:
1377:Winzelberg, David (December 19, 2008).
1156:
1619:Proposed road tunnels in North America
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
414:Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority
1609:Proposed tunnels in the United States
1579:Proposed bridges in the United States
1455:Madore, James T. (January 26, 2018).
1450:
1448:
1193:Ormseth, Matthew (January 15, 2018).
458:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
7:
1350:Clines, Francis X. (June 21, 1973).
49:adding citations to reliable sources
1406:Samuel, Peter (November 26, 2007).
1392:– via Polimeni International.
575:NY 135 sign on NY 25 eastbound
440:and many officials on Long Island.
281:on Long Island. This would extend
269:Several routes have been proposed:
222:state's mainland or to any part of
1589:Transportation in New York (state)
354:in Yaphank and possibly as far as
285:onto Long Island via the existing
190:is already connected directly via
14:
1278:"Oyster Bay-Rye Bridge (unbuilt)"
742:proposed a NY 135 to Rye tunnel.
447:North stub end of the expressway
25:
721:1979 – New York Governor
711:1966 – New York Governor
36:needs additional citations for
1599:Transportation in Rhode Island
638:Federal Highway Administration
622:Robert Moses, NYSDOT and MTA,
507:environmental impact statement
476:Environmental Impact Statement
273:A bridge or tunnel connecting
1:
1604:Transportation in New England
1594:Transportation in Connecticut
1265:. Vintage Books-Random House.
287:Seaford–Oyster Bay Expressway
1243:Proposed Bayville-Rye Bridge
430:Cross Westchester Expressway
313:Babylon–Northport Expressway
1558:The Philadelphia Inquirer:
700:U.S. Senator Royal Copeland
428:suspension bridge from the
330:A bridge connecting either
277:in Westchester County with
1640:
1494:Cited in S. Berliner, III.
1135:23.8 miles (38.3 km)
1108:15.4 miles (24.8 km)
1028:20.1 miles (32.3 km)
978:24.0 miles (38.6 km)
950:14.5 miles (23.3 km)
323:, which currently ends at
298:Glen Cove Arterial Highway
212:New York metropolitan area
1383:Long Island Business News
1379:"Tunnel plan plows ahead"
563:On the Nassau side, full
1276:Anderson, Steve (2009).
862:6.1 miles (9.8 km)
842:6.1 miles (9.8 km)
818:4.6 miles (7.4 km)
794:3.3 miles (5.3 km)
590:Hutchinson River Parkway
560:miles (5 km) long.
482:Oyster Bay to Rye Bridge
379:Watch Hill, Rhode Island
60:"Long Island Sound link"
1169:March 31, 2008, at the
565:cloverleaf interchanges
406:Bronx–Whitestone Bridge
336:East Haven, Connecticut
247:New London, Connecticut
232:Bronx–Whitestone Bridge
1241:Moses, Robert (1966).
1056:10 miles (16 km)
881:16 miles (26 km)
738:2018 – Governor
629:
576:
462:gubernatorial election
448:
394:Long Island Expressway
390:Northern State Parkway
352:Long Island Expressway
266:
174:, on the mainland and
136:Long Island Sound link
131:
1614:Proposed road bridges
754:Proposals by location
673:on January 24, 2008.
574:
446:
348:William Floyd Parkway
264:
126:
887:$ 8 to $ 10 billion
309:Norwalk, Connecticut
303:A bridge connecting
45:improve this article
1418:on November 2, 2013
747:North Atlantic Rail
586:New England Thruway
543:Port Chester Harbor
305:Asharoken, New York
1356:The New York Times
713:Nelson Rockefeller
577:
488:Westchester County
449:
438:Nelson Rockefeller
412:, chairman of the
402:Throgs Neck Bridge
340:Shoreham, New York
267:
228:Throgs Neck Bridge
168:Throgs Neck Bridge
156:Westchester County
132:
1584:Long Island Sound
1514:on April 21, 2008
1492:. pp. B1–B2.
1182:Cross Sound Ferry
1148:
1147:
773:Bridge or tunnel
690:Proposals by year
685:List of proposals
289:in Nassau County.
164:Long Island Sound
128:Long Island Sound
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120:
113:
95:
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1463:. Archived from
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1414:. Archived from
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1262:The Power Broker
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490:(in the city of
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1467:on May 19, 2018
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1171:Wayback Machine
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990:
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776:Estimated cost
767:Northern point
764:Southern point
756:
740:Andrew M. Cuomo
692:
687:
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356:Sunrise Highway
300:on Long Island.
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835:
829:
828:
825:
824:$ 150 million
822:
819:
816:
811:
805:
804:
801:
800:$ 132 million
798:
795:
792:
787:
781:
780:
779:Year proposed
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
755:
752:
751:
750:
743:
736:
729:
726:
719:
716:
709:
706:
703:
691:
688:
686:
683:
658:Interstate 287
645:
642:
633:
630:
619:
609:improvements.
