806:
could not be sustained, and therefore the interlocutor must be remitted, and the case on the other points sent back to the Court of
Session. The question before their Lordships were two in number- first, as to the form, whether the appeal was competent; and, secondly as to the merits, whether the respondents, owners and drovers of cattle and sheep, had a right to stance - a place for resting and feeding their cattle on their way from the north and west Highlands to the south -on the lands of Inverouran and Inverruach, in the parish of Glenorchy, of which the appellant was the proprietor. The Chancellor, in moving judgment, held that the appeal was competent. On the chief question, he observed — It was contended, in the argument for the respondents, that the stances were indispensably necessary to the convenient travelling of the cattle; and that without them the drove roads - of which he would not give any opinion, as there was no question raised as to the right of way in the appeal - would be useless. But the stances themselves were claimed as of right. The respondents, in their pleadings, say certain places for resting and refreshing sheep and cattle on their journey are , indispensable; these, places are situated at average distances of 10 miles from each other, and are invariable and indispensable accompaniments to the drove roads And the Court in its interlocutor "finds that there are relative averments fit to be the subject of a jury trial" But the right claimed appeared to nothing less than a right to pasture the cattle certain distances in the drove-roads on other men's lands, without payment and without con sent or agreement. There was no principle which could be referred to as supporting such a right. There be no principle authorising the depasturing of cattle upon another man's land, in respect right of passing over a road which ran through that, land. Under these circumstances, the interlocutor of the Court that the averments were relevant— in other words, that such a claim might be supported as a legal claim - appeared to his lordship to be erroneous; and he moved that that interlocutor should be discharged, and the case remitted to the Court of Session to take such course as should be proper with respect thereto. Lord Brougham agreed with the Lord Chancellor. Lord Campbell said, the public might have passage over a road, but not the right of having their cattle fed in the course of the passage. In a case of this kind in England, if the owner of fields lying by the side of the road brought an action of trespass because the cattle ate the herbage at the sides of the road, the only defence would be that of excuse, because the drover could not prevent them, but it would be no defence that the drover had a right to allow them take it; still less that the owner of adjoining fields was to bound furnish places where the cattle might rest and feed on the way. If there was an abuse of the rights of property in refusing maintain these stances, as the respondents seemed to think the proper remedy was not by appeal to the courts of law, which could only administer existing rights, but to the Legislature, which had the authority create new rights.
167:, travelling substantial distances. Rural England, Wales and Scotland are crossed by numerous drove roads that were used for this trade, many of which are now no more than tracks, and some lost altogether. The word "drover" (porthmon in Welsh) is used for those engaged in long distance trade – distances which could cover much of the length of Britain or other world regions where droving was used – while "cattle driver" was used for those taking cattle to local markets.
636:
56:
191:
provided: These are to give Notice, that every Person offending against the said Act of
Parliament, forfeits the Sum of Five Founds for every Offence, and that if any Person shall from hence- forth presume to use or carry on the said Business of a Drover or Badger, within the said County of Durham, without a proper Licence, he will be prosecuted according to Law.
