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416:'s pattern search work, Writers Workbench would use at least three technologies that Cherry had already worked on: electronic typesetting, parts-of-speech analysis, and statistical analysis of speech. While Macdonald worked on the front end and integrating the program's utilities, Cherry continued to write code for the back end of the project. Cherry and Macdonald collaborated on an article for Bell Laboratories Record magazine in May/June 1983, an article in
438:
My feeling about a lot of those tools is their value in education is as much pointing out to people who are learning to write that they have choices and make choices when they do it. They don't think of a writing task as making choices per se. Once they get it on paper they think it's cast in stone.
216:
Cherry was promoted to a Member of the
Technical Staff (MTS) in 1976, giving her more freedom to pursue her own projects. One of the first projects that she personally initiated after becoming a member of the technical staff also involved use of trigrams to compress the text contained in a telephone
1352:
Six years ago, Lorinda Cherry, a computer scientist at Bell
Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey, added several programs to analyze English texts … Building on her work, members of the Documentation Technologies Group at Bell Laboratories in Piscataway, New Jersey, added dozens of complementary
378:
Cherry developed a method to identify the topic being discussed in a selected passage of text, which she used to create the first index for the Unix Manual. This technique was applied to other written works. Cherry also created a pocket command reference called the "Purple Card" to accompany the
446:
One of the last projects Cherry did was an analysis of transcriptions of calls to AT&T Trouble
Centers, searching these inconsistently formatted texts for evidence of systemic problems. The work resulted in changes in AT&T's internal policies. She was one of three co-inventors listed on
451:
emergency telephone services". In July 1994 Cherry was part of a group that worked to make AT&T's 1-800 numbers directory available on the nascent
Internet. The team dealt with both technical and political issues to produce the online directory, which became one of the first "Cool links"
1473:, Killian; Thomas J. (Westfield, NJ), Cherry; Lorinda (Gillette, NJ), Schryer; Norman (New Providence, NJ), "Method and system for verifying the status of 911 emergency telephone services", published 2009-06-25, assigned to AT&T Intellectual Property I, LP (Atlanta, GA)
172:, where her husband had earlier been posted. Cherry monitored the results of missile test firings. Prior to her departure to Whippany, she confirmed with Samuel Pope Morgan Jr., then director of computing science research at Bell, that she would be able to return to her previous position.
33:
408:— for it, which was expected to be the extent of her involvement. Development of what became Writer's Workbench was led by Bell psycholinguist Nina Macdonald of the Human Performance Engineering Department. Macdonald contacted Cherry to ask permission to use
420:
in
October 1983, and a presentation delivered to a joint meeting of the psychology and computer science divisions of the New York Academy of Sciences in 1981. Both also presented the software to a television audience on two occasions; on NBC's
433:
use the program on an early draft of a book he was writing, Cherry commented on the ability of tools like Writer's
Workbench to improve the quality of written text not only by correcting errors, but by changing how writers write. She stated:
175:
In 1971 Cherry joined the
Computing Science Research Center, where her work focused on graphics, word processing, and language design. Some of her earliest work there consisted of configuring systems to run an early version of
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They knew that the ultimate lesson was to teach students that writing is a series of choices, not a matter of pretty formatting on a laser printer. Cherry expressed her vision of the
Workbench's use…
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commands from the input. Cherry programmed a video display so that typeset documents could be previewed on a screen rather than having to create a photographic print. She also made contributions to
99:, where she was for many years a member of the original Unix Lab. Cherry developed several mathematical tools and utilities for text formatting and analysis, and influenced the creation of others.
127:
Cherry started as a
Technical Assistant (TA) at Bell Labs in 1966, initially working in Acoustics and Speech Research on vocal tract simulation. She received her Masters in computer science from
1743:
328:. She cowrote the 1979 edition of "Typing Documents on the UNIX System: Using the –ms and –mcs Macros with Troff" with Mike Lesk for the Unix Tenth Edition Manual. Cherry and Lesk created
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Miss
Landgraf, a graduate of Verona High School and the University of Delaware, will receive a master's degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in January.
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1744:"2018 NCWIT Summit — The Joanne Cohoon Memorial Plenary, #MeToo, Men & Tech: Possibilities & Perils in a Time of Change presented by Jackson Katz"
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Cherry died in February 2022, at the age of 77. Her death was announced on February 16, 2022. She was survived by her sister, Carynn Kelley-Katz.
