67:
17:
2752:
108:. The C-terminal domain (CTD) has 4 α-helices and an 11-residue unstructured region. The N-terminal domain (NTD) facilitates contacts within the hexamer, while the C-terminal domain (CTD) forms dimers that bind to adjacent hexamers. Each hexamer contains a size-selective pore surrounded by six positively charged
177:
Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant drug designed to prevent organ transplant rejection, has been shown to inhibit infection in HIV-1 positive people. Cyclosporine acts as a competitive inhibitor to the capsid protein’s association with CypA, a cellular protein. CypA has been shown to be important for
201:
and GS-6207, interfere with the activities of the HIV capsid protein and underwent evaluation in phase-1 clinical trials as monotherapies. They demonstrated anti-viral activity against all subtypes with no cross-resistance with current antiretroviral drugs. These findings support therapies aimed at
227:
P24 is a target for the immune system, and antibodies against p24 are used in diagnostic tests to detect the presence of HIV antibodies. Fourth-generation HIV immunoassays detect viral p24 protein in the blood and patient antibodies against the virus. Previous generation tests relied on detecting
112:
residues, and the pore is covered by a β-hairpin that can undergo conformational changes, which has both open and closed conformations. At the center of the hexamers lies an IP6 molecule which stabilizes the tertiary structure of the molecule. Additionally, the C-terminal domain includes a major
155:. It achieves this by shielding the viral genome from detection by restriction factors, while still allowing the necessary molecules to diffuse through the core, facilitating the process of reverse transcription.
228:
patient antibodies alone; it takes about 3–4 weeks for the earliest antibodies to be detected. The p24 protein can be detected in a patient's blood as early as 2 weeks after infection, further reducing the
668:
Gamble TR, Yoo S, Vajdos FF, von
Schwedler UK, Worthylake DK, Wang H, et al. (October 1997). "Structure of the carboxyl-terminal dimerization domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein".
66:
151:: The capsid ensures the secure transport of the viral genome and reverse-transcription machinery from the cytoplasm's periphery to transcriptionally active sites in the
1335:
1330:
197:) that are currently targeted by small-molecule antiretroviral drugs, p24 capsid proteins operate through protein-protein interactions. Capsid inhibitors, such as
145:
Fusion: HIV replication cycle begins when HIV fuses with the surface of the host cell. The capsid containing the virus’s genome and proteins then enters the cells.
1387:
52:, however, more modern tests have taken their place. After approximately 50 days of infection, the p24 antigen is often cleared from the bloodstream entirely.
261:"Nucleocapsid zinc fingers detected in retroviruses: EXAFS studies of intact viruses and the solution-state structure of the nucleocapsid protein from HIV-1"
20:
The HIV capsid consists of roughly 2000 copies of the p24 protein. The p24 structure is shown in two representations: cartoon (top) and isosurface (bottom)
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1862:
1857:
1021:
2237:
1895:
1890:
1366:
1361:
1356:
117:
153 to 172 with 20 highly conserved amino acids. Moreover, the N-terminal domain features a loop (amino acids 85–93) that interacts with the protein
1080:
525:
Gitti RK, Lee BM, Walker J, Summers MF, Yoo S, Sundquist WI (July 1996). "Structure of the amino-terminal core domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein".
576:
Momany C, Kovari LC, Prongay AJ, Keller W, Gitti RK, Lee BM, et al. (September 1996). "Crystal structure of dimeric HIV-1 capsid protein".
2793:
2618:
2381:
1037:
36:, and it is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of the virus and facilitating various stages of the viral life cycle, including
161:
Budding: P24 contributes to the viral budding process, ensuring the proper packaging and release of mature and infectious virus particles.
713:"Immature HIV-1 assembles from Gag dimers leaving partial hexamers at lattice edges as potential substrates for proteolytic maturation"
2812:
1193:
824:
Sokolskaja, Elena; Olivari, Silvia; Zufferey, Madeleine; Strambio-De-Castillia, Caterina; Pizzato, Massimo; Luban, Jeremy (May 2010).