40:
717:
374:
868:. The peak period for cattle driving was between 1850s and 1910s. In this period, about 27 million cattle were moved during that time. The riders covered long distances. Both riders and stock animals were in need of rest, this resulted in formation of "cow towns" across the frontier. The first of them were
652:
feed (in the form of the grass) that would otherwise be wasted. Historically, the long acre was also grazed by herds or flocks moving from place to place, either on long journeys, or from one small local field to another. The long acre provided an important resource for such flocks and herds, perhaps
567:
were also driven to markets. Large quantities were driven to London. Cattle were shod with iron shoes; geese could be driven through a pan of tar mixed with sawdust, grit or ground shells or fitted with pads to protect their feet. The feet of turkeys could be tarred and sanded. Daniel Defoe recorded
647:
is a traditional term for wide grassy road verges. In some places, such as
Australia, New Zealand, and parts of the British Isles, rural roads are often separated from adjoining paddocks and fields by both a hedge or fence and a wide grass verge. Rather than leaving this verge fallow, farmers often
207:
DOG LICENCE DUTY The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER. In reply to Mr. Mark
Stewart, said that the present exemption from dog licence duty in favour shepherds' and farmers' dogs applied only to dogs exclusively employed and kept on farms. He could not extend the exemption to cattle and sheep drovers’ and
190:
Whereas several
Persons have of late used and carried on the Business of a Drover of Cattle, and of a common Badge Carrier, Buyer and Seller of Com and Grain, butter and Cheese, within the County Palatine, of Durham, without, being thereunto licenced according to the Statute in that Behalf made and
833:
Drovers and other road users could come into conflict. In 1916 a new order compelled farmers and drovers of cattle, sheep, et cetera, to carry lamps at the front and rear of herds or flocks, such lamps "to be visible for a reasonable distance", and swung to and fro on the approach of any vehicle to
805:
DROVE STANCES. THE MARQUIS OF BREADALBANE V MACGREGOR AND OTHERS. Judgment was given on this appeal by the House of Lords on
Thursday last. It will seen that the decision of their Lordships is contrary to that of the Court of Session. They held that right of the respondents to the drove-stances
174:
A newspaper reported that the dogs mostly used in London for droving to the outlying butcheries and depots were principally collies, but in this show were a few of the old
English bob-tailed animals seldom seen in London except on show, and not so often seen in the country as was the case thirty or
762:
Droving declined during the nineteenth century, through a combination of agricultural change, the introduction of railway transport from the 1840s, cattle disease, and more intensive use of the countryside through which the stock had passed for hundreds of years. For example, importation of cattle
588:
18. No dog accompanying a drover or of the description ordinarily used by drovers or persons in charge of cattle, sheep, or swine shall be brought into any part of
Ireland by any person, if the last place on land from whence such dog shall have been brought shall be any part of Great Britain. 19.
541:, to avoid the problems of large numbers of stock being driven through the streets. Cattle were also driven to other major cities, to areas of intermediate grazing to be fattened for market, and to markets and fairs. Many of the greatest stock fairs, such as Tan Hill, Yarnbury and White Sheet in
855:
and South
American cattle drivers are similar in nature, although distances were often greater; like most routes they started out by following a general geographic route before becoming roadways. They were a major economic activity in the 19th and early 20th century. Particularly common in the
572:
to London each year, the journey taking three months to complete. There is reported to be a record of a wager in 1740 on whether geese or turkeys would travel faster – the winner being the geese which could graze as they moved, while the turkeys had to stop to be fed.
685:
ALL that old-accustomed and well-established DROVER'S HOUSE, called Tydd Gote Inn, with the Barn, Stable, Granary, and other Out-houses, Yard, Garden, and several Closes of rich Grass Land thereto belonging, containing Twenty Acres (more or less), situated in
170:
Drovers used dogs to help control the stock, and these would sometimes be sent home alone after a drove, retracing their outward route and being fed at inns or farms the drove had 'stanced' at; the drover would pay for their food on his next journey.
118:
ways were quite narrow as the horses moved in single file, whereas drove roads were at least 40 feet (12 m) and up to 90 feet (27 m) wide. In the United
Kingdom, where many original drovers' roads have been converted into single carriageway
668:
is occasionally encountered in Australia with the same meaning, although the term also has a more specific historical meaning, relating to the cross-country droving of cattle between Queensland and New South Wales along what is now the route of the
295:
in the early 14th century. Drovers from Scotland were licensed in 1359 to drive stock through England. These may be simply the earliest records of a more ancient trade. There is increasing evidence for large-scale cattle-rearing in
1735:
123:, unusually wide verges often give an indication of the road's origin. In Wales, the start of many droveways, drovers' roads are often recognisable by being deeply set into the countryside, with high earth walls or
657:, visible to the stock and to passing travellers as a single white tape. The use of the long acre as pasture has sometimes become formalised. For example, in parts of England, some have been registered as
813:
The last recorded large-scale cattle drove across Wales was in 1870, and of sheep in 1900, although droving was briefly resumed during the rail strike of 1912. In Scotland, the last drove over the
127:. The most characteristic feature of these roads is the occasional sharp turn in the road, which provided cover for animals and men in severe rain or snow. Some drovers' roads crossed mountains.
827:
When cattle were moved by rail by the North-East railway company, initially the drovers accompanied the stock on the goods train; later, they were required to use the passenger trains.
619:
systems in both London and Wales. David Jones, a farmer's son, came into contact with the drovers whilst employed at the King's Head in Llandovery and set up his own Black Ox Bank in
681:
Whilst drovers often slept in the open, there were pubs that catered for the needs of drovers and their stock. One such was the Tydd Gote Inn, advertised as a Drover's House.