581:
578:
483:
480:
453:
450:
422:Interstate 287
388:, such as the
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
359:
328:
317:Suffolk County
301:
290:
283:Interstate 287
258:
255:
183:
180:
138:is a proposed
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1636:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1479:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1422:September 11,
1417:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1309:
1306:
1298:
1295:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1226:
1223:
1215:
1212:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:Orient Point
1125:
1124:
1118:
1114:$ 392 million
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:Orient Point
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1064:$ 390 million
1062:$ 206 million
1061:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1034:$ 510 million
1033:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
988:
984:$ 565 million
983:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
960:
956:$ 219 million
955:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
911:
909:
906:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
873:
869:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
850:
847:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
802:
799:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
762:
759:
753:
748:
745:2021 –
744:
741:
737:
734:
730:
727:
724:
720:
717:
714:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:1938 –
697:
696:
695:
689:
684:
682:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
663:Lærdal Tunnel
659:
655:
651:
643:
641:
639:
631:
625:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
594:
591:
587:
579:
573:
569:
566:
561:
558:
553:
547:
544:
539:
538:Playland Park
534:
532:
531:New York City
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
481:
479:
477:
472:
470:
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463:
459:
451:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:New York City
382:
380:
376:
367:
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:Interstate 91
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:
325:Interstate 95
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
291:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:
270:
263:
256:
254:
250:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:New York City
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:Staten Island
197:
193:
189:
181:
179:
177:
173:
172:Rye, New York
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
129:
125:
115:
112:
104:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1537:
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:the original
1487:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1465:the original
1460:
1438:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1416:the original
1411:
1386:. Retrieved
1382:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1355:
1345:
1308:
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:
1271:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1236:
1225:
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1198:
1188:
1177:
1159:
1079:Orient Point
1052:Old Saybrook
997:Wading River
912:Before 1971
790:New Rochelle
757:
733:Bear Stearns
693:
678:Andrew Cuomo
675:
647:
644:21st century
635:
623:
615:
611:
607:
603:
601:localities.
599:
595:
583:
562:
548:
535:
504:
485:
473:
466:
455:
426:cable-stayed
418:
410:Robert Moses
383:
375:Orient Point
371:
363:Plan history
321:U.S. Route 7
268:
251:
240:
214:and through
185:
166:east of the
135:
133:
107:
101:October 2022
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1358:. p. 1
1199:courant.com
1047:East Marion
875:Oyster Bay
856:Oyster Bay
785:Sands Point
557:Ferry Beach
432:(I-287) in
398:New England
358:in Shirley.
327:in Norwalk.
315:in western
224:New England
206:and to the
188:Long Island
160:Connecticut
148:Long Island
1573:Categories
1314:Authority.
1151:References
1104:Watch Hill
1002:East Haven
946:Bridgeport
833:Oyster Bay
723:Hugh Carey
650:Oyster Bay
632:Opposition
527:East River
469:Republican
279:Oyster Bay
182:Background
176:Oyster Bay
71:newspapers
1518:March 12,
1287:April 11,
1204:April 25,
1084:East Lyme
1019:Riverhead
974:New Haven
925:-Norwalk
896:Northport
809:Glen Cove
654:Route 135
368:1957 plan
332:New Haven
294:Glen Cove
204:Manhattan
162:, across
1388:June 29,
1362:July 18,
1282:NYCRoads
1259:(1974).
1167:Archived
1024:Guilford
969:Shoreham
620:—
580:Benefits
500:Bayville
452:Setbacks
392:and the
220:New York
186:Western
152:New York
1489:Newsday
1471:May 18,
1461:Newsday
1138:Bridge
1111:Bridge
1090:Tunnel
1059:Bridge
1031:Bridge
1008:Bridge
981:Bridge
953:Bridge
930:Tunnel
923:Noroton
918:Syosset
907:Bridge
901:Norwalk
884:Tunnel
865:Tunnel
845:Bridge
821:Bridge
797:Bridge
770:Length
671:Syosset
552:viaduct
523:Syosset
404:or the
338:, with
230:or the
196:bridges
192:tunnels
85:scholar
1130:Groton
667:Norway
626:(1973)
511:NY 135
496:NY 106
257:Routes
243:Orient
236:Queens
144:tunnel
140:bridge
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1144:1963
1121:1971
1095:1966
1073:1979
1041:1979
1013:1979
991:1979
963:1968
935:2001
890:2007
870:2001
851:1971
827:1971
803:1971
519:NY 25
307:, to
208:Bronx
202:, to
154:, to
92:JSTOR
78:books
1520:2008
1473:2018
1424:2015
1390:2017
1364:2010
1289:2009
1206:2018
1119:1965
1071:1971
1069:1965
1039:1971
989:1971
961:1965
878:Rye
859:Rye
515:I-95
377:and
194:and
134:The
64:news
838:Rye
814:Rye
665:in
529:in
521:in
492:Rye
434:Rye
334:or
275:Rye
198:to
158:or
142:or
47:by
1575::
1499:^
1459:.
1447:^
1410:.
1398:^
1381:.
1354:.
1320:^
1280:.
1197:.
249:.
150:,
1522:.
1475:.
1441:.
1426:.
1366:.
1291:.
1208:.
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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