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Louis MacNeice

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992: 273: 522:, which was published in 1932 under the name of Louis Malone as he feared a novel by an academic would not be favourably reviewed. He felt that married life was not helping his poetry: "To write poems expressing doubt or melancholy, an anarchist conception of freedom or nostalgia for the open spaces (and these were the things that I wanted to express), seemed disloyal to Mariette. Instead I was disloyal to myself, wrote a novel which purported to be an idyll of domestic felicity. As we predicted, the novel was not well received." 259:, he was also an independently successful (albeit occasionally overlooked) poet with an influential body of work, which is replete with themes ranging from faith to mortality. His body of work was appreciated by the public during his lifetime, due in part to his relaxed but socially and emotionally aware style. Never as overtly or simplistically political as some of his contemporaries, he expressed a humane opposition to totalitarianism as well as an acute awareness of his roots. 1386: 27: 379:, forming a lifelong friendship with the latter. He also wrote poetry and essays for the school magazines. By the end of his time at the school, MacNeice was sharing a study with Blunt and also sharing his aesthetic tastes, though not his sexual ones; Blunt said MacNeice was "totally, irredeemably heterosexual". In November 1925, MacNeice was awarded a 974:(an acquaintance since MacNeice's arrival in London twenty years earlier). However, the marriage was starting to become strained. MacNeice was drinking increasingly heavily, and having more or less serious affairs with other women. At this time MacNeice became increasingly independent of spirit, spending time with other writers, including 946:. The death of Dylan Thomas came partway through the writing of the poem, and MacNeice involved himself in memorials for the poet and attempts to raise money for his family. 1953 and 1954 brought lecture and performance tours of the USA (husband and wife would present an evening of song, monologue and poetry readings), and meetings with 1011:
was published, and in the middle of the year MacNeice became a half-time employee at the BBC, leaving him six months a year to work on his own projects. By this time he was "living on alcohol", and eating very little, but still writing (including a commissioned work on astrology, which he viewed as
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and they were married in July 1942, three months after the death of his father. Brigid Corinna MacNeice (known by her second name like her parents, or as "Bimba") was born a year later. By the end of the war MacNeice had written well over sixty scripts for the BBC and a further collection of poems,
255:(12 September 1907 – 3 September 1963) was an Irish poet, playwright and producer for the BBC. His poetry, which frequently explores themes of introspection, empiricism, and belonging, is considered to be among the greatest of twentieth century literature. Despite being renowned as a member of the 589:
In November, Mary left MacNeice and their infant son for a Russian-American graduate student called Charles Katzmann who had been staying with the family. MacNeice engaged a nurse to look after Dan, and his sister and stepmother also helped on occasion. In early 1936, Blunt and MacNeice visited
927:, poems written in Greece, were broadcast by the BBC in 1951 and published the following year. The family returned to England in August 1951, and Dan (who had been at an English boarding school) left for America in early 1952 to stay with his mother, to avoid 824:
MacNeice's work for the BBC initially involved writing and producing radio programmes intended to build support for the US, and later Russia – cultural programmes emphasising links between the countries rather than outright propaganda. A critical work on
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in 1964, a year after MacNeice's death. The collection, largely coming from MacNeice's sister Elizabeth Nicholson, includes manuscripts of poetic and dramatic works, a large number of books, correspondence, and books from MacNeice's library.