621:"Structure of the HIV-1 full-length capsid protein in a conformationally trapped unassembled state induced by small-molecule binding"
2351:
2285:
1512:
994:
1979:
1647:
32:
protein with each virus containing approximately 1,500 to 3,000 p24 molecules. It is the major structural protein within the
2498:
158:
Assembly: It is involved in the assembly of new virus particles, facilitating the proper organization of viral components.
89:
372:"In Silico Design and Immunologic Evaluation of HIV-1 p24-Nef Fusion Protein to Approach a Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate"
1972:
1967:
1073:
2600:
2535:
2207:
2183:
1990:
1875:
1781:
1707:
1632:
1527:
1411:
1346:
1266:
1232:
1183:
61:
2786:
1276:
1203:
1168:
2158:
1962:
1163:
2657:
2545:
2471:
2409:
2361:
2313:
2265:
2217:
2096:
1945:
1840:
1601:
1507:
1487:
1470:
1320:
1208:
1143:
1029:
1066:
1310:
2822:
2720:
2556:
2441:
1281:
2779:
2690:
2581:
2461:
2333:
2193:
1045:
PA/ MidAtlantic AIDS Education and
Training Center at the Health Federation of Philadelphia Last Revised
190:
148:
85:
49:
2492:
2430:
2117:
1561:
1552:
1474:
1421:
1242:
1133:
897:
724:
677:
534:
481:
321:
2163:
1557:
1547:
1466:
1048:
2685:
975:
601:
558:
70:
Structure-of-HIV-1-capsid-A-The-structure-of-the-CA-monomer-showing-the-N and C-terminal domain
2817:
2137:
1885:
1824:
1589:
967:
923:
863:
845:
806:
752:
693:
650:
593:
550:
507:
450:
401:
349:
290:
2763:
2399:
2005:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1696:
957:
913:
905:
853:
837:
796:
786:
742:
732:
685:
640:
632:
585:
542:
497:
489:
440:
432:
391:
383:
339:
329:
280:
272:
129:
P24 is a structural protein that plays a crucial role in the formation and stability of the
470:"Mature HIV-1 capsid structure by cryo-electron microscopy and all-atom molecular dynamics"
212:
P24 can induce cellular immune responses and has been included in some vaccine strategies.
2629:
2086:
2076:
1829:
259:
Summers MF, Henderson LE, Chance MR, Bess JW, South TL, Blake PR, et al. (May 1992).
1002:
901:
728:
681:
538:
485:
325:
100:
connected by flexible inter-domain linkers. The N-terminal domain (NTD) is made up of 7
2703:
2586:
2131:
1956:
1851:
1457:
1377:
918:
885:
858:
825:
801:
774:
747:
712:
645:
620:
502:
469:
445:
420:
396:
371:
344:
309:
285:
260:
387:
370:
Larijani MS, Sadat SM, Bolhassani A, Pouriayevali MH, Bahramali G, Ramezani A (2019).
2806:
2652:
2303:
1764:
1401:
1118:
1093:
1089:
979:
229:
118:
605:
2372:
2324:
2276:
2228:
2149:
1934:
1770:
1447:
1256:
1123:
1097:
562:
152:
130:
105:
1058:
962:
945:
884:
Link JO, Rhee MS, Tse WC, Zheng J, Somoza JR, Rowe W, et al. (August 2020).
689:
546:
468:
Zhao G, Perilla JR, Yufenyuy EL, Meng X, Chen B, Ning J, et al. (May 2013).
