449:. It breeds all year, but most eggs are laid in July–November. The female lays 1–2 eggs, and she takes most of the burden of incubating them, incubation lasting 42 days. As she incubates, the male provides her with food. As is normal in birds of prey the eggs are laid asynchronously, as much as two weeks apart, and the female begins incubation as soon as the first egg is laid which means that hatching is also asynchronous. When the young hatch, they are initially mainly fed by the male. The period from hatching to fledging is about 53 days, and the juveniles remain dependent on the adults for about a further 2–3 months. The nests have been recorded as being preyed upon by
390:
49:
312:
105:
1393:
80:
303:. It is found throughout mid- and southern Africa, with differing home ranges due to food availability and suitable habitat area, but lives mainly on forest edges and near moist areas. Breeding may occur at any time of year, depending on food availability; it lays 1 or 2 eggs as is usual for raptors. It commonly eats smaller mammals, but will also eat other vertebrates and invertebrates.
467:
smaller, and to expand during the non-breeding season. Females forage closer to their chicks and travel farther to find their meals as the chicks grow and can fend for themselves. There are potential competitors for the long-crested eagles nest including black sparrowhawks and
Egyptian geese. Nesting space itself is also competed for by other raptorial species, including black kites,
418:(KZN) in South Africa of male long-crested eagles is between 0.56 and 11.6 square kilometres (0.22 and 4.48 sq mi) and the home range of females is 0.5 to 15.08 square kilometres (0.19 to 5.82 sq mi). Some individuals in KZN were observed to be 20 km away from the centre of their home range. In the
397:
The long-crested eagle is a bird of forest edges and moist woodland, particularly if that habitat is near to grassland, marsh, a river or a stream; it can also be found in drier woodland, mixed farmland, grazing land, the edges of sugar-cane plantations and orchards. Long-crested eagles will also use
440:
The long-crested eagle is territorial. The male displays during courtship, in which he performs steep dives and also uses a rocking, level display flight. They call frequently during these displays. Both sexes build the nest, constructing a stick platform with a bowl-shaped depression in the centre,
466:
Long-crested eagles breed throughout the year if enough food is available. Though they maintain their nesting territories throughout the year, females have been shown to leave the territory during the non-breeding season. Furthermore, home ranges during the breeding season have been observed to be
578:
The population is estimated to be in the tens of thousands and expected to increase. New areas of suitable habitat are being made for rodents due to habitat fragmentation, increasing the eagle's main food source. Although the long-crested eagle is listed as least concern according to the IUCN Red
340:
and feet are yellow, paling to white in males. The juveniles are similar to the adults, but the plumage is lighter in colour and the crest is not developed and their eyes are grey. The body length is 53–58 cm (21–23 in) and the weight of the female is 1,300–1,500 g (46–53 oz),
422:
province, the home range has been reported to be between 25 and 35 square kilometres (9.7 and 13.5 sq mi). Long-crested eagles in
Zimbabwe have been studied to have a home range of 40 to 65 kilometres. Finally, within these home range sizes, the mean distance travelled in a study by
583:(also called canker), which spreads quickly in dove populations. Predation of the doves by these eagles is becoming increasingly common, and trichomoniasis in the eagles causes major damage to the crop, pharynx, and mouth; as the damage progresses they become unable to eat.
579:
List, the species still encounters threats. These include habitat fragmentation and loss, poisoning, and accidents with power lines or vehicles. A more recent threat to the long-crested eagle is an increase in the number of doves due to feeding by humans. The doves carry
335:
and median underwing coverts are white, forming a noticeable white patch on the upper and lower surfaces of the wing which is visible in flight. The tail is black, barred with pale grey. The eyes of adults are bright yellow but can be darker in females, and the
441:
which is lined with green leaves. The nest is normally situated in the mid-canopy and very close to the trunk of a tree near the forest edge. If available, the long-crested eagle will often reuse the nest of another bird, for example, the
327:
often called
Kamusungu-sungu in Uganda. The adults are blackish-brown with long, thin feathers growing from the rear of the crown which are held erect to form a crest. The
3098:
3006:
2820:
562:. However, most authorities believe that re-classification of the booted eagles requires further work, and currently retain the long-crested eagle in the monotypic
515:). Birds, including owls and the young of other raptors, frogs and lizards, invertebrates and even fish and fruit are also recorded as forming part of its diet.
