98:
218:
was once classified as a divergent Tirio language, sharing only an eighth of its lexicon with the others, but it turns out to not belong to the family at all, nor to the Anim family that Tirio is a branch of.
211:
Baramu is somewhat more divergent in vocabulary, but this may reflect language contact rather than divergence in its position within the family. Pronouns are only available for Tirio itself (Makayam).
761:
754:
602:
1883:
747:
517:
451:
1022:
799:
575:
496:
467:
1792:
148:
60:
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705:
192:
175:
1832:
1807:
1404:
1857:
1837:
1399:
957:
508:
Pawley, Andrew; HammarstrĂśm, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.).
1827:
1637:
1556:
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1354:
1238:
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55:
17:
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852:
837:
832:
713:
695:
685:
662:
633:
611:
442:
Evans, Nicholas (2018). "The languages of
Southern New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.).
198:
169:
65:
543:
Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples
446:. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 641â774.
88:
1872:
1761:
1733:
1713:
1667:
1627:
1584:
1541:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1488:
1445:
1422:
1394:
1137:
1027:
1012:
997:
932:
922:
892:
857:
643:
538:
512:. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21â196.
215:
181:
1455:
1306:
1266:
1195:
967:
537:(2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In
1142:
739:
97:
48:
794:
789:
560:
82:
510:
The
Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide
444:
The
Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide
222:
A survey of the Tirio languages can be found in Jore and AlemĂĄn (2002).
580:
155:. The Tirio languages have about 40% of their lexicon in common.
743:
584:
230:
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:
204:
Lewada-Dewara, spoken on Dewala village on Sumogi Island
541:; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.).
1820:
1770:
1742:
1704:
1681:
1608:
1565:
1507:
1464:
1436:
1413:
1340:
1252:
1204:
1151:
1128:
1050:
1041:
808:
777:
704:
676:
652:
618:
482:
Sociolinguistic survey of the Tirio language family
81:
54:
42:
32:
545:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15â66.
379:Lower Fly River (Makayam and Baramu) reflexes of
755:
596:
8:
207:Adulu (Aturu), also spoken on Sumogi Island
188:Evans (2018) lists the Tirio languages as:
1047:
762:
748:
740:
603:
589:
581:
398:Makayam (Giribam dialect) Bitur, Baramu
316:
234:
102:Map: The Tirio languages of New Guinea
423:
413:âarmâ < *sa(Ĺg,k)(a,i)l âhand, clawâ
402:âseedâ < *maĹgV âfruit, seed, roundâ
113: Other TransâNew Guinea languages
29:
492:
490:
7:
27:Family of TransâNew Guinea languages
480:Jore, Tim and Laura AlemĂĄn. 2002.
468:"Lower Fly River - newguineaworld"
395:âchinâ < *maĹgat âmouth, teethâ
25:
574:Timothy Usher, New Guinea World,
497:New Guinea World, Lower Fly River
484:. Manuscript. Ukarumpa: SIL-PNG.
96:
800:Papua New Guinean Sign Language
1:
1884:Languages of Papua New Guinea
771:Languages of Papua New Guinea
125: Austronesian languages
119: Other Papuan languages
431:New Guinea World, Fly River
304:Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.
1905:
149:TransâNew Guinea languages
357:
151:in the classification of
107: The Tirio languages
95:
56:Linguistic classification
37:
18:Lower Fly River languages
381:proto-Trans-New Guinea
214:The moribund language
576:ProtoâLower Fly River
409:âlower armâ, Baramu
778:Official languages
312:The pronouns are:
1866:
1865:
1816:
1815:
737:
736:
519:978-3-11-028642-7
453:978-3-11-028642-7
370:
369:
300:
299:
137:
136:
131: Uninhabited
16:(Redirected from
1896:
1803:Southeast Papuan
1793:RamuâLower Sepik
1048:
809:Major Indigenous
764:
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750:
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485:
478:
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464:
458:
457:
439:
433:
428:
317:
235:
178:(Makayam, Aturu)
130:
124:
118:
112:
106:
100:
91:
61:TransâNew Guinea
30:
21:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1879:Tirio languages
1869:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1812:
1783:KainantuâGoroka
1778:FinisterreâHuon
1771:Larger families
1766:
1744:TuramaâKikorian
1738:
1700:
1677:
1604:
1561:
1503:
1466:East Strickland
1460:
1432:
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454:
441:
440:
436:
429:
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420:
377:
310:
228:
201:(Paswam, Mutum)
161:
141:Tirio languages
133:
132:
128:
126:
122:
120:
116:
114:
110:
108:
104:
87:
44:
38:Lower Fly River
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1902:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1889:Anim languages
1886:
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1864:
1863:
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1199:
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612:Anim languages
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569:External links
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383:(pTNG) etyma:
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1438:East Kutubuan
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993:Somba-Siawari
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656:(Lake Murray)
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539:Andrew Pawley
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1254:ChimbuâWahgi
1042:Other Papuan
928:Mussau-Emira
678:MarindâYaqai
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221:
213:
210:
187:
153:Malcolm Ross
140:
138:
71:
45:distribution
1610:OkâOksapmin
1415:DunaâPogaya
1405:Warwar Feni
1342:New Ireland
1153:Binanderean
706:Inland Gulf
622:(Lower Fly)
68:(Fly River)
1873:Categories
1808:Torricelli
1400:Sursurunga
958:Numanggang
552:0858835622
418:References
49:New Guinea
43:Geographic
1638:Ninggerum
1557:Samberigi
1390:Ramoaaina
1380:Niwer Mil
1355:Fanamaket
1239:Onobasulu
1166:Binandere
1065:Angaataha
1044:languages
978:Ramoaaina
948:Niwer Mil
828:Awad Bing
811:languages
795:Tok Pisin
790:Hiri Motu
724:Hoia Hoia
719:Foia Foia
391:, Baramu
375:Evolution
195:(Makayam)
159:Languages
83:Glottolog
1853:Sinasina
1643:Oksapmin
1385:Patpatar
1365:Konomala
1327:Tembagla
1322:Sinasina
1317:Salt-Yui
1181:Orokaiva
1095:Safeyoka
968:Pele-Ata
963:Nyindrou
913:Mangseng
668:Zimakani
561:67292782
405:Makayam
387:Makayam
308:Pronouns
226:Phonemes
184:(Kiunum)
89:tiri1259
1683:Teberan
1673:Yonggom
1658:Telefol
1653:Suganga
1648:Setaman
1600:Tairuma
1595:Toaripi
1590:Orokolo
1575:Kaki Ae
1552:Lembena
1522:Bisorio
1494:Odoodee
1277:Kandawo
1130:AwinâPa
1115:Yagwoia
1105:Susuami
1100:Simbari
1085:Kawacha
953:Nobonob
938:Nekgini
908:Mandara
848:Bugawac
785:English
639:Makayam
393:mangoËt
389:makoËth
172:(Mutum)
1833:Kailge
1788:Madang
1719:Baramu
1696:Folopa
1691:Dadibi
1633:Ngalum
1623:Faiwol
1567:Eleman
1479:Gobasi
1451:Fiwaga
1428:Pogaya
1370:Kuanua
1360:Kandas
1312:Nomane
1292:Maring
1282:Kaugel
1262:Chuave
1229:Kaluli
1214:Aimele
1206:Bosavi
1191:Yekora
1176:Korafe
1161:Baruga
1110:Tainae
1080:Kamasa
1075:Hamtai
1070:Ankave
1018:Uneapa
1008:Tangga
988:Solong
983:Seimat
973:Petats
943:Ngaing
883:Kuanua
863:Iatmul
823:Amanab
818:Adzera
729:Mubami
691:Marind
629:Baramu
559:
549:
516:
450:
347:*jaoÉŁ
336:*naoj
165:Baramu
145:family
143:are a
129:
123:
117:
111:
105:
1858:Wanib
1838:Mehek
1798:Sepik
1757:Omati
1752:Ikobi
1729:Tirio
1724:Bitur
1706:Tirio
1663:Tifal
1618:Bimin
1580:Keoru
1547:Kyaka
1537:Ipili
1517:Angal
1509:Engan
1484:Konai
1474:Fembe
1375:Label
1350:Bilur
1332:Wahgi
1302:Narak
1297:Melpa
1287:Kuman
1272:Golin
1244:Sonia
1234:Kasua
1224:Edolo
1219:Beami
1186:Suena
1171:Ewage
1120:Yipma
1090:Menya
1060:Akoye
1052:Angan
1033:Waris
1003:Sulka
923:Mende
918:Mbula
903:Lihir
898:Kurti
888:Kuman
878:Kovai
873:Kobon
853:Dedua
838:Bimin
833:Barok
714:Ipiko
696:Yaqay
686:Bipim
663:Boazi
654:Boazi
634:Bitur
620:Tirio
407:sakoa
358:*jiÉŁ
344:*ÉŁaoÉŁ
333:*naoÉŁ
199:Bitur
193:Tirio
176:Tirio
170:Bitur
72:Tirio
33:Tirio
1828:Enga
1762:Rumu
1734:Were
1714:Abom
1668:Urap
1628:Mian
1585:Opao
1542:Kewa
1532:Huli
1527:Enga
1499:Samo
1489:Kubo
1446:Fasu
1423:Duna
1395:Siar
1138:Awin
1028:Vitu
1013:Tobo
998:Suau
933:Mutu
893:Kuot
868:Kâte
858:Dobu
843:Bola
644:Were
557:OCLC
547:ISBN
514:ISBN
448:ISBN
411:saga
400:moËm
355:*igi
271:*Ĺg
216:Abom
182:Were
139:The
66:Anim
1456:Foi
1307:Nii
1267:Dom
1196:Zia
1023:Ura
363:3f
352:3m
325:pl
296:*ÉŁ
266:*nd
263:*mb
258:*k
147:of
1875::
1143:Pa
555:.
489:^
366:â
341:2
330:1
322:sg
293:*j
290:*Éž
287:*w
278:*s
253:*t
250:*p
241:*n
238:*m
763:e
756:t
749:v
604:e
597:t
590:v
563:.
522:.
470:.
456:.
20:)
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