576:
Repeatedly, regulations were put in place to try to control outbreaks of cattle disease and these included the drovers' activities. Penalties of £50 or more could be imposed.
790:
As the use of driveways declined and rights of way and responsibility for maintenance were disputed, evidence of usage by drivers could be given in court, as happened in
427:, in Castile. Along these grazing trackways, sheep travelled for distances of 350 to 450 miles (560 to 725 km), to the summer pasturages of the north, around
905:
580:
From the LONDON GAZETTE, July I . Extract of an Act passed the last Session of Parliament for preventing the Spreading of the Distemper amongst the Horned Cattle.
653:
forming a significant part of a small farmer's pasture. In Australia, the most common method of keeping grazing stock off a road is by the use of a portable
1411:
615:. In 1706 the law was changed specifically to prevent drovers escaping their debts by declaring themselves bankrupt. The trade promoted the development of
824:
An example of regular annual sheep droving is described as taking place "a short time before the war" in England between Dorset and Hertfordshire.
1725:
474:, which led from coastal plains to summer mountain pastures. They are documented from the 13th century and were organised in the 16th century by
1622:
1254:
182:
over several weeks or months required expertise and authority. There was licensing under legislation introduced in 1563 intended to control "
843:
155:
1679:
1664:
1649:
1100:
529:, in London, as the greatest meat market in the world. In 1855 it was moved to the outskirts of the city, to a site known as the
498:
1730:
596:
The regularity of the Welsh trade across Wiltshire is proved by an inscription in Welsh on an old inn (now a private house) in
1002:, especially the section on Eastern Hospitals for a discussion on a hospital at Loch Muick and the Capel Mounth Drovers' road
999:
1687:
Drove roads as local biodiversity reservoirs: effects on landscape pattern and plant communities in a Mediterranean region
466:
the transhumance pathways, more restricted by agriculture and orchards and less organized than those of Iberia, were the
366:
Medieval drovers' roads were wide by medieval standards, 20 metres across, with wide grazing verges on either side, the "
817:
is believed to have taken place in 1906. Corrieyairack Pass had also been used by droves of cattle and sheep from the
727:
263:
coincide with manorial or parish boundaries, suggesting that it predates them and probably had pre-Roman origins as an
1325:
830:
Despite the decline in droving, the annual Drovers' Tea in Norwich in 1906 organised by the RSPCA catered for 570.
1746:
695:
389:
the existence of migratory flocks on the largest scale, which were carefully organised through the system of the
534:
1454:
178:
Controlling herds of three or four hundred animals on narrow roads, keeping them healthy, and feeding them
1761:
624:
597:
1012:
974:
545:, were held on ancient sites to which cattle were driven for centuries, perhaps since prehistoric times.
513:. This established drovers' roads that continued without substantial change into the age of the railway.
505:
on the Aragonese model, and pastoralists were given privileges and restrictions, collectively termed the
1425:
635:
48:
623:
in 1799; the bank issued its own bank notes. The bank survived until 1909 when it was taken over by
378:
186:" of grain and drovers of cattle, although it seems to have been less rigorously applied to drovers.
894:
552:
416:
313:
151:
1135:
877:
814:
548:
526:
911:
821:; the last drove from Skye to use the pass occurred "in the closing years of the 19th century".
55:
1699:
Bettey, J.H. (1983). "Livestock Trade in the West Country during the Seventeenth Century", In
1675:
1660:
1645:
1618:
1250:
612:
530:
494:
236:
1612:
1209:
M.L. Ryder, "Late medieval transhumance in Western Europe" in Angus MacKay, David Ditchburn,
1192:
501:, but the arrival of rulers of Aragon in the 15th century saw the organisation of sheepways,
327:
out of Wales into England, to which cattle from Ireland were added. These were driven across
114:
Drovers' roads are often wider than other roads, able to accommodate large herds or flocks.
102:). Many drovers' roads were ancient routes of unknown age; others are known to date back to
1139:
340:
264:
260:
220:
1037:
873:
869:
791:
584:
During one disease outbreak, drovers were no longer able to take their dogs into Ireland.