436:
2712:
2255:
1575:
1538:
240:
198:
101:
37:
826:"Cyclosporine Blocks Incorporation of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein into Virions"
717:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2594:
2526:
2123:
1929:
1760:
1756:
909:
636:
114:
97:
93:
79:
41:
849:
2640:
2635:
2576:
2570:
1814:
1691:
1681:
1669:
1442:
1106:
1038:"Frequently Asked Questions: Fourth Generation HIV Ab/Ag Combination Assays"
886:"Clinical targeting of HIV capsid protein with a long-acting small molecule"
737:
619:
Du S, Betts L, Yang R, Shi H, Concel J, Ahn J, et al. (February 2011).
194:
16:
971:
927:
867:
810:
756:
654:
511:
454:
405:
353:
276:
697:
597:
554:
421:"Selecting an HIV Test: A Narrative Review for Clinicians and Researchers"
294:
1222:
841:
334:
186:
109:
791:
589:
493:
185:, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Unlike the viral enzymes (
2759:
45:
2751:
2482:
2420:
2168:
2107:
2000:
1498:
1154:
33:
48:
can be used to identify the presence of HIV in a person's blood and
419:
Hurt CB, Nelson JA, Hightow-Weidman LB, Miller WC (December 2017).
310:"Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein"
44:
and the release of new virus particles. Detection of p24 protein's
2053:
2043:
2038:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
1620:
1615:
1610:
65:
15:
1028:. École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Archived from
2605:
2436:
2048:
2033:
1462:
1198:
181:
The HIV-1 p24 capsid protein plays crucial roles throughout the
1062:
2666:
2662:
2645:
1791:
1642:
232:
necessary to accurately detect the HIV status of the patient.
182:
138:
134:
75:
29:
944:
Dvory-Sobol H, Shaik N, Callebaut C, Rhee MS (January 2022).
711:
Tan A, Pak AJ, Morado DR, Voth GA, Briggs JA (January 2021).
308:
Rossi E, Meuser ME, Cunanan CJ, Cocklin S (January 2021).
2767:
946:"Lenacapavir: a first-in-class HIV-1 capsid inhibitor"
92:. The p24 capsid protein consists of two domains: the
202:
disrupting the functions of the HIV capsid protein.
84:
gene. The structure of HIV capsid was determined by
2711:
2702:
2679:
2616:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2481:
2469:
2460:
2419:
2407:
2398:
2371:
2359:
2350:
2323:
2311:
2302:
2275:
2263:
2254:
2227:
2215:
2206:
2181:
2148:
2106:
2094:
2085:
2070:
1988:
1943:
1928:
1873:
1838:
1823:
1808:
1779:
1755:
1705:
1690:
1677:
1668:
1630:
1599:
1588:
1537:
1525:
1497:
1485:
1456:
1438:
1409:
1400:
1375:
1344:
1318:
1309:
1298:
1264:
1255:
1230:
1221:
1181:
1153:
1141:
1132:
1114:
1105:
775:"The secrets of the stability of the HIV-1 capsid"
1026:Trono Lab – Laboratory of Virology and Genetics
2787:
1074:
1005:on 2001-06-25 – via hivinsite.ucsf.edu.
8:
2794:
2780:
2708:
2699:
2540:
2531:
2478:
2466:
2416:
2404:
2368:
2356:
2320:
2308:
2272:
2260:
2224:
2212:
2103:
2091:
2082:
1940:
1835:
1820:
1776:
1702:
1687:
1674:
1596:
1534:
1494:
1482:
1453:
1406:
1315:
1306:
1261:
1227:
1150:
1138:
1129:
1111:
1081:
1067:
1059:
2238:Parainfluenza hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
961:
917:
857:
800:
790:
746:
736:
644:
501:
444:
395:
343:
333:
284:
251:
166:p24 HIV capsid as a therapeutic target
2382:Respiratory syncytial virus G protein
939:
937:
879:
877:
768:
766:
365:
363:
7:
2748:
2746:
137:. p24 capsid protein's roles in the
2766:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
773:Obr M, Kräusslich HG (July 2018).
