237:
338:
100:
92:
408:, an award winning architect, was selected. The demand for the project was to create a unique structure that would be attractive to the area. The result was a contemporary building with a cross section of an inverted raindrop shape and its side elevation with an appearance of a large pipe covered in decorative stainless steel shingles. The building was built alongside a landscape design to make the surrounding area a public park. The interior of the building included an area accessible to the general public for educational purposes.
392:
431:, to work on the incinerator project. The boulevard near the waterfront was extended with a raised glass walkway that ran through the plant to the waterfront. The walkway was built with large glass walls to show the machineries of the plant in a visually pleasing way along with other interactive displays. The design was to create an experience similar to going to a museum.
111:, cities in the industrialized countries required to construct and maintain infrastructure facilities to support city growths. Modern water industry was one of the early types of city infrastructure that was born in the early 19th century out of that necessity. There were three types of structures that were unique to the water industry:
329:, and large rounded vents. While that hides the equipment behind the walls, it generates some curiosity for the passersby that the building may be industrial in nature. When the chillers work at night, the building is illuminated with blue light at the roofline to showcase that there is an ice making operation inside the building.
379:
aluminum panels with laser cut holes in an irregular pattern was used to create contemporary look with a connection to city's industrial and historic heritage. The angular shapes of the lower part of the building were created to resemble factory roofs around the city. The 97-metre (318 ft) spire
261:
of the cities in which the public has an expectation of the areas to be aesthetically pleasing to attract residents and visitors. One strategy to hide unattractive equipment is to create enclosures or buildings with exterior designs to disguise and blend in to the neighboring buildings. The goal is
227:
style. Infrastructure projects including public utility buildings fall within the responsibilities of civil engineers, typically without participation of architects. As a result, the builders of those structures prioritize functional aspects of the buildings without having attention on detailing or
444:
as a sustainable alternative. Adaptive reuse involves repurposing existing structures for new functionalities. While numerous success stories highlight the viability of adaptive reuse across various building types, challenges persist in garnering public and financial support for such initiatives,
439:
As technology advanced, the demands for modern equipment types underwent significant transformations. Consequently, the architectural requirements for public utility buildings evolved to accommodate these updated technologies. This shift prompted alterations in both the types and layouts of these
308:
Another strategy is to have exterior the buildings to blend in with the neighborhoods, but there are parts that reveal the existence of the equipment that is housed inside the building. This strategy is to provide aesthetic compatibility with the areas, but it does not hide the locations of such
345:
In the 21st century, some utility operators started to recognize that the internal working machinery of the infrastructure can be seen as aesthetics to the public. Some infrastructure building designs were more transparent by incorporating glass walls, color-coded pipes, and light for night time
155:
The city infrastructure buildings in this period were more communicative and expressive with their own designs without having to conceal their locations from the public. However, the internal machinery is not exposed to the view from public streets as the buildings provide a decorative "cloak"
440:
structures, rendering some older public utility buildings obsolete. In response to growing environmental concerns and a commitment to historical preservation, there has been a concerted effort to minimize the demolition of outdated buildings and instead explore
374:
to create an exterior design that celebrates the city's history. The building facade was designed to have two layers with inner layer to serve the climate protection function. This gave the architect more flexibility on creating the outer decorative layer.
324:
that is compatible with the commercial area of the city, but the upper floors house the chillers, pipes, and water tanks which are seen to be too industrialized for the area. The architect sheathed the upper floors with precast concrete walls,
127:
in the 19th and early 20th centuries were built intentionally to be symbolic. The building architectures were to communicate a message to the public of safety and reliability, and express their functions. Building designs inherited from
403:
wanted to build a water filtration plant, the
Whitney Water Purification Facility, it invited the public to form a committee to select the architect for the project after some residents voiced objections to the plan.
132:
buildings required strong rigid walls and raised floor to support the engines, large arched and multi-story windows to let the light in without compromising wall strength, and roof ventilation such as decorative
300:, the middle 18 floors of the building are windowless concrete to protect the equipment. The architect designed rough-grooved concrete texture to disguise as windows of typical office buildings.
262:
to make the buildings not to stand out so that they can stay anonymous. In some municipalities, this design decision is mandatory. For example, public utility buildings in residential zones of
141:. More elaborated designs were also used to communicate sacred atmosphere to highlight the importance of critical tasks of the facilities such as in sewage pumping stations. An example is
600:
211:
system incorporated Art Deco ornamental features. These included diamond patterned brickwork, zigzag motifs, limestone carving of Art Deco lettering, and other incised relief designs.