356:
348:
183:
124:
1129:
1685:
Francisco M. Azcárate, Irene Robleño, Javier Seoane, Pablo Manzano, Begoña Peco. (2012)
1766:
801:
Drovers' rights to occupy a stance and pasture their cattle was also being challenged.
775:, had reached 20,000 per year in 1812, but fell to 1,080 in 1832, because they came by
654:
479:
428:
386:
351:, and ridgeways still known as the Old Shaftesbury Drove and the Ox Drove leading from
309:
232:
661:. In some cases the herbage of the drove was rented out to local farmers for grazing.
163:(those droving or driving livestock) accompanied their livestock either on foot or on
17:
1755:
889:
848:
687:
564:
436:
216:
120:
1144:
1741:
1226:
vol. I, 1957:29ff: the section on Spain's medieval drovers' roads depends on Darby.
772:
670:
556:
522:
344:
288:
223:. They were not necessarily literate but were respected as experts in their trade.
99:
452:
1169:, III, Record Comm.Edn., 1825, III, part 1, 415. Quoted in Haldane (1997), P 11.
1747:
Photograph of two drovers taken in Montgomery in 1885, from Gathering the Jewels
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768:
691:
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448:
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103:
91:
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60:
44:
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463:
456:
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408:
360:
336:
332:
280:
135:
115:
87:
1689:. Applied Vegetation Sciencen/a-n/a ; En ligne : 1 November 2012.
339:
to feed the growing population of London. The drovers made use of ancient
316:
period there was long distance movement of cattle, including stolen stock.
497:, patterns of transhumance established in Late Antiquity were codified by
39:
1222:
H.C. Darby, "The face of Europe on the eve of the great discoveries", in
589:
This order shall come into operation on the 25th day of January, 1866. —
328:
320:
301:
1273:
1997:220 map of transhumance trackways in later medieval western Europe.
784:
699:
649:
440:
248:
147:
95:
84:
31:
1701:
Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society
373:
861:
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400:
324:
284:
244:
240:
950:
857:
634:
560:
432:
391:
305:
283:
can be traced to the early 13th century, and there are records of
164:
443:, from the middle of April, and returning to winter pasturage in
818:
616:
292:
1738:, oral history of a 40-mile (63.4 km) cattle drove in 1943
710:
239:. For example, the old east-west drovers' road connecting the
611:
Much of the trade in cattle from Wales to London was done on
742:
738:
1742:
www.geograph.co.uk: photographs of Drover's roads today
1496:"The King against the inhabitants of Wisbech St Mary".
734:
834:
indicate the presence of an obstruction on the road.
208:
cattle and sheep drovers and cattle dealers' dogs. —
919:– roads specified for stock movement in Australia
1193:"Victoria County History of Wiltshire Volume 11"
803:
683:
586:
578:
205:
188:
1269:Darby 1957:31; Angus MacKay, David Ditchburn,
604:(worthwhile grass and a pleasant pasture) and
395:, gave rise to orderly drovers' roads, called
90:on foot from one place to another, such as to
1311:
1309:
737:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
8:
1555:. London: Faber & Faber. pp. 80–81.
1524:
1522:
59:A section of drover's road at Cotkerse near
960:
958:
906:Britain's Lost Routes with Griff Rhys Jones
287:driven from Wales to London and sheep from
600:, still visible in the twentieth century:
219:of 1716 and 1748, which were passed after
1143:
940:K.J. Bonser, "The Drovers", London, 1970
509:, that were reminiscent of those of the
372:
323:period there was a substantial trade in
138:in Wales is an example of a drove road.
54:
38:
1412:"Grazing the long acre in winter - LSB"
1249:(2nd ed.). Cicerone. p. 138.
933:
608:(good beer and a comfortable shelter).
255:of the same route. Many lengths of the
231:Some form of drovers' roads existed in
1672:Roads, Tracks and their Interpretation
568:that 150,000 turkeys were driven from
1611:Dykstra, Robert R. (1 January 1983).
1566:"Cattle Drovers and Railway Passes".
771:, which would then be driven through
7:
1165:Official Publication (1825). Rymer,
1134:. Oxford University Press. pp.
251:is along a similar alignment to the
1351:"From the LONDON GAZETTE, July I".
694:, adjoining the turnpike-road from
319:What is certain is that during the
235:times and certainly throughout the
27:Route for driving livestock on foot
844:Cattle drives in the United States
415:, emphasising royal patronage, in
377:Cañada Real Leonesa Occidental in
203:Drovers' dogs were also licensed.