3032:
2859:
3088:
3073:
998:
2980:
2794:
3019:
2833:
718:
406:. They range in altitude from sea level to 3,000 m (9,800 ft), but it is unusual to find them above 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
660:
3093:
518:
The long-crested eagle is a "sit and wait" hunter which scans the ground from a perch and swoops on prey with a gliding flight.
2781:
991:
3024:
2838:
57:
1392:
802:
Maphalala, Machawe I; Monadjem, Ara; Bildstein, Keith L; McPherson, Shane; Hoffman, Ben; Downs, Colleen T (2020-07-02).
389:
48:
3037:
2864:
755:
104:
917:
880:"A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level"
2671:
984:
2698:
508:
223:
2719:
2633:
535:
206:
1487:
1477:
311:
1966:
1279:
1097:
629:
2967:
2768:
2711:
2680:
976:
819:
803:
551:
543:
1688:
1215:
468:
69:
1975:
1678:
1232:
726:
3078:
2364:
2327:
2303:
1760:
1628:
879:
845:
427:. was about 2 kilometres due to their sit and wait approach discussed in the food section below.
328:
247:
99:
1720:
1668:
1608:
1252:
1178:
687:
2825:
2293:
1800:
1740:
1648:
1638:
1618:
1546:
1289:
1269:
3045:
3011:
2954:
2872:
2851:
2742:
2685:
2060:
1730:
1699:
1329:
1309:
899:
656:
500:
442:
183:
482:
are up to 98% of the long-crested eagle's diet. In southern Africa the rodents taken include
3050:
2877:
2344:
1862:
1556:
1064:
1049:
946:
891:
835:
827:
624:
483:
332:
320:
2724:
3083:
2418:
1425:
1410:
1368:
1111:
1008:
156:
2945:
823:
606:
2903:
1924:
1454:
1076:
1012:
580:
460:
446:
3067:
2846:
2603:
2554:
2484:
2466:
2236:
2188:
1952:
1896:
1889:
1869:
1598:
1504:
1497:
1465:
1319:
943:"Saving the life of a long-crested eagle with severe trichomoniasis is no small feat"
849:
615:
454:
415:
89:
84:
31:
878:
Helbig, Andreas J.; Kocum, Annett; Seibold, Ingrid; Braun, Michael J. (April 2005).
2747:
2596:
2582:
2527:
2504:
2432:
2382:
2371:
2354:
2202:
2102:
2095:
2081:
2012:
1846:
1750:
1658:
1515:
1336:
1134:
366:
362:
319:
The long-crested eagle is a distinctive eagle when perched due to the long, shaggy
284:
280:
166:
2959:
2786:
2734:
831:
2930:
2993:
2939:
2890:
2807:
2665:
2568:
2398:
2256:
2216:
2195:
2172:
2074:
2067:
2053:
1835:
1814:
1588:
1577:
1445:
1188:
1166:
1148:
942:
895:
968:
2898:
2575:
2520:
2493:
2459:
2425:
2409:
2391:
2317:
2281:
2123:
2116:
2032:
1986:
1938:
1910:
1903:
1790:
1771:
1536:
1434:
1299:
1155:
1127:
1043:
570:
is thought to have diversified in a period between 5 and 7 million years ago.
419:
403:
2656:
2561:
2443:
2270:
2209:
2181:
2150:
2109:
2023:
1945:
1917:
1880:
1855:
1821:
1566:
1353:
1259:
1205:
1141:
1120:
378:
292:
116:
903:
2924:
2650:
2589:
2538:
2513:
2473:
2310:
2247:
2227:
2130:
2039:
2002:
1931:
1780:
1242:
1222:
1198:
1031:
865:
Birds of prey of
Southern Africa: their identification and life histories
491:
374:
358:
136:
17:
2985:
2799:
2706:
2547:
2337:
2141:
2088:
1710:
370:
350:
324:
950:
840:
2693:
2452:
2263:
2157:
1828:
1343:
1025:
495:
479:
450:
354:
126:
61:
2998:
2812:
2760:
2627:
2885:
2755:
2046:
1037:
531:
388:
310:
295:
288:
2773:
1807:
399:
341:
while the smaller male is 912–1,300 g (32.2–45.9 oz).
337:
331:
are black barred with light grey and with broad black tips, the
146:
2972:
2631:
1408:
1062:
980:
283:
characterised by its shaggy crest of feathers. In the family
808:
in human-modified landscapes of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"
381:, but in arid areas may be nomadic depending on the rains.
