255:
His experiences in the estates provided him first-hand information on the appalling conditions suffered by estate workers (then referred to as labourers) (Morais 1984, p. 2)." The fate of the Indian workers was even worse; brought in as indentured labourers to work in the rubber estates and public works, they were already marginalised prior to the war. They were being paid one cent an hour and worked for 12 hours a day, for 7 days a week. At the outbreak of the war, wages averaged at 60 cents for a 12-hour workday. After the war, employers were seeking to restore the status quo (Baradan 26 February 1995, p.13).
457:
an end
Malaysia’s high-flying involvement in international trade unionism, a feat not emulated by other Malaysian trade unionists in recent years. It will be quite a while before any other local unionist—if at all—makes it as big as P.P. internationally….More than anything and anyone else, P.P.'s single biggest contribution was organising the rubber estate workers under an organisation where their salaries and terms and conditions of service were gradually and steadily improved. More important than that, getting organised brought with it legal protection from abuse and exploitation."
343:, The Communist Party in Malaya issued a secret instruction that the party should take control of progressive mass institutions like trade unions, youth and women’s organisations and place them under the direct leadership of the party. Efforts were to be intensified through Communist-controlled trade unions to create labour unrest. Then labour unions could be strengthened as they could be the communists’ strongest weapon (Comber 2015, p. 163). Narayanan proved to be a major stumbling block to their aspirations.
267:
immediate post-war period. Being a staunch anti-communist, Narayanan steered his Union and, later, the nascent trade union movement in the country, away from communism to one based on democratic principles without affiliation to political parties or party politics. Individual members were free to support the political party of their choice, but the movement had to be seen as apolitical with the freedom to align with parties or politicians sympathetic to the cause of labour (Comber 2015, p. 163).
371:, the Chinese leader (Comber 2015, p. 9). A British civil servant in Malaya had noted that “ehind his penetrating gaze there was a tough, even a harsh quality, an intimidating character, whose mordant tongue and vivid language would unquestionably make him some enemies in Malaya (Comber 2015, p.13).” A local historian was more direct in his assessment: “Templer was a feared man, who became notorious for his violent temper and intemperate language (Cheah 2009, p.137).”
282:(ICFTU) in 1949 (Zaidi 1975, p. 41). Aged 26, Narayanan was possibly the youngest participant and was unknown in the international gathering of the leading lights of trade unions from around the world. A documentary of the event identified Narayanan as “a young Asiatic friend”. In a strange twist of destiny, this young Asiatic would eventually helm the world body some 25 years later.
34:
242:(INA). Narayanan donated a gold ring he had purchased with his meagre savings as a daily-rated worker, and enlisted with the INA soon after (Netaji Centre 1992, p. 67). He was among the first batch of recruits from Selangor to be sent to Singapore for officer training (Comber 2015, p. 183). On being commissioned in 1945, he served as a quartermaster in a camp in
414:, himself). He set aside one-half of the prize money to establish a Workers' Education Fund and contributed a ringgit a day to the scholarship fund for the rest of his life, reflecting his belief that the children of plantation workers should move out of plantations to secure better-paying jobs offering a clear career path for advancement.
460:
Another report summarised his life thus: “At 23, he founded his first trade union. At 25, he became the youngest member of the
Federal Legislative Council, and at 27, he was elected the first President of the MTUC. Before he was 42 (Edit: He was 52, as noted in citation), P.P. Narayanan..had reached
262:
Six months after the formation of the union, he resigned as estate clerk and devoted his time fully to nurturing the union. He was allotted a salary of 125 Straits dollars but it never came regularly. The first bicycle he purchased was repossessed when he could not make the third instalment payment.
258:
The young
Narayanan felt moved to help the workers by forming a union with ten others. Barely 23 years of age, he was elected to serve as the Secretary of the Negeri Sembilan Plantation Workers Union. He rose and “dominated the Malayan trade union movement for several decades, was a towering figure
456:
Narayanan resigned as secretary general of the NUPW and gave up almost all his other numerous positions in 1992 on account of poor health and passed away four years later, on
February 19, 1996, just a week after he turned 73. One of the articles published about him said, “His demise also brought to
393:
Just prior to
Narayanan’s departure for London as part of a four-man delegation that represented the Federal Legislature at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in London, Templer reminded Narayanan that the trip provides a rare opportunity to meet the heads of the Malayan rubber and tin industries
362:
Templer also needed the support of the
Indians, who were largely in estates which were being targeted by the guerrillas who wanted to destroy the economy of colonial Malaya. The communists were also intimidating the estate workforce in attempts to regain control of the labour movement that they had
464:
An award was instituted in his name by his family at
Universiti Sains Malaysia, not only to perpetuate his memory at the institution but also to reflect the value he placed on education. The award, a Gold Medal for the Best Student in the Bachelor of Economics programme, was bestowed for the first
254:
The post-war period (after 1945) was characterized by widespread unemployment, food shortages, long-hours of work and low rates of pay. Narayanan managed to find employment as an apprentice clerk in a rubber estate in
Selangor. He later moved to become a clerk in another estate in Negeri Sembilan.
374:
Narayanan, who had tremendous influence in the estates, was a nationalist but opposed to militant communism. Templar saw in him an important ally to fight the communist threat. He, therefore, enlisted "the cooperation of P.P. Narayanan, a
Federal Legislative Council Member, a powerful trade union
237:
visited Malaya, attracting “vast crowds, not solely comprised of
Indians, flocked to attend what were perhaps the largest political gatherings hitherto held in the country (Harper 1999, p.45).” Narayanan traveled to Kuala Lumpur to hear Netaji and was completely inspired by his speech canvassing
447:
In 1988, the Tata Workers' Union in India invited PP to deliver the 4th Michael John Memorial Lecture and receive the Gold Medal. Other distinguished personalities who received the award after him include APJ Abdul Kalam, the President of India (2002), R. Venkataraman, former President of India
354:, only took up his post after a gap of about four months in February 1952, during which time the guerrilla activities had intensified. He was a decorated military officer and was amply qualified to handle the military aspects of the problem. Moreover, Gurney had already started implementing the
358:
to cut supplies and support the guerrillas were receiving from the unassimilated Chinese population scattered along the fringes of jungles. The Plan involved the resettling of nearly half a million Chinese into “New Villages” that were ringed with barbed wire and patrolled regularly by police.
378:
Narayanan had no difficulty working with Templer; The former had cut his teeth on driving hard bargains with arrogant and abrasive European planters and estate managers, long before he met Templer. Comber, in his book on Templer, wondered aloud if Templar’s views of Narayanan might have been
266:
Narayanan faced strong competition from the communists who had spearheaded the anti-Japanese campaign (with British help) and had re-emerged as post-war heroes. They were pushing hard to form trade unions themselves, taking advantage of workers facing hardships due to the dislocations in the
229:
a day. Here he had his first direct contact with manual laborers and saw how they were eking out a meagre existence with little chance to improve their lot. To remind him of those days of hardship, Narayanan carried with him a small payslip from the mine until his passing (Williams 2007,
300:
In 1973, Narayanan was elected as chair of the ICFTU's Economic and Social Committee. He was also involved in its Asian Regional Organisation (ARO) from its early years, becoming president of ARO in 1960, serving a five-year term, then holding the post again from 1969 to 1976.
397:
Not until recently has the role of the anti-communist trade union movement in the fight for Malayan nationhood been acknowledged. Writing in 2015, Comber noted that the “Trade union movement was one of the strongest forces working for a Malayan nation (Comber 2015, p.164).”
1270:
311:
Then in 1975 he won election as president of the ICFTU. and held the post for four consecutive terms until his retirement in 1992, the first person to hold the role from outside Europe and North America. He served until his retirement in 1992.
432:
In his own country, Narayanan declined several awards given by the government fearing that it might compromise the neutrality of the trade union movement. He, however, received with gratitude the Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from
390:(in Johor) to help build the morale of the people there. Several days later, Templer called him to say he had just returned from Bahau. He then added, “Well, you see, I do listen to people like you (Morais 1975, pp. 61-62).”
363:
lost when many union leaders aligned to them went underground at the onset of the Emergency (Comber 2015, p. 3). But his personality did not allow for easy friendships. Templer was suspicious of the
209:
in 1940 and enrolled in the Technical College in Kuala Lumpur, intending to become an electrical engineer. However, he had to discontinue the course due to lack of funds (Morais 1984, p. 53) and the
1557:
305:
382:
These speculations notwithstanding, surprisingly, Narayanan’s views were taken seriously. On one occasion, he had suggested that Templar visit some of the worst areas affected by the insurgency like
1955:
440:
In 1951, he became the first recipient of Gold Medal of the Malayan Trade Union Congress for his services and leadership. In 1986, MTUC honoured Narayanan again by conferring the title,
263:
And, when once the Union’s phone bill could not be settled, Narayanan reluctantly pawned his wedding ring, hoping to redeem it someday. That day never came (Morais 1975, p. 37).
1886:
843:"The International Confederation Of Free Trade Unions (1949) - Founding conference. The young Narayanan can be briefly seen at 5.46 and for much longer between 14.59-15.16"
1658:
1505:
279:
271:
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in the UK, and volunteered to get the Colonial Office in London to arrange meetings with them. And Narayanan indeed did meet them (Morais 1975, pp. 61–62).
1935:
278:), was formed. It was at this meeting that the proposal to form an international umbrella body of free trade unions was passed. From this proposal was born the
1061:
375:
leader, and the first President of the Malayan Trades Union Congress and General Secretary of the National Union of Plantation Workers (Comber 2015, p.162).”
1871:
444:(Father of Malaysian Workers) and making him Honorary Life President in recognition of his lifetime of service to the trade union movement in the country.
324:
of the period show that he not only fought fiercely to protect the rights of the workers but did so with much humour and humanity (Morais 1975, Chap.9).
1831:
1497:
671:
379:
different had he known that Narayanan had fought against the British colonial forces in Malaya as part of the INA (Comber 2015, Chapter 7).
1881:
1598:
Relationships at the place of work : their effective regulation and the impact on them of external relationships and national policies
328:
290:
937:
Pasture, Patrick (2002). Carew, Anthony; Dreyfus, Michel; Van Goethem, Geert; Gumbrell-McCormick, Rebecca; van der Linden, Marcel (eds.).
1876:
1104:
274:(ICFTU) in 1949. He was one of three persons who represented the movement even before the national body, Malayan Trade Union Congress (
1950:
1908:
1477:
1449:
896:
605:
570:
293:. This union proved highly successful, becoming one of the strongest in the region, and in 1950 he was elected as president of the
221:
Forced to work, instead of study, he found employment in 1942 as a daily-rated winchman in a tin mine (The Rawang Tin Fields) in
1649:
1531:
1425:
1401:
1318:
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time on Benedict Weerasena, who graduated with a first- class honours in the 2015/16 academic session (USM 2016, p. 138).
275:
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for Public Service in 1962 and was the second recipient from Malaysia (the first being Malaysia's first Prime Minister,
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211:
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1914:
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the pinnacle of his career as president of a world labour centre with 90 million members in 120 countries.”
437:, in 1974, viewing the award as a consolation for his interrupted academic pursuit (USM 2016, p. 144.
1079:
861:
195:
1744:
702:. No. He was 52, not 42 when he headed the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU).
350:, the serving British High Commissioner in Malaya was assassinated by guerrilla agents. His replacement,
407:
724:
1945:
1940:
1336:
United States; Embassy (Malaysia); United States; Bureau of International Labor Affairs. "Malaysia".
417:
He was honoured posthumously when a major road in Petaling Jaya, in the state of Selangor, was named
239:
828:
Malaysian Trades Union Congress 1949 - 1974. A Publication of MTUC to Commemorate its Silver Jubilee
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1111:
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183:. His parents were Palayil Janaki Amma and Chettur Narayanan Nair, who was the nephew of (Sir)
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55:
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Narayanan was sworn in as a member of the Federal Legislative Council in February 1948. The
222:
184:
160:
1778:
1754:
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P.P. Narayanan - the Asian trade union leader. Forew. by Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra A1-haj
1807:
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786:
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421:(a.k.a. Persiaran P.P. Narayanan) Coincidentally, the road is a logical extension of
246:, before being appointed the Station Staff Officer (Netaji Centre 1992, p. 67).
134:
59:
1376:
PP: Shining light in the trade union movement, New Straits Times, February 20, 1996.
1011:"Dockers' Overtime Ban May Cause... SERIOUS DISRUPTION IN U.K.'s SHIPPING PROGRAMME"
429:) where the headquarters of the NUPW had been situated during Narayanan’s lifetime.
1825:
347:
286:
215:
532:
259:
in the trade union movement in Malaya and internationally (Comber 2015, p.164)”.
1843:
1819:
1685:
1515:
515:
355:
1360:"Tata Workers' Union Ready to Organise the 24th. Michael John Memorial Lecture"
762:
1801:
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1703:
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1459:
1160:
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955:
938:
912:
842:
800:
138:
1010:
964:
770:
681:
615:
600:. Netaji Centre (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). Kuala Lumpur: Netaji Centre. 1992.
580:
565:(1st paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 45.
1813:
1715:
1679:
1345:
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1035:
448:(1993), and S. K. Jain, Former Deputy. Director-General, of the ILO (1989).
387:
33:
1617:
1607:
1602:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1622:
520:. Unik Printguide – via Malaysian Academic Library Union Catalogue.
243:
1612:
1597:
972:
664:
Templer and the road to Malayan independence : the man and his time
778:
321:
306:
International Federation of Plantation, Agricultural and Allied Workers
146:
176:
751:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
383:
171:
Narayanan was born on 15 February 1923, in Tholanur, present day
546:
Williams, Regina (2 August 2007). "Narayanan's Labour of Love".
359:
Templer’s immediate task was to continue implementing the Plan.
1631:
1623:
Social and economic contribution of rural unions to development
1558:
International Federation of Plantation and Agricultural Workers
698:
Baradan, K. (26 February 1995). "Narayanan's Love of Labour".
1577:
Further reading: papers, talks, books and other publications
331:
at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in London in 1953.
270:
Narayanan was a delegate to the founding conference of the
598:
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose : a Malaysian perspective
367:, who led the Malays and had an uneasy relationship with
205:
to further his education, where he completed the Malayan
1305:
Universiti Sains Malaysia (Science University Malaysia)
1298:"Upacara Konvokesyen ke-54 (54th Convocation Ceremony)"
1246:
308:(IFPAAW) (1957-1987) and President between 1988-1992.
889:
The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
863:
The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
749:
Parmer, J. Norman (1957). "Trade Unions in Malaya".
1895:
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1665:
666:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
114:
106:
98:
90:
82:
66:
40:
21:
1588:National Union of Plantation Workers : A Talk
159:(15 February 1923 – 19 February 1996) was a
1956:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
1659:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
1506:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
1165:Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1931 - 1954)
280:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
272:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
1618:Wages -- Malaysia -- Rubber industry and trade.
1583:Wages -- Malaysia -- Rubber industry and trade.
1105:"The Communist Insurgency in Malaysia, 1948-90"
1080:"Massacre in Malaya: Exposing Britain's My Lai"
1036:"Guerrillas Murder High Commissioner In Malaya"
987:"NewspaperSG - Singapore Standard, 27 May 1953"
327:He was one of four people who represented the
1643:
1211:"1953: Queen Elizabeth takes coronation oath"
8:
1325:. U.S. Department of Labor. 1988. p. 7.
939:"A Century of International Trade Unionism"
729:Universiti Sains Malaysia Library Catalogue
1650:
1636:
1628:
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563:The end of empire and the making of Malaya
32:
18:
1613:A policy statement on our immediate tasks
1319:"Foreign Labor Trends: Malaysia, 1986-87"
954:
725:"Narayanan: The Asian Trade Union Leader"
289:, Narayanan was a leading founder of the
1140:Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954)
882:
880:
878:
335:Towards independence and nation-building
110:Vinodini, Suresh, Sivadas, Prem, Sujatha
1909:Bureau of Workers Activities of the ILO
1608:Role of trade unions in South East Asia
1060:Mitchell, David Fontaine (April 2012).
1040:Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)
917:Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)
561:Harper, T. N. (Timothy Norman) (1999).
517:P.P. Narayanan - A World Trade Unionist
474:
943:International Review of Social History
805:Newcastle Sun (NSW : 1918 - 1954)
621:
1292:
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190:P. P. Narayanan got his family name,
137:, the person is referred to by their
7:
1936:Malaysian people of Malayali descent
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291:National Union of Plantation Workers
16:Malaysian trade unionist (1923-1996)
913:"Third-World man to top union post"
891:. Oxford: Peter Lang. p. 559.
801:"Malayan Unionists Condemn Red Ban"
238:moral and material support for the
1136:"Support Assured for Gen. Templer"
14:
1478:ICFTU Asian Regional Organisation
1450:ICFTU Asian Regional Organisation
1015:Mercury (Hobart, Tas.: 1860–1954)
157:Palayil Pathazhapurayil Narayanan
77:Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
1903:International Trade Secretariats
1603:Trade unions role in development
1532:Malaysian Trades Union Congress
1426:Malaysian Trades Union Congress
1402:Malaysian Trades Union Congress
121:Chettur Narayanan Nair (father)
295:Malaysian Trade Union Congress
1:
731:. NUPW Sports and Social Club
533:"Japanese Invasion of Malaya"
304:He was Vice President of the
167:Early childhood and education
207:Senior Cambridge Examination
124:Palayil Janaki Amma (mother)
329:Malayan Legislative Council
225:, collecting a wage of one
212:Japanese invasion of Malaya
1972:
1674:Jacobus Hendrik Oldenbroek
1103:Cheah, Boon Kheng (2009).
763:10.1177/000271625731000115
179:, India, then part of the
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1951:Malaysian trade unionists
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1271:"Persiaran P.P Narayanan"
1197:British Newspaper Archive
956:10.1017/S0020859002000585
435:Universiti Sains Malaysia
386:(in Negeri Sembilan) and
339:In 1948, just before the
244:Seremban, Negeri Sembilan
31:
1161:"TEMPLER TO GET SUPPORT"
214:in December 1941 during
1915:Socialist International
1275:Persiaran P.P Narayanan
1233:"Ramon Magsaysay award"
1167:. 1952-01-18. p. 4
1142:. 1952-01-18. p. 1
1042:. 1951-10-08. p. 1
1017:. 1950-03-29. p. 9
919:. 1975-10-27. p. 4
887:Carew, Anthony (2000).
860:Carew, Anthony (2000),
807:. 1950-03-28. p. 4
192:Palayil Pathazhapurayil
151:Palayil Pathazhapurayil
1865:Regional organisations
825:Zaidi, S.J.H. (1975).
628:: CS1 maint: others (
402:Awards and recognition
196:matrilineal succession
991:eresources.nlb.gov.sg
662:Comber, Leon (2015).
442:Bapa Pekerja Malaysia
408:Ramon Magsaysay Award
346:In October 1951, Sir
185:Chettur Sankaran Nair
1896:Allied organisations
1386:Trade union offices
1247:"Jalan PP Narayanan"
1078:Hale, Chris (2013).
452:Final days and death
419:Jalan P.P. Narayanan
240:Indian National Army
1727:general secretaries
1666:General secretaries
721:Morais, John Victor
512:Morais, John Victor
235:Subhas Chandra Bose
145:, and not by their
1872:APRO: Asia Pacific
1188:. 19 November 1952
412:Tunku Abdul Rahman
352:Sir Gerald Templer
1923:
1922:
1749:Herbert A. Tulatz
1574:
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1565:Succeeded by
1556:President of the
1539:Succeeded by
1530:President of the
1513:Succeeded by
1504:President of the
1485:Succeeded by
1476:President of the
1457:Succeeded by
1448:President of the
1443:Jose J. Hernandez
1433:Succeeded by
1424:President of the
1409:Succeeded by
1400:President of the
1186:"CORONATION VIEW"
849:. British Pathe'.
673:978-981-4620-11-6
483:"Dr PP Narayanan"
181:Madras Presidency
173:Palakkad District
131:
130:
91:Years active
70:February 19, 1996
56:Madras Presidency
1963:
1850:Fackson Shamenda
1832:Donald MacDonald
1767:John Vanderveken
1745:Stefan Nędzyński
1741:Alfred Braunthal
1698:John Vanderveken
1652:
1645:
1638:
1629:
1562:1988–1992
1547:Preceded by
1536:1973–1985
1523:Preceded by
1510:1972–1992
1498:Donald MacDonald
1495:Preceded by
1482:1969–1976
1467:Preceded by
1454:1960–1965
1441:Preceded by
1430:1955–1956
1417:Preceded by
1406:1950–1952
1391:Preceded by
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1307:. 30 April 2016.
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531:Chen, C. Peter.
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406:He received the
297:, aged only 27.
223:Rawang, Selangor
163:trade unionist.
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44:15 February 1923
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19:
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1838:P. P. Narayanan
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1779:Eddy Laurijssen
1755:Morris Paladino
1735:Hans Gottfurcht
1726:
1720:
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1396:
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1300:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1269:
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1256:
1254:
1251:Knowledge (XXG)
1245:
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1230:
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1225:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1191:
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1120:
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1064:
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1054:
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1018:
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993:
985:
984:
980:
936:
935:
931:
922:
920:
911:
910:
906:
899:
886:
885:
876:
868:
866:
859:
858:
854:
841:
840:
836:
831:. Selbstverlag.
824:
823:
819:
810:
808:
799:
798:
794:
748:
747:
743:
734:
732:
719:
718:
707:
697:
696:
689:
674:
661:
660:
637:
620:
608:
596:
595:
588:
573:
560:
559:
555:
545:
544:
540:
530:
529:
525:
510:
509:
500:
491:
489:
481:
480:
476:
471:
454:
404:
337:
318:
252:
169:
154:
127:
102:M.K. Dakshayani
78:
75:
71:
62:
52:
47:
45:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1887:ORIT: Americas
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1808:Vincent Tewson
1804:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1761:Heribert Maier
1757:
1751:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
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1676:
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1657:
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1615:
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1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1553:
1550:Börje Svensson
1548:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1527:
1525:Yeoh Teck Chye
1524:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1473:
1468:
1464:
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1434:
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1421:
1418:
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1407:
1397:
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1388:
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1379:
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1369:
1351:
1328:
1310:
1286:
1262:
1238:
1223:
1202:
1177:
1152:
1127:
1095:
1070:
1062:"Intelligence"
1052:
1027:
1002:
978:
949:(2): 277–289.
929:
904:
897:
874:
852:
834:
817:
792:
741:
705:
687:
672:
635:
606:
586:
571:
553:
538:
523:
498:
473:
472:
470:
467:
453:
450:
427:Gerald Templer
403:
400:
369:Tan Cheng Lock
336:
333:
317:
314:
285:At the end of
251:
250:Trade unionism
248:
227:Straits dollar
168:
165:
129:
128:
126:
125:
122:
118:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
76:
74:(aged 73)
68:
64:
63:
53:
42:
38:
37:
29:
28:
26:P.P. Narayanan
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1968:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
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1901:
1900:
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1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1856:Sharan Burrow
1853:
1851:
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1835:
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1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1545:
1541:Zainal Rampak
1534:
1533:
1521:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1470:Minoru Takita
1465:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1439:
1435:Tan Chong Bee
1428:
1427:
1415:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1373:
1370:
1366:. 2 May 2018.
1365:
1361:
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1266:
1263:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1117:on 2019-12-20
1113:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
992:
988:
982:
979:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
952:
948:
944:
940:
933:
930:
918:
914:
908:
905:
900:
898:9783906764832
894:
890:
883:
881:
879:
875:
865:
864:
856:
853:
848:
844:
838:
835:
830:
829:
821:
818:
806:
802:
796:
793:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
745:
742:
730:
726:
722:
716:
714:
712:
710:
706:
701:
694:
692:
688:
683:
679:
675:
669:
665:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
636:
631:
625:
617:
613:
609:
607:983-808-019-5
603:
599:
593:
591:
587:
582:
578:
574:
572:0-521-00465-9
568:
564:
557:
554:
550:. p. 12.
549:
542:
539:
534:
527:
524:
519:
518:
513:
507:
505:
503:
499:
488:
484:
478:
475:
468:
466:
462:
458:
451:
449:
445:
443:
438:
436:
430:
428:
425:(named after
424:
423:Jalan Templer
420:
415:
413:
409:
401:
399:
395:
391:
389:
385:
380:
376:
372:
370:
366:
360:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
334:
332:
330:
325:
323:
315:
313:
309:
307:
302:
298:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
249:
247:
245:
241:
236:
233:In mid-1943,
231:
230:p. 12).
228:
224:
219:
217:
213:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
166:
164:
162:
158:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:Malayali name
123:
120:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
69:
65:
61:
60:British India
57:
43:
39:
35:
30:
20:
1911:(ILO-ACTRAV)
1877:AFRO: Africa
1837:
1826:Bruno Storti
1692:Otto Kersten
1567:
1555:
1529:
1503:
1475:
1447:
1423:
1399:
1394:New position
1393:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1337:
1331:
1323:Google Books
1322:
1313:
1304:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:
1265:
1255:, retrieved
1253:, 2018-03-21
1250:
1241:
1226:
1215:. Retrieved
1213:. 1953-06-02
1205:
1195:– via
1190:. Retrieved
1180:
1169:. Retrieved
1164:
1155:
1144:. Retrieved
1139:
1130:
1119:. Retrieved
1112:the original
1098:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
1073:
1055:
1044:. Retrieved
1039:
1030:
1019:. Retrieved
1014:
1005:
994:. Retrieved
990:
981:
946:
942:
932:
921:. Retrieved
916:
907:
888:
867:, retrieved
862:
855:
846:
837:
827:
820:
809:. Retrieved
804:
795:
754:
750:
744:
733:. Retrieved
728:
699:
663:
597:
562:
556:
547:
541:
526:
516:
490:. Retrieved
487:Star Cherish
486:
477:
463:
459:
455:
446:
441:
439:
431:
416:
405:
396:
392:
381:
377:
373:
361:
348:Henry Gurney
345:
338:
326:
319:
310:
303:
299:
287:World War II
284:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
232:
220:
216:World War II
201:He moved to
200:
191:
189:
170:
156:
155:
150:
142:
72:(1996-02-19)
1946:1996 deaths
1941:1923 births
1882:ERO: Europe
1844:Roy Trotman
1820:Arne Geijer
1710:Bill Jordan
1686:Harm Buiter
1568:Post vacant
1516:Roy Trotman
1419:Mohd Yusoff
757:: 142–150.
700:Sunday Star
356:Briggs Plan
94:1943 - 1994
83:Citizenship
1930:Categories
1802:Paul Finet
1794:Presidents
1773:Enzo Friso
1725:Assistant
1704:Enzo Friso
1488:Devan Nair
1460:Haruo Wada
1280:2020-05-14
1257:2020-05-13
1217:2020-05-14
1192:2020-05-14
1171:2020-05-14
1146:2020-05-14
1121:2020-05-16
1089:2020-05-14
1046:2020-05-14
1021:2020-05-14
996:2020-05-12
923:2020-05-14
869:2020-05-12
811:2020-05-14
735:2020-05-12
492:2020-05-14
469:References
316:Legislator
194:, through
139:given name
54:Tholanur,
48:1923-02-15
1814:Omer Becu
1785:ZĂ© OlĂvio
1716:Guy Ryder
1680:Omer Becu
1411:C. H. Yin
965:0020-8590
787:154919165
771:0002-7162
682:913610675
624:cite book
616:224852849
581:962881954
388:Yong Peng
341:Emergency
161:Malaysian
143:Narayanan
1364:Web Wire
1346:17783658
1338:Malaysia
1084:WorldCat
973:44582700
723:(1975).
514:(1984).
322:Hansards
133:In this
107:Children
86:Malaysia
847:YouTube
779:1030656
548:The Sun
147:surname
115:Parents
46: (
1905:(ITSs)
1854:2004:
1848:2000:
1842:1992:
1836:1975:
1830:1972:
1824:1965:
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1806:1951:
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963:
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670:
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604:
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203:Malaya
177:Kerala
99:Spouse
1301:(PDF)
1115:(PDF)
1108:(PDF)
1065:(PDF)
969:JSTOR
783:S2CID
775:JSTOR
384:Bahau
365:Tunku
1747:and
1342:OCLC
961:ISSN
893:ISBN
767:ISSN
678:OCLC
668:ISBN
630:link
612:OCLC
602:ISBN
577:OCLC
567:ISBN
276:MTUC
67:Died
41:Born
951:doi
759:doi
755:310
198:.
187:.
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