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recrossed the peninsula on the way to Petra in 1828. There is a valley in the Sinai, once his contracts with the
African Association were successfully terminated, Linant "passed more than a year alone with a choice library in order to study seriously and without distractions in order to acquire what I lacked in scientific understanding to take up service with the Egyptian government in the character of an engineer."
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At his return to Cairo in 1831, Linant was named chief engineer of the public works of Upper Egypt, a position that associated him in a long and fruitful career with most of the great works of modernizing Egypt's network of irrigation canals, the grand levées along the Nile. By 1837, fully in charge
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between the Nile and the Red Sea. "In 1827 and 1828" he wrote later, "I returned once more to the
Isthmus, which I visited once again and its environs, and it was then that I began the first studies of a project of communication between the two seas." These projects he discussed with Laborde as they
137:
Having taken advantage of a sound education that emphasized mathematics, drawing and painting, then having been given some experience at sea through the efforts of his father, Antoine-Marie, a naval officer, charting the coastal waters of
Newfoundland, in 1814, aged fifteen. Having passed his
272:
In 1824, Linant spent a couple of months in London, where the
African Company proposed to support him in a voyage of exploration, as they had supported Burckhardt. After further travels in Nubia and Sudan, in 1827 he set out funded by the Association, to make his way as far up the
353:, and Linant was named chief engineer, in which capacity he was soon assisted by the French hydraulics engineer Mougel, for Linant continued in charge of public works, as director general (1862), as Minister of Public Works (1869) and member of the viceroy's council.
142:, engaged on a mission to Greece, Syria, Palestine and Egypt, which he spent making drawings and doing relief mapping. One of the artists attached to the expedition having suddenly died, Linant was commissioned to replace him, drawing sites and ruins in
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in
December. The expedition was completed, but Linant decided not to return to France, and through a recommendation from the comte de Forbin, the expedition's director, briefly entered the service of the viceroy of Egypt,
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341:. In 1841, he submitted a preliminary plan for a canal to the Compagnie PĂ©ninsulaire et Orientale and in 1844, set before Lesseps his complete plans. In 1854 Lesseps obtained from the viceroy
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All along, the idea of a communication between the
Mediterranean and the Red Sea never left him. From 1830, he was expressing his ideas, first with the consul general of France, then with
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121:(Lorient, France, 23 November 1799 – Cairo 9 July 1883) was an explorer of Egypt and, as the chief engineer of Egypt's public works, 1831–1869, an influential engineer of the
364:. He died leaving a vast accumulation of notes, memoirs, drawings, most of which remain unedited. A great number of visiting Europeans left their impressions of Linant.
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commissioned to get geographical information and draw the monuments there. He was gone from Cairo thirteen months from June 1821, discovering the ruins at
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The
Forgotten Memory of the History of the Egyptian Copyright Law : the jurist M. Linant de Bellefonds, M. Pupikofer and E. Piola Caselli
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In these travel Linant did not completely lose sight of his early experience in hydrology. In the Sinai in 1822 he had noted the traces of
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La mémoire oubliée de l'histoire du droit d'auteur égyptien : Les juristes M. Linant de
Bellefonds, M. Pupikofer et E. Piola Caselli
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Mémoires sur les principaux travaux d'utilité publique exécutés en Egypte depuis les temps de la plus haute antiquité jusqu'à nos jours
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of Paris commissioned a further attempt, which was postponed by the viceroy, who sent him instead to find the gold mines in
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210:, published by E. Jomard (1823). Within a few months he travelled with the Italian Alessandro Ricci to
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and prepare himself for the successful trip to Petra finally undertaken with LĂ©on de
Laborde in 1828.
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and sketched its monuments. This first trip to Sinai enabled him to establish contacts with the
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410:), Publisher Dar El Nahda El Arabia, Cairo, 2014–2015, 602 p. (in Arabic and part in French).
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L'Etbaye ou pays habité par les arabes
Bichariehs : GĂ©ographie, ethnologie, mines d'or
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He retired in 1869 to write his vast memoir. He was elected an International Member of the
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the expedition reached Damiatta by camel caravan, then sailed up the Nile to disembark at
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was foiled by the insecurity of the area, but in returning to Cairo they passed through
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of public works in the Ministry of Public Instruction, he received the title of
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186:. In 1820, he joined the expedition of the French consul general and explorer
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clubbing enemies, drawn in 1821 by Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds
281:: tribal hostility forced him back at 13 degrees north latitude. In 1831 the
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but to which no modern European had penetrated; his drawings illustrated the
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443:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–25.
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entrance exams, young Linant embarked as a naval cadet on the frigate
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International Commission for the piercing of the isthmus of Suez
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and the peninsula's other lakes, and later he had roamed the
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Dredging machine design and implementation (1863-1869)
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182:In 1818–19, he was in lower Nubia, beyond the
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483:"Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds"
596:Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds
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249:in 1821, then was sent by the Englishman
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277:as could be, in search of the fabled
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125:. He is listed as a founder of the
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577:Société d'Études du Canal de Suez
397:Books on The Linant de Bellefonds
391:Egypt in the European imagination
553:Enfantin and the Saint-Simonians
520:Suez Canal Engineers (1798–1869)
724:Science and technology in Egypt
694:Jetty construction (1863-1869)
682:Paul Borel, Alexandre Lavalley
358:American Philosophical Society
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528:Napoleon's Survey (1798–1801)
749:French expatriates in Egypt
591:Barthélemy-Prosper Enfantin
562:Barthélemy-Prosper Enfantin
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678:Chief Engineer (1861-1869)
672:Chief Engineer (1859-1861)
312:'s canal, and had visited
208:Voyage Ă l'Oasis de Syouah
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676:François Philippe Voisin
663:Construction (1859–1869)
296:Ruins of Temple B700 of
245:Meantime he visited the
440:Encyclopædia Britannica
719:French canal engineers
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567:Charles Joseph Lambert
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202:had been consulted by
635:John Robinson McClean
536:Jacques-Marie Le Père
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283:Société de Géographie
184:Cataracts of the Nile
611:The Talabot brothers
545:Planning (1833–1859)
459:search.amphilsoc.org
455:"APS Member History"
339:Ferdinand de Lesseps
729:People from Lorient
402:Yasser OMAR AMINE,
376:(Paris, 1872–1873).
251:William John Bankes
204:Alexander the Great
188:Bernardino Drovetti
434:"Suez Canal"
325:Linant as engineer
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279:source of the Nile
127:Suez Canal Company
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216:Wells of Moses
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70:Cairo, Egypt
64:(1883-07-09)
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739:1883 deaths
734:1799 births
623:(1855–1856)
579:(1846–1854)
555:(1833–1836)
485:(in French)
77:Citizenship
62:9 July 1883
708:Categories
415:References
386:See also:
275:White Nile
259:Messaourat
123:Suez Canal
97:Suez Canal
85:Occupation
43:1799-11-23
160:Jerusalem
140:Cléopâtre
133:Biography
464:24 April
177:MĂ©moires
88:Engineer
53:, France
261:and at
253:to the
240:Bedouin
228:Maghara
194:in the
152:Ephesus
51:Lorient
684:, and
347:firman
310:Trajan
144:Athens
103:Awards
80:France
362:pasha
287:Atbai
267:Meroe
255:Sudan
247:Fayum
232:Petra
212:Sinai
168:Cairo
164:Jaffa
162:. At
466:2024
345:the
314:Suez
263:Naqa
222:and
192:Siwa
158:and
156:Akka
59:Died
37:Born
332:bey
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