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was organised, and in December 1939 MacNeice sailed for America, leaving his son in Ireland. Cornell proved a success but the relationship with Eleanor did not, and MacNeice was back in London by the end of 1940. Faber and Faber published
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in 1921, having won a classical scholarship. Marlborough was a less happy place, with a hierarchical and sometimes cruel social structure, but MacNeice's interest in ancient literature and civilisation deepened and expanded to include
387:, and he left Marlborough in the summer of the following year. He left behind his birth name of Frederick, his accent and his father's faith, although he never lost a sense of his Irishness; (the BBC radio premiere of MacNeice's 1057:, "Poetry in my opinion must be honest before anything else and I refuse to be 'objective' or clear-cut at the cost of honesty." He has inspired many poets since his death, particularly those from Northern Ireland such as 1065:. There has been a movement to reclaim him as an Irish writer rather than a satellite of Auden. Longley has edited two selections of his work, and Muldoon gives more space to MacNeice than to any other author in his 1729:
On p157 of 'I Crossed The Minch' MacNeice writes that he wrote 'Leaving Barra' (Poems, 1937) sitting on a deck-chair in the stern of a ship. The closing verses and particularly the closing line of this poem,
800:. It went through six impressions by 1945. MacNeice worked as a freelance journalist (he had resigned from his lecturing position at Bedford College while in America) and was awaiting the publication of 518:. Birmingham was a very different university (and city) from Oxford, MacNeice was not a natural lecturer, and he found it difficult to write poetry. He turned instead to a semi-autobiographical novel, 334:, had been sent to live in an institution in Scotland during his mother's terminal illness. In 1917, his father remarried to Georgina Greer and MacNeice's sister Elizabeth was sent to board at a 3394: 665:. Shortly afterwards his divorce from Mary was finalised. They continued to write frequent affectionate letters to one another, although Mary married Katzmann shortly after the divorce. 3399: 763:
During the Easter holiday that year, MacNeice made a brief lecture tour of various American universities, also meeting Mary and Charles Katzmann and giving a reading with Auden and
448:. A year later he thought to soften the news that he had been arrested for drunkenness by telegraphing his father to say he was engaged to be married to Mary. John MacNeice (by now 630:
for Christmas", "Sunday Morning", "Perseus", "The Creditor" and "Snow" towards the end of the roughly chronological book. In the book, MacNeice is set in amongst others of the new
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acted in some of MacNeice's plays during this period, and the two poets, both heavy drinkers, also became social companions. MacNeice narrated (and wrote poems for) the 1945 film
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in December 1914. MacNeice later described the cause of his mother's death as "obscure", and blamed his mother's cancer on his own difficult birth. His brother William, who had
549:) describes his wish for a change in society and even revolution, but also his intellectual opposition to Marxism and especially the communism embraced by many of his friends. 2273: 1043:, was published a few days after his funeral – Auden, who gave a reading at MacNeice's memorial service, described the poems of his last two years as "among his very best". 3434: 3379: 1744:
I do not regret the hours and hours of argument and melancholy, the unanswerable lamentations of someone who wanted to be happy in a way that was just not practical.
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magazine and MacNeice on assignment with the BBC. During the trip, which allegedly lasted some weeks, neither writer managed successfully to file their copy.
251: 1756: 586:, the first of his collections for Faber and Faber, who would remain his publishers. This helped establish MacNeice as one of the new poets of the 1930s. 3424: 1946: 636: 991: 907:, met with a less favourable reception than previous books. In 1950 he was given eighteen months' leave to become Director of the British Institute in 3439: 3409: 3384: 600:, a collection of poems, letters (some in verse) and essays. In October, MacNeice left Birmingham for a lecturing post in the Department of Greek at 510:) and his wife Bet. Bet was a lecturer in the Department of English. The MacNeices lived in a former coachman's cottage in the grounds of a house in 3389: 358:(Greek and Latin) and literature (including the memorising of poetry). He was an enthusiastic sportsman, something which continued when he moved to 574:. On 15 May 1934, Louis and Mary's son Daniel John MacNeice was born. In September of that year, MacNeice travelled to Dublin with Dodds, who had 2203: 2000: 272: 752:. The poem was finished by February 1939, and published in May. It is widely viewed as MacNeice's masterpiece, recording his feelings as the 453: 2248: 2238: 2228: 2128: 676:, a painter and a friend of Auden who had introduced the couple to MacNeice while they were in Birmingham. MacNeice and Nancy visited the 476:, the volume was dedicated to "Giovanna" (Mary's full name was Giovanna Marie Thérèse Babette). In 1930 the couple were married at Oxford 3140: 2967: 1003:
in the 1958 New Year's Honours list. A South African trip in 1959 was followed by the start of his final relationship, with the actress
691:(which had been finished by the two authors in MacNeice's London home the previous year), and towards the end of the year a play called 3012: 644:. This collection generally excluded American poets and was less well received critically, but instantaneously became a best-seller. 3429: 1876: 1827: 1795: 1718: 1630: 1539: 1520: 1501: 135: 110: 421:, who had been with him at Marlborough. MacNeice threw himself into the aesthetic culture, publishing poetry in literary magazines 3073: 3002: 2972: 2320: 2183: 541:
by this time, but MacNeice, although sympathetic to the left, was always sceptical of easy answers and "the armchair reformist".
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have both written elegies for MacNeice, Mahon's coming after a pilgrimage to the poet's grave in the company of Longley and
812:, a limited edition containing some poems that would appear in the new volume). In early 1941, MacNeice was employed by the 63: 3338: 2962: 2118: 1098: 437:, and visiting Paris with Hilton. Auden would become a lifelong friend who inspired MacNeice to take up poetry seriously. 2553: 2208: 1081:
in 1965. At the time of MacNeice's death, John Berryman described him as "one of my best friends", and wrote an elegy in
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in New York, and arranged to spend the next academic year on sabbatical so that he could be with her. A lectureship at
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Mahon, Derek (20 December 2012). "MacNeice, the war and the BBC". In Genet, Jacqueline; Hellegouarc'h, Wynne (eds.).
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were already part of Auden's circle, but MacNeice's closest Oxford friends were John Hilton, Christopher Holme and
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and Elizabeth Margaret ("Lily") MacNeice. Both were originally from the west of Ireland. MacNeice's father, an
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MacNeice also wrote several plays which were never produced, and many for the BBC which were never published.
634:, presenting a version of modernism in which Eliot is the star. MacNeice and his group were also featured in 3121: 3049: 2945: 2346: 2325: 2278: 2193: 2068: 1475: 714: 515: 335: 1012:"hack-work"). In August 1963 he went caving in Yorkshire to gather sound effects for his final radio play, 533:, and by 1932 MacNeice and Auden's Oxford acquaintance had turned into a close friendship. Auden knew many 59: 2982: 2899: 2759: 2693: 2578: 2563: 2417: 2243: 2073: 696: 662: 384: 371:. In 1922, he was invited to join Marlborough's secret 'Society of Amici' where he was a contemporary of 3286: 3238: 2992: 2894: 2392: 2043: 1986: 978:
with whom he regularly drank to oblivion; the two men spent a particularly drunken night in the home of
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in 1937, which resulted in a book of prose and verse written by MacNeice with illustrations by Nancy,
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government. Auden and MacNeice travelled to Iceland in the summer of that year, which resulted in
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MacNeice started to write poetry again, and in January 1933 he and Auden led the first edition of
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had previously been Deputy Director of the Institute, and he and his future wife, the Honourable
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Finding aid to Louis MacNeice papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
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Louis MacNeice (known as Freddie until his teens, when he adopted his middle name) was born in
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When MacNeice was six, his mother was admitted to a Dublin nursing home suffering from severe
296: 744:'s brother Michael, whom she was later to marry, and at the end of the year MacNeice visited 3343: 3293: 3278: 2844: 2774: 2698: 2643: 2568: 2538: 2523: 2488: 2483: 2361: 2268: 2263: 928: 861: 757: 749: 700: 657: 582:. Unsuccessful attempts at playwriting and another novel were followed in September 1935 by 553: 84: 1790:. LittĂ©rature et civilisation irlandaises. Presses universitaires de Caen. pp. 63–77. 1770: 982:
during a curious meeting in Ireland whilst Behan was working on assignment as a writer for
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The broadcast was repeated on BBC Radio 3 May 27, 2020, including MacNeice's introduction.
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in 1956 on lengthy assignments for the BBC. Another poorly received collection of poems,
480:, neither set of parents attending the ceremony. He was awarded a first-class degree in 354:
MacNeice was generally happy at Sherborne, which gave an education concentrating on the
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Anthologies of British Poetry: Critical Perspectives from Literary and Cultural Studies
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MacNeice was featured in two high-profile collections of modernist poetry of 1936. The
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in January 1946, was preceded by the poet's ten-minute introduction in his distinctive
323: 837:(an American anthology). At the end of the year, MacNeice started a relationship with 3358: 3228: 3213: 3203: 3022: 2834: 2829: 2819: 2814: 2779: 2618: 2598: 2498: 2493: 2422: 2048: 1941: 1587: 1400: 1299: 1078: 1017: 975: 967: 947: 883: 776: 768: 760:
with Germany, as well as his personal concerns and reflections over the past decade.
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As the year – and his relationship with Nancy – drew to a close, he started work on
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While you are alive beyond question, Like the dazzle on the sea, my darling.
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It was during his first year as a student at Oxford that MacNeice first met
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was not hereditary. Amidst this turmoil MacNeice published four poems in
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publishing a volume of poems, several were published in Eliot's journal
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at around this time, and although Eliot did not feel that they merited
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In 1947, the BBC sent MacNeice to report on Indian independence and
852:, produced in 1942 and later published as a book, featured music by 1263:, redesigned and republished by Wake Forest University Press, 2009) 707:. In 1938, Faber and Faber published a second collection of poems, 1964: 1384: 990: 959: 955: 641: 271: 1771:"Nancy Culliford Spender (NĂ©e Sharp) - National Portrait Gallery" 1504:; published in the United States by Wake Forest University Press. 721:, and Nancy once again contributed illustrations to a book about 460:, while Ezra's family demanded assurances that Louis's brother's 1982: 1978: 813: 457: 20: 1736:
of all the people I have known she could be the most radiant.
923:(née Eyres Monsell), became close friends of the MacNeices. 872:
but also semi-autobiographical) was also published, as was
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Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library
868:(loosely based on the life and death of MacNeice's friend 299:
and his mother Elizabeth née Cleshan, from Ballymaconry,
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Hedli Anderson (m. 1942–1960), Mary Ezra (m. 1930–1936)
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MacNeice moved into Geoffrey Grigson's former flat in
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Paths of Progress: A History of Marlborough College
788:in March 1940, which contained 20 poems drawn from 237: 229: 221: 213: 205: 197: 178: 152: 125: 3395:Classical scholars of the University of Birmingham 1947:MacNeice at portraits at National Portrait Gallery 995:MacNeice was buried at Carrowdore with his mother 775:for the first time. MacNeice also met the writer 307:, had been a schoolmistress. The family moved to 1093:Louis MacNeice's archive was established at the 661:was published in late 1936, and produced by the 276:Plaque at site of MacNeice's childhood home in 1713:(1936). Editions Rodopi B.V. pp. 156–164 651:with Daniel and his nurse. His translation of 440:In 1928 he was introduced to the Classics don 3400:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire 1994: 1701: 1699: 8: 1069:, which covers the period from the death of 756:raged and the United Kingdom headed towards 684:. Nancy had painted a portrait of MacNeice. 506:(a Professor of Greek and MacNeice's future 1354:, ed. Alan Heuser and Peter McDonald (1993) 1119:(1929, mainly considered by MacNeice to be 942:, which critics compared unfavourably with 529:, Professor of Public Health and father of 322:and he did not see her again. She survived 3318:CĂşirt International Festival of Literature 2916: 2103: 2001: 1987: 1979: 1757:"(Frederick) Louis MacNeice | Art UK" 1740:could be as gloomy as to black-out London, 1602:by Rt Hon Peter Brooke MP and Thomas Hinde 1051:MacNeice wrote in the introduction to his 699:. Music was written for the production by 133: 122: 3435:Translators of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 3380:Academics of the University of Birmingham 1346:One for the Grave: a modern morality play 590:Spain, shortly after the election of the 560:. MacNeice also started sending poems to 525:The local Classical Association included 217:University of Oxford, Marlborough College 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 2274:Maol Sheachluinn na n-UirsgĂ©al Ă“ hĂšigĂ­nn 1705:Korte, Schneider and Lethbridge (2000), 295:, would go on to become a bishop in the 241:Daniel MacNeice, Brigid Corinna MacNeice 1657:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. p. 184. 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1551: 1308:(1944, radio, not published separately) 1067:Faber Book of Contemporary Irish Poetry 740:. By Christmas, Nancy was in love with 468:and his first undergraduate collection 3415:People educated at Marlborough College 1926:Local Writing Legends – Louis MacNeice 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1312:The Dark Tower and other radio scripts 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1436:(1941, published 1965, autobiography) 1322:(1949, published 1951, a translation) 903:in 1949. 1948's collection of poems, 878:(1946, again with music by Britten). 637:Oxford Book of Modern Verse 1892–1935 498:The newlyweds were found lodgings in 16:Irish poet and playwright (1907–1963) 7: 3375:Academics of Bedford College, London 2963:Timna CathaĂ­r Máir CaithrĂ©im Cellaig 1969:Louis MacNeice collection, 1926-1959 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 622:, edited by young writer and critic 429:, organising candle-lit readings of 49:adding citations to reliable sources 2331:SĂ©afraidh Ă“ Donnchadha an Ghleanna 1677:Russell, Mary (1 September 2007). 938:, a long autobiographical poem in 695:was published and produced by the 687:August 1937 saw the appearance of 342:, England. MacNeice joined her at 14: 3425:20th-century British male writers 2204:Gilla CĂłmáin mac Gilla Samthainde 1959:Louis MacNeice Memorial Programme 1655:Merton College Register 1900-1964 3440:Deaths from pneumonia in England 3410:Male poets from Northern Ireland 3385:Alumni of Merton College, Oxford 2321:Donnchadh Mac an Caoilfhiaclaigh 1869:Louis MacNeice and His Influence 1822:. Faber & Faber. p. 7. 1458:Selected Prose of Louis MacNeice 1352:Selected Plays of Louis MacNeice 1269:(2007, edited by Peter McDonald) 748:shortly before the city fell to 703:, as he had done previously for 668:MacNeice started an affair with 514:belonging to another professor, 25: 3390:Anglicans from Northern Ireland 3105:The Wind That Shakes the Barley 3018:Dia libh a laochruidh Gaoidhiol 3013:CĂłir Connacht ar chath Laighean 1414:Modern Poetry: A Personal Essay 1410:(1938, travel, prose and verse) 1298:(1944, radio) & performed, 315:, soon after MacNeice's birth. 36:needs additional citations for 3008:An sluagh sidhe so i nEamhuin? 2998:A aonmhic DĂ© do cĂ©asadh thrĂ­nn 2229:Muireadhach Albanach Ă“ Dálaigh 2129:Baothghalach MĂłr Mac Aodhagáin 1807:– via OpenEdition Books. 1625:. London: Faber. p. 480. 1486:Louis MacNeice: Selected Poems 672:. Nancy was, like her husband 537:, and Blunt had also become a 1: 3339:Patrick Kavanagh Poetry Award 2973:Is acher in gaĂ­th in-nocht... 2968:Le dĂ­s cuirthear clĂş Laighean 1932:Profile at the Poetry Archive 1867:K. Devine and A. J. Peacock, 1374:The Sixpence That Rolled Away 1253:(1966, edited by E. R. Dodds) 1247:(1964, edited by W. H. Auden) 1099:University of Texas at Austin 201:Church of Ireland, Carrowdore 3045:Bean Torrach, fa Tuar Broide 2239:Máeleoin BĂłdur Ă“ Maolconaire 2134:Giolla Brighde Mac Con Midhe 1942:Profile at Poetry Foundation 1653:Levens, R.G.C., ed. (1964). 545:(written at the time of the 344:Sherborne Preparatory School 1738:" He also writes that she " 1399:, (1938), illustrations by 1123:and excluded from the 1949 626:, printing MacNeice's '"An 287:, the youngest son of Rev. 3456: 3074:SuantraĂ­ dá Mhac Tabhartha 3003:A theachtaire tig Ăłn RĂłimh 2184:Tadhg Olltach Ă“ an Cháinte 2119:Muircheartach Ă“ Cobhthaigh 1953:"Writer's life celebrated" 1711:Faber Book of Modern Verse 1281:The Agamemnon of Aeschylus 1203:Collected Poems, 1925–1948 619:Faber Book of Modern Verse 2928:Faber Book of Irish Verse 2249:CĂş ChoigcrĂ­che Ă“ ClĂ©irigh 2174:Eoghan Carrach Ă“ Siadhail 2164:Mathghamhain Ă“ hIfearnáin 1787:Studies on Louis MacNeice 1621:Stallworthy, Jon (1995). 1588:Poetry Foundation profile 1428:The Poetry of W. B. Yeats 1370:(1932, as "Louis Malone") 1340:and other plays for radio 1031:His ashes were buried in 999:MacNeice was awarded the 954:). MacNeice travelled to 771:, and at which Auden met 602:Bedford College for Women 225:Irish poet and playwright 139:MacNeice on the cover of 132: 3430:20th-century Irish poets 2139:Gofraidh Fionn Ă“ Dálaigh 2124:Gilla Mo Dutu Ăša Caiside 1818:MacNeice, Louis (1996). 1492:(ed. and Introduction), 1460:, ed. Alan Heuser (1990) 1073:until 1986. Muldoon and 934:In 1953, MacNeice wrote 820:War and after, 1941–1963 767:in New York attended by 488:University of Birmingham 248:Frederick Louis MacNeice 157:Frederick Louis MacNeice 3039:The Prophecy of Berchán 2978:Is trĂşag in ces i mbiam 2946:The Wanderings of Oisin 2199:Tarlach Rua Mac DĂłnaill 2149:Donnchadh MĂłr Ă“ Dálaigh 2069:Contention of the bards 1679:"In memory of MacNeice" 715:Oxford University Press 547:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 516:Philip Sargant Florence 3122:Love Songs of Connacht 2988:An DĂ­birt go Connachta 2983:Sen dollotar Ulaid ... 2709:EilĂ©an NĂ­ Chuilleanáin 2534:Mary Devenport O'Neill 2279:Philip Ă“ Duibhgeannain 2244:Diarmaid Mac an Bhaird 2234:Cearbhall Ă“g Ă“ Dálaigh 2179:Fear Feasa Ă“'n Cháinte 2074:Irish Literary Revival 2059:Chief Ollam of Ireland 1403: 996: 385:Merton College, Oxford 280: 3287:Poetry Ireland Review 3239:Cork University Press 2993:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh 2393:James Clarence Mangan 2154:Lochlann Ă“g Ă“ Dálaigh 2114:Mael ĂŤsu Ua Brolcháin 2044:Irish syllabic poetry 2039:Metrical Dindshenchas 1917:Louis MacNeice Papers 1893:norman.hrc.utexas.edu 1509:The Strings are False 1434:The Strings Are False 1388: 1329:and The Administrator 994: 921:Joan Elizabeth Rayner 765:Christopher Isherwood 543:The Strings are False 527:George Augustus Auden 494:Birmingham, 1930–1936 472:(1929). Published by 444:and his stepdaughter 275: 3301:The Honest Ulsterman 3224:Lapwing Publications 3188:Seamus Heaney Centre 3050:Tuireamh na hÉireann 2584:Micheál Mac LiammĂłir 2209:Tadhg Dall Ă“ hĂšigĂ­nn 2194:Proinsias Ă“ Doibhlin 2169:Cormac Mac Con Midhe 1967:, Emory University: 1937:Profile at Poets.org 1452:Varieties of Parable 1376:(1956, for children) 1336:Persons from Porlock 1295:Christopher Columbus 1138:Letters from Iceland 1014:Persons from Porlock 917:Patrick Leigh Fermor 849:Christopher Columbus 689:Letters from Iceland 606:University of London 597:Letters from Iceland 580:William Butler Yeats 578:sympathies, and met 45:improve this article 3420:Prix Italia winners 3264:The Dublin Magazine 3155:Prayer Before Birth 3134:Meeting The British 2694:Nora Tynan O'Mahony 2579:Nuala NĂ­ Dhomhnaill 2564:Máire Mhac an tSaoi 2418:Antoine Ă“ Raifteiri 2388:Charles Gavan Duffy 2224:Cináed ua hArtacáin 2189:Eochaidh Ă“ hÉoghusa 2159:Fear Flatha Ă“ GnĂ­mh 2064:Irish bardic poetry 1921:Harry Ransom Center 1408:I Crossed the Minch 1381:Books (non-fiction) 1284:(1936, translation) 1209:Ten Burnt Offerings 1190:Prayer Before Birth 1145:, poetry and prose) 1095:Harry Ransom Center 1024:evolved into viral 980:Cecil Woodham-Smith 925:Ten Burnt Offerings 682:I Crossed the Minch 466:Oxford Poetry, 1929 360:Marlborough College 346:later in the year. 320:clinical depression 3219:HardPressed Poetry 2875:Caitriona O'Reilly 2865:Bernard O'Donoghue 2684:Cathal Ă“ Searcaigh 2574:Gabriel Rosenstock 2428:Robert Dwyer Joyce 2295:Tomás Ă“ Cobhthaigh 2259:Ă“engus of Tallaght 1404: 1288:Out of the Picture 1111:Poetry collections 997: 952:Robert Penn Warren 781:Cornell University 693:Out of the Picture 483:literae humaniores 336:preparatory school 293:Anglican clergyman 281: 268:Ireland, 1907–1917 3352: 3351: 3323:SoundEye Festival 3272:Icarus (magazine) 3171: 3170: 2908: 2907: 2870:Conor O'Callaghan 2724:Dennis O'Driscoll 2674:Eoghan Ă“ Tuairisc 2554:MáirtĂ­n Ă“ Direáin 2403:William Allingham 2347:Aogán Ă“ Rathaille 2326:Aogán Ă“ Rathaille 2311:DáibhĂ­ Ă“ Bruadair 2288:15th/16th century 1511:(autobiography), 1454:(1965, criticism) 1416:(1938, criticism) 1259:(1988, edited by 1233:The Burning Perch 1177:Plant and Phantom 1150:The Earth Compels 1041:The Burning Perch 846:. The radio play 831:Plant and Phantom 802:Plant and Phantom 794:The Earth Compels 754:Spanish Civil War 710:The Earth Compels 612:London, 1936–1940 508:literary executor 401:Oxford, 1926–1930 350:School, 1917–1926 297:Church of Ireland 245: 244: 167:12 September 1907 121: 120: 113: 95: 3447: 3344:Poetry Now Award 3294:The Stinging Fly 3279:The Lace Curtain 2917: 2855:SinĂ©ad Morrissey 2845:Brendan Kennelly 2699:Rita Ann Higgins 2644:Geoffrey Squires 2569:Michael Hartnett 2539:Patrick Kavanagh 2524:Thomas MacGreevy 2489:Francis Ledwidge 2484:Thomas MacDonagh 2362:Oliver Goldsmith 2316:Piaras FeiritĂ©ar 2264:Sedulius Scottus 2219:Colmán of Cloyne 2144:Flann mac Lonáin 2104: 2091:Táin BĂł CĂşailnge 2003: 1996: 1989: 1980: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1885: 1879: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1844:"Louis MacNeice" 1840: 1834: 1833: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1747: 1727: 1721: 1703: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1650: 1637: 1636: 1618: 1603: 1597: 1591: 1585: 1507:Louis MacNeice, 1490:Longley, Michael 1470:Louis MacNeice, 1440:Meet the US Army 1267:Collected Poems 1197:Holes in the Sky 929:national service 905:Holes in the Sky 862:Laurence Olivier 725:, called simply 701:Benjamin Britten 670:Nancy Coldstream 554:Geoffrey Grigson 254: 185: 182:3 September 1963 166: 164: 137: 123: 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 60:"Louis MacNeice" 53: 29: 21: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3405:Formalist poets 3355: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3332:Awards / prizes 3327: 3306: 3244: 3192: 3167: 3141:Horse Latitudes 3109: 3086: 3081:Mná na hÉireann 3054: 2951: 2933: 2904: 2900:Catherine Walsh 2885:Maurice Riordan 2800:Pádraig J. Daly 2785:Patrick Chapman 2760:Thomas McCarthy 2748: 2714:Medbh McGuckian 2629:Thomas Kinsella 2609:Michael Longley 2559:Seán Ă“ RĂ­ordáin 2529:Blanaid Salkeld 2479:Joseph Plunkett 2457: 2443:Katharine Tynan 2398:Samuel Ferguson 2371: 2335: 2299: 2283: 2254:Dallán Forgaill 2095: 2012: 2007: 1961:BBC Radio, 1963 1951:Arthur Strain, 1913: 1908: 1907: 1897: 1895: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1866: 1862: 1852: 1850: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1830: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1728: 1724: 1704: 1697: 1687: 1685: 1683:The Irish Times 1676: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1652: 1651: 1640: 1633: 1620: 1619: 1606: 1598: 1594: 1586: 1553: 1548: 1532:Faber and Faber 1526:Jon Stallworthy 1513:Faber and Faber 1494:Faber and Faber 1480:Faber and Faber 1472:Collected Poems 1467: 1383: 1364: 1362:Books (fiction) 1326:The Mad Islands 1276: 1261:Michael Longley 1251:Collected Poems 1125:Collected Poems 1117:Blind Fireworks 1113: 1108: 1091: 1083:Dream Song #267 1063:Michael Longley 1049: 972:J. B. Priestley 913:British Council 856:, conducted by 835:Poems 1925–1940 822: 773:Chester Kallman 742:Stephen Spender 624:Michael Roberts 614: 566:Faber and Faber 496: 478:Register Office 470:Blind Fireworks 462:Down's syndrome 415:Cecil Day-Lewis 411:Stephen Spender 403: 369:Norse mythology 352: 332:Down's syndrome 270: 265: 250: 214:Alma mater 193: 187: 183: 174: 168: 162: 160: 159: 158: 148: 145:Michael Longley 128: 117: 106: 100: 97: 54: 52: 42: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3453: 3451: 3443: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3357: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3304: 3297: 3290: 3283: 3275: 3268: 3260: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3242: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3190: 3185: 3183:Poetry Ireland 3179: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3148:Sweeney Astray 3144: 3137: 3130: 3125: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3084: 3077: 3070: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3035: 3033:Buile Shuibhne 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2931: 2923: 2921: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2890:Maurice Scully 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2746: 2741: 2739:W. F. Marshall 2736: 2734:Anthony Cronin 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2679:Patrick Galvin 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2654:Randolph Healy 2651: 2649:Augustus Young 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2589:Robert Greacen 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2549:Louis MacNeice 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2509:Samuel Beckett 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2474:Patrick Pearse 2471: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2357:Jonathan Swift 2354: 2352:Brian Merriman 2349: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2110: 2108: 2101: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2088: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2006: 2005: 1998: 1991: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1962: 1956: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1923: 1912: 1911:External links 1909: 1906: 1905: 1880: 1860: 1848:Poetry Archive 1835: 1828: 1820:Autumn Journal 1810: 1796: 1776: 1762: 1748: 1722: 1695: 1669: 1660: 1638: 1631: 1623:Louis MacNeice 1604: 1592: 1550: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1529:Louis MacNeice 1523: 1505: 1483: 1476:Peter McDonald 1466: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1455: 1449: 1443: 1437: 1431: 1425: 1417: 1411: 1389:First edition 1382: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1371: 1368:Roundabout Way 1363: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1332: 1323: 1319:Goethe's Faust 1315: 1309: 1303: 1291: 1285: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1257:Selected Poems 1254: 1248: 1245:Selected Poems 1242: 1236: 1230: 1224: 1218: 1212: 1206: 1200: 1194: 1186: 1180: 1174: 1171:Selected Poems 1168: 1165:The Last Ditch 1162: 1158:Autumn Journal 1154: 1146: 1134: 1128: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1090: 1087: 1054:Autumn Journal 1048: 1045: 1035:churchyard in 944:Autumn Journal 875:The Dark Tower 870:Graham Shepard 860:, and starred 854:William Walton 839:Hedli Anderson 821: 818: 810:The Last Ditch 808:had published 798:Autumn Journal 786:Selected Poems 737:Autumn Journal 613: 610: 604:, part of the 520:Roundabout Way 495: 492: 419:Graham Shepard 402: 399: 390:The Dark Tower 381:postmastership 351: 348: 324:uterine cancer 289:John Frederick 269: 266: 264: 261: 243: 242: 239: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 223: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 209:Irish, British 207: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 188: 186:(aged 55) 180: 176: 175: 169: 156: 154: 150: 149: 141:Selected Poems 138: 130: 129: 127:Louis MacNeice 126: 119: 118: 33: 31: 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3452: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 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2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2604:John Montague 2602: 2600: 2599:Padraic Fiacc 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2504:Austin Clarke 2502: 2500: 2499:F. R. Higgins 2497: 2495: 2494:Padraic Colum 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2423:Aeneas Coffey 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2049:Kildare Poems 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1894: 1890: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1877:0-86140-391-6 1874: 1870: 1864: 1861: 1849: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1831: 1829:9780571177769 1825: 1821: 1814: 1811: 1799: 1797:9782841334414 1793: 1789: 1788: 1780: 1777: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1719:90-420-1301-X 1716: 1712: 1708: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1684: 1680: 1673: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1656: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1632:0-571-16019-0 1628: 1624: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1545: 1541: 1540:0-571-17687-9 1537: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1521:0-571-11832-1 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1502:0-571-15270-8 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1380: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1359: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1333: 1331:(1964, radio) 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1306:He Had a Date 1304: 1301: 1300:Brighton Dome 1297: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1215:Autumn Sequel 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1088: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1079:Seamus Heaney 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1018:Hertfordshire 1015: 1010: 1006: 1002: 993: 989: 987: 986: 981: 977: 976:Dominic Behan 973: 969: 968:Isle of Wight 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 948:John Berryman 945: 941: 937: 936:Autumn Sequel 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 911:, run by the 910: 906: 902: 901: 896: 892: 887: 885: 884:Painted Boats 881: 877: 876: 871: 867: 866:He Had a Date 863: 859: 855: 851: 850: 845: 840: 836: 832: 828: 819: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 782: 778: 777:Eleanor Clark 774: 770: 769:John Berryman 766: 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 738: 732: 730: 729: 724: 720: 719:Modern Poetry 716: 712: 711: 706: 702: 698: 697:Group Theatre 694: 690: 685: 683: 679: 675: 671: 666: 664: 663:Group Theatre 660: 659: 654: 650: 645: 643: 639: 638: 633: 629: 625: 621: 620: 611: 609: 607: 603: 599: 598: 593: 592:Popular Front 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 572: 571:The Criterion 567: 563: 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3059:18th century 3037: 2944: 2926: 2895:William Wall 2880:Justin Quinn 2860:Gerry Murphy 2840:Trevor Joyce 2825:Vona Groarke 2810:Greg Delanty 2753:21st century 2719:Paula Meehan 2704:Eavan Boland 2639:Trevor Joyce 2624:Paul Muldoon 2594:Roy McFadden 2548: 2519:Denis Devlin 2514:Brian Coffey 2462:20th century 2448:Edward Walsh 2433:Thomas Davis 2408:Douglas Hyde 2383:Thomas Moore 2376:19th century 2340:18th century 2304:17th century 2269:Saint Dungal 2083: 2079:Weaver Poets 2024:Irish poetry 2010:Irish poetry 1928:at bbc.co.uk 1896:. 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