184:
289:
27:
375:
interest," and "enhancing the profession". The code expects PRSA members to identify the source of their communications, avoid derogatory methods and avoid abusing insider information. According to the code of conduct, members should "protect and advance the free flow of accurate and truthful information; foster informed decision-making through open communication... and work to strengthen the public's trust in the profession." The code states that members "adhere to the highest standards of accuracy and truth."
396:
75 percent of coursework for PR professionals be outside the major. In 1991, PRSA hosted a Task Force on the
Structure and Role of Public Relations, which found that public relations teachers still needed more practical experience. In 1993, PRSA published a Professional Career Guide, which classified skills and knowledge needed at five different levels of someone's career. PRSA advocates that MBA programs include communications programs so that business executives will be more prepared for a crisis.
326:
305:
A board of directors can propose membership fee changes that must be approved by the assembly. The board has the authority to create or dissolve task forces and committees as well as revoke or reward membership status. PRSA's Board of Ethics and
Professional Standards and the Universal Accreditation Board make recommendations on the code of conduct and accreditation programs respectively. PRSA has more than 100 chapters in ten districts, nearly 375 student chapters and 14 interest groups.
268:
a Public
Relations Defined initiative to create a crowd-sourced definition of public relations. 927 submissions were made on PRSA's website filling in the blanks to the statement: "Public relations (does what) with or for (whom) to (do what) for (what purpose)." The winning definition was "a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics." According to the
909:
879:
917:
889:
374:
The Code lists the organization's core values of "advocacy," "honesty," "expertise," "independence," "loyalty," and "fairness" along with the PRSA Code
Provisions of Conduct regarding the "free flow of information," "competition," "disclosure of information," "safeguarding confidences," "conflicts of
316:
and a group calling itself "the
Committee for a Democratic PRSA" called for the restriction to be scrapped. The attempt to overturn the rule was defeated in a vote during that year's session of the assembly. In 2003 a proposal to amend the society's bylaws to allow non-accredited professionals to run
222:
In the 1970s to early 1980s, PRSA's female membership base increased, coinciding with more women pursuing a career in the field. PRSA had its first female
President in 1972 and a second female President in 1983. In 1981, 78 percent of PRSA's student society were women, up from 38 percent in 1968. The
210:
within the society. The society published its first code of conduct and Anvil awards two years later. The code of conduct was later ratified in 1959, and PRSA became the only public relations organization with "an enforceable code" when a
Grievance Board was created in 1962 — a process that remained
395:
commissioned studies in 1975 and 1987 on the state of public relations in education. They found that too many classes were taught by educators with little or no experience in the field and that most needed a post-graduate degree. The studies established
Several standards in education, including that
370:
to their clients, employers, "the public good," and the industry as a whole. The code was modified in 2000 to focus on education rather enforcement, but all members are required to annually agree to follow the code as part of the membership process. Additionally, the Board of
Directors can decide to
337:
which hosts an accreditation program called APR (accreditation in public relations) that evaluates a PR professional in four categories: research, planning, implementation and evaluation. Accreditation is usually granted to candidates with five to seven years of experience upon completion of written
304:
and governed by a set of bylaws. A chair is nominated each year and elected based on a vote of the
Leadership Assembly. The Leadership Assembly consists of one delegate for every 100 members, as well as anyone that holds an elected office. Elected positions within PRSA are held on a volunteer-basis.
267:
signed a mutual declaration saying the two would work together in areas like ethics, education, accreditation, professional development, and new media. The society started two efforts to revise its definition of public relations in 2003 and 2007, but neither moved forward. In November 2011, PRSA led
403:
as a profession, believing that PR can facilitate open communication that allows for an informed public and supports the democratic process. In 1999, a National Credibility Index from PRSA found that PR professionals were among the least credible of professions as a spokesperson. The PRSA objected
371:
ban or revoke membership for individuals who have been "sanctioned by a government agency or convicted in a court of law of an action that fails to comply with the Code." PRSA membership is voluntary, however, so practitioners are not subject to the code unless they elect to join the organization.