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Cherry, L. L.; Fox, M. L.; Frase, L. T.; Gingrich, P. S.; Keenan, S. A.; Macdonald, N. H. (May–June 1983). "Computer Aids for Text Analysis".
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Most of the work on tying the plot filters together and breaking out device-dependent versions of libplot was performed by Lorinda Cherry.
367:, a technical paper, and three samples of graded text on different topics. One of the goals of this work was to see if the authorship of
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154:. Her time spent writing FORTRAN programs for others' projects convinced Cherry that her own interests lay in pursuing systems work.
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95:
Landgraf; November 18, 1944 – February 11, 2022) was an American computer scientist and programmer. Much of her career was spent at
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388:(wwb) writing toolsuite, to the extent that she considered herself the project's "grandmother". The project was conceived of by
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Smith, Charles R.; Kathleen E. Kiefer; Patricia S. Gingrich (July 1, 1984). "Computers come of age in writing instruction".
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486:(SCCA) in July 1967. She raced cars, served as marshal, and handled administrative duties. She also showed award-winning
107:
Cherry was born on November 18, 1944, to John F. and Evelyn K. Landgraf. She had one sister, Carynn Elizabeth. Raised in
609:
146:, and the Atoms program for creating images of three-dimensional stick-and-ball molecular models. She also worked with
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as having an "auditory syntax" that allowed equations to be written programmatically the same way they were spoken.
203:, a table of common English words, and the root-mean-square of the trigram indicies. This led to the development of
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Cherry participated in several projects that involved the statistical analysis of text. In one project, she and
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Cherry, L. L.; Lesk, M. E. "Typing Documents on the UNIX System: Using the –ms and –mcs Macros with Troff".
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could be determined by such an analysis. Another part of the same research used trigram compression and the
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794:"Atoms — a three-d opaque molecule system — for color pictures of space-filling or ball-and-stick models"
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Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Users of Automatic Information Display Equipment (UAIDE)
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Although most of her work was done for the Unix environment, Cherry's work was also included in the
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After the wwb was released in 1980, Bell Labs incorporated it into company-wide writing workshops.
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Cherry made several contributions to the development of electronic typesetting, many related to
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created by KuÄŤera and Francis to analyze specific vocabulary for use in Bell System Practice.
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1988 William G. Giltzow Award—For exemplifying "dedication and service to the NNJR-SCCA".
232:. Cherry's contribution to the effort was to develop a tool to identify parts-of-speech.
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speech synthesizer, work to add intonation was taken on by another researcher, possibly
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A Research Unix reader: annotated excerpts from the Programmer's Manual, 1971–1986
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688:"Betrothal Announced; Lorinda Landgraf Planning Marriage to Engineer This Fall"
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1438:"New Jersey Opinion; P.S.: It's Not Just What You Write, But How You Write It"
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programs, creating a series now known as the UNIX Writer's Workbench Software.
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related to computer graphics that resulted in the computer animation language
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Knowlton, Kenneth C.; Cherry, Lorinda (November 1969). "FORTRAN IV BEFLIX".
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Cherry built tools for creating and editing text. She made revisions to the
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1708:
1561:. Northern New Jersey Region — Sports Car Club of America. Archived from
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1732:. National Center for Women & Information Technology. March 2, 2018.
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1746:. National Center for Women & Information Technology. May 20, 2021.
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AT&T's patent on a "Method and system for verifying the status of
1668:"2018 Pioneer in Tech Award Recipients Lorinda Cherry and Evi Nemeth"
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professor William Vesterman, who wanted a tool that could analyze
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207:, a program that became the de facto spell checker for Unix until
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Cherry also worked on mathematical tools. She and Morris rewrote
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For a period of about one year, Cherry was attached to the anti-
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Cherry, L. L.; Lesk, M. E. "Tbl — A Program to Format Tables".
944:"A History of UNIX before Berkeley: UNIX® Evolution, 1975–1984"
1585:"Northwestern Connecticut Dog Club, Inc. — Doberman Pinschers"
1259:"Oral History of Malcolm Douglas (Doug) McIlroy — Part 2 of 2"
342:
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developed a technique to identify typographical errors using
16:
Computer scientist and original Unix team member (1944–2022)
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sixth and seventh editions of the Unix Programmers Manual.
