49:
885:
and formed a rival wing of the party called PAV-Platform for
Democratic Slovakia. Mečiar and his supporters had accused the leadership, including the leader Fedor Gál of being too close to Prague and Mečiar called for economic reforms to be less vigorous due to fears that Slovakia would lose the most economically. However the leadership of Public Against Violence accused Mečiar of wanting an independent Slovakia and of joining with Communists.
176:
633:
544:
781:
911:
Also in July 1991 Alexander Dubček quit the Public
Against Violence movement, accusing Public Against Violence of having moved too far to the right. Public Against Violence finally became a political party in October 1991 and renamed itself as Civic Democratic Union (Občianska demokratická únia, ODÚ)
884:
Public
Against Violence faced tensions over the amount of power that should be held centrally in Czechoslovakia and how much should be held in Slovakia. This led to a split in March 1991 when the prime minister of Slovakia Vladimír Mečiar walked out of a leadership meeting of Public Against Violence
930:
Public
Against Violence has been seen to have failed due to an inability to establish a popular constituency; instead concentrating on government and parliamentary activities. More nationalist politicians were able to exploit this and played on public distrust of a Public Against Violence, that was
664:
on the 17 November 1989 a growing series of demonstrations were held in
Czechoslovakia. On the 19 November Civic Forum was founded in Prague as a coalition of opposition groups demanding the removal of the Communist leadership. The same evening a meeting was held in Bratislava, Slovakia attended by
710:
Protests spread across
Slovakia in November 1989 with branches of Public Against Violence being founded in many towns. Civic Forum and Public Against Violence worked together in negotiations with the Communist government, with Ján Čarnogurský representing Public Against Violence at talks together
907:
Following the split the
Movement for a Democratic Slovakia quickly became the most popular party in Slovakia and consistently led in the opinion polls in 1991 and 1992, while Mečiar was the most popular politician. Public Against Violence meanwhile dropped further in the polls to just 3% in July
880:
Public
Against Violence came second to the Christian Democratic Movement in Slovakia. Public Against Violence was reported to have won 20.4% of the vote in Slovakia, compared to 27.4% for the Christian Democratic Movement. An opinion poll in November 1990 also showed support for Public Against
829:
on 25 to 30%. Public
Against Violence was reported to be suffering from an increase in Slovak nationalism and many rural voters saw intellectuals from Public Against Violence as alien to them. However Public Against Violence gained during the campaign on their anti-communist credentials with
735:. Čalfa went on to leave the Communist Party on the 18 January 1990 and would then join Public Against Violence. The government initially had an 11 to 10 majority of non-Communists, but this grew as people left the Communist party, while Václav Havel was elected
842:
Public
Against Violence came first but short of a majority. However, on election night one of the founders of Public Against Violence, deputy chairman Ján Budaj, announced his withdrawal from politics as he had been pressed to co-operate with the
837:
The election results saw Public Against Violence finish first in Slovakia, both in the federal and Slovak elections. In the federal election together the combination of Civic Forum and Public Against Violence won a majority, while in the
795:
Public Against Violence wanted greater powers for Slovakia, but backed continuing the union between the Czechs and Slovaks. However they called for the emphasis to be on the economy and environment, rather than Slovak nationalism.
706:
composed both of Communists and the opposition, leading to free elections. However Public Against Violence also called for relations between the Czechs and Slovaks to be altered in a new democratic federation.
727:
After the rejection by the opposition of an interim government which would have been largely Communist, another government of Czechoslovakia was formed on the 7 December 1989, with Slovak Communist
1503:
Colitt, Leslie (17 May 1990). "Nationalism a new campaign issue: Personalities rather than policies will determine the leaders in Czechoslovakia's first free elections in 44 years".
1966:
834:
being well received when he campaigned in Slovakia. A poll on 1 June 1990 showed Public Against Violence ahead of the Christian Democratic Movement in Slovakia for the first time.
2025:
1328:
1357:
1998:
1386:
876:
As time passed from the Velvet Revolution, the approval rating for both Civic Forum and Public Against Violence dropped from 60% in February 1990 to 38% in October 1990. In
1709:
1299:
2055:
2089:
1415:
1261:
665:
about 500 people where Public Against Violence was founded. The following day a first meeting of the coordinating committee of Public Against Violence took place.