156:Cattle drives in the United States
25:
215:They were also exempted from the
1530:Drove roads and packhorse tracks
1247:The Robert Louis Stevenson Trail
1224:The New Cambridge Modern History
715:
130:It is likely that the so-called
1498:Cambridge Chronicle and Journal
1128:Duignan, William Henry (1912).
951:http://www.heritagepaths.co.uk/
838:North America and South America
639:Cattle grazing on the long acre
1659:. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.
1598:Clitheroe Advertiser and Times
1585:. 8 December 1906. p. 10.
1484:The Decline of the Drove Roads
1182:, Trowbridge Publishing (1990)
1000:Hospitals in medieval Scotland
648:tether livestock on it to use
367:
247:region with London and thence
1:
1674:. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd.
1644:. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd.
1640:Addison, Sir William (1980).
1600:. 17 October 1941. p. 2.
1570:. 11 October 1892. p. 5.
1455:"History of the Long Paddock"
1370:. 26 January 1866. p. 4.
851:in North America by American
94:or between summer and winter
1482:Haldane (1997), Chapter 12:
478:. In some areas, such as on
1712:The Drovers' Roads of Wales
1710:Godwin and Toulson (1977).
1670:Hindle, Brian Paul (1993).
1657:The Drove Roads of Scotland
1553:Without Knowing Mr. Walkley
1500:. 14 March 1834. p. 2.
1330:www.yorkshirereporter.co.uk
1287:. 30 July 1981. p. 12.
1089:. 15 March 1890. p. 4.
602:Gwair tymherus porfa flasus
1783:
1528:Hindle (1993), Chapter 6:
1515:. 25 July 1848. p. 2.
1472:. 3 March 1826. p. 1.
1443:. 1 April 1882. p. 2.
1366:"At the Council chamber".
1059:. 23 July 1892. p. 2.
964:Addison (1980), Pp. 70-78.
841:
476:Statuts de la transhumance
419:, and most famous of all,
145:
29:
1714:. London: Wildwood House.
1355:. 1 July 1749. p. 4.
1074:. 24 May 1746. p. 3.
728:overly lengthy quotations
499:Frederick II Hohenstaufen
1655:Haldane, A.R.B. (1997).
1642:The Old Roads of England
1581:"NORWICH DROVERS' TEA".
1396:Shirley Toulson (1980).
1381:Shirley Toulson (1980).
1298:Shirley Toulson (1980).
1285:Central Somerset Gazette
1271:Atlas of Medieval Europe
1211:Atlas of Medieval Europe
1145:2027/umn.319510020569861
1131:Warwickshire Place Names
856:western states, such as
735:summarize the quotations
423:, including three major
30:Not to be confused with
1736:The Telford Drove Story
1617:. U of Nebraska Press.
1551:Olivier, Edith (1938).
1541:Haldane (1997), P. 221.
1426:"Grazing the long acre"
1057:Framlingham Weekly News
470:that fed into the main
271:Medieval drovers' roads
1707:, (1983), p. 123.
1283:"Royal Mail coaches".
1013:"The drovers of Wales"
975:"The drovers of Wales"
811:
704:
640:
594:
582:
382:
213:
201:
106:or more recent times.
64:
52:
18:Long acre (road verge)
1245:Castle, Alan (2007).
1055:"Our London Letter".
779:directly to ports at
676:
638:
503:tratturi delle pecore
376:
304:Britain. Cattle and
58:
49:South Gloucestershire
42:
1726:Border Collie Museum
1315:Haldane (1997) p 34.
1180:Droving in Wiltshire
1087:Londonderry Sentinel
1085:"Dog Licence Duty".
1044:. Shire. p. 23.
606:Cwrw da cwal cysurus
521:By the 17th century
517:17th century onwards
455:and the lowlands of
270:
210:Londonderry Sentinel
895:Drover (Australian)
490:(standing stones).
152:Drover (Australian)
43:Drover's Road near
1439:"Parish Meeting".
1332:. 12 December 2016
815:Corrieyairack Pass
707:Decline of droving
641:
563:and in some cases
383:
275:In Great Britain,
65:
53:
1624:978-0-8032-6561-5
1583:Norfolk Chronicle
1513:Inverness Courier
1511:"Drove Stances".