14:
2286:Mumps hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
388:10.2174/1570162x17666190102151717
74:P24 has a molecular weight of 24
2750:
1648:Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase
1479:(non-enveloped circular ds-DNA)
993:Constantine N (February 1998).
950:Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
113:homology region (MHR) spanning
1:
2499:Vesiculovirus matrix proteins
425:Sexually Transmitted Diseases
1047:. March 2013. Archived from
963:10.1097/COH.0000000000000713
690:10.1126/science.278.5339.849
625:Journal of Molecular Biology
547:10.1126/science.273.5272.231
437:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000719
141:are summarized as follows:
2536:Structure and genome of HIV
1593:(circular partially ds-DNA)
133:, which protects the viral
62:Structure and genome of HIV
2839:
2745:
1169:Herpesvirus glycoprotein B
222:Fourth generation-HIV test
172:New antiretroviral therapy
59:
2813:Viral structural proteins
1164:HHV capsid portal protein
999:HIV InSite Knowledge Base
910:10.1038/s41586-020-2443-1
637:10.1016/j.jmb.2010.11.027
578:Nature Structural Biology
90:cryo-electron microscopy
2159:Influenza hemagglutinin
738:10.1073/pnas.2020054118
139:HIV replicative process
2762:-related article is a
2721:Gag-onc fusion protein
277:10.1002/pro.5560010502
78:and is encoded by the
71:
21:
2691:murine leukemia virus
2582:Reverse transcriptase
2462:Indiana vesiculovirus
2334:Measles hemagglutinin
995:"HIV Antibody Assays"
191:reverse transcriptase
149:Reverse transcription
86:X-ray crystallography
69:
28:is the most abundant
19:
1422:Early 35 kDa protein
842:10.1128/JVI.01699-09
376:Current HIV Research
335:10.3390/life11020100
178:HIV’s infectivity.
902:2020Natur.584..614L
830:Journal of Virology
792:10.7554/eLife.38895
729:2021PNAS..11820054T
682:1997Sci...278..849G
590:10.1038/nsb0996-763
539:1996Sci...273..231G
494:10.1038/nature12162
486:2013Natur.497..643Z
326:2021Life...11..100R
2686:Rous sarcoma virus
72:
26:p24 capsid protein
22:
2775:
2774:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2675:
2674:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2202:
2201:
2177:
2176:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
1924:
1923:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1751:
1750:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1584:
1583:
1571:
1570:
1521:
1520:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1396:
1395:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1251:
1250:
1217:
1216:
1177:
1176:
1022:"TU vs pg of p24"
896:(7822): 614–618.
676:(5339): 849–853.
533:(5272): 231–235.
480:(7451): 643–646.
183:replication cycle
98:C-terminal domain
94:N-terminal domain
50:diagnose HIV/AIDS
2830:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2754:
2747:
2709:
2700:
2541:
2532:
2479:
2467:
2417:
2405:
2400:Zaire ebolavirus
2369:
2357:
2321:
2309:
2273:
2261:
2225:
2213:
2104:
2092:
2083:
2006:3C-like protease
1941:
1836:
1821:
1777:
1703:
1697:Duplornaviricota
1688:
1675:
1597:
1535:
1495:
1483:
1454:
1407:
1316:
1307:
1262:
1228:
1151:
1139:
1130:
1112:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1060:
1055:
1054:on 15 July 2015.
1053:
1042:
1033:
1032:on 9 March 2008.
1007:
1006:
1001:. Archived from
990:
984:
983:
965:
941:
932:
931:
921:
881:
872:
871:
861:
836:(9): 4851–4855.