231:
that required PRSA to remove content from its code of conduct that contained sexist language, discouraged soliciting clients from other members, or encouraged price-fixing activities. PRSA's first definition of public relations was created in 1982 as "Public relations helps an organization and its
349:
was published from October 1945 to 1995. Its original mission statement was "to carry articles that deal with fundamental public relations problems, as they currently press for solution." The journal was comparable to a text-heavy academic periodical. PRSA currently publishes a monthly newspaper,
341:
PRSA hosts the Anvil Awards, which are issued based on four components: research, planning, execution, and evaluation. The Gold Anvil is awarded to individuals. The Silver Anvil is awarded for strategy and the Bronze for tactics. It also issues awards such as Grand Gold Pick, Rookie of the Year,
259:
described as a "never-ending back-and-forth." In 1996 and 2011, O'Dwyer criticized PRSA on issues such as financial transparency, auditing, and spending in the context of proposed increases in membership dues. PRSA said the increases were caused by an increase in services to members.
214:
PRSA merged with the American Public Relations Association in 1961 and started its accreditation program for public relations professionals the next year. The Public Relations Student Society of America (PRSSA) was created in 1967 based on suggestions by Professor Walter Seifer of
275:
In 2011, PRSA publicized accusations that O'Dwyer had been eavesdropping on PRSA's conference calls. Later that year PRSA started refusing O'Dwyer entrance to their events and sent him a 23-page letter describing his behavior as disruptive and unethical. The
408:
negative reviews. In 2012, a Senate subcommittee investigated eleven government agencies' communications and advertising spending. PRSA opposed the investigation, presenting that the effort dismissed the value of public relations in government.
1778:
832:
631:
605:
194:
The Public Relations Society of America was formed in 1947 by combining the American Council on Public Relations and the National Association of Public Relations Councils. The society had its first annual conference in
167:
professionals. It was founded in 1947 by combining the American Council on Public Relations and the National Association of Public Relations Councils. That year, it held its first annual conference and award ceremony.
382:
criticized the code: "Show me a PR person who is 'accurate' and 'truthful,' and I'll show you a PR person who is unemployed." The code of ethics was revised in 1954, 1959, 1963, 1977, 1983, 1988 and 2000.
392:
2091:
1890:
Fischer, Rick. "Rethinking Public Relations Curricula: Evolution Of Thought 1975-1999." Public Relations Quarterly 45.2 (2000): 16-20. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 29 Oct. 2012.
2081:
2086:
1900:
922:
The Public Relations Society of America Inc. agreed to a Federal Trade Commission order that prohibits practices the agency says tended to fix members' fees and restrict competition.
1946:
255:
and others to members. Although O'Dwyer has been a critic of PRSA since the 1970s, this is often considered the beginning of a long-term dispute between PRSA and O'Dwyer that
232:
publics adapt mutually to each other." In 1986, PRSA's then President Anthony Franco resigned from his post after it was revealed he was accused of insider trading by the
1377:
2064:
2056:
1240:
2096:
660:
782:
756:
730:
183:
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Among the revisions was the removal of sexist language. Paragraphs that were criticized by the FTC as restraining competition and price fixing were removed.
308:
Since the 1970s, the PRSA has restricted the right to sit in the group's national assembly or to seek election to the national board to those possessing an
296:) and the "Committee for a Democratic PRSA" called for the extension of full voting rights to in the group to members who did not hold the APR designation.
1678:
Gower, Karla K. "Rediscovering Women In Public Relations." Journalism History 27.1 (2001): 14. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 29 Oct. 2012.
1536:
175:
was last updated in 2000. PRSA also launched an accreditation program, and a student society called the Public Relations Student Society of America.
269:
233:
941:
1802:
Sommer, Susan. "PRSA Alaska Plays Vital Role At 35." Alaska Business Monthly 28.1 (2012): 34-35. Business Source Complete. Web. 29 Oct. 2012.
1042:
579:
1908:
1189:
288:
227:(FTC) said PRSA's code of conduct inhibited fair competition by requiring members not to solicit clients from other members. It issued a
312:. The requirement for the assembly was dropped in 2004, but was maintained for those seeking board membership. In 2010, a revolt led by
277:
1954:
2018:
458:
418:
309:
333:
PRSA members receive access to a suite of tools that fosters professional development and career growth. PRSA is a member of the
1654:
894:
The Public Relations Society of America is in hot water with the Federal Trade Commission over its code of professional conduct.
506:
264:
239:
In 1994, O'Dwyer from the O'Dwyer's PR trade journal alleged that PRSA was violating copyright laws by lending articles from
1835:
334:
1352:
1244:
1059:
1090:
806:
Pohl, Gayle (2008). "No Mulligans Allowed:Strategically Plotting Your Public Relations Course." Iowa: Kendall/Hunt.
1836:"The PRSA code of professional standards and member code of ethics: Why they are neither professional nor ethical"
1266:
1839:
1153:
Tannenbaum, Jeffrey (October 30, 1996). "Who's Afraid of a little bad press? Try the Public Relations Society".
526:
428:
224:
26:
486:
1114:
Walls, Jeannette. "Copyrights And Wrongs." Esquire 126.4 (1996): 28. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2012.
884:
1858:
325:
216:
861:
1627:
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to the actions of the Redner Group in 2011 when the PR firm threatened to blacklist media that gave
367:
301:
157:
1739:
1016:
Lipman, Joanne (September 26, 1986). "PR Society receives some very bad PR -- from its ex-chief".
688:
1494:
974:
423:
247:
84:
1688:
1843:
1759:
1038:
1032:
708:
575:
454:
160:
569:
1751:
700:
689:"Evolving Standards in Public Relations: A Historical Examination of PRSA's Codes of Ethics"
528:
Public Relations: The Profession and the Practice: Chapter 2:The History of Public Relations
400:
171:
In 1950, the society created its first code of professional standards, and the current PRSA
164:
1295:
1871:
1507:
987:
313:
474:
2051:
1711:
1562:
864:. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication in San Antonio, Texas.
272:(CIPR), "reactions to the new PRSA definition were mixed and views vigorously debated."
203:
was given PRSA's first "annual citation" for advancing the field of public relations.
2075:
1812:
1740:"From Enforcement to Education: The Development of PRSA's Member Code of Ethics 2000"
1658:
1127:
228:
1993:"PRSA says threatening to blacklist media 'certainly not what comprises ethical PR'"
783:"Struggling to reformulate public relations campaigns after the attacks of Sept. 11"
363:
223:
society grew to 9,000 members by 1981, up from 4,500 members in 1960. In 1977, the
200:
196:
172:
1214:
1755:
910:"Public Relations Society Consents to Halt Actions That FTC Says Cut Competition"
704:
448:
1847:
1587:
Dougherty, Philip (March 27, 1986). "Silver Anvil Winners Announced by Judges".
1421:
Herskovits, Beth (November 1, 2004). "PRSA Changes Rules on APR Accreditation".
1378:"PRSA Leaders Tackle APR Controversy in Pre-Conference Leadership Assembly Vote"
1168:
Shelton, Ed (April 14, 2000). "IPR signs co-operation pact with US PR society".
862:"PR Sources and Synergies: News Media Discussion of Public Relations and Ethics"
565:
187:
1852:
In October of 2000 the PRSA Assembly approved a new PRSA Member Code of Ethics.
405:
1992:
1763:
712:
241:
317:
for PRSA's offices was defeated, but the motion passed the following year.
1403:
Hood, Julia (November 3, 2002). "PRSA Announces Plans for Restructuring".
338:
and oral examinations. About 20 percent of PRSA's members are accredited.
1339:
236:. The PRSA's philanthropy arm, the PRSA Foundation, was founded in 1990.
1317:
1001:
Serafin, Raymond (October 13, 1986). "Pr group adopts exec guidelines".
1602:
1521:
Scipio, Philip (August 4, 1997). "Diebold Gets IR Silver Anvil Award".
190:
speaks at the plenary session of the 2007 PRSA international conference
1930:
Jack, Bernstein (October 5, 1987). "Fooling with the media is risky".
1465:"Should PRSA Board Service be tied to Public Relations Accreditation?"
1464:
207:
1436:
329:
Department of Defense staff holding the Silver Anvil award in 2008
324:
287:
182:
1034:
Corporate Communication: Strategic Adaptation for Global Practice
206:
Several ethical violations in the field led to discussions about
1190:"Public Relations Defined, After an Energetic Public Discussion"
2019:"PRSA to Senate: Don't use the PR industry as a 'punching bag'"
1537:"Ofield Dukes: Renowned public relations specialist dies at 79"
547:
Pace, Eric (September 11, 1981). "Women In Public Relations".
393:
Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication
379:
16:
Nonprofit trade association for public relations professionals
1128:"PR's Own Phone Hacking Scandal: O'Dwyer Fires Back at PRSA"
96:
The United States, Argentina, Colombia, Peru and Puerto Rico
211:
in place until the Code was substantially revised in 2000.
1733:
1731:
661:"Public Relations Society of America: Records, 1949-1985"
399:
PRSA advocates for the trust, credibility and respect of
942:"Redefining Public Relations in the Age of Social Media"
2044:
1031:
Michael B. Goodman; Peter B. Hirsch (January 1, 2010).
135:
682:
680:
678:
475:
https://contentconnection.prsa.org/about/prsa/overview
1296:"Colorado Chapter of PRSA celebrates 50-year History"
880:"Public Relations Society Draws Ire Of FTC Over Code"
2092:
Professional associations based in the United States
571:
Public Relations and the Press: The Troubled Embrace
130:
120:
110:
100:
90:
80:
72:
51:
41:
33:
1437:"Membership - Public Relations Society of America"
2082:Business organizations based in the United States
1901:"Public Relations: Coming to a B-School Near You"
855:
853:
606:"Epping Man is to Head Public Relations Society"
391:The Public Relations Society of America and the
342:Lifetime Achievement and PR person of the year.
280:tried to negotiate his entrance unsuccessfully.
47:National Association of Public Relations Council
2087:Non-profit organizations based in New York City
1241:"PRSA and O'Dwyer: Can't We All Just Get Along"
816:"Public Relations Group Elects Woman as Head".
574:. Northwestern University Press. pp. 18–.
1706:
1704:
76:Not-for-profit trade and business association
8:
1267:"Public Relations Society of America Bylaws"
473:About PRSA National. (2019). Retrieved from
354:, targeted to communications professionals.
19:
632:"Falk Wins National Public Relations Honor"
600:
598:
560:
558:
1655:"Guide to Research About Public Relations"
1122:
1120:
1091:"PR Group Accuses Writer of Phone Hacking"
25:
18:
1947:"Political Front Groups Have It Backward"
1628:"Colorado PRSA presents Gold Pick Awards"
1183:
1181:
1179:
1591:. pp. Section D, Page 23, Column 3.
1084:
1082:
1080:
860:Riechert, Bonnie Parnell (August 2005).
551:. pp. Section D, Page 11, Column 1.
487:"Joseph Abreu - PRSA Board of Directors"
45:American Council on Public Relations and
1886:
1884:
1157:. pp. Section B, Page 1, Column 1.
1020:. pp. Section 1, Page 1, Column 4.
935:
933:
833:"Women Increase Public Relations Roles"
542:
540:
439:
270:Chartered Institute of Public Relations
234:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
1867:
1856:
1779:"Code Polices Public Relations Abuses"
1503:
1492:
1489:. June 5, 2003. pp. Business. E4.
1458:
1456:
1416:
1414:
1340:https://www.prsa.org/about/about-prsa/
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1287:
1234:
1232:
983:
972:
724:
722:
655:
653:
2097:Public relations in the United States
2017:Sebastian, Michael (March 15, 2012).
940:Elliott, Stuart (November 20, 2011).
450:The SAGE Handbook of Public Relations
302:501(c)(6) not-for-profit organization
158:501(c)(6) not-for-profit organization
7:
1991:Sebastian, Michael (June 16, 2011).
1603:"Silver and Bronze Anvil Awards FAQ"
1463:Keeney, Daniel (September 2, 2010).
1298:. Advertising & Marketing Review
447:Heath, Robert Lawrence, ed. (2010).
1976:"PRSA Releases Credibility Study".
1777:Skoloda, David (January 16, 1969).
1716:Public Relations Society of America
1441:Public Relations Society of America
1338:About PRSA. (2019). Retrieved from
1318:"More Than 100 U.S.-Based Chapters"
1089:Bruell, Alexandra (July 19, 2011).
1060:"The Case of Jack O'Dwyer vs. PRSA"
781:Elliot, Stuart (November 1, 2001).
335:Universal Accreditation Board (UAB)
150:Public Relations Society of America
20:Public Relations Society of America
1907:. December 7, 2011. Archived from
1239:Garcia, Tonya (October 20, 2011).
14:
1188:Elliott, Stuart (March 1, 2012).
1058:Perlut, Aaron (August 31, 2011).
916:. August 19, 1977. Archived from
831:Pace, Eric (September 15, 1981).
419:Canadian Public Relations Society
820:. November 14, 1972. p. 78.
1653:Hallahan, Kirk (January 1998).
837:The New York Times News Service
729:Porter, Sylvia (Nov 15, 1963).
1738:Fitzpatrick, Kathy R. (2002).
1353:"PRSA Leaders Revolt Vs. APRs"
878:Schorr, Burt (March 4, 1977).
687:Fitzpatrick, Kathy R. (2002).
663:. Wisconsin Historical Society
265:Institute for Public Relations
1:
1351:O'Dwyer, Jack (11 May 2010).
1756:10.1207/S15327728JMME1702_03
1744:Journal of Mass Media Ethics
705:10.1207/S15327728JMME1702_02
693:Journal of Mass Media Ethics
1978:Investor Relations Business
1834:Parkinson, Michael (2001).
1523:Investor Relations Business
1037:. Peter Lang. p. 205.
731:"Policing Public Relations"
2115:
1840:Public Relations Quarterly
1689:"Strategies & Tactics"
755:West, Dick (Dec 1, 1966).
366:that discusses a member's
292:In 2010, Richard Edelman (
1243:. PR News. Archived from
24:
429:Public Relations Journal
368:ethical responsibilities
352:Strategies & Tactics
347:Public Relations Journal
225:Federal Trade Commission
1877:(subscription required)
1815:. CBS News. May 7, 2009
1632:Denver Business Journal
1155:The Wall Street Journal
1018:The Wall Street Journal
926:(subscription required)
914:The Wall Street Journal
898:(subscription required)
885:The Wall Street Journal
300:PRSA is organized as a
1866:Cite journal requires
1813:"The Flak Over Flacks"
636:The Milwaukee Sentinel
330:
297:
263:In 2000, PRSA and the
191:
59:; 76 years ago
2058:Strategies and Tactic
1783:The Milwaukee Journal
1712:"PRSA Code of Ethics"
967:The Guardian (London)
920:on January 31, 2013.
892:on January 31, 2013.
761:Mid Cities Daily News
757:"PRSA Hopes for Best"
507:"Linda Thomas Brooks"
453:. SAGE. p. 355.
387:Research and advocacy
328:
291:
217:Ohio State University
186:
57:February 4, 1948
2052:PRSA Code of Ethics
1957:on January 23, 2011
1543:. December 17, 2011
1247:on October 21, 2011
638:. November 20, 1957
612:. December 28, 1978
358:PRSA Code of Ethics
278:National Press Club
126:Linda Thomas Brooks
21:
1911:on January 7, 2012
1589:The New York Times
1563:"Gold Anvil Award"
1194:The New York Times
969:. August 28, 1986.
946:The New York Times
818:The New York Times
787:The New York Times
568:(10 August 2007).
549:The New York Times
424:Fellow of the PRSA
331:
298:
248:The New York Times
192:
85:New York, New York
1945:McCormick, Gary.
1844:HighBeam Research
1567:Individual Awards
1541:Milwaukee Courier
1502:Missing or empty
1384:. 19 October 2010
1294:Adams, Mary Pat.
1044:978-1-4331-0621-7
982:Missing or empty
581:978-0-8101-2434-9
362:PRSA publishes a
310:APR certification
161:trade association
146:
145:
68:(charter granted)
2104:
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2045:Official website
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2014:
2008:
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1980:. July 19, 1999.
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888:. Archived from
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401:public relations
165:public relations
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55:1947 (agreement)
29:
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1932:Advertising Age
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1850:on 2016-03-28.
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1665:2007-10-19
1446:2017-05-07
1215:"About PR"
587:27 October
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435:References
406:Duke Nukem
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