1353:Newcastle Courant
1256:978-1-85284-511-7
1072:Newcastle Courant
808:Inverness Courier
760:
759:
664:The related term
613:letters of credit
531:Caledonian Market
495:Kingdom of Naples
379:Province of Ávila
308:were part of the
237:Early Middle Ages
197:Newcastle Courant
175:forty years ago.
83:, is a route for
16:(Redirected from
1774:
1629:
1628:
1614:The Cattle Towns
1608:
1602:
1601:
1596:"Looking Back".
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1470:Stamford Mercury
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1441:Grantham Journal
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1199:. pp. 3–19.
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1038:Toulson, Shirley
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755:
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746:
719:
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711:
312:economy. By the
265:ancient trackway
261:English Midlands
221:Jacobite risings
199:
21:
1782:
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1777:
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1724:Droving at the
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1696:
1694:Further reading
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1345:
1335:
1333:
1326:"Yorkshire Man"
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1297:
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1235:Ryder 1997:220.
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1103:
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993:
983:
981:
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968:
963:
956:
948:
944:
939:
935:
931:
912:Slíghe Chualann
886:
846:
840:
792:Wisbech St Mary
756:
750:
747:
741:or excerpts to
732:
720:
716:
709:
679:
633:
535:Caledonian Road
519:
486:were marked by
413:azadores reales
349:Berkshire Downs
273:
229:
200:
195:
158:
146:Main articles:
144:
112:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1780:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1731:Cattle drovers
1728:
1720:
1719:External links
1717:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1668:
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1637:
1636:
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1573:
1568:Dundee Courier
1558:
1543:
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991:
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942:
932:
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927:
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925:
920:
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909:
902:
897:
892:
885:
882:
842:Main article:
839:
836:
767:in Ireland to
758:
757:
723:
721:
714:
708:
705:
678:
677:Drover's House
675:
655:electric fence
632:
629:
518:
515:
425:cañadas reales
387:medieval Spain
310:Romano-British
272:
269:
233:Romano-British
228:
225:
217:Disarming Acts
193:
143:
140:
121:metalled roads
111:
108:
79:, or simply a
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1779:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Droving roads
1760:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1745:
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1740:
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1734:
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1727:
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1698:
1697:
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1688:
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1680:0-7134-6598-0
1677:
1673:
1669:
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1665:1-874744-76-9
1662:
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1650:0-7134-1714-5
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1213:, 1997:219ff.
1212:
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1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1121:
1109:
1108:www.uea.ac.uk
1102:
1101:"Roman Roads"
1096:
1093:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1018:
1017:www.bbc.co.uk
1014:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:See entry on
995:
992:
980:
979:www.bbc.co.uk
976:
970:
967:
961:
959:
955:
952:
946:
943:
937:
934:
928:
924:
921:
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903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
890:Causey Mounth
888:
887:
883:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
850:
849:Cattle drives
845:
837:
835:
831:
828:
825:
822:
820:
816:
810:
809:
802:
799:
797:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
754:
744:
740:
736:
730:
729:
724:This section
722:
713:
712:
706:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
688:Tydd St Giles
682:
674:
672:
667:
662:
660:
656:
651:
646:
637:
630:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
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607:
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581:
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571:
566:
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546:
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536:
532:
528:
524:
516:
514:
512:
508:
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496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
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422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:
388:
380:
375:
371:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
227:Early history
226:
224:
222:
218:
212:
211:
204:
198:
192:
187:
185:
181:
176:
172:
168:
166:
162:
157:
153:
149:
141:
139:
137:
133:
128:
126:
122:
117:
109:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:drovers' road
62:
57:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1686:
1671:
1656:
1641:
1635:Bibliography
1613:
1606:
1597:
1591:
1582:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1552:
1546:
1537:
1529:
1512:
1506:
1497:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1469:
1463:
1449:
1440:
1434:
1420:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1382:
1376:
1367:
1361:
1352:
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1329:
1320:
1299:
1293:
1284:
1278:
1270:
1265:
1246:
1240:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1179:
1178:K.G. Watts,
1174:
1166:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1130:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:
1095:
1086:
1080:
1071:
1065:
1056:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1016:
1007:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:
969:
945:
936:
917:Stock routes
904:
847:
832:
829:
826:
823:
819:Isle of Skye
812:
807:
804:
800:
789:
773:Wigtownshire
761:
748:
733:Please help
725:
684:
680:
671:Cobb Highway
666:long paddock
665:
663:
644:
642:
610:
605:
601:
595:
590:
587:
583:
579:
575:
547:
523:Daniel Defoe
520:
510:
506:
502:
492:
487:
483:
475:
471:
467:
461:
424:
420:
412:
404:
396:
390:
384:
365:
345:the Ridgeway
343:, including
318:
289:Lincolnshire
276:
274:
259:through the
230:
214:
209:
206:
202:
196:
189:
179:
177:
173:
169:
160:
159:
131:
129:
113:
100:transhumance
80:
76:
72:
68:
66:
36:
1398:The Drovers
1383:The Drovers
1300:The Drovers
1197:Bishopstone
1151:2 September
1070:"Whereas".
1042:The Drovers
923:Overlanding
900:Esker Riada
796:Isle of Ely
769:Portpatrick
696:Long Sutton
692:Isle of Ely
659:common land
625:Lloyds Bank
598:Stockbridge
570:East Anglia
480:Mont Lozère
449:Extremadura
353:Shaftesbury
314:Anglo-Saxon
132:Roman Steps
110:Description
1756:Categories
1468:"To Let".
1336:30 January
1113:30 January
1022:31 January
984:31 January
929:References
878:Dodge City
765:Donaghadee
743:Wikisource
621:Llandovery
527:Smithfield
525:described
405:carreradas
298:Bronze Age
257:Welsh Road
253:Roman road
73:drove road
63:, Scotland
61:Blairlogie
51:, England.
45:Latteridge
866:Louisiana
798:in 1843.
787:instead.
781:Liverpool
751:July 2021
739:Wikiquote
726:contains
645:long acre
631:Long acre
543:Wiltshire
539:Islington
488:montjoies
472:carraïres
464:Languedoc
457:Andalusia
453:Alcántara
445:La Mancha
409:Catalonia
397:cabañeras
368:long acre
361:Salisbury
357:Blandford
347:over the
341:ridgeways
337:Berkshire
333:Wiltshire
281:placename
165:horseback
136:Rhinogydd
116:Packhorse
88:livestock
1705:vol. 127
1400:. Shire.
1385:. Shire.
1368:Welshman
1302:. Shire.
1040:(1980).
884:See also
591:Welshman
484:drailles
468:drailles
417:Valencia
329:Somerset
321:medieval
302:Iron Age
194:—
180:en route
104:medieval
77:droveway
1167:Foedera
874:Wichita
870:Abilene
853:cowboys
785:Glasgow
777:steamer
700:Wisbech
650:pasture
617:banking
553:turkeys
493:In the
441:Segovia
421:cañadas
381:, Spain
249:Suffolk
184:badgers
161:Drovers
148:Droving
142:Drovers
134:in the
96:pasture
85:droving
32:driving
1678:
1663:
1648:
1621:
1253:
1138:–123.
862:Kansas
690:, the
561:horses
559:, and
507:dogana
482:, the
437:Cuenca
401:Aragon
325:cattle
285:cattle
245:Exeter
241:Dorset
154:, and
125:hedges
92:market
1767:Roads
1104:(PDF)
858:Texas
763:from
565:goats
549:Geese
511:Mesta
433:Soria
392:Mesta
306:sheep
279:as a
277:Drove
98:(see
81:drove
1676:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1338:2021
1251:ISBN
1153:2009
1115:2021
1024:2021
986:2021
949:See
876:and
783:and
643:The
557:pigs
439:and
429:León
355:and
335:and
300:and
293:York
1140:hdl
1136:122
698:to
533:on
462:In
447:,
407:in
399:in
385:In
370:".
359:to
291:to
1758::
1703:,
1521:^
1328:.
1308:^
1195:.
1106:.
1015:.
977:.
957:^
880:.
872:,
864:,
860:,
794:,
673:.
627:.
555:,
551:,
537:,
459:.
451:,
435:,
431:,
411:,
403:,
363:.
331:,
267:.
150:,
75:,
71:,
67:A
47:,
1682:.
1667:.
1652:.
1627:.
1532:.
1486:.
1457:.
1428:.
1414:.
1340:.
1259:.
1155:.
1142::
1117:.
1026:.
988:.
753:)
749:(
745:.
731:.
702:.
243:/
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