187:
Other types of infrastructure facilities had their unique architectural expressions as well. Those include gas supply, electrical supply and communication buildings. An example for
488:
400:
794:
236:
734:
769:
388:. At night, programing illumination of different color patterns through the facade holes was intended to make the building another landmark of the city.
337:
358:
Some of the 21st century infrastructure buildings were built with an intention to create distinctive architecture. This is an approach to combat the
653:
177:
99:
682:
181:
20:
820:
137:. These functional features formed the principal of "waterworks style." An example of simple waterworks architectural style is
91:
539:
549:
707:
743:
573:
366:
facility would be considered undesirable for the neighborhoods. With this approach, the waste incineration operator in
263:
173:
149:
142:
63:
224:
161:
138:
55:
845:
625:
169:
165:
157:
912:
988:
983:
240:
513:
184:
in
Toronto, Canada. These buildings are considered to be part of the world heritage in the water industry.
454:
391:
381:
347:
278:
188:
108:
42:
to maintain its office or to house equipment used in connection to the public utility. Examples include
867:
424:
938:
192:
385:
223:
period in the second half of the twentieth century, infrastructure buildings were constructed in
71:
51:
47:
545:
371:
367:
75:
253:
Many of these public utility buildings need to be close to the users. They may need to be in
950:
420:
254:
67:
59:
736:
Combined Sewer System
Characterization Report for the River Road Wastewater Treatment Plant
363:
258:
112:
43:
399:
This approach has also been used elsewhere is the world. In the United States, when the
441:
412:
274:
39:
889:
977:
428:
248:
208:
207:
style. In New York City, many substations built in the 1920s and 1930s to power its
199:. The building completely encloses the equipment but the facade is decorated with a
50:
stations, and other buildings that house infrastructure components and equipment of
124:
489:"Hidden in Plain Sight: Inside Downtown Chicago's Windowless, Doorless Buildings"
362:(not in my backyard) opposition from the area residents. For example, building a
416:
405:
326:
129:
116:
955:
297:
282:
281:
in buildings that are disguised as houses in the neighborhoods (also known as
581:. The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage
228:
ornamentation beyond what are necessary for the functions of the buildings.
376:
200:
939:"The New Industrial Revolution: Finding life for the buildings left behind"
296:. While the ground floor and the top floors have an appearance of a normal
19:
For the skyscraper named Public
Utility Building in Bangalore, India, see
321:
204:
821:"Concrete roofs and secret rooms: Local homes with forgotten past lives"
350:'s South Campus Chilling Plant, and West Campus Combined Utility Plant.
419:
plant. As the city wanted to raise its architectural profile, it hired
317:
313:
293:
289:
270:
220:
196:
146:
103:
Sacred atmosphere imposed by the design of Abbey Mills
Pumping Station
310:
134:
715:. Heritage Architecture & Planning. 31 January 2019. p. 5-7
346:
illumination. Some examples of such architecture can be seen at the
266:
are required to have exterior appearance of residential buildings.
390:
359:
336:
235:
98:
90:
654:"In My Backyard, Please: The Infrastructure Beautiful Movement"
341:
West Campus
Combined Utility Plant at the University of Chicago
742:. North Hudson Sewerage Authority. 1 July 2018. Archived from
120:
269:
Large scale implementations this design strategy is seen in
95:
Foundational waterworks style of
Springhead Pumping Station
768:"Sec. 59-G-2.43. Public utility buildings and structures".
709:
Mission Valley
Community Plan - Historic Context Statement
541:
Temples of Steam
Waterworks Architecture in the Steam Age
243:
screening facility disguised as townhouses, built in 2009
123:. In particular, the pumping stations that housed large
445:
hindering the adoption of this approach in some areas.
683:"Architecture that Refines the Look of Infrastructure"
487:Masengarb, Jennifer; Dukes, Jesse (10 July 2016).
401:South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority
795:"See the secret buildings that make cities run"
292:equipment building at 10 South Canal Street in
890:"Whitney Water Purification Facility and Park"
774:. Montgomery County, Maryland. 22 October 2014
8:
793:Mars, Roman; Kohlstedt, Kurt (10 May 2020).