821:
815:
814:
804:
794:
770:
761:
760:
750:
740:
708:
702:
701:
665:
659:
658:
648:
616:
610:
609:
573:
567:
566:
522:
516:
515:
505:
465:
459:
458:
448:
416:
410:
409:
399:
367:
358:
357:
347:
337:
305:
299:
298:
288:
256:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2743:
2741:
2724:
2671:
2630:transactivators
2612:
2505:
2448:
2386:
2338:
2290:
2242:
2198:
2173:
2144:
2087:Influenza virus
2077:Negarnaviricota
2074:
2072:
2058:
1984:
1932:
1920:
1869:
1830:Kitrinoviricota
1827:
1812:
1810:
1796:
1768:
1747:
1694:
1679:
1652:
1626:
1592:
1580:
1567:
1517:
1478:
1460:
1446:
1440:
1426:
1392:
1371:
1340:
1302:
1301:(Duplodnaviria,
1300:
1299:circular ds-DNA
1286:
1247:
1213:
1173:
1122:
1116:
1101:
1087:
1051:
1040:
1036:
1020:Wiznerowicz M.
1019:
1016:
1014:Further reading
1011:
1010:
992:
991:
987:
943:
942:
935:
883:
882:
875:
823:
822:
818:
772:
771:
764:
710:
709:
705:
667:
666:
662:
618:
617:
613:
575:
574:
570:
524:
523:
519:
467:
466:
462:
431:(12): 739–746.
418:
417:
413:
369:
368:
361:
307:
306:
302:
265:Protein Science
258:
257:
253:
248:
238:
225:
223:
218:
210:
208:
175:
173:
168:
127:
64:
58:
12:
11:
5:
2836:
2834:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2755:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2706:
2704:Fusion protein
2697:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2625:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2587:HIV-1 protease
2584:
2579:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2552:
2550:
2538:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2493:matrix protein
2488:
2486:
2476:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2431:matrix protein
2426:
2424:
2414:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2366:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2318:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2270:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2222:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2132:viral envelope
2128:
2127:
2126:
2118:matrix protein
2113:
2111:
2101:
2089:
2080:
2073:negative-sense
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1957:viral envelope
1952:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1852:viral envelope
1847:
1845:
1833:
1818:
1811:positive-sense
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1774:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1700:
1685:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1492:
1480:
1458:Polyomaviridae
1451:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1313:
1304:
1303:Varidnaviria?)
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1148:
1136:
1134:Herpes simplex
1127:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1090:Viral proteins
1088:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1034:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:
985:
933:
873:
816:
762:
703:
660:
631:(3): 371–386.
611:
584:(9): 763–770.
568:
517:
460:
411:
382:(5): 322–337.
359:
300:
271:(5): 563–574.
250:
249:
247:
244:
237:
234:
224:
221:
219:
217:
214:
209:
207:Vaccine design
206:
204:
174:
171:
169:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
156:
146:
126:
123:
60:Main article:
57:
54:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2835:
2824:
2823:Protein stubs
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:Parainfluenza
2205:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:Neuraminidase
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2069:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1807:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1437:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1402:Baculoviridae
1399:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1297:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1119:Duplodnaviria
1115:linear ds-DNA
1113:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
986:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
959:
955:
951:
947:
940:
938:
934:
929:
925:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
878:
874:
869:
865:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:
817:
812:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
784:
780:
776:
769:
767:
763:
758:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
707:
704:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
664:
661:
656:
652:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
615:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
572:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
518:
513:
509:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
464:
461:
456:
452:
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
415:
412:
407:
403:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
366:
364:
360:
355:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
304:
301:
296:
292:
287:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
255:
252:
245:
243:
242:
235:
233:
231:
230:window period
220:
215:
213:
205:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
170:
165:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
143:
142:
140:
136:
132:
124:
122:
120:
119:cyclophilin A
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:
77:
68:
63:
55:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
18:
2768:expanding it
2757:
2742:
2628:
2617:
2593:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2544:
2491:
2470:
2429:
2408:
2373:glycoprotein
2360:
2325:glycoprotein
2312:
2277:glycoprotein
2264:
2229:glycoprotein
2216:
2182:
2150:glycoprotein
2130:
2116:
2095:
1989:
1980:Nucleocapsid
1955:
1944:
1935:Pisuviricota
1874:
1850:
1839:
1780:
1771:Pisuviricota
1706:
1631:
1600:
1526:
1486:
1448:Monodnaviria
1410:
1376:
1345:
1319:
1311:Epstein–Barr
1265:
1257:Adenoviridae
1231:
1182:
1142:
1124:Varidnaviria
1049:the original
1044:
1030:the original
1025:
1003:the original
998:
988:
956:(1): 15–21.
953:
949:
893:
889:
833:
829:
819:
782:
778:
720:
716:
706:
673:
669:
663:
628:
624:
614:
581:
577:
571:
530:
526:
520:
477:
473:
463:
428:
424:
414:
379:
375:
317:
313:
303:
268:
264:
254:
239:
226:
211:
180:
176:
131:viral capsid
128:
80:
73:
25:
23:
2713:oncoprotein
1825:Hepatitis C
1590:Hepatitis B
1576:Agnoprotein
1539:oncoprotein
1513:VP2 and VP3
241:HIV vaccine
199:Lenacapavir
115:amino acids
38:viral entry
2807:Categories
2138:M2 protein
2124:M1 protein
1930:SARS-CoV-2
785:: e38895.
320:(2): 100.
246:References
42:host cells
2680:Multiple
2577:Integrase
1815:Riboviria
1692:Rotavirus
1682:Riboviria
1443:Riboviria
980:244940471
850:0022-538X
216:Diagnosis
195:integrase
121:(Cyp A).
106:β-hairpin
102:α-helices
56:Structure
2818:HIV/AIDS
1973:Membrane
1968:Envelope
1562:SV40 Tag
1223:Vaccinia
972:34871187
928:32612233
868:20181694
811:30063007
757:33397805
655:21146540
606:33672057
512:23719463
455:29140890
406:30605062
354:33572761
236:See also
187:protease
125:Function
110:arginine
104:(H) and
96:and the
2760:protein
2304:Measles
1757:Rhinov.
1204:ICP34.5
919:8188729
898:Bibcode
859:2863729
802:6067877
748:7826355
725:Bibcode
698:9346481
678:Bibcode
670:Science
646:3194004
598:8784350
563:5960953
555:8662505
535:Bibcode
527:Science
503:3729984
482:Bibcode
446:5718364
397:6446525
345:7910843
322:Bibcode
295:1304355
286:2142235
153:nucleus
46:antigen
2483:capsid
2421:capsid
2169:HA-tag
2108:capsid
2071:ss-RNA
2001:ORF1ab
1809:ss-RNA
1769:etc. (
1678:ds-RNA
1499:capsid
1367:EBNA-3
1362:EBNA-2
1357:EBNA-1
1155:capsid
978:
970:
926:
916:
890:Nature
866:
856:
848:
809:
799:
755:
745:
696:
653:
643:
604:
596:
561:
553:
510:
500:
474:Nature
453:
443:
404:
394:
352:
342:
293:
283:
34:capsid
2758:This
2619:VRAPs
2601:gp120
2256:Mumps
2054:ORF9b
2044:ORF7b
2039:ORF7a
2029:ORF3d
2024:ORF3c
2019:ORF3b
2014:ORF3a
2008:(NS5)
1963:Spike
1765:Hep A
1761:Polio
1621:HBeAg
1616:HBcAg
1611:HBsAg
1475:HaPyV
1471:MCPyV
1439:other
1378:ncRNA
1336:LMP-2
1331:LMP-1
1209:ICP47
1194:vmw65
1094:early
1052:(PDF)
1041:(PDF)
976:S2CID
779:eLife
723:(3).
602:S2CID
559:S2CID
40:into
2764:stub
2606:gp41
2546:VSPs
2472:VSPs
2442:VP24
2437:VP40
2410:VSPs
2362:VSPs
2314:VSPs
2266:VSPs
2218:VSPs
2184:VNPs
2097:VSPs
2049:ORF8
2034:ORF6
1991:VNPs
1946:VSPs
1916:NS5B
1911:NS5A
1906:NS4B
1901:NS4A
1876:VNPs
1841:VSPs
1782:VNPs
1743:NSP6
1738:NSP5
1733:NSP4
1728:NSP3
1723:NSP2
1718:NSP1
1708:VNPs
1633:VNPs
1602:VSPs
1558:LTag
1553:MTag
1548:STag
1528:VNPs
1488:VSPs
1467:MPyV
1463:SV40
1412:VNPs
1388:EBER
1347:VNPs
1321:VSPs
1267:VNPs
1243:B13R
1233:VNPs
1199:ICP8
1184:VNPs
1144:VSPs
1098:late
1096:and
968:PMID
924:PMID
864:PMID
846:ISSN
807:PMID
753:PMID
694:PMID
651:PMID
594:PMID
551:PMID
508:PMID
451:PMID
402:PMID
350:PMID
314:Life
291:PMID
193:and
88:and
24:The
2667:Vpx
2665:or
2663:Vpu
2658:Vif
2653:Nef
2646:Vpr
2641:Rev
2636:Tat
2595:env
2571:pol
2563:p24
2557:gag
2352:RSV
2194:NS1
1896:NS3
1891:NS2
1792:VPg
1670:RNA
1643:HBx
1508:VP1
1282:E1B
1277:E1A
1107:DNA
958:doi
914:PMC
906:doi
894:584
854:PMC
838:doi
797:PMC
787:doi
743:PMC
733:doi
721:118
686:doi
674:278
641:PMC
633:doi
629:406
586:doi
543:doi
531:273
498:PMC
490:doi
478:497
441:PMC
433:doi
392:PMC
384:doi
340:PMC
330:doi
281:PMC
273:doi
135:RNA
81:gag
76:kDa
30:HIV
2809::
2527:RT
1886:P7
1863:E2
1858:E1
1763:,
1759:,
1473:,
1469:,
1465:,
1043:.
1024:.
997:.
974:.
966:.
954:17
952:.
948:.
936:^
922:.
912:.
904:.
892:.
888:.
876:^
862:.
852:.
844:.
834:84
832:.
828:.
805:.
795:.
781:.
777:.
765:^
751:.
741:.
731:.
719:.
715:.
692:.
684:.
672:.
649:.
639:.
627:.
623:.
600:.
592:.
580:.
557:.
549:.
541:.
529:.
506:.
496:.
488:.
476:.
472:.
449:.
439:.
429:44
427:.
423:.
400:.
390:.
380:16
378:.
374:.
362:^
348:.
338:.
328:.
318:11
316:.
312:.
289:.
279:.
267:.
263:.
189:,
2795:e
2788:t
2781:v
2770:.
2715::
2621::
2548::
2485::
2474::
2423::
2412::
2375::
2364::
2327::
2316::
2279::
2268::
2231::
2220::
2186::
2152::
2110::
2099::
2079:)
2075:(
1993::
1948::
1937:)
1933:(
1878::
1843::
1832:)
1828:(
1817:)
1813:(
1784::
1773:)
1767:,
1710::
1699:)
1695:(
1684:)
1680:(
1635::
1604::
1564:)
1560:(
1541::
1530::
1501::
1490::
1477:)
1461:(
1450:)
1445:,
1441:(
1414::
1380::
1349::
1323::
1269::
1235::
1186::
1157::
1146::
1126:)
1121:,
1117:(
1100:)
1092:(
1082:e
1075:t
1068:v
982:.
960::
930:.
908::
900::
870:.
840::
813:.
789::
783:7
759:.
735::
727::
700:.
688::
680::
657:.
635::
608:.
588::
582:3
565:.
545::
537::
514:.
492::
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