1422:
1066:
920:
1147:
332:
575:
563:
1214:
300:
348:
1362:
1085:
900:
763:
316:
751:
650:
630:
1279:
1104:
779:
587:
939:
1378:
483:, or armchairs, were larger and designed for comfort; their styles evolved during the reign of Louis XV. During the early years of the Regency (1715-23) the armchairs had short curved feet, the top of the back was slightly curved, while the supports of the back and the arms were straight. The armchairs of the middle Louis XV period (1723-1750) were smaller than those of the Louis XIV period, but more comfortable. The legs were more curved, the top of the back was rounded, and often had a small ornamental design. The back of the chair took on a more graceful violin form. This form became known as the
1394:
614:
1244:
281:
837:, or stylized female torsos, on the corners above the legs. The fronts of commodes became more rounded in form. Gilded bronze vines curled and wound across the facade. Bronze ornaments in the form of masks were replaced by faces of smiling women, palmettes, and, later in the period, a new theme, s stylized bat wing. The seashell was a common central element of the rocaille decoration, often combined with acanthus leaves. Handles of drawers were shaped like intertwined flowers. Sculpted images of various animals also appeared near the end of the early period.
1346:
393:. In the reign of Louis XIV ebony was most often used for this covering, but, beginning in 1675-80, more exotic and colorful woods were used, which could give more picturesque effects. This were sometimes placed in cubic designs, or checkerboards, or representing arabesques, floral patterns, trophies, or picturesque scenes. Originally the plaques were about a centimeter thick, but by the end of the period plaques were only slightly more than two millimeters thick. Then the furniture was completed by the
1128:
1263:
802:
602:
551:
1406:
364:
17:
511:, a type of chair designed to go with a desk, and to provide more comfort while writing. It was usually upholstered in leather fastened with gilded nails to the frame, had rounded angles, and one leg of the chair was placed in the front, another directly behind, for greater stability. The curved back and arms of the chair enveloped the person seated.
331:
211:, and made a grand tour of other classical monuments. They returned full of enthusiasm for a new classical style, based on the Roman and Greek monuments. In 1754 they published a manifesto against the Rocaille style, calling for a return to classicism. Marigny, after the death of Louis XV, later became director of buildings for Louis XVI.
1213:
1028:, of pulpit for writing while standing, arrived at about the same time. The finest models were usually made of oak and fir, covered with marquetry of rose wood, satin wood, and amaranth. They had small wheels to be moved around easily, had a locked compartment under the sloping top surface, and shelves below for large documents.
1421:
247:, born in Holland, who became the furniture designer for the Regent. Opponordt's designs in 1714 for the decor of the Hotel de Pomponne on Place des Victoires, featuring curving S and C forms, helped introduce the new style to Parisians. Another important figure in introducing the new style was the painter
1311:
designs began more discreet and restrained, and the influence of antiquity and neo-classicism began to appear in new designs of furniture. The
Commodes became to have more geometric forms; the decoration turned from rocaille to geometric forms, garlands of oak leaves, flowers and classical motifs.
1035:
was a larger and more vertical variation, based on the form of an armoire; it was a large chest with a writing surface that folded down and drawers and shelves inside. It was designed to stand against a wall, and appeared in about 1750. It often featured a marquetry in a geometric pattern resembling
736:
In the late, second style of Louis XV, after 1750, the tables lost the rococo curves and took on classical (or imagined classical) details, including table legs in the form of Doric columns; griffon paws and lion paws on the feet;, trophies of arms, friezes, and figures of nymphs, tripods and horns
43:
The style had three distinct periods. During the early years (1715–1730), called the
Regency, when the King was too young to rule, furniture followed the massive, geometric Style Louis XIV style. From 1730 until about 1750, the period known as the first style, it was much more asymmetrical, ornate
881:
form began. The shapes of commodes became more boxlike, the front flat, and the legs shorter, though they retained their slight S curve. The faces of the commodes were decorated with geometric friezes of oak leaves, roses or serpents and drapery motifs, the early manifestation of the Greco-Roman
677:
decoration, usually in the form of seashells and foliage. The and legs in the form of an exaggerated S or a reverse S. The supporting frame under the table was also highly decorated, sometimes holding porcelain objects, and sculpted figures of dragons or other mythical animals. The face of the
689:
around 1710 in the late reign of Louis XIV, as a replacement for the desk mounted atop two columns of drawers. The early versions by Boulle were made of ebony and dark wood, and had eight legs, and six drawers, which were decorated with gilded bronze handles. The slightly curved legs ending in
222:
decoration remained, but became more discreet and restrained. Secondly, the new wave of enthusiasm for ancient Greece and Rome brought a series of new decorative themes, though the lines of the furniture were not much changed. This marked the beginning of what became French neoclassicism or
869:
As the period advanced, the marquetry, or inlays of different-colored woods, became finer and more dominant. Various geometric patterns, including the checkerboard, stars, and losanges, appeared, along with bouquets of flowers made of fine marquetry. New techniques of lacquering wood were
173:. All of these buildings featured rooms arranged in the new style; the bedrooms took on new importance, and were surrounded by smaller anterooms and cabinets, including an entirely new kind of room, the dining-room. All of them needed new furniture to match the new style and arrangement.
1170:(even if he had actually slept elsewhere) was a formal event, attended by members of the Court and visitors to the Palace. The form of the bed and its covering evolved under Louis XV. Early beds had four posts and a canopy suspended from a rectangular form on top. Under Louis XV, the
1065:
114:, a term which referred to an ornamental decoration resembling a stylized seashell, a style which expressed gaiety and fantasy. The ornament appeared rarely on the exteriors of the new buildings, but lavishly in the interiors, on the walls, ceilings, and furniture. The architects
919:
673:, was designed to be placed against a wall, often in front of mirror, and held statuettes or porcelain objects. It was among the most lavishly decorated pieces of furniture of the early Louis XV period. It was usually made of oak, carved and gilded, and drenched with
108:. In these salons the traditional etiquette and formality of Louis XIV was abandoned. These new suites of smaller rooms were furnished in a new style that met the needs of comfort, intimacy and elegance. Beginning in about 1730, His preference was for the style called
1005:, which contained a section of drawers which could be raised up, while the top folded out into a writing surface. In addition to the drawers, it contained a number of secret compartments concealed within. Numerous other variants appeared soon afterwards; the
694:
decorated the corners and legs. Later in the period, the flat desks featured an abundance of marquetry; they were made of oak or spain, were embedded with thin plaques of exotic woods of contrasting colors. Another celebrated creator of tables was
1043:
was a small desk with cabinet which appeared in about 1760. Following the new style of the late Louis XV period, it had no gilded bronze. It featured graceful curbed legs, but the top part was geometric, with delicate inlays of marquetry flowers.
274:, notably dragons, a phoenix, and other figures. Engravings of their designs for furniture, woodwork and other decoration circulated widely throughout Europe, making the rocaille style a model for artists and craftsmen in other counties to follow.
188:(1684-1754). Under their influence, straight lines disappeared, replaced by curves, ornaments lost all symmetry, and garlands of flowers appeared everywhere. Designs inspired by Chinese art and other exotic sources appeared in profusion, though the
1146:
73:. It included several new types of furniture, including the commode and the chiffonier, and many pieces, particularly chairs and tables, were designed to be moved easily rearranged or moved from room to room, depending upon the kind of function.
494:
had a low seat with an additional cushion, and sometimes added padded wings atop the arms on either side of the back which protected the head against drafts, which also made it easier to take naps. Other new types that were introduced were the
955:
574:
629:
299:
889:, appeared in the 1760s, inspired by somewhat fantastic ideas of ancient Greek furniture. Its front was lavishly decorated with friezes, trophies of arms and lions heads, while on the top, a pedestal supported by two scrolled
1312:
The legs gradually changed from s-curves to straight, often modeled after Greek or Roman columns, tapering to a point. Common decorations included stylized pine cones, and knotted ribbons. A new type of tall cabinet, the
1361:
1182:, where the canopy was supported only from one end. The bed was usually separated from the rest of the room by a balustrade, and stools were arranged outside the balustrade for the Court to witness the formal awakening.
539:
The last phase of the Louis XV style, the gradual transition toward the neoclassical, had a limited effect on chairs. The basic forms remained, but the decoration increasingly took the form of garlands of flowers called
562:
347:
649:
1103:
994:. a writing table with columns of drawers, graceful curving legs, gilded bronze decoration, and fine marquetry in geometric forms. Jacques Dubois made a series of celebrated desks in this fashion the 1740s.
315:
1084:
899:
1316:, made its appearance between 1760 and 1765. It took its inspiration from Greek mythology and architecture, with friezes, vaulting, sculpted trophies, bronze lion heads, and other classic, elements.
750:
762:
199:
In the 1740s, the style began to slowly change; decoration became less extravagant and more discreet. In 1754 the brother of Madame de
Pompadour, the Marquis de Marigny, accompanied the designer
85:, until 1723. During this period, the style of furniture changed little from the Louis XIV period; it was massive, lavishly decorated and solemn, designed for the gigantic state halls of the new
874:
or "Chinese fashion" was introduced, which contrasted the gilded bronze ornament and handles against the black lacquered wood. The designs often borrowed motifs from
Chinese and Japanese art.
722:
table, with a small marble top and long legs, on which coffee or drinks could be served. The version introduced in 1770 featured geometric designs and a neoclassical frieze around the plateau.
846:
from around Europe were employed to make fine wood
Commodes and other furniture for the new apartments built by Louis XV at Versailles, Fontainebleau, and his other residences. They included
733:, or heart-shaped, was especially designed for men; it stood on three legs mounted on rollers, contained an assortment of drawers and small compartments, and featured a folding mirror on top.
2176:
1856:"(#270) Exceptionnelle paire de canapés en coin de feu à châssis et à accotoir unique en noyer et hêtre sculptés et redorés à l'huile d'époque Louis XV, vers 1755, estampillée N. HEURTAUT"
778:
1055:. It had no gilded bronze other than a delicate frieze around the top; very fine marquetry of flowers, and an interior with secret compartments. Many variants were made, including the
89:. In 1722 Louis XV moved from Paris, where he had lived with the Regent, to Versailles, began his own rule, and gradually imposed his own taste on the arts, architecture, and furniture.
938:
65:
Louis XV furniture was designed not for the vast palace state rooms of the
Versailles of Louis XIV, but for the smaller, more intimate salons created by Louis XV and by his mistresses,
954:
829:, or large chest. It was heavy and boxlike, with short legs, and abundant decoration of gilded bronze. During the Regency and early style of Louis XV, particularly in the commodes of
2376:
1278:
1377:
613:
432:, used a heated iron to mark the piece with the initials of the master. It was usually placed on the back of the rear traverse of chairs, under the marble of commodes and
2666:
2336:
476:
a small chair with an armrest on the back, so the person seated could either face forward or turn around and sit astride the chair with his arms on the back of the chair.
1127:
280:
264:; their work featured a greater amount of asymmetry, floral design twisting elements and counter-curves. In 1736 the carver and jewelry sculptor Jean Mondon published
1013:, or "style of donkey's back". Madame de Pompadour possessed one of these, made between 1748–52, with a varnish of red and a blue in the Chinese style, which combined
2548:
1339:
were among the most important creators of the late Louis XV transition style. Their careers continued and reached their peak during the following reign of Louis XVI.
586:
1243:
1855:
81:
With the death of Louis XIV on 1 September 1715, his grandson, Louis XV, born in 1710, became King. Because of his young age, France was ruled by a Regent,
440:
of tables. marks are often missing, either forgotten by the craftsman, or defaced. Given the high value of signed pieces by famous craftsmen, Counterfeit
92:
Louis left the exterior of
Versailles and the other palaces largely unchanged, but beginning in 1738 he extensively redesigned the interiors, creating the
1345:
58:, based on recent archaeological discoveries in Italy and Greece. It featured Roman and Greek motifs. The later furniture featured decorative elements of
1009:, or sloping desk first appeared in about 1735. It was a small cabinet with a sloping front which opened out into a writing surface. It was also called
32:
period (1715–1774) is characterized by curved forms, lightness, comfort and asymmetry; it replaced the more formal, boxlike and massive furniture of the
1393:
1841:
1262:
870:
introduced, based on
Chinese and Japanese techniques, which were frequently used on the front panels of commodes. A particular variation, called the
801:
702:
A number of small, specialized and portable tables appeared around of after 1755, some of them designed for Madame de
Pompadour. These included the
706:, a very small utility table made of oak and inlaid with rosewood and other precious woods, which could be put in the closet when not needed; the
214:
Between 1755 and 1760, the forms of furniture and interior decoration began to change into what became known as the Second Style Louis XV, or the
982:
gradually evolved into the form of the modern desk, along with a wide variety of more elaborate variations. At the beginning the 18th century,
550:
2183:
1948:
1912:
2579:
2443:
2390:
2171:
2626:
251:, a former pupil of Audran, who, besides his famous paintings, made arabesque designs for the woodwork of the new chateau of La Muette.
678:
table often had rocaille masks. a g rocaille modeled after seashells and foliage. They usually had a plaque of colored marble on top.
2646:
2427:
2024:
1966:
1984:
1930:
601:
472:
were usually lighter, often had cane seats and backs, and could be moved around easily. He included some new styles, notably the
2676:
2131:
240:
2158:
82:
2406:
2381:
2092:
2707:
2621:
2532:
2366:
2087:
2651:
2558:
2553:
2116:
2067:
460:, detailing the categories and styles. He divided the chairs into two categories; those with a straight back, called
184:(1695-1750), the Italian-born architect who became royal architect and designer of Louis XV, and the ornament designer
2656:
2346:
2097:
710:, or "Just in case" table, a small piece with two drawers, small cupboard with a grilled door, and a marble top; the
1484:
338:
261:
2386:
2146:
2126:
2111:
2102:
2077:
1194:
181:
131:
1405:
1021:
made a secretary in this style in about 1750, with marquetry of violette, amarante, satin wood and gilded bronze.
2722:
2641:
2121:
2037:
2002:
1514:
1094:
1075:
961:
945:
851:
371:
2712:
2671:
2062:
2464:
2239:
2193:
2141:
2072:
1448:
983:
686:
154:
127:
1207:(a more ornate and exotic version of the Duchesse) and a bed placed into an alcove. (Volume 8, pg. 216).
50:. From about 1750 to the King's death in 1774, a reaction set in against the excesses of the rocaille. The
2661:
2563:
2331:
2017:
1496:
1490:
1324:
1118:
1052:
847:
306:
244:
2500:
377:
Louis XV furniture was created by the collaboration of complex network of designers and craftsmen. The
2631:
2611:
2371:
2254:
1508:
1454:
1234:
1114:
453:
428:
After 1751 each work was signed by the master craftsman who oversaw the work. This mark, called the
123:
119:
97:
86:
2702:
2697:
2300:
2259:
2166:
1320:
1291:
1254:
620:
101:
66:
381:, made the wooden framework of the furniture, which was held together by its structure and wooden
158:
2188:
1307:
Later in the reign of Louis XV, between 1755 and 1760, tastes in furniture began to change. The
1203:
2717:
2616:
2474:
2326:
2295:
2033:
2010:
1980:
1962:
1944:
1926:
1908:
1442:
1384:
1036:
cubes of dark and light wood, a design very popular in the last years of the Louis XV period.
714:, a small table with gracefully curving legs and a porcelain top. Another small table was the
290:
236:
142:
2341:
2244:
2219:
2082:
1478:
1460:
1226:
1167:
987:
929:
906:
859:
830:
769:
696:
514:
The passion for the oriental and exotic soon influenced the furniture. A new kind of seat,
138:
21:
270:, the first book specifically on the style, and was among the first to include elements of
2469:
2422:
2234:
2224:
1466:
1295:
1018:
910:
507:, where two chairs could be combined with an extension between. Another new type was the
224:
166:
115:
105:
40:, using inlays of exotic woods of different colors, as well as ivory and mother of pearl.
33:
2264:
2136:
1269:
1186:
2595:
2516:
2495:
2285:
2229:
2214:
2209:
2153:
1520:
1502:
1472:
1352:
1332:
855:
842:
792:
655:
A chaise-longue, with separate chair and extension. (HĂ´tel de
Caumont, Aix-en-Provence)
322:
257:
200:
185:
150:
146:
137:
Palatial residences with rocaille interiors soon appeared In Paris. They included the
70:
55:
51:
2691:
2490:
2361:
2305:
1428:
1412:
1368:
1336:
1328:
1230:
1190:
1153:
1137:
1110:
1056:
863:
670:
544:
in a repetitive rhythm, which opposed the sinuous form of the carved legs and frame.
145:(now the residence of the French Prime Minister) in 1721, by Jean Courtonne; and the
363:
16:
2249:
1842:"Nicolas Heurtaut's Masterpieces: The Million Euro Sofas Fit for a King's Mistress"
203:
and a delegation of artists and scholars to Italy to see the recent discoveries at
162:
389:
then covered the frame and native woods with thin pieces of exotic woods, called
2280:
2057:
409:
or wood sculptors, who made the decorate details, legs, and other carvings; the
271:
208:
59:
1997:
639:
sofa (1750-60) by Jean Baptiste Tilliard, in an oval shape, an example of the
2636:
2356:
2321:
2290:
1286:
1221:
1175:
490:
A variety of other new forms appeared, designed especially for comfort. The
2459:
825:(whose name means "convenient") was invented under Louis XIV to replace the
788:
390:
286:
235:
The earliest furniture designers under Louis XV during the Regency included
37:
1051:
or rolltop desk, which appeared in about 1760. The master of this form was
526:, and arms which wrapped around the oval seat, and another variety, called
2106:
2052:
1178:) appeared, with a canopy suspended from a crownlike structure; and the
170:
110:
46:
29:
699:, who carried on the refined and harmonious ornamental style of Boulle.
925:
822:
422:
418:
248:
204:
157:. They also appeared in the French provinces, the royal residence by
1047:
The most celebrated new type of desk invented under Louis XV was the
193:
256:
In the 1730s, notable designers included the sculptor and architect
503:, an armchair with a lengthened seat to support the legs, and the
362:
100:, whom he married in 1725, and later, for his primary mistresses,
15:
239:, who had been responsible for furniture design under Louis XIV;
1237:. Note square frame under crown is covered with the same fabric.
2006:
1780:
1778:
877:
Beginning in 1755-60, the reaction against the excesses of the
833:, commodes became more graceful, with longer S-shaped legs and
756:
Console table, HĂ´tel de Bourvallais (now Ministry of Justice)
536:, which featured cushions which could be moved and rearranged.
1563:
1561:
1437:
List of master furniture designers and creators under Louis XV
499:, basically an armchair expanded to seat two persons, and the
1824:
1822:
1820:
690:
gilded ornaments in the shape of deer's feet. Gilded bronze
580:
Louis XV salon with Duchesse divided seat (1760-65) (Louvre)
1693:
1691:
1678:
1676:
1651:
1649:
96:, or smaller apartments and salons for himself, the Queen,
1868:
History and date of set, part of same set, including image
1636:
1634:
518:
was introduced, with two places; another type called the
353:
Rocaille design with Chinese Figure by Jean Mondon (1736)
176:
For a quarter of a century, the furniture designs of the
1795:
1793:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1166:
Under Louis XV the bedroom was a place of ceremony; the
737:
of plenty. This style was termed, rather imaginatively,
180:
style was dominant, particularly under the influence of
1621:
1619:
1617:
385:
or dowels; the use of nails or glue was forbidden. The
243:, who in 1699 became chief designer for Louis XIV, and
1233:
arranged before it, Bedchamber of the Dauphine at the
932:
in the apartment of the Dauphin at Versailles (1745)
893:
held a group of replicas of classical Greek statues.
192:
style never reached the excess of exuberance of the
2604:
2588:
2572:
2541:
2525:
2509:
2483:
2452:
2436:
2415:
2399:
2314:
2273:
2202:
2045:
196:style that appeared in Italy, Austria and Germany.
141:in Paris, (now the National Archives) in 1705; the
456:published a series of books of engravings called
997:Around 1750, a new variety appeared, called the
741:, and presaged the neoclassical period to come.
1168:formal awakening of the King in his bed chamber
1957:Renault, Christophe; Lazé, Christophe (2000),
1367:Jewel box of the Dauphine Marie Antoinette by
729:, or dressing table. One particular variety,
452:Between 1769 and 1775, the furniture designer
2018:
8:
725:Another popular type of small table was the
527:
265:
1959:Les styles de l'architecture et du mobilier
1941:Les Styles de l'architecture et du mobilier
1784:
1567:
1552:
960:Lacquered Commode in Chinoiserie style, by
556:Armchair by Nicolas-Quinibert Foliot (1749)
2025:
2011:
2003:
1303:Transition From Rocaille to neo-classicism
1697:
1682:
1667:
1640:
1140:, (1766), Nissim de Camondo Museum, Paris
267:Premier Livre de form rocquaille et carte
1828:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1655:
1608:
1591:
1579:
964:, Victoria and Albert Museum (1750-1760)
607:Louis XV armchair with Beauvais tapestry
464:, and those with a rounded back, called
370:or signature mark under top of table by
1533:
1341:
1209:
1061:
895:
746:
681:Another popular style of table was the
568:Armchair with padded wings (about 1750)
546:
532:, without arms or a back; and finally
397:, who made the handles and knobs; the
276:
1977:Le Mobilier Français- Régence Louis XV
1877:
1811:
1799:
1769:
1625:
1540:
1152:Early neoclassical drop-front desk by
685:, or flat desk. It was introduced by
44:and exuberant, in the fashion called
7:
2040:in architecture and decorative arts
1431:with Japanese lacquer veneer (1773)
1197:(1751–72) included images of beds
974:During the reign of Louis XV, the
14:
522:, with the back in a form called
20:Commode decoration attributed to
1420:
1404:
1392:
1376:
1360:
1344:
1277:
1261:
1242:
1212:
1145:
1126:
1102:
1083:
1064:
953:
937:
918:
898:
800:
777:
761:
749:
648:
628:
612:
600:
585:
573:
561:
549:
417:, who applied multiple coats of
346:
330:
314:
298:
279:
1961:, Editions Jean-paul Gisserot,
1399:Table chiffonère, Louvre (1774)
1059:now on display at Versailles.
1998:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
1975:Wiegandt, Claude-Paul (2005),
811:by Charles Topino (about 1773)
623:(1754-56) Metropolitan Museum
1:
1996:. Retrieved 2 May 2008, from
1905:L'Art Classique et le Baroque
948:, Getty Museum, (circa 1750)
305:Design for a writing desk by
1939:Renault, Christophe (2006),
1896:Histoire des arts décoratifs
1268:Engravings of beds from the
1024:A much simpler variety, the
436:, and under the surrounding
321:Design for a mantlepiece by
122:remade the interiors of the
1992:Louis XV style. (2008). In
885:A new form of commode, the
487:, or "Chair of the Queen."
2739:
1923:Caractéristique des Styles
840:A large number of skilled
405:, who made metalwork; the
1894:De Morant, Henry (1970).
1515:Bernard II van Risamburgh
1095:Bernard II van Risamburgh
1076:Bernard II van Risamburgh
962:Bernard II van Risamburgh
946:Bernard II van Risamburgh
852:Roger Vandercruse Lacroix
372:Bernard II van Risamburgh
62:and other exotic styles.
54:showed the influences of
2672:Richardsonian Romanesque
2274:Germany, Austria-Hungary
2184:Spanish Colonial Revival
1485:Juste-Aurèle Meissonnier
595:or desk chair (c. 1750)
339:Juste-Aurèle Meissonnier
262:Juste-Aurèle Meissonnier
2580:Serbo-Byzantine Revival
2542:Russian Empire and USSR
2465:National Romantic style
2391:Black-and-white Revival
1994:Encyclopædia Britannica
1921:Ducher, Robert (1988),
1903:Cabanne, Perre (1988),
1785:Renault & Lazé 2000
1568:Renault & Lazé 2000
1553:Renault & Lazé 2000
1195:Jean le Rond d'Alembert
182:Juste-Aurèle Meissonier
128:Palace of Fontainebleau
2662:Polish cathedral style
2627:Dutch Colonial Revival
2347:Indo-Saracenic Revival
1497:Gilles-Marie Oppenordt
1026:pupitre Ă Ă©crire debut
528:
374:
307:Gilles-Marie Oppenordt
266:
245:Gilles-Marie Oppenordt
25:
2647:Mediterranean Revival
2501:Soft Portuguese style
2444:Traditionalist School
1925:, Paris: Flammarion,
1898:. Librarie Hacahette.
1033:Secretaire en armoire
999:Secretaire Ă capuchin
807:Men's dressing table
401:who gilded them; the
366:
337:Side table design by
28:The furniture of the
19:
2708:History of furniture
2612:American Renaissance
2554:Neoclassical Revival
2255:Louis Philippe style
1455:Jean-Philippe Boulle
1449:André Charles Boulle
1387:upholstery (1750–75)
1249:Bedchamber with bed
1235:Palace of Versailles
1115:Palace of Versailles
984:André Charles Boulle
882:Neoclassical style.
687:André-Charles Boulle
132:Château de Compiègne
124:Palace of Versailles
120:Ange-Jacques Gabriel
87:Palace of Versailles
2677:Territorial Revival
2260:Second Empire style
2132:Renaissance Revival
1943:, Paris: Gisserot,
1907:, Paris: Larousse,
1844:. 18 November 2016.
1814:, pp. 146–147.
1528:Notes and citations
1491:Jean-François Oeben
1325:Jean-François Leleu
1321:Jean-Henri Riesener
1119:Jean-François Oeben
1053:Jean-François Oeben
848:Jean-François Oeben
817:Commodes and chests
661:Consoles and tables
621:Jean Baptiste Oudry
509:Fauteuil de cabinet
102:Madame de Pompadour
83:Philippe of Orleans
67:Madame de Pompadour
2377:Romanesque Revival
2367:Queen Anne Revival
2189:Swiss chalet style
2159:Romanesque Revival
1880:, pp. 146–47.
1543:, pp. 136–37.
1222:Lit Ă la polonaise
1172:Lit Ă la polonaise
1091:Secretaire en pent
1007:Secrétaire en pent
593:Fauteiul de Bureau
375:
134:in the new style.
26:
2685:
2684:
2617:Collegiate Gothic
2475:Nordic Classicism
2407:Mycenaean Revival
2382:Scottish Baronial
2332:Edwardian Baroque
2327:Bristol Byzantine
2296:Nazi architecture
2093:French Provincial
1979:, Paris: Massin,
1950:978-2-877-4746-58
1914:978-2-03-583324-2
1831:, pp. 85–88.
1787:, pp. 63–65.
1748:, pp. 90–91.
1736:, pp. 42–50.
1724:, pp. 42–43.
1570:, pp. 63–67.
1555:, pp. 63–73.
1509:André Jacob Roubo
1443:Claude Audran III
1385:Aubusson tapestry
1180:Lit Ă la Duchesse
1049:Bureau Ă cylindre
768:Writing table by
727:Table de toilette
485:Chaise Ă la Reine
458:L'Art du menusier
454:André Jacob Roubo
444:are not unknown.
291:Claude III Audran
237:Claude III Audran
98:Marie Leszczyńska
94:petits apartments
2730:
2723:French furniture
2667:Queen Anne style
2622:Colonial Revival
2533:Romanian Revival
2453:Nordic countries
2342:Georgian Revival
2337:Egyptian Revival
2245:Directoire style
2220:Louis XIII style
2088:Egyptian Revival
2083:Carpenter Gothic
2027:
2020:
2013:
2004:
1989:
1971:
1953:
1935:
1917:
1899:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1686:
1680:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1658:, p. 22-25.
1653:
1644:
1638:
1629:
1623:
1612:
1606:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1582:, pp. 9–13.
1577:
1571:
1565:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1479:Antoine Gaudreau
1461:Charles Cressent
1424:
1408:
1396:
1380:
1364:
1348:
1292:hĂ´tel de Caumont
1281:
1265:
1255:HĂ´tel de Soubise
1246:
1227:Nicolas Heurtaut
1216:
1149:
1130:
1111:Desk of Louis XV
1106:
1087:
1068:
1057:desk of Louis XV
1017:and exoticism.
990:had created the
988:Charles Cressent
957:
941:
930:Antoine Gaudreau
922:
907:Charles Cressent
902:
860:Antoine Gaudreau
831:Charles Cressent
804:
781:
770:Charles Cressent
765:
753:
697:Charles Cressent
667:Table en console
652:
643:or Turkish style
632:
616:
604:
589:
577:
565:
553:
531:
448:Chairs and sofas
350:
334:
318:
302:
283:
269:
260:and the jeweler
216:Style Transition
22:Charles Cressent
2738:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2713:Interior design
2688:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2652:Mission Revival
2600:
2584:
2568:
2559:Russian Revival
2537:
2521:
2505:
2479:
2470:Gustavian style
2448:
2432:
2423:Stile Umbertino
2411:
2395:
2310:
2269:
2235:Louis XVI style
2225:Louis XIV style
2198:
2117:Moorish Revival
2068:Baroque Revival
2063:Arts and Crafts
2041:
2031:
1987:
1974:
1969:
1956:
1951:
1938:
1933:
1920:
1915:
1902:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1647:
1639:
1632:
1624:
1615:
1607:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1467:Mathieu Criaerd
1439:
1432:
1425:
1416:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1365:
1356:
1349:
1305:
1298:
1296:Aix-en-Provence
1282:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1247:
1238:
1217:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1141:
1134:Bonheur-du-Jour
1131:
1122:
1107:
1098:
1088:
1079:
1069:
1041:Bonheur-du-jour
1019:Mathieu Criaerd
972:
965:
958:
949:
942:
933:
923:
914:
911:Waddesdon Manor
903:
819:
812:
805:
796:
782:
773:
766:
757:
754:
744:
704:table de chevet
663:
656:
653:
644:
633:
624:
617:
608:
605:
596:
590:
581:
578:
569:
566:
557:
554:
450:
361:
354:
351:
342:
335:
326:
325:(early 18th C.)
319:
310:
303:
294:
284:
241:Pierre Lepautre
233:
225:Louis XVI style
167:Aix-en-Provence
116:Robert de Cotte
106:Madame du Barry
79:
34:Louis XIV style
12:
11:
5:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2690:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:Pueblo Revival
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2517:Zakopane Style
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:Louis XV style
2227:
2222:
2217:
2215:Henry IV style
2212:
2210:Henry II style
2206:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2177:North American
2174:
2169:
2163:Second Empire
2161:
2156:
2154:Rococo Revival
2151:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2100:
2098:Gothic Revival
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1985:
1972:
1968:978-2877474658
1967:
1954:
1949:
1936:
1931:
1918:
1913:
1900:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1861:
1847:
1833:
1816:
1804:
1802:, p. 144.
1789:
1774:
1772:, p. 138.
1762:
1760:, pp. 92.
1750:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1700:, p. 381.
1698:De Morant 1970
1687:
1685:, p. 380.
1683:De Morant 1970
1672:
1670:, p. 379.
1668:De Morant 1970
1660:
1645:
1643:, p. 355.
1641:De Morant 1970
1630:
1628:, p. 146.
1613:
1596:
1584:
1572:
1557:
1545:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:David Roentgen
1518:
1512:
1506:
1503:Nicolas Pineau
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1473:Louis Delanois
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1353:David Roentgen
1351:Early desk by
1350:
1343:
1335:and menuisier
1333:David Roentgen
1319:The ebenistes
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1287:Ă la Polonaise
1283:
1276:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1231:folding stools
1218:
1211:
1199:Ă la Polonaise
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1070:
1063:
992:bureau au plat
971:
968:
967:
966:
959:
952:
950:
943:
936:
934:
924:
917:
915:
904:
897:
872:façon de Chine
856:Gilles Joubert
818:
815:
814:
813:
806:
799:
797:
793:Pierre Roussel
783:
776:
774:
767:
760:
758:
755:
748:
708:Table d'en-cas
662:
659:
658:
657:
654:
647:
645:
634:
627:
625:
618:
611:
609:
606:
599:
597:
591:
584:
582:
579:
572:
570:
567:
560:
558:
555:
548:
468:. The chairs
449:
446:
360:
357:
356:
355:
352:
345:
343:
336:
329:
327:
323:Nicolas Pineau
320:
313:
311:
304:
297:
295:
285:
278:
258:Nicolas Pineau
232:
229:
201:Nicolas Cochin
186:Nicolas Pineau
165:, and also in
143:HĂ´tel Matignon
78:
75:
71:Madame DuBarry
56:Neo-classicism
52:Louis XV style
36:. It employed
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2735:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Federal style
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:United States
2603:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:Neo-Byzantine
2547:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Neo-Manueline
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2387:Tudor Revival
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Neo-Palladian
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:British India
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:Great Britain
2313:
2307:
2306:Rundbogenstil
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:Neoclassicism
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2147:Palazzo style
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:New Classical
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Mayan Revival
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:Greek Revival
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Neo-Byzantine
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:International
2044:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:2-7072-0254-1
1982:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1932:2-08-011539-1
1928:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:Wiegandt 2005
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:Wiegandt 2005
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:Wiegandt 2005
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:Wiegandt 2005
1730:
1727:
1723:
1722:Wiegandt 2005
1718:
1715:
1712:, p. 64.
1711:
1710:Wiegandt 2005
1706:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:Wiegandt 2005
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1611:, p. 54.
1610:
1609:Wiegandt 2005
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1594:, p. 13.
1593:
1592:Wiegandt 2005
1588:
1585:
1581:
1580:Wiegandt 2005
1576:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1469:(1689 — 1776)
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1429:Martin Carlin
1423:
1418:
1414:
1413:Georges Jacob
1407:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1369:Martin Carlin
1363:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1337:Georges Jacob
1334:
1330:
1329:Martin Carlin
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:Ă la Duchesse
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:Denis Diderot
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1155:
1154:Martin Carlin
1148:
1143:
1139:
1138:Martin Carlin
1135:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:Ă la Bourgone
1000:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
969:
963:
956:
951:
947:
940:
935:
931:
927:
921:
916:
912:
908:
901:
896:
894:
892:
888:
883:
880:
875:
873:
867:
865:
864:Martin Carlin
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:
838:
836:
835:espagnolettes
832:
828:
824:
816:
810:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
780:
775:
771:
764:
759:
752:
747:
745:
742:
740:
734:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
700:
698:
693:
692:espagnolettes
688:
684:
679:
676:
672:
671:Console table
668:
660:
651:
646:
642:
638:
631:
626:
622:
615:
610:
603:
598:
594:
588:
583:
576:
571:
564:
559:
552:
547:
545:
543:
537:
535:
530:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
501:chaise longue
498:
493:
488:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
447:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
373:
369:
365:
358:
349:
344:
340:
333:
328:
324:
317:
312:
308:
301:
296:
292:
288:
282:
277:
275:
273:
268:
263:
259:
254:
253:
250:
246:
242:
238:
230:
228:
226:
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
159:Emmanuel Héré
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
139:HĂ´tel Soubise
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
88:
84:
76:
74:
72:
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:
41:
39:
35:
31:
23:
18:
2642:Jeffersonian
2460:Dragon style
2301:Resort style
2265:Belle Époque
2250:Empire style
2137:Châteauesque
2122:Neoclassical
1993:
1976:
1958:
1940:
1922:
1904:
1895:
1888:Bibliography
1873:
1864:
1850:
1836:
1807:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1717:
1705:
1663:
1587:
1575:
1548:
1536:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1285:
1270:Encyclopédie
1250:
1220:
1202:
1198:
1187:Encyclopédie
1184:
1179:
1171:
1165:
1133:
1090:
1071:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1014:
1011:en dos d'âne
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
996:
991:
979:
975:
973:
890:
886:
884:
878:
876:
871:
868:
841:
839:
834:
826:
820:
808:
795:(about 1770)
784:
743:
738:
735:
730:
726:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
701:
691:
682:
680:
674:
666:
664:
640:
636:
592:
541:
538:
533:
523:
519:
515:
513:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
484:
480:
478:
473:
470:en cabriolet
469:
466:en cabriolet
465:
461:
457:
451:
441:
437:
433:
429:
427:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
386:
382:
378:
376:
367:
341:(about 1739)
293:(about 1700)
255:
252:
234:
219:
215:
213:
198:
189:
177:
175:
136:
109:
93:
91:
80:
64:
45:
42:
27:
2596:Neo-Mudéjar
2496:Neo-Mudéjar
2437:Netherlands
2286:GrĂĽnderzeit
2281:Biedermeier
2058:Art Nouveau
2034:Historicism
1878:Ducher 1988
1812:Ducher 1988
1800:Ducher 1988
1770:Ducher 1988
1626:Ducher 1988
1541:Ducher 1988
1523:(1743-1807)
1505:(1684-1754)
1499:(1672-1742)
1487:(1695-1750)
1481:(1680-1746)
1475:(1731-1792)
1463:(1685-1768)
1457:(1678-1744)
1451:(1642-1732)
1445:(1658-1734)
1427:Commode by
1204:Ă la Turque
1185:The famous
1121:(1760-1769)
1072:Bureau Plat
944:Commode by
905:Commode by
787:table with
739:Ă la Greque
712:Chiffonière
683:bureau plat
542:a l'ántique
442:Estampilles
434:secretaries
415:vernisseurs
309:(1675-1700)
272:Chinoiserie
209:Herculaneum
155:Jean Aubert
151:Musée Rodin
147:HĂ´tel Biron
60:Chinoiserie
2703:French art
2698:Rococo art
2692:Categories
2637:Greco Deco
2357:Jacobethan
2291:Jugendstil
2194:Vernacular
2142:Italianate
2073:Beaux-Arts
2038:Revivalism
1383:Sofa with
1314:Cartonnier
1176:Polish bed
980:secretaire
887:Cartonnier
619:Canapé by
524:en gondola
516:La Sultane
462:á la Reine
430:Estampille
368:Estampille
289:design by
130:, and the
2564:Stalinist
2322:Adamesque
1517:(1730–67)
1511:(1739–91)
1493:(1721–63)
1411:Chair by
1272:(1751–72)
1109:Roll-top
843:ébénistes
789:marquetry
785:Coiffeuse
772:(1730-35)
641:Turquoise
529:la papose
481:fauteuils
407:chiselers
395:bronziers
391:marquetry
383:chevilles
379:Menuisier
359:Craftsmen
287:Arabesque
231:Designers
149:(now the
38:marquetry
24:(1745–49)
2718:Louis XV
2484:Portugal
2172:European
2107:Neo-Grec
2053:Art Deco
1309:rocaille
1015:rocaille
913:, (1730)
879:rocaille
809:en coeur
731:en coeur
675:rocaille
637:Ottomane
520:Ottomane
505:Duchesse
497:marquise
438:ceinture
411:laqueurs
403:fondeurs
220:rocaille
190:rocaille
178:rocaille
171:Bordeaux
111:rocaille
47:rocaille
30:Louis XV
2526:Romania
2372:Regency
1229:, with
1113:at the
926:Commode
891:volutes
823:Commode
716:cabaret
534:Le Sofa
492:Bergere
474:voyeuse
423:varnish
419:lacquer
399:doreurs
387:Ebenist
249:Watteau
218:. The
205:Pompeii
77:History
2573:Serbia
2510:Poland
2400:Greece
2203:France
2167:French
1983:
1965:
1947:
1929:
1911:
1415:(1770)
1371:(1770)
1355:(1769)
1201:, and
1156:(1773)
1097:(1745)
1078:(1745)
976:bureau
862:, and
827:coffre
720:á café
194:Rococo
126:, the
2589:Spain
2428:Milan
2416:Italy
1219:1755
970:Desks
163:Nancy
153:) by
2036:and
1981:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1927:ISBN
1909:ISBN
1331:and
1284:Bed
1193:and
1162:Beds
1039:The
1031:The
986:and
978:and
821:The
665:The
479:The
413:and
207:and
169:and
118:and
104:and
69:and
1225:by
1189:of
1136:by
1117:by
1093:by
1074:by
1001:or
928:by
791:by
718:or
669:or
635:An
421:or
161:in
2694::
2389:/
2105:/
1819:^
1792:^
1777:^
1690:^
1675:^
1648:^
1633:^
1616:^
1599:^
1560:^
1327:,
1323:,
1294:,
1290:,
1253:.
909:,
866:.
858:,
854:,
850:,
425:.
227:.
2026:e
2019:t
2012:v
1858:.
1174:(
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