415:spent millions of dollars in building a new
647:
645:
643:
602:Infrastructure: Utilities and Communication
195:substation at 115 North Dearborn Street in
676:
674:
160:(Berlin, Germany sewage pumping station),
954:
771:Montgomery County Zoning Ordinance (2004)
533:
531:
16:Building housing infrastructure equipment
652:Bernstein, Fred A. (27 February 2005).
626:"Building of the Day: 136 Second Place"
466:
681:Brownell, Blaine (10 September 2014).
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
316:Building at 137 South State Street in
624:Spellen, Suzanne (12 December 2012).
7:
846:"West Campus Combined Utility Plant"
819:Basch, Michelle (14 December 2017).
575:The Water Industry as World Heritage
937:Bilobran, Dawn (21 December 2022).
395:Whitney Water Purification Facility
309:facilities. An example of this is
182:R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant
115:(including water and wastewater),
21:Public Utility Building, Bangalore
14:
943:Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings
605:. Historic England. December 2017
277:where the electric operators put
180:, in Prague, Czech Republic, and
168:in Massachusetts, United States,
572:Douet, James (25 January 2018).
380:was a modern take on the city's
320:. The building has ground floor
288:Another example is the 23-story
913:"Naka Waste Incineration Plant"
538:Douet, James (1 January 1992).
911:Walsh, Paul (5 October 2005).
156:function. Other examples are
1:
370:employed a Danish architect
176:in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
848:. The University of Chicago
264:Montgomery County, Maryland
174:Palacio de Aguas Corrientes
143:Abbey Mills Pumping Station
64:electric power distribution
56:water distribution networks
1005:
246:
139:Springhead Pumping Station
82:Exterior design strategies
38:) is a building used by a
18:
956:10.14311/APP.2022.38.0522
514:"Public Utility Building"
172:in Melbourne, Australia,
170:Spotswood Pumping Station
354:Distinctive architecture
232:Functional and anonymous
166:Chestnut Hill Waterworks
868:"Waste to Energy Plant"
544:. Bristol Polytechnic.
241:Combined sewer overflow
178:Sewage Plant in BubeneÄ
32:infrastructure building
28:public utility building
455:List of fake buildings
396:
342:
279:electrical substations
244:
189:electrical substations
104:
96:
394:
382:UNESCO World Heritage
348:University of Chicago
340:
239:
109:Industrial Revolution
102:
94:
74:, and public service
425:Museum of Modern Art
333:Open and transparent
870:. Erick van Egeraat
516:. Zoningtrilogy.com
423:, who designed the
193:Commonwealth Edison
162:Kempton Park engine
72:telephone exchanges
749:on 28 October 2020
687:Architect Magazine
658:The New York Times
397:
386:Roskilde Cathedral
343:
245:
191:is seen in a 1931
105:
97:
52:water purification
372:Erick van Egeraat
368:Roskilde, Denmark
304:Inspire curiosity
152:in its design.
76:telecommunication
996:
968:
967:
965:
963:
958:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
892:. SAH Archipedia
886:
880:
879:
877:
875:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
816:
810:
809:
807:
805:
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
765:
759:
758:
756:
754:
748:
741:
731:
725:
724:
722:
720:
714:
704:
698:
697:
695:
693:
678:
669:
668:
666:
664:
649:
638:
637:
635:
633:
621:
615:
614:
612:
610:
597:
591:
590:
588:
586:
580:
569:
563:
562:
560:
558:
535:
526:
525:
523:
521:
510:
504:
503:
501:
499:
484:
421:Yoshio Taniguchi
259:commercial areas
113:pumping stations
87:Decorative cloak
68:district heating
60:sewage treatment
44:pumping stations
36:utility building
1004:
1003:
999:
998:
997:
995:
994:
993:
974:
973:
972:
971:
961:
959:
936:
935:
931:
921:
919:
910:
909:
905:
895:
893:
888:
887:
883:
873:
871:
866:
865:
861:
851:
849:
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
818:
817:
813:
803:
801:
792:
791:
787:
777:
775:
767:
766:
762:
752:
750:
746:
739:
733:
732:
728:
718:
716:
712:
706:
705:
701:
691:
689:
680:
679:
672:
662:
660:
651:
650:
641:
631:
629:
623:
622:
618:
608:
606:
599:
598:
594:
584:
582:
578:
571:
570:
566:
556:
554:
552:
537:
536:
529:
519:
517:
512:
511:
507:
497:
495:
486:
485:
468:
463:
451:
437:
364:waste-to-energy
356:
335:
306:
251:
234:
217:
89:
84:
30:(also known as
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1002:
1000:
992:
991:
989:Urban planning
986:
984:Infrastructure
976:
975:
970:
969:
929:
903:
881:
859:
837:
811:
785:
760:
726:
699:
670:
639:
616:
592:
564:
550:
527:
505:
465:
464:
462:
459:
458:
457:
450:
447:
442:adaptive reuse
436:
435:Adaptive reuse
433:
413:Hiroshima City
355:
352:
334:
331:
305:
302:
275:Washington, DC
247:Main article:
233:
230:
216:
213:
145:that employed
88:
85:
83:
80:
48:gas regulation
40:public utility
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1001:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
979:
957:
952:
948:
944:
940:
933:
930:
918:
917:Get Hiroshima
914:
907:
904:
891:
885:
882:
869:
863:
860:
847:
841:
838:
826:
822:
815:
812:
800:
796:
789:
786:
773:
772:
764:
761:
745:
738:
737:
730:
727:
711:
710:
703:
700:
688:
684:
677:
675:
671:
659:
655:
648:
646:
644:
640:
628:. Brownstoner
627:
620:
617:
604:
603:
596:
593:
577:
576:
568:
565:
553:
547:
543:
542:
534:
532:
528:
515:
509:
506:
494:
490:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
467:
460:
456:
453:
452:
448:
446:
443:
434:
432:
430:
429:New York City
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
402:
393:
389:
387:
383:
378:
373:
369:
365:
361:
353:
351:
349:
339:
332:
330:
328:
323:
319:
315:
312:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
260:
256:
250:
249:Fake building
242:
238:
231:
229:
226:
222:
214:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
153:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
126:
125:steam engines
122:
118:
114:
110:
101:
93:
86:
81:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
960:. Retrieved
946:
942:
932:
920:. Retrieved
916:
906:
894:. Retrieved
884:
872:. Retrieved
862:
850:. Retrieved
840:
828:. Retrieved
824:
814:
802:. Retrieved
799:Fast Company
798:
788:
776:. Retrieved
770:
763:
751:. Retrieved
744:the original
735:
729:
717:. Retrieved
708:
702:
690:. Retrieved
686:
661:. Retrieved
657:
630:. Retrieved
619:
607:. Retrieved
601:
595:
583:. Retrieved
574:
567:
555:. Retrieved
540:
518:. Retrieved
508:
496:. Retrieved
492:
438:
410:
398:
357:
344:
327:glass blocks
307:
287:
268:
252:
218:
186:
158:Radialsystem
154:
117:water towers
106:
35:
31:
27:
25:
852:11 February
830:11 February
804:11 February
520:11 February
498:11 February
417:incinerator
406:Steven Holl
283:fake houses
255:residential
225:utilitarian
215:Utilitarian
150:eclecticism
130:beam engine
78:equipment.
978:Categories
753:4 February
609:5 February
585:5 February
557:5 February
551:1871056659
461:References
411:In Japan,
384:site, the
298:skyscraper
219:Since the
107:After the
825:WTOP News
377:Raw umber
201:basrelief
62:systems,
54:systems,
922:21 April
896:21 April
874:21 April
778:20 April
719:18 April
692:18 April
663:18 April
449:See also
322:retailer
290:AT&T
205:Art Deco
962:2 March
632:2 March
318:Chicago
314:Chiller
294:Chicago
271:Toronto
221:postwar
197:Chicago
164:house,
147:baroque
135:dormers
548:
311:Enwave
209:subway
119:, and
34:, and
747:(PDF)
740:(PDF)
713:(PDF)
579:(PDF)
360:NIMBY
964:2024
924:2024
898:2024
876:2024
854:2024
832:2024
806:2024
780:2024
755:2024
721:2024
694:2024
665:2024
634:2024
611:2024
587:2024
559:2024
546:ISBN
522:2024
500:2024
493:WBEZ
273:and
257:and
121:dams
951:doi
427:in
285:).
203:in
980::
949:.
947:38
945:.
941:.
915:.
823:.
797:.
685:.
673:^
656:.
642:^
530:^
491:.
469:^
70:,
66:,
58:,
46:,
26:A
966:.
953::
926:.
900:.
878:.
856:.
834:.
808:.
782:.
757:.
723:.
696:.
667:.
636:.
613:.
589:.
561:.
524:.
502:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
