501:
31:
181:. From Khonzo 100 men went overland making the road, while the steamers carried materials up by water. By 30 December the expedition had made camp .75 miles (1.21 km) from Isangila, and the steamers were in a cove from which a road could be made to haul them up to their launching place above the rapids. Stanley left Valcke in charge while he returned to Vivi to haul the new wagons and new steel lighter that had been left at the Bundi. The boats were on shore in the camp on 2 January 1881 to be repaired, scraped and painted in readiness for the journey to Manyanga.
170:
establish stations in the Congo territory. Valcke used explosives to blast rocks from the mountain, which combined with tree trunks were used to build the 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) "Valcke's causeway" from Ngoma to N'Konzo. Stanley wrote of Valcke's work, "Though our young friend is frequently suffering from dysentery, by the time he is through with his task, we have finished off our causeway, have levelled it with 24 inches of earth, and a fine compact broad wagon road is the result, along the base of which the baffled river lashes itself into fury.
456:
185:
387:
146:
275:
476:. The local people all deserted overnight. The Zanzibaris bridged the river and carried all he equipment across on the evening of 13 March, but some of them deserted that night leaving only 82 men with Valcke. Valcke left a guard at the Inkisi under Wall and Olsen and set off for Vivi, again suffering from hematuria. He went on to Boma and took ship to
531:(CCCI), and by engineers who were to study construction of the first railway in the Congo. On 8 August 1887 Valcke and Thys directed transport of five carts weighing 1,500–3,500 kilograms (3,300–7,700 lb) to Stanley Pool, which took hundreds of local laborers a month to achieve. The heavily loaded carts carried spare parts for the
497:. She was the first Belgian wife of a State agent authorized to stay in Central Africa during the term of her spouse. She was accompanied by a young Flemish servant and settled in a comfortable house by the standards of the time in the capital of the state, Boma. There she entertained senior officials of the Free State.
564:
and the
Colombian government over a railway construction project. He remained in Colombia until 1910, when he finally returned to Belgium. He was involved in the Colonial Veterans Association and lectured on colonial subjects in Brussels, Ghent and Bruges. Valcke was involved in many colonial enterprises including the
563:
In 1892 Valcke left for
Colombia, where he managed several Franco-Belgian industrial enterprises, mainly gold mines. His wife, Augusta Eerebou, joined him there with their two children. Later the British government asked that he represent English interests in an arbitration between an English company
169:
to contact
Stanley. On 15 November 1880 Stanley sent Valcke orders to join him at Ngoma, which Valcke reached on 25 November 1880. Stanley explained that his task was to build a road that would pass the foot of the Ngoma plateau and make it possible to transport equipment, provisions and personnel to
128:
In 1880 Valcke was seconded by the
Military Cartographic Institute and assigned to the Upper Congo Studies Committee. He was charged by the king to study how best to reach the center of Africa, and advised the king to abandon the idea of entering via the Indian Ocean. At the end of July 1880 the king
369:
and the Djoué. On 13 January 1883 Valcke was at Mfoa where he heard from
Braconnier that the French Chamber had ratified the treaty with Makoko. He was to abandon all activity on the right shore of the Congo and return to Manyanga to join Stanley, who had returned to Vivi on 20 December 1882. Valcke
471:
mediated with
Stanley, who gave back the Zanzibaris to Valcke, and with many difficulties the caravan reached Isanghila on 4 September 1884. It left by water on 14 September, reached Tshumbu by water and on 3 December set off on the Tshumbu-Lukungu road, reaching Lukungu on 23 December 1884. Valcke
364:
on 7 December and Msuata on 13 December with an escort of 50 Zanzibaris and the goods needed for the negotiations. Valcke found that after Brazza had left, Chief Makoko had taken most of the French goods for himself, which had led to him being deposed. The chiefs Mfumu Ntaba, Ngaliema and
Gantschu
252:
had signed a treaty with Chief Makoka and claimed possession for France of the whole right shore of the Congo River north of the Pool. The
Belgians established a camp on the right bank of the Djoué, and on 3 August 1881 Stanley asked Valcke to return to the coast and try to catch the boat due on 20
406:
boilers on the left bank. He used two stretchers, each carried by eight porters. The caravan reached Léopoldville on 27 February 1883. He continued with transport and supply work until 3 April, when he became exhausted and asked to be relieved. Van Gèle took over the work, while Valcke returned to
542:
In 1888 Valcke and the engineer Fabry reported the general route of the railway based on a sketch map drawn up by Thuys. Valcke came down with hematuria again, followed by dysentery and an abscess of the liver, and in
February 1888 returned to Europe. While in Belgium, Valcke and Thys created the
410:
LĂ©opoldville was developing fast when word came of troubles at
Manyanga and Stanley sent Valcke there with an escort of 45 Zanzibaris to restore order. After his return, Valcke was entrusted with obtaining agreement from the chiefs of all the territories between the coast and the Pool to form a
328:
and goods to be stored at the Pool. The road was built without difficulty through the territory of the chiefs Lutete and Makito, who had to be convinced to allow passage of the Europeans. A state post was established at Lutete and entrusted to Van Gele. Early in October the propeller steamboat
323:
He was joined by Van de Velde and the recovered Zanzibaris on 1 August. The road to Isanghila needed repair to meet the transport requirements. Valcke and his column reached Isanghila on 30 August and continued to Manyanga. Here Valcke intervened to pacify the Mowa region at the request of the
446:
left Boma fully loaded and reached Vivi on 31 April 1884, where dismantling began so it could be taken on by land. Valcke started to organize a caravan of 250 Zanzibaris to carry the equipment and 15,000 loads of food and goods weighing 65 pounds (29 kg) each. He fell sick with
551:(SAB). Valcke returned to the Congo in July 1889 on behalf of the SAB, where he replaced Major Parminter as director until March 1890. He established trading posts of this company as far as the Falls. He left the Congo for the last time for health reasons, and after a dispute with
347:
brought it in parts to Isanghila, then assembled it and brought it to Manyanga in October 1882. Orban fell ill and Valcke took over the job of carrying the steamer to the Pool, where it would be reassembled ready for Stanley's next expedition in May 1883.
451:
and was ordered to recover at the Boma sanitorium, where he remained until 16 May 1884. When he returned to Vivi he found that many of his men were being employed on widening the Vivi-Isanghila road by order of Stanley.
492:
In 1885 Valcke married the 18-year-old Augusta Eerebout (5 December 1866 – 12 August 1940). She accompanied him in June 1886 when he returned to the Congo after being appointed director of the navy and transport of the
335:
415:, who had been sent by the king to conclude the same treaty, and who confessed himself unqualified for the task. They divided up the work until Sir Frederic fell ill at Isanghila and Valcke had to complete the work.
308:
and was ordered to return to Europe. He was in Vivi when Valcke and Van Gèle arrived in April. Stanley gave Valcke exclusive command of the 256 Zanzibaris, independent of the new administrator
472:
suffered from another bout of hematuria, but pressed on and the seven boat sections and the boilers reached Lutete on 14 February 1885. On 10 March 1885 the exhausted caravan camped at the
257:, He should bring back trade goods to win the chief Ngaliéma over to the AIA. Valcke made the 500 kilometres (310 mi) journey to Banana in seven days. He was suffering from fever and
261:
when he reached Luanda, but managed to acquire the goods and take then to Banana, where he dispatched them to Stanley and then returned to Belgium, reaching Ostend on 23 December 1881.
548:
528:
121:, then entered the Military School on 1 December 1874. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 January 1877. On 27 February 1878 he was assigned to the engineers regiment in
972:
233:, and joined Stanley in Manianga on 14 July 1881. They left the next day with a contingent of native auxiliaries along the route marked out by Braconnier carrying the
199:(AIA) post at Isanghila before they did so. The post was complete within two months. While Valcke continued to develop the Isanghila post, Stanley took the steamers
962:
407:
LĂ©opoldville. Stanley gave him command of the Stanley Pool district and LĂ©opoldville station, and general responsibility for the Cataractes and Bas-Congo region.
398:
by whaling boats on the Isanghila-Manyanga reach, and transport the steamer to LĂ©opoldville. Stanley took charge of taking the steamer on the right bank to the
523:
of a 6 metres (20 ft) landing stage connected to the shore by two 15 metres (49 ft) walls. On 2 June 1887 he was visited at his house in Boma by
411:
confederation and to place themselves under the protection of the AIA, recognizing AIA sovereignty. Valcke was joined at Vivi by the English General Sir
500:
162:
967:
565:
439:
195:
In February 1881 Stanley heard rumours that English missionaries were planning to build a post in the region, and asked Valcke to establish an
166:
916:
715:) was used as a method of assigned Belgian army officers to the service of the king in establishing what would become the Congo Free State.
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accepted the authority of the AIA and consented to European posts being built in the interior and on the river between the mouths of the
957:
544:
274:
30:
196:
581:
480:, which he reached in mid-April, where he was bedridden for six weeks. He returned to Belgium on 19 May 1885. In his absence, the
133:
via the Atlantic. He asked Valcke to maintain complete secrecy about the proposed enterprise, and to be patient and flexible with
577:
438:
24 metres (79 ft) long, 6 metres (20 ft) wide and weighing 35 tons. Assembly began in Banana and was continued in
137:, whom he described as being a brilliant explorer and energetic organizer, but with a difficult and ambititious character.
402:
between 7 and 27 February, where he had to cross the river and continue on the left bank. Valcke had to transport the two
356:
Valcke had to meet Makoko of Mbe to get him to cancel or at least loosen the treaty he had made with the French. He and
218:
249:
320:
and 600 loads of goods. At the Loa height Van Gèle fell ill and had to return to Vivi, while Valcke continued on.
952:
324:
station commander, Théodore Nilis. Valcke then began to build a road along the left bank for use in carrying the
309:
573:
288:, who agreed that it was necessary to move fast to occupy Central Africa. On 8 February 1882 Valcke left for
316:
in Vivi with the sick from the Zanzibari contingent and set out with Van Gèle carrying a new boiler for the
201:
585:
117:
on 22 December 1857. His parents were Liévin-Pierre Valcke and Clémence d'Ongena. He studied at the Bruges
412:
886:
313:
344:
285:
947:
942:
569:
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boats. His wife accompanied Valcke on this trip, as she had when he was building the pier in Matadi.
519:, at one time Valcke was interim governor-general at the age of 29. In 1887 he began construction at
297:
278:
226:
134:
340:
230:
853:
552:
589:
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reached LĂ©opoldville on 14 January 1883 and Manyanga on 16 January 1883 where he met Stanley and
301:
430:
from Banana to the Pool for use on the upper Congo. It arrived in parts on 9 January 1884. The
912:
906:
468:
357:
254:
118:
494:
708:
516:
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375:
371:
632:
Louis Valcke (1886), "Description de la région des Cataractes, de Vivi au Stanley-Pool",
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In LĂ©opoldville on 20 January 1884 Stanley charged Valcke with bringing the steamer
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165:, which he reached on 2 October 1880, and on 6 October 1880 went up the river to
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130:
300:. In the meantime, Stanley had undertaken a tiring expedition to the Mfini and
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222:
908:
The Congo and the Founding of Its Free State: A Story of Work and Exploration
477:
448:
293:
258:
158:
145:
684:
Louis Valcke (May 1930), "Pourquoi les vétérans coloniaux sont oubliés",
289:
210:
178:
852:
Coosemans, Marthe (20 January 1953), "VALCKE (Louis Pierre Alphonse)",
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On 8 December they camped at a place named Khonzo. Stanley steamed the
122:
105:(22 December 1857 – 16 March 1940) was a Belgian viceroy and soldier.
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484:
completed its journey and was launched on the pool in December 1885.
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225:, bypassing the Ntombo-Mataka falls. Valcke entrusted Isanghila to
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Louis Valcke, "Une Promenade autour d'un village du Bas-Congo",
213:, where Stanley started to build a post, which he entrusted to
177:
upstream and was able to get within 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of
611:
Louis Valcke (1886), "Des produits commerçables du Congo",
221:
with building a road from Manianga to the mouth of the
894:, Tervuren: Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, 2018
831:
829:
827:
292:
to recruit auxiliaries and bring them to Banana via
888:
Inventaire des archives de Louis Valcke 1857 – 1940
613:
Bull, de la Sté belge des Ingénieurs et industriels
92:
84:
65:
43:
21:
621:Bull, de la Sté de géographie commerciale de Paris
529:Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie
248:without difficulty. There they were informed that
619:Louis Valcke (1886), "Cinq années sur le Congo",
461:Stanleys expedition till Emin Paschas undsättning
640:Louis Valcke (1885), "Conférence sur le Congo",
549:Société anonyme belge du commerce du Haut-Congo
547:, the Compagnie des Produits du Congo, and the
509:Le chemin de fer du Congo (Matadi-Stanley-Pool)
237:and two whalers they intended to launch at the
673:Conférence, Bull, de la Société belge de Géog
8:
653:Louis Valcke (1889), "Matadi, port de mer",
37:The Congo and the founding of its free state
634:Bull. Sté belge des ing. Et des industriels
662:Louis Valcke (1891), "D'Anvers au Congo",
29:
18:
782:
209:up the navigable stretch of the river to
113:Louis Pierre Alphonse Valcke was born in
96:Soldier, colonial administrator (viceroy)
905:Stanley, Henry Morton (25 August 2011),
973:19th-century Belgian military personnel
818:
806:
794:
742:Inventaire des archives de Louis Valcke
727:
700:
566:Union nationale des transports fluviaux
963:International Association of the Congo
858:, vol. V, Inst. roy. colon. belge
835:
688:, and Vieux Congo by L, Lejeune: 23–31
336:Chantiers et Forges de la Méditerranée
459:Crossing over the Inkisi River. From
390:The Congo leaving the Pool circa 1888
7:
304:, where he came down with fever and
265:Second tour in the Congo (1882–1885)
153:On 4 August 1880 Valcke embarked at
875:, Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale
545:Compagnie du chemin de fer du Congo
488:Third and fourth tours in the Congo
394:Stanley had decided to replace the
141:First tour in the Congo (1880–1881)
642:Bull. Sté royale de géog. d'Anvers
578:Société minière de l'Aruwimi-Ituri
14:
713:Institut cartographique militaire
707:Military Cartographic Institute (
197:International African Association
188:Map of the Congo from Stanley's
869:Cornet, Anne (26 August 2014),
129:authorized Valcke to enter the
968:Military personnel from Bruges
911:, Cambridge University Press,
1:
284:In Brussels Valcke met King
103:Louis Pierre Alphonse Valcke
23:Louis Pierre Alphonse Valcke
253:August 1881 from Banana to
219:Charles-Marie de Braconnier
35:Valcke from Stanley's 1885
16:Belgian viceroy and soldier
989:
958:Congo Free State officials
855:Biographie Coloniale Belge
555:he retired from the army.
374:, who would leave for the
250:Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza
190:Through the Dark Continent
296:, where he was joined by
28:
582:Société minière du Kasai
574:Société minière de Luebo
442:. On 20 April 1884 the
785:, p. col. 825-836.
109:Early years (1857–1880)
712:
512:
464:
413:Frederic John Goldsmid
391:
310:Eduard Pechuël-Loesche
281:
192:
150:
586:Cie du Lomami-Lualaba
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389:
378:on 23 February 1883.
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187:
148:
570:Kilo-Moto Gold Mines
382:Transport and supply
270:Road to LĂ©opoldville
135:Henry Morton Stanley
527:and members of the
339:arrived in Banana.
314:Lieven van de Velde
872:EEREBOUT (Augusta)
600:on 16 March 1940.
590:Ciments du Katanga
537:Ville de Bruxelles
515:In the absence of
513:
465:
392:
345:Charles Callewaert
282:
193:
151:
918:978-1-108-03131-8
469:Francis de Winton
419:Transport of the
358:Camille Coquilhat
298:Alphonse van Gèle
279:Alphonse van Gèle
255:St-Paul de Loanda
244:They reached the
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953:Belgian soldiers
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54:22 December 1857
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517:Camille Janssen
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372:Edmond Hanssens
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302:Lake LĂ©opold II
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227:Eugène Janssens
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783:Coosemans 1953
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533:Roi des Belges
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341:Frédéric Orban
312:. Valcke left
306:abdominal pain
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231:Frédéric Orban
157:to travel via
149:Banana in 1887
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73:(aged 82)
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596:. He died in
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553:JĂ©rĂ´me Becker
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217:. He charged
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93:Occupation(s)
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69:16 March 1940
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38:
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20:
922:, retrieved
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896:, retrieved
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877:, retrieved
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860:, retrieved
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819:Stanley 2011
814:
807:Stanley 2011
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795:Stanley 2011
790:
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685:
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604:Publications
594:Cie du Kasai
562:
559:Later career
541:
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508:
491:
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474:Inkisi River
466:
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443:
436:sternwheeler
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362:LĂ©opoldville
355:
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239:Stanley Pool
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215:Victor Harou
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71:(1940-03-16)
36:
948:1940 deaths
943:1857 births
924:5 September
836:Cornet 2014
664:Mouv. GĂ©og.
655:Mouv. GĂ©og.
525:Albert Thys
505:Albert Thys
434:was a huge
376:Niadi-Kwilu
246:Djoué River
131:Congo Basin
85:Nationality
937:Categories
898:2020-09-05
879:2020-09-05
862:2020-09-04
568:(Unatra),
286:LĂ©opold II
223:Lufu River
50:1857-12-22
723:Citations
478:Rotterdam
449:hematuria
333:built by
294:Cape Town
259:hematuria
159:Liverpool
79:, Belgian
60:, Belgium
627:(3): 203
360:reached
352:Treaties
290:Zanzibar
235:En Avant
211:Manyanga
202:En Avant
179:Isangila
119:Atheneum
845:Sources
648:(1): 42
482:Stanley
444:Stanley
432:Stanley
428:Stanley
421:Stanley
123:Antwerp
88:Belgian
915:
709:French
521:Matadi
511:(1907)
463:(1890)
404:A.I.A.
400:Inkisi
367:Lefini
331:A.I.A.
326:A.I.A.
163:Banana
155:Ostend
115:Bruges
58:Bruges
892:(PDF)
695:Notes
598:Ghent
507:from
396:Royal
318:Royal
207:Royal
175:Royal
77:Ghent
926:2020
913:ISBN
679:: 60
666:: 73
657:: 65
625:VIII
592:and
535:and
467:Sir
440:Boma
343:and
229:and
205:and
167:Vivi
66:Died
44:Born
161:to
939::
826:^
749:^
730:^
711::
675:,
644:,
623:,
588:,
584:,
580:,
576:,
572:,
241:.
125:.
838:.
744:.
677:X
646:X
52:)
48:(
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