1656:. Sports Car Club of America — Northern New Jersey Region.
829:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. xviii.
332:, a tool for formatting tables. She personally authored
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Cherry, Lorinda L.; Macdonald, Nina H. (October 1983).
482:, joined the Northern New Jersey Region chapter of the
115:
and received a Bachelor of Arts (Mathematics) from the
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National Center for Women & Information Technology
1546:. Sports Car Club of America. August 2017. p. 76.
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Computer Advertising 1935-2010: Graphic Design and Art
507:
National Center for Women & Information Technology
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for Vesterman's project, and wrote two new programs —
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is described as a "personal database", and likened to
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Computer - Werbung 1935-2010: Grafik-Design und Kunst
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Computer Speech: Recognition, Compression, Synthesis
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editor. She also created the form letter generator,
134:At Bell Labs, Cherry was involved in projects with
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382:Cherry was involved in development of Bell Labs's
353:performed an analysis of nine documents: three of
1690:The UNIX System: Making Computers More Productive
1028:Biancuzzi, Federico; Warden, Shane (March 2009).
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1703:. Bell Labs. 1982. Cherry is featured at 13:48.
1693:. Bell Labs. 1982. Cherry is featured at 16:10.
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860:] (in German). Books on Demand. p. 75.
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1407:. Vol. 8, no. 10. pp. 241–248.
1367:"Writer's Workbench: The Granddaddy of Style"
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429:Channel 2 News in August 1983. After letting
8:
1127:"Text Processing and the Writer's Workbench"
1094:"Text Processing and the Writer's Workbench"
907:"Computer detection of typographical errors"
359:from different authors, an article from the
1305:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. xiv.
1786:People from Long Hill Township, New Jersey
1491:"AT&T's 800 Directory on the Internet"
1235:Darwin, Ian F.; Collyer, Geoffrey (1984).
1120:
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505:2018 Pioneer in Tech Award—Awarded by the
249:desk calculator program. She then created
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20:
1057:"Appendix F History and Acknowledgements"
1034:. O'Reilly Media Inc. pp. 121, 122.
988:(Technical report). CSTR. Bell Labs. 139.
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553:"Form 25. Newspaper Notices Testamentary"
1296:Krishnamurthy, Balachander, ed. (1995).
1285:. Vol. 2 (10 ed.). p. ii.
823:Schroeder, Manfred R. (April 17, 2013).
526:Linderman, John P. (February 16, 2022).
1279:Hume, A. G.; McIlroy, M. D. (1990–91).
1142:Unix Research System: Papers (Volume 2)
905:Morris, R.; Cherry, L.L. (March 1975).
792:Knowlton, Ken; Cherry, Lorinda (1977).
518:
412:for Writer's Workbench. In addition to
1821:Stevens Institute of Technology alumni
1816:Verona High School (New Jersey) alumni
1715:. Association for Computing Machinery.
1603:"Lorinda Cherry RIP [LWN.net]"
1510:"Preface to the Second (1995) Edition"
1489:Kernighan, Brian (December 16, 1994).
1401:"The Unix Writer's Workbench Software"
583:McIlroy, Douglas (February 15, 2022).
184:. She was introduced to the system by
1145:. Saunders College Publishing. 1990.
307:. More than a simple text generator,
90:
7:
1700:UNIX: Making Computers Easier To Use
1334:(3). Springer Netherlands: 215–224.
1257:Brock, David C. (November 8, 2019).
1008:www.princeton.edu/~hos/frs122/precis
1776:American women computer scientists
850:Pouska, Maxim (January 18, 2011).
674:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1978.tb02156.x
668:(6): 2305–2312. July–August 1978.
14:
1540:"SCCA Happenings — Anniversaries"
1436:Davidson, Wilma (July 27, 1986).
1423:"Publications of Nina Macdonald"
1299:Practical Reusable Unix Software
888:"Computing History at Bell Labs"
886:McIlroy, Doug (April 9, 2008).
752:"Interview with Lorinda Cherry"
466:Cherry left Bell Labs in 1994.