530:, recent research has suggested that this species forms a
349:
The long-crested eagle occurs in sub-Saharan Africa from
945:. University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science.
941:
Van Blerk, Chris (2022-06-23). Mnguni, Hlengiwe (ed.).
2360:
2350:
2333:
2323:
2299:
2289:
2008:
1998:
1963:
1796:
1786:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1422:
1349:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1211:
1194:
1184:
1174:
1108:
1093:
2914:
2640:
2537:
2503:
2483:
2442:
2408:
2381:
2280:
2246:
2226:
2171:
2140:
2022:
1985:
1962:
1879:
1845:
1770:
1523:
1514:
1464:
1444:
1421:
1367:
1165:
1107:
1084:
1075:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
630:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696134A93546422.en
526:Although it is currently in the monotypic genus
471:, jackal buzzards, and African harrier-hawks.
992:
653:SASOL Birds of Prey of Africa and its Islands
8:
2628:
1991:
1520:
1418:
1405:
1081:
1072:
1059:
999:
985:
977:
804:"Ranging behaviour of Long-crested Eagles
78:
47:
38:
839:
628:
713:
711:
709:
393:In flight in a game park in South Africa
750:
748:
746:
744:
592:
600:
598:
596:
884:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
254:
7:
558:). The merged genus would be called
398:exotic plantations such as those of
3099:Taxa named by François Marie Daudin
3089:Birds of prey of Sub-Saharan Africa
3074:IUCN Red List least concern species
971:The Atlas of Southern African Birds
616:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
25:
1391:
103:
766:. Iziko Museums of South Africa
655:. New Holland. pp. 94–65.
605:BirdLife International (2016).
651:Kemp, Alan; Kemp, Meg (1998).
377:. It is generally regarded as
315:A captive bird in South Africa
291:, it is currently placed in a
1:
832:10.2989/00306525.2020.1770888
725:. Wildscreen. Archived from
896:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.003
3115:
29:
1994:
1417:
1404:
1389:
1071:
1058:
1020:
534:with the spotted eagles,
253:
246:
235:
231:
212:
205:
100:Scientific classification
98:
76:
67:
55:
46:
41:
1015:and their extinct allies
623:: e.T22696134A93546422.
509:four-striped grass mouse
30:Not to be confused with
3094:Birds described in 1800
488:Thryonomys swinderianus
287:which includes all the
241: Extant (resident)
27:Species of bird of prey
688:"Long-Crested Eagle -
394:
316:
2904:Lophaetus-occipitalis
2699:lophaetus-occipitalis
2686:Lophaetus_occipitalis
2672:Lophaetus occipitalis
2642:Lophaetus occipitalis
806:Lophaetus occipitalis
764:Biodiversity Explorer
760:(Long-crested eagle)"
758:Lophaetus occipitalis
721:Lophaetus occipitalis
719:"Long-crested eagle (
694:. The Eagle Directory
690:Lophaetus occipitalis
609:Lophaetus occipitalis
536:greater spotted eagle
392:
314:
276:Lophaetus occipitalis
216:Lophaetus occipitalis
918:"Long-crested Eagle"
552:lesser spotted eagle
544:Indian spotted eagle
967:Long-crested eagle—
824:2020Ostri..91..221M
414:The home ranges in
198:L. occipitalis
70:Conservation status
42:Long-crested eagle
922:The Peregrine Fund
395:
329:secondary feathers
317:
271:long-crested eagle
58:Queen Elizabeth NP
3061:
3060:
3046:Open Tree of Life
2873:Open Tree of Life
2634:Taxon identifiers
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2167:
2166:
2061:Cryptoleucopteryx
1488:Amphiserpentarius
1400:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1363:
1362:
867:. UK: Croom Helm.
863:Steyn, P (1983).