2099:
584:
668:
Public Against Violence was similar to Civic Forum in being a broad movement in opposition to Communism. The founders of Public Against Violence included actor
414:
409:
404:
399:
764:
However Public Against Violence began to split even before the first democratic elections were held. At the beginning of 1990 Ján Čarnogurský and advocates of
850:
Following the election Marián Čalfa of Public Against Violence continued to lead a coalition government nationally as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia, while
526:
1227:
916:
792:
146:
719:
on 27 November demonstrated support for the opposition, agreement was reached on the 29 November for the leading role of the Communist Party to be ended.
1891:
Colitt, Leslie (26 April 1991). "Slovak PM falls victim to tide of economic reform: The political demise of a volatile 'hero' who clung to the past".
800:
732:
1027:
972:
1475:
1443:
2094:
304:
432:
736:
508:
923:. The Civic Democratic Union finally dissolved in November 1992 and many former members of Civic Democratic Union would go on to join the
1972:
919:, but failed to win any seats. It won 4.0% of the Slovak vote for the House of the People, 4.0% for the House of Nations and 4.0% in the
863:
2029:
1082:
920:
896:
870:
839:
577:
352:
347:
342:
337:
1334:
683:, and the movement included cultural figures, religious and intellectual dissidents. Other early leaders included Catholic dissident
1363:
1149:
924:
877:
811:
740:
645:
383:
378:
373:
368:
89:
1392:
888:
On the 23 April 1991 Vladimír Mečiar was replaced as Prime Minister of Slovakia by the leader of the Christian Democratic Movement
753:, with equal numbers of Communists and non-Communists. Members of Public Against Violence formed part of the government, including
442:
2004:
1715:
239:
1305:
2061:
1421:
1267:
1772:
1912:
1821:
892:. This came after the majority of Public Against Violence joined with the Christian Democratic Movement to replace Mečiar.
1676:
1622:
1527:
1175:
826:
769:
761:, and like Marián Čalfa nationally, Milan Čič would leave the Communist party in 1990 and joined Public Against Violence.
570:
483:
1103:
451:
557:
189:
110:
299:
151:
702:. Like Civic Forum, Public Against Violence called for the dominant role of the Communist Party to be ended, with a
2104:
1107:
854:
of Public Against Violence led a coalition government in Slovakia together with the Christian Democratic Movement.
491:
275:
141:
1233:
234:
226:
202:
889:
688:
684:
197:
48:
703:
475:
270:
1711:
Whose Democracy? Nationalism, Religion, and the Doctrine of Collective Rights in Post-1989 Eastern Europe
1481:
1176:"Nationalist Appeals Key in Slovak Vote;Parties Press for Greater Autonomy From Prague in Open Election"
521:
459:
324:
258:
1853:
Battiata, Mary (19 March 1991). "Separatist Slovaks Becoming More Vocal in `Family Feud' With Czechs".
866:
851:
754:
692:
212:
2109:
1448:
467:
166:
1855:
1681:
1627:
1180:
807:
765:
699:
516:
126:
1913:"Compare and contrast: if Slovenia wins its independence, how long before Slovakia follows suit"
803:
728:
669:
785:
680:
59:
1768:
1145:
758:
641:
1600:
Bassett, Richard (11 June 1990). "Communists do well as Havel party wins - Czechoslovakia".
747:
657:
263:
207:
1946:
1893:
1872:
1802:
1764:
The Politics of Greed: How Privatization Structured Politics in Central and Eastern Europe
1742:
1656:
1561:
1505:
746:
In Slovakia a new government was also formed on the 12 December 1989 led by the Communist
601:
548:
175:
119:
1822:"The danger of delinquency. (Slovakia seeks some kind of autonomy within Czechoslovakia)"
831:
750:
712:
1417:
The Origins of Postcommunist Elites: From Prague Spring to the Breakup of Czechoslovakia
632:
825:
showed Public Against Violence with between 18 and 25% support in Slovakia, behind the
716:
649:
103:
17:
2083:
1917:
1826:
1582:
1532:
815:
696:
308:
1997:
Drobizheva, Leokadia; Gottemoeller, Rose; Kelleher, Catherine; Walker, Lee (1996).
822:
1263:
Return to Diversity: A Political History of East Central Europe since World War II
673:
63:
1762:
1139:
1922:
1831:
1623:"Czechoslovaks Vote For Havel's Party; Early Tally Shows Communists Running 3rd"
1480:. Budapest: Central European University Press. pp. 148, 238. Archived from
677:
653:
621:
279:
1686:
1632:
1537:
1185:
862:
613:
115:
99:
895:
At an extraordinary party congress held on 27 April 1991, a new party called
1602:
780:
1654:
Lloyd, John (11 June 1990). "Past returns to haunt Czechoslovak politics".
2057:
The New Great Transformation? Change and Continuity in East-Central Europe
1968:
Democratization in Eastern Europe: Domestic and International Perspectives
1714:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 117. Archived from
1951:
1898:
1877:
1807:
1747:
1677:"Czechs, Slovaks Reach Agreement on Federal, Regional Power-Sharing Plan"
1661:
1607:
1566:
1510:
799:
Candidates for Public Against Violence at the 1990 election included the
617:
131:
1420:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 95. Archived from
1330:
Illustrated Slovak History: A Struggle for Sovereignty in Central Europe
1266:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 271–272. Archived from
661:
2000:
Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World: Case Studies and Analysis
1559:
Lloyd, John (4 June 1990). "Eastern Europe Elects Czechoslovakia".
908:
1991, compared to 38% for the Movement for a Democratic Slovakia.
861:
779:
631:
1444:"Milan Čič, Slovakia's first post-communist Prime Minister, dies"
1362:. London: Europa Publications. pp. 187, 358. Archived from
844:
636:
Memorial of the Velvet revolution in Bratislava (Námestie SNP)
1388:
Socialist Economies and the Transition to the Market: A Guide
1304:. Boulder: Westview Press. pp. 80–82, 90. Archived from
1232:. New York: Routledge. pp. 29–31, 35, 67. Archived from
620:
in November 1989. It was the Slovak counterpart of the Czech
1327:
Spiesz, Anton; Caplovic, Dusan; Bolchazy, Ladislaus (2000).
1800:
Dempsey, Judy (7 March 1991). "Slovakian party in split".
1333:. Wauconda: Bolchazy-Carducci. p. 296. Archived from
2026:"1992 Parliamentary Elections: Slovak National Council"
1359:
A Political and Economic Dictionary of Eastern Europe
640:
Public Against Violence (VPN) was founded during the
695:
and the ex-leader of the Communist Party during the
1301:
The Czech and Slovak Republics: Nation versus State
125:
109:
95:
85:
77:
69:
55:
32:
2003:. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe. p. 80. Archived from
1971:. New York: Routledge. p. 172. Archived from
1391:. New York: Routledge. p. 378. Archived from
2060:. New York: Routledge. p. 51. Archived from
1356:Day, Alan; East, Roger; Thomas, richard (2002).
2054:Bryant, Christopher; Mokrzycki, Edmund (1994).
687:whose trial was stopped during the revolution,
1141:The History of the Czech Republic and Slovakia
2049:
2047:
1595:
1593:
1260:Rothschild, Joseph; Wingfield, Nancy (2000).
768:left Public Against Violence and founded the
739:and Alexander Dubček became the chair of the
578:
8:
1528:"The spirit revives. (Slovakian separatism)"
1255:
1253:
1251:
1965:Pridham, Geoffrey; Vanhanen, Tatu (1994).
1522:
1520:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
612:) was a political movement established in
585:
571:
161:
29:
1992:
1990:
1767:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 140.
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
915:The Civic Democratic Union contested the
2090:Organizations of the Revolutions of 1989
1795:
1793:
1791:
1735:
1733:
1580:"Now, govern. (Czechoslovak election)".
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1058:
1003:
948:
921:election for the Slovak National Council
899:split off from Public Against Violence.
1121:
931:perceived to be composed of the elite.
164:
1740:"Poll support for Civic Forum slips".
1469:
1467:
1229:Slovakia: The Escape from Invisibility
2100:Defunct political parties in Slovakia
2028:. University of Essex. Archived from
878:local elections held in November 1990
821:In the lead up to the 1990 elections
27:Political party in Czechoslovakia
7:
784:Chairman of Public Against Violence
1761:Schwartz, Andrew (1 January 2006).
1675:Wise, Michael (14 November 1990).
897:Movement for a Democratic Slovakia
871:Movement for a Democratic Slovakia
715:for Civic Forum. After a two-hour
443:Direction – Social Democracy
25:
1870:"Slovak premier forced to quit".
1944:"Dubcek quits reform movement".
801:prime minister of Czechoslovakia
733:Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
542:
174:
47:
1830:. 16 March 1991. Archived from
1621:Battiata, Mary (10 June 1990).
1921:. 13 July 1991. Archived from
1750:. 26 November 1990. p. 4.
1144:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 238–243.
484:Christian Democratic Movement
1:
2095:Political history of Slovakia
1536:. 9 June 1990. Archived from
1174:Wise, Michael (8 June 1990).
827:Christian Democratic Movement
770:Christian Democratic Movement
1298:Leff, Carol Skalnik (1996).
881:Violence had fallen to 17%.
1880:. 24 April 1991. p. 3.
793:free elections in June 1990
737:President of Czechoslovakia
2126:
1954:. 23 July 1991. p. 2.
142:Politics of Czechoslovakia
1477:The End of Czechoslovakia
1226:Henderson, Karen (2002).
1138:Mahoney, William (2011).
452:Voice – Social Democracy
137:
46:
869:, who led the breakaway
772:party in February 1990.
509:Administrative divisions
235:Constitution of Slovakia
1708:Ramet, Sabrina (1997).
903:Decline and dissolution
810:, the ex-leader of the
606:Verejnosť proti násiliu
598:Public Against Violence
476:Freedom and Solidarity
435:in the National Council
127:Political position
39:Verejnosť proti násiliu
35:Public Against Violence
18:Public against Violence
1385:Jeffries, Ian (1993).
873:
788:
704:provisional government
644:, which overthrew the
637:
605:
90:Civic Democratic Union
865:
791:Going into the first
783:
658:student demonstration
635:
468:Progressive Slovakia
1925:on 21 September 2014
1834:on 21 September 2014
1689:on 21 September 2014
1635:on 21 September 2014
1540:on 21 September 2014
1474:Musil, JiŘÍ (1995).
1449:The Slovak Spectator
1188:on 21 September 2014
1048:Majority Government
993:Majority Government
240:Constitutional Court
167:Politics of Slovakia
2064:on 20 February 2015
1975:on 20 February 2015
1856:The Washington Post
1718:on 20 February 2015
1682:The Washington Post
1628:The Washington Post
1424:on 10 December 2015
1337:on 21 February 2015
1308:on 21 February 2015
1270:on 21 February 2015
1236:on 21 February 2015
1181:The Washington Post
945:House of the People
766:Christian democracy
748:Minister of Justice
691:and Miroslav Kusy,
549:Slovakia portal
1414:Eyal, Gil (2003).
874:
789:
723:Interim government
689:František Mikloško
656:cracked down on a
638:
2105:Velvet Revolution
1484:on 2 January 2015
1452:. 9 November 2012
1366:on 14 August 2014
1113:
1112:
1052:
1051:
997:
996:
759:interior minister
642:Velvet Revolution
628:Velvet Revolution
595:
594:
160:
159:
147:Political parties
86:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
2117:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1797:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1685:. Archived from
1672:
1666:
1665:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1631:. Archived from
1618:
1612:
1611:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1395:on 15 March 2014
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1295:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1257:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1223:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1184:. Archived from
1171:
1156:
1155:
1135:
1096:
1059:
1055:National Council
1041:
1004:
1000:House of Nations
986:
949:
940:Federal Assembly
935:Election results
925:Democratic Party
808:Alexander Dubček
741:Federal Assembly
700:Alexander Dubček
587:
580:
573:
551:
547:
546:
545:
495:
487:
479:
471:
463:
455:
446:
300:National Council
264:Peter Pellegrini
190:National symbols
178:
162:
73:19 November 1989
51:
40:
30:
21:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2032:on 2 March 2012
2024:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2008:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1947:Financial Times
1943:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1894:Financial Times
1890:
1889:
1885:
1873:Financial Times
1869:
1868:
1864:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1803:Financial Times
1799:
1798:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1743:Financial Times
1739:
1738:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1657:Financial Times
1653:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1586:. 16 June 1990.
1579:
1578:
1574:
1562:Financial Times
1558:
1557:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1506:Financial Times
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1297:
1296:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1259:
1258:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1225:
1224:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1173:
1172:
1159:
1152:
1137:
1136:
1123:
1118:
1097:
1094:
1057:
1042:
1039:
1002:
987:
984:
947:
942:
937:
912:in March 1992.
905:
890:Ján Čarnogurský
867:Vladimír Mečiar
860:
852:Vladimír Mečiar
840:Slovak election
812:Communist Party
778:
755:Vladimír Mečiar
725:
693:Vladimír Mečiar
685:Ján Čarnogurský
646:Communist Party
630:
591:
562:
558:Other countries
543:
541:
540:
533:
532:
531:
511:
501:
500:
499:
493:
485:
477:
469:
461:
460:National Party
453:
448:
444:
436:
425:
424:
419:
388:
357:
327:
316:
315:
295:
287:
286:
254:
246:
245:
244:
229:
219:
218:
217:
192:
169:
156:
120:Pro-Europeanism
118:
42:
41:
38:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2123:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2043:
2017:
1986:
1957:
1936:
1904:
1883:
1862:
1845:
1813:
1787:
1773:
1753:
1729:
1700:
1667:
1646:
1613:
1589:
1572:
1551:
1516:
1495:
1463:
1435:
1406:
1377:
1348:
1319:
1281:
1247:
1199:
1157:
1150:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
991:
988:
983:
981:
978:
975:
969:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
917:1992 elections
904:
901:
859:
856:
847:in the 1970s.
777:
776:1990 elections
774:
724:
721:
717:general strike
650:Czechoslovakia
629:
626:
593:
592:
590:
589:
582:
575:
567:
564:
563:
561:
560:
554:
553:
552:
535:
534:
530:
529:
527:Municipalities
524:
519:
513:
512:
507:
506:
503:
502:
498:
497:
489:
481:
473:
465:
457:
449:
441:
438:
437:
431:
430:
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276:Prime Minister
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14:
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2007:on 2015-02-21
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385:
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362:Presidential
361:
354:
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320:
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290:
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81:27 April 1991
80:
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2056:
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2020:
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2005:the original
1999:
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1973:the original
1967:
1960:
1945:
1939:
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1923:the original
1916:
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1179:
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1068:Vote %
1013:Vote %
958:Vote %
929:
914:
910:
906:
894:
887:
883:
875:
849:
836:
832:Václav Havel
820:
804:Marián Čalfa
798:
790:
763:
745:
729:Marián Čalfa
726:
713:Václav Havel
709:
672:, dissident
670:Milan Kňažko
667:
639:
609:
597:
596:
227:Constitution
203:Coat of arms
96:Headquarters
2110:Civic Forum
2068:20 February
2036:20 February
1979:20 February
1780:20 February
1722:20 February
1488:2 September
1456:2 September
1428:2 September
1399:1 September
1370:1 September
1341:1 September
1312:1 September
1274:1 September
1240:1 September
1108:Čarnogurský
814:during the
678:sociologist
654:riot police
622:Civic Forum
494:(Slovensko)
294:Legislature
280:Robert Fico
2084:Categories
2011:2015-02-20
1774:0742553086
1116:References
1032:1,262,278
977:1,104,125
614:Bratislava
309:Peter Žiga
271:Government
116:Liberalism
100:Bratislava
1929:13 August
1838:13 August
1693:13 August
1639:13 August
1603:The Times
1544:13 August
1192:13 August
1022:Position
967:Position
927:in 1994.
786:Fedor Gál
751:Milan Čič
681:Fedor Gál
674:Ján Budaj
522:Districts
492:Slovakia
454:(Hlas–SD)
393:European
325:elections
259:President
253:Executive
152:Elections
78:Dissolved
64:Ján Budaj
60:Fedor Gál
1952:NewsBank
1899:NewsBank
1878:NewsBank
1808:NewsBank
1748:NewsBank
1662:NewsBank
1608:NewsBank
1567:NewsBank
1511:NewsBank
1104:Mečiar I
1095:48 / 150
1087:991,285
1077:Cabinet
1040:33 / 150
985:19 / 150
652:. After
648:rule in
618:Slovakia
111:Ideology
1019:Places
517:Regions
433:Parties
323:Recent
305:Speaker
70:Founded
1771:
1148:
1090:29,35
1074:Place
1071:Seats
1016:Seats
964:Place
961:Seats
662:Prague
602:Slovak
445:(Smer)
198:Anthem
132:Centre
56:Leader
1065:Vote
1062:Year
1035:11,9
1010:Vote
1007:Year
980:10,4
955:Vote
952:Year
858:Split
711:with
486:(KDH)
478:(SaS)
462:(SNS)
2070:2015
2038:2015
1981:2015
1931:2014
1840:2014
1782:2015
1769:ISBN
1724:2015
1695:2014
1641:2014
1546:2014
1490:2014
1458:2014
1430:2014
1401:2014
1372:2014
1343:2014
1314:2014
1276:2014
1242:2014
1194:2014
1146:ISBN
1100:1st
1083:1990
1045:3rd
1028:1990
990:3rd
973:1990
806:and
676:and
470:(PS)
415:2024
410:2019
405:2014
400:2009
384:2024
379:2019
374:2014
369:2009
353:2023
348:2020
343:2016
338:2012
213:Seal
208:Flag
757:as
731:as
660:in
610:VPN
2086::
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1989:^
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