425:in May 1981, and on New York's
129:Stevens Institute of Technology
1791:People from Verona, New Jersey
1650:"The William G. Giltzow Award"
1365:Raskin, Robin (May 27, 1986).
480:Long Hill Township, New Jersey
1:
1811:University of Delaware alumni
662:Bell System Technical Journal
361:Bell System Technical Journal
303:, and its associated editor,
1781:American computer scientists
1722:"Cherry Transcript Analysis"
1508:McIlroy, Doug (March 1995).
1328:Computers and the Humanities
946:. March 1999. Archived from
810:10.1016/0097-8485(77)85005-5
655:"Contributors to This Issue"
1771:21st-century American women
1237:"UNIX Evolution: 1975-1984"
269:, which was completed with
1837:
1737:Portrait of Lorinda Cherry
1268:. Computer History Museum.
1031:Masterminds of Programming
484:Sports Car Club of America
220:After McIlroy had written
1208:Unix Tenth Edition Manual
1181:Unix Tenth Edition Manual
474:Cherry, who lived in the
30:
1559:"The Early Days of NNJR"
1386:Bell Laboratories Record
919:10.1109/TPC.1975.6593963
692:Verona-Cedar Grove Times
628:"Evelyn K. Landgraf, 98"
363:, an article written by
1801:Scientists at Bell Labs
1739:at Faces of Open Source
798:Computers and Chemistry
756:An Oral History of Unix
470:Personal life and death
461:Plan 9 operating system
286:inspired the later GNU
123:Computer science career
1100:. Michael Sean Mahoney
758:. Princeton University
441:
439:So it makes them edit.
273:. Kernighan described
117:University of Delaware
1631:"Zachary "Zak" Alvey"
1591:. September 23, 2001.
1471:US patent 8208606
1098:Unix: An Oral History
1061:The plotutils Package
748:Mahoney, Michael Sean
436:
369:The Federalist Papers
356:The Federalist Papers
255:, a preprocessor for
111:, she graduated from
1495:www.cs.princeton.edu
1282:Unix Research Papers
913:. PC-18 (1): 54–56.
694:. September 19, 1968
476:Gillette, New Jersey
349:Cherry, Morris, and
166:Whippany, New Jersey
1637:. December 9, 2020.
1611:. February 16, 2022
1159:on February 3, 2015
336:, which strips all
243:arbitrary precision
1720:Silverman, David.
1709:"Lorinda L Cherry"
1442:The New York Times
1340:10.1007/BF02267225
1125:Silverman, David.
1092:Silverman, David.
950:on March 24, 2005.
892:research.swtch.com
634:. August 13, 2018.
616:. August 27, 2010.
610:"John F. Landgraf"
488:Doberman Pinschers
385:Writer's Workbench
113:Verona High School
109:Verona, New Jersey
75:Computer scientist
1654:www.scca-nnjr.com
1421:Macdonald, Nina.
1388:. pp. 10–16.
1152:978-0-03-047529-0
1041:978-0-596-51517-1
557:New Castle County
396:. Cherry updated
182:assembly language
162:Safeguard Program
159:ballistic missile
148:Manfred Schroeder
140:James L. Flanagan
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62:February 11, 2022
54:November 18, 1944
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1674:. July 27, 2021.
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1563:the original
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1766:2022 deaths
1761:1944 births
698:October 13,
217:directory.
180:written in
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1013:August 22,
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514:References
423:Today show
414:Alfred Aho
365:Mark Twain
103:Early life
79:programmer
50:1944-11-18
1544:Sportscar
1450:0362-4331
319:concept.
292:package.
289:plotutils
131:in 1969.
119:in 1966.
97:Bell Labs
1348:28762117
979:(1987).
224:for the
201:trigrams
1608:LWN.net
1589:InfoDog
927:8303019
406:diction
390:Rutgers
284:libplot
197:digrams
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454:Yahoo!
334:deroff
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241:, the
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144:BEFLIX
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410:parts
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398:parts
338:troff
325:troff
317:Memex
222:speak
210:spell
1617:2022
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1526:2022
1457:2022
1446:ISSN
1405:Byte
1307:ISBN
1165:2012
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1036:ISBN
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700:2022
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309:form
301:form
205:typo
199:and
178:Unix
138:and
59:Died
40:Born
1336:doi
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670:doi
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343:TeX
330:tbl
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266:eqn
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