312:
114:
677:
268:
Members of the genus are typically small to medium in size. The general shape of the shell is roughly circular to roughly triangular, and both valves are strongly convex in shape. The beak (the oldest portion of the valve closest to the hinge) is incurved rather than flat. The foramen (the opening
368:
Williams, A.; Brunton, C. H. C.; Carlson, S. J.; Alvarez, F.; Blodgett, R. B.; Boucot, A. J.; Copper, P.; Dagys, A. S.; Grant, R. E.; Jin, Y.-G.; MacKinnon, D. I.; Mancenido, M. O.; Owen, E. F.; Rong, J.-Y.; Savage, N. M.; Sun, D.-L. (2002).
518:
Brezinski, David K.; Kollar, Albert D. (15 July 2021). "Lithofacies and Fauna of the
Loyalhanna Limestone (Chesterian, Upper Mississippian) and Their Implications for its Origin in the Appalachian Basin".
636:
718:
554:
Jin, Y. G.; Wang, Y.; Sun, D. L.; Shi, Q. (1985). "Late
Paleozoic and Triassic brachiopods from the east of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau".
252:
beds in North
America, Asia, Europe, western Australia, New Zealand,and New Zealand. The genus was particularly widespread in the
711:
445:
Butts, Susan H. (January 2007). "Solicified carboniferous (Chesterian) Brachiopoda of the Arco Hills
Formation, Idaho".
113:
474:"Post-Kellwasser event recovery and diversification of phacopid trilobites in the early Famennian (Late Devonian)"
747:
704:
458:
742:
737:
604:
384:
Wallace, Peigi (October 1978). "Homeomorphy between
Devonian brachiopod communities in France and Iowa".
649:
393:
342:
426:
Waterhouse, J. B. (1982). "New
Zealand Permian brachiopod systematics, zonation, and paleoecology".
317:
257:
241:
178:
536:
495:
108:
654:
641:
688:
582:
528:
485:
454:
401:
350:
397:
346:
333:
Weller, S. (1910). "Internal characters of some
Mississippian rhynchonelliform shells".
676:
405:
237:
165:
155:
269:
through which the animal's pedicle or foot was extended) is large and oval in shape./
731:
540:
499:
198:
67:
627:
42:
684:
307:
233:
145:
87:
52:
490:
473:
125:
92:
621:
532:
245:
82:
77:
62:
57:
47:
32:
354:
249:
226:
97:
72:
36:
253:
135:
598:
556:
Paleontology and
Stratigraphy of Western Sichuan and Eastern Xizang
587:
570:
229:
602:
571:"Carboniferous formations and faunas of central Montana"
459:
10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[48:SCCBOT]2.0.CO;2
692:
428:
New
Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin
513:
511:
509:
371:
611:
421:
419:
417:
415:
712:
8:
719:
705:
599:
20:
586:
575:U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper
489:
325:
335:Geological Society of America Bulletin
7:
673:
671:
691:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
406:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1978.tb01878.x
14:
373:. Vol. 4. pp. 921β1688.
675:
310:
112:
244:. Specimens have been found in
1:
16:Extinct genus of brachiopod
764:
670:
521:Annals of Carnegie Museum
211:
206:
109:Scientific classification
107:
23:
491:10.3140/bull.geosci.1727
478:Bulletin of Geosciences
447:Journal of Paleontology
236:belonging to the order
687:-related article is a
650:Paleobiology Database
569:Easton, