1392:
668:). In this system, the N-terminal P450 domain is fused to the reductase domain that shows sequence similarity to phthalate dioxygenase reductase and consists, in its turn, of FMN-binding domain and C-terminal plant-type ferredoxin domain. Similar systems have been identified in the heavy-metal-tolerant bacterium
954:
McLean, K.J.; Sabri, M.; Marshall, K.R.; Lawson, R.J.; Lewis, D.G.; Clift, D.; Balding, P.R.; Dunford, A.J.; Warman, A.J.; McVey, J.P.; Quinn, A.-M.; Sutcliffe, M.J.; Scrutton, N.S.; Munro, A.W. (2005). "Biodiversity of cytochrome P450 redox systems".
858:) are examples of P450 enzymes that do not require a reductase or molecular oxygen for their catalytic activity. Substrates for all these enzymes are fatty acid derivatives containing partially reduced dioxygen (either hydroperoxy or epidioxy groups).
31:
chains, called P450-containing monooxygenase systems, although self-sufficient, non-monooxygenase P450s have been also described. All known P450-containing monooxygenase systems share common structural and functional
73:
transfer electrons between the flavin reductase (protein or domain) and P450. While P450-containing systems are found throughout all kingdoms of life, some organisms lack one or more of these redox domains.
406:, CPR is a C-terminal domain of CYP102, a single polypeptide self-sufficient soluble P450 system (P450 is an N-terminal domain). The general scheme of electron flow in the CPR/P450 system is:
1031:
McLean, K.J.; Warman, A.J.; Seward, H.E.; Marshall, K.R.; Girvan, H.M.; Cheesman, M.R.; Waterman, M.R.; Munro, A.W. (2006). "Biophysical characterization of the sterol demethylase P450 from
735:
1252:
1144:
101:
and several membrane-bound P450s (CYP11A, CYP11B, CYP27). In bacteria, putidaredoxin, terpredoxin, and rhodocoxin serve as electron carriers between corresponding
93:
ferredoxins (Fd) that act as single electron carriers between FAD-containing ferredoxin reductase (FR) and P450. In mitochondrial monooxygenase systems,
66:. These ubiquitous redox domains, in various combinations, are widely distributed in biological systems. FMN domain, ferredoxin or cytochrome
1072:"A self-sufficient cytochrome P450 with a primary structural organisation that includes a flavin domain and a [2Fe-2S] redox center"
1337:
1137:
1230:
123:
938:
102:
1295:
1300:
1272:
1245:
1223:
1208:
1173:
1130:
992:"Redundancy or flexibility: molecular diversity of the electron transfer components for P450 monooxygenases in higher plants"
911:
1382:
1218:
1070:
Roberts, G.A.; Γelik, A.; Hunter, D.J.B.; Ost, T.W.B.; White, J.H.; Chapman, S.K.; Turner, N.J.; Flitsch, S.L. (2003).
41:
312:
814:
388:
1412:
1322:
852:
845:
838:
484:
392:
1117:
1354:
1332:
792:
473:
1317:
1213:
875:
Degtyarenko, K.N.; Kulikova, T.A. (2001). "Evolution of bioinorganic motifs in P450-containing systems".
307:
221:
98:
49:
387:
P450 enzymes and some bacterial P450s receive electrons from a FAD- and FMN-containing enzyme known as
256:
The general scheme of electron flow in the P450 systems containing adrenodoxin-type ferredoxins is:
1369:
1359:
1327:
106:
1364:
1071:
748:
461:
can serve as an effector (activator or inhibitor) of P450s. It was hypothesized that cytochrome
1096:
1052:
1013:
972:
934:
892:
823:
800:
36:
architecture. Apart from the cytochrome itself, these systems contain one or more fundamental
33:
28:
1086:
1044:
1003:
964:
926:
884:
1157:
739:
17:
1396:
1305:
1188:
1165:
930:
1406:
1200:
1183:
757:
82:
57:
398:). Microsomal CPR is membrane-bound protein that interacts with different P450s. In
753:
45:
834:) as an oxidant. These enzymes do not require any reduction system for catalysis.
1122:
1178:
229:
94:
1391:
1290:
1267:
384:
317:
53:
1100:
1091:
1056:
1017:
976:
896:
844:), fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase (CYP74B), prostacyclin synthase (CYP8;
752:. This enzyme does not have monooxygenase activity but is able to reduce
855:
848:
841:
968:
888:
768:
684:
611:
494:
487:
410:
395:
332:
260:
237:
113:
1048:
822:) catalyse the hydroxylation reaction of long-chain fatty acids using
27:
P450 enzymes usually function as a terminal oxidase in multicomponent
1262:
1257:
1153:
680:. The general scheme of electron flow in this system appears to be:
1347:
1342:
819:
805:
743:
673:
665:
37:
1008:
991:
1240:
1235:
1126:
742:
in several fungal species. The best-characterized P450nor is
660:
An unusual one-component P450 system was originally found in
912:"Electron transfer proteins of cytochrome P450 systems"
584:
system to support P450 catalysis has been demonstrated
97:
functions as a soluble electron carrier between NADPH:
1380:
454:
The ubiquitous electron-transport protein cytochrome
1253:
Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
105:-dependent ferredoxin reductases and soluble P450s (
1355:
Phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system
1283:
1199:
1164:
1035:, its cognate ferredoxin, and their interactions".
607:the first and second electrons are donated by CBR.
85:and some bacterial P450 systems employ soluble Fe
1174:Photosynthetic reaction center complex proteins
1138:
764:O) directly using NAD(P)H as electron donor:
8:
1145:
1131:
1123:
921:. Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology.
472:electron to P450, either from CPR or from
316:contains flavoprotein reductase A (FprA),
1090:
1007:
1387:
867:
7:
1118:Directory of P450-containing Systems
1338:Mitochondrial trifunctional protein
808:) and fatty acid Ξ±-hydroxylase P450
468:is involved in the transfer of the
851:) and thromboxane synthase (CYP5;
699:
588:using purified CBR and cytochrome
577:The ability of the CBR/cytochrome
347:
275:
20:protein or domain can be called a
14:
777:
712:
637:
626:
431:
360:
288:
1390:
736:Nitric oxide reductase (P450nor)
16:Any enzyme system that includes
1296:Carbamoyl phosphate synthase II
990:Ohta, D.; Mizutani, M. (2004).
837:Allene oxide synthase (CYP74A;
1301:Aspartate carbamoyltransferase
1209:Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
693:
620:
425:
419:
341:
269:
1:
1333:Glycine decarboxylase complex
1328:Fatty acid synthetase complex
931:10.1016/S1569-2558(08)60339-2
793:Fatty acid Ξ²-hydroxylase P450
738:is a P450 enzyme involved in
676:) and in several species of
771:
687:
614:
535:
497:
413:
335:
263:
214:
182:
150:
116:
1429:
1365:Sucrase-isomaltase complex
1231:Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
1033:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
313:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
389:cytochrome P450 reductase
1323:Electron transport chain
815:Pseudomonas paucimobilis
597:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1313:P450-containing systems
670:Ralstonia metallidurans
328:and CYP51 hemoprotein.
124:putidaredoxin reductase
1318:Cytochrome b6f complex
1092:10.1074/jbc.M309630200
910:Hanukoglu, I. (1996).
599:and CYP51 enzyme from
157:terpredoxin reductase
22:P450-containing system
1158:multienzyme complexes
222:adrenodoxin reductase
189:rhodocoxin reductase
99:adrenodoxin reductase
1370:Tryptophan synthase
1360:Polyketide synthase
1085:(49): 48914β48920.
957:Biochem. Soc. Trans
919:Adv. Mol. Cell Biol
877:Biochem. Soc. Trans
656:FMN/Fd/P450 systems
450:CBR/b5/P450 systems
400:Bacillus megaterium
109:, CYP108, CYP116).
1002:(1β3): 1587β1597.
969:10.1042/BST0330796
889:10.1042/BST0290139
749:Fusarium oxysporum
603:. In this system,
308:sterol demethylase
78:FR/Fd/P450 systems
1378:
1377:
1049:10.1021/bi0601609
1043:(27): 8427β8443.
824:hydrogen peroxide
801:Bacillus subtilis
788:
787:
731:P450-only systems
726:
725:
651:
650:
573:
572:
445:
444:
404:Bacillus subtilis
374:
373:
318:bacterial-type Fe
302:
301:
252:
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29:electron-transfer
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872:
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685:
664:sp. NCIMB 9784 (
612:
601:Candida albicans
495:
474:NADH:cytochrome
411:
379:CPR/P450 systems
333:
261:
114:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1419:
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1413:Cytochrome P450
1403:
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829:
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740:denitrification
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18:cytochrome P450
12:
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1306:Dihydroorotase
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1166:Photosynthesis
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1120:
1113:
1112:External links
1110:
1107:
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1062:
1023:
982:
963:(4): 796β801.
946:
939:
902:
883:(2): 139β147.
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1201:Dehydrogenase
1198:
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1079:J. Biol. Chem
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996:Front. Biosci
993:
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978:
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940:9780762301133
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766:
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759:
758:nitrous oxide
756:(NO) to form
755:
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83:Mitochondrial
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55:
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47:
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39:
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30:
25:
23:
19:
1312:
1082:
1078:
1065:
1040:
1037:Biochemistry
1036:
1032:
1026:
1009:10.2741/1356
999:
995:
985:
960:
956:
949:
922:
918:
905:
880:
876:
870:
836:
813:
799:
791:
754:nitric oxide
747:
734:
677:
669:
661:
659:
627:
604:
600:
596:
589:
585:
578:
576:
549:
511:
475:
469:
462:
455:
453:
403:
399:
382:
311:
310:system from
305:
255:
163:terpredoxin
81:
67:
59:
46:flavoprotein
44:-containing
26:
21:
15:
1179:Photosystem
678:Burkolderia
662:Rhodococcus
383:Eukaryotic
230:adrenodoxin
195:rhodocoxin
95:adrenodoxin
58:cytochrome
48:or domain,
862:References
385:microsomal
326:ferredoxin
54:ferredoxin
925:: 29β56.
481:reductase
40:domains:
1407:Category
1101:14514666
1057:16819841
1018:14977570
977:16042601
897:11356142
856:5.3.99.5
849:5.3.99.4
842:4.2.1.92
820:CYP152B1
806:CYP152A1
674:CYP116A1
666:CYP116B2
615:NAD(P)H
586:in vitro
52:domain,
1397:Biology
1154:Enzymes
772:NAD(P)H
744:CYP55A1
488:1.6.2.2
396:1.6.2.4
336:NAD(P)H
264:NAD(P)H
238:CYP11A1
201:CYP116
169:CYP108
137:CYP101
1383:Portal
1263:BCKDHB
1258:BCKDHA
1099:
1055:
1016:
975:
937:
895:
483:(CBR;
470:second
391:(CPR;
107:CYP101
34:domain
1348:HADHB
1343:HADHA
1284:Other
1075:(PDF)
915:(PDF)
812:from
798:from
778:P450
746:from
713:P450
638:P450
595:from
560:P450
522:P450
498:NADPH
432:P450
414:NADPH
361:P450
289:P450
215:NADPH
38:redox
1241:DLST
1236:OGDH
1097:PMID
1053:PMID
1014:PMID
973:PMID
935:ISBN
893:PMID
694:FMN
688:NADH
621:FAD
605:both
548:cyt
536:NADH
510:cyt
426:FMN
420:FAD
402:and
342:FAD
306:The
270:FAD
183:NADH
151:NADH
117:NADH
103:NADH
56:and
1291:CAD
1273:DLD
1268:DBT
1246:DLD
1087:doi
1083:278
1045:doi
1004:doi
965:doi
927:doi
885:doi
810:SPΞ±
795:BSΞ²
784:NO
542:CBR
504:CPR
490:):
50:FMN
42:FAD
1409::
1224:E3
1219:E2
1214:E1
1189:II
1156::
1095:.
1081:.
1077:.
1051:.
1041:45
1039:.
1012:.
998:.
994:.
971:.
961:33
959:.
933:.
923:14
917:.
891:.
881:29
879:.
853:EC
846:EC
839:EC
826:(H
775:β
760:(N
710:β
700:Fe
697:β
691:β
641:β
635:β
624:β
618:β
545:β
539:β
507:β
501:β
485:EC
429:β
423:β
417:β
393:EC
358:β
348:Fe
345:β
339:β
286:β
276:Fe
273:β
267:β
234:β
226:β
218:β
198:β
192:β
186:β
166:β
160:β
154:β
134:β
128:β
120:β
24:.
1385::
1184:I
1146:e
1139:t
1132:v
1103:.
1089::
1059:.
1047::
1020:.
1006::
1000:9
979:.
967::
943:.
929::
899:.
887::
832:2
830:O
828:2
818:(
804:(
781:β
762:2
721:2
719:O
716:β
706:2
704:S
702:2
672:(
646:2
644:O
631:5
628:b
593:5
590:b
582:5
579:b
568:2
566:O
563:β
557:β
553:5
550:b
530:2
528:O
525:β
519:β
515:5
512:b
479:5
476:b
466:5
463:b
459:5
456:b
440:2
438:O
435:β
369:2
367:O
364:β
354:4
352:S
350:3
324:4
322:S
320:3
297:2
295:O
292:β
282:2
280:S
278:2
247:2
245:O
242:β
209:2
207:O
204:β
177:2
175:O
172:β
145:2
143:O
140:β
91:2
89:S
87:2
71:5
68:b
63:5
60:b
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