566:. The lineage of
513:Rhabdomys pumilio
501:African marsh rat
443:black sparrowhawk
361:and south to the
267:
266:
261:
257:Falco occipitalis
187:
93:
16:(Redirected from
3106:
3054:
3053:
3041:
3040:
3028:
3027:
3015:
3014:
3002:
3001:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2975:
2963:
2962:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2907:
2906:
2894:
2893:
2881:
2880:
2868:
2867:
2855:
2854:
2842:
2841:
2829:
2828:
2816:
2815:
2803:
2802:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2776:
2764:
2763:
2751:
2750:
2738:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2714:
2712:14B9664A8926D2DB
2702:
2701:
2689:
2688:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2629:
2362:
2352:
2335:
2325:
2301:
2291:
2010:
2000:
1992:
1967:Archaehieraxinae
1965:
1863:Erythrotriorchis
1798:
1788:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1574:
1564:
1557:Apatosagittarius
1554:
1544:
1534:
1521:
1495:
1485:
1475:
1424:
1419:
1406:
1395:
1351:
1327:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1250:
1240:
1230:
1213:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1110:
1098:Parasarcoramphus
1095:
1082:
1073:
1065:Accipitrimorphae
1060:
1050:Accipitrimorphae
1001:
994:
987:
978:
969:Species text in
955:
954:
938:
932:
931:
929:
928:
914:
908:
907:
875:
869:
868:
860:
854:
853:
843:
799:
776:
775:
773:
771:
752:
739:
738:
736:
734:
715:
704:
703:
701:
699:
684:
667:
666:
648:
642:
641:
639:
637:
632:
602:
484:greater cane rat
469:Wahlberg's eagle
333:primary feathers
279:) is an African
259:
240:
218:
182:
108:
107:
87:
82:
81:
51:
39:
21:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3049:
3044:
3036:
3031:
3023:
3018:
3010:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2984:
2979:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2910:
2902:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2863:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2837:
2832:
2824:
2819:
2811:
2806:
2798:
2793:
2785:
2780:
2772:
2767:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2723:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2636:
2626:
2609:
2533:
2499:
2479:
2438:
2404:
2377:
2276:
2242:
2222:
2163:
2136:
2018:
1981:
1958:
1875:
1841:
1766:
1510:
1460:
1440:
1426:Horusornithidae
1413:
1411:Accipitriformes
1396:
1383:
1369:Accipitriformes
1359:
1161:
1112:Teratornithidae
1103:
1067:
1054:
1016:
1005:
964:
959:
958:
940:
939:
935:
926:
924:
916:
915:
911:
877:
876:
872:
862:
861:
857:
801:
800:
779:
769:
767:
754:
753:
742:
732:
730:
717:
716:
707:
697:
695:
686:
685:
670:
663:
650:
649:
645:
635:
633:
604:
603:
594:
589:
576:
556:Clanga pomarina
524:
522:Taxonomic notes
505:Dasmys incomtus
477:
438:
433:
425:Maphalala et al
412:
387:
347:
309:
242:
238:
227:
220:
214:
201:
181:
157:Accipitriformes
102:
94:
83:
79:
72:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3112:
3110:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3042:
3029:
3016:
3003:
2990:
2977:
2964:
2951:
2936:
2920:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2895:
2882:
2869:
2856:
2843:
2830:
2817:
2804:
2791:
2778:
2765:
2752:
2739:
2729:
2716:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2662:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2358:
2348:
2341:
2331:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2297:
2286:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2006:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1925:Lophotriorchis
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1851:
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2013:Garganoaetus
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1751:Titanohierax
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1709:
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1679:Palaeocircus
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1659:Palaeohierax
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1607:
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1516:Accipitridae
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1337:Sarcoramphus
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1233:Diatropornis
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1214:
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1135:Cathartornis
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925:. Retrieved
921:
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768:. Retrieved
763:
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731:. Retrieved
727:the original
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696:. Retrieved
689:
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634:. Retrieved
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574:Conservation
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367:South Africa
363:Eastern Cape
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345:Distribution
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281:bird of prey
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260:Daudin, 1800
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167:Accipitridae
36:
2994:iNaturalist
2940:Wikispecies
2808:iNaturalist
2666:Wikispecies
2569:Eutriorchis
2399:Icthyophaga
2365:Palaeoborus
2328:Mioneophron
2304:Arikarornis
2257:Chelictinia
2217:Terathopius
2196:Eutriorchis
2173:Circaetinae
2075:Geranospiza
2068:Geranoaetus
2054:Buteogallus
1836:Trigonoceps
1815:Necrosyrtes
1761:Vinchinavis
1629:Mioaegypius
1589:Dynatoaetus
1578:Cruschedula
1505:Sagittarius
1446:Pandionidae
1378:See below ↓
1189:Brasilogyps
1167:Cathartidae
1149:Taubatornis
636:12 November
410:Home ranges
369:, northern
307:Description
236:IUCN range
3068:Categories
2899:Xeno-canto
2576:Hamirostra
2521:Micronisus
2494:Lophospiza
2460:Harpyopsis
2426:Kaupifalco
2410:Harpaginae
2392:Haliaeetus
2318:Gypohierax
2282:Gypaetinae
2124:Rostrhamus
2117:Pseudastur
2033:Busarellus
1987:Buteoninae
1939:Polemaetus
1911:Ictinaetus
1904:Hieraaetus
1791:Cryptogyps
1772:Aegypiinae
1721:Proictinia
1669:Palaeastur
1609:Gobihierax
1537:Amplibuteo
1478:Amanuensis
1435:Horusornis
1300:Phasmagyps
1253:Geronogyps
1179:Aizenogyps
1156:Teratornis
1128:Argentavis
1044:Telluraves
1007:Genera of
951:2263/86050
927:2022-07-18
841:2263/76911
770:25 October
733:25 October
698:25 October
587:References
420:Mpumalanga
404:eucalyptus
3079:Aquilinae
2946:Lophaetus
2931:Q10787002
2916:Lophaetus
2562:Elanoides
2444:Harpiinae
2294:Anchigyps
2271:Gampsonyx
2210:Spilornis
2182:Circaetus
2151:Haliastur
2110:Parabuteo
2024:Buteonini
1946:Spizaetus
1918:Lophaetus
1881:Aquilinae
1856:Accipiter
1822:Sarcogyps
1801:Gansugyps
1741:Qiluornis
1649:Necrastur
1639:Miohierax
1619:Milvoides
1567:Aviraptor
1547:Aquilavus
1354:Wingegyps
1290:Pampagyps
1270:Hadrogyps
1260:Gymnogyps
1206:Cathartes
1142:Oscaravis
1121:Aiolornis
1024:Kingdom:
850:221822396
568:Lophaetus
564:Lophaetus
560:Lophaetus
528:Lophaetus
492:vlei rats
431:Behaviour
379:sedentary
300:Lophaetus
293:monotypic
192:Species:
178:Lophaetus
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
18:Lophaetus
2925:Wikidata
2886:Species+
2852:22696134
2826:10198002
2725:22696134
2720:BirdLife
2651:Wikidata
2590:Leptodon
2539:Perninae
2514:Melierax
2474:Morphnus
2419:Harpagus
2345:Neophron
2311:Gypaetus
2248:Elaninae
2228:Circinae
2131:Rupornis
2040:Butastur
2003:Bermuteo
1932:Nisaetus
1781:Aegypius
1731:Promilio
1700:Palaetus
1330:Pliogyps
1310:Perugyps
1243:Dryornis
1223:Coragyps
1199:Breagyps
1032:Chordata
1030:Phylum:
1026:Animalia
904:15737588
436:Breeding
375:Botswana
359:Ethiopia
248:Synonyms
163:Family:
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
3012:1364752
2986:2480474
2800:2480475
2774:1048927
2761:loceag1
2735:loceag1
2707:Avibase
2657:Q285522
2548:Aviceda
2338:Neogyps
2142:Milvini
2089:Ictinia
1711:Pengana
1455:Pandion
1048:Clade:
1042:Clade:
1036:Class:
1013:condors
820:Bibcode
812:Ostrich
480:Rodents
451:monkeys
385:Habitat
371:Namibia
351:Senegal
325:plumage
226:, 1800)
173:Genus:
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
3084:Eagles
3051:901442
3038:321110
3025:175571
2973:104283
2878:901444
2865:321111
2839:175572
2782:EURING
2694:ARKive
2604:Pernis
2453:Harpia
2264:Elanus
2237:Circus
2158:Milvus
1897:Clanga
1890:Aquila
1829:Torgos
1344:Vultur
1280:Kuntur
1009:eagles
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499:spp.,
496:Otomys
461:genets
355:Gambia
289:eagles
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224:Daudin
186:, 1847
62:Uganda
3007:IRMNG
2821:IRMNG
2787:32940
2756:eBird
2748:3VZW6
2732:BOW:
2047:Buteo
846:S2CID
532:clade
365:, in
321:crest
296:genus
3033:NCBI
3020:ITIS
2999:5334
2981:GBIF
2960:5GGJ
2891:5600
2860:NCBI
2847:IUCN
2834:ITIS
2813:5335
2795:GBIF
1808:Gyps
1038:Aves
900:PMID
772:2016
735:2016
700:2016
657:ISBN
638:2021
621:2016
475:Food
459:and
400:pine
353:and
338:cere
269:The
184:Kaup
147:Aves
2968:EoL
2955:CoL
2769:EoL
2743:CoL
2681:ADW
947:hdl
892:doi
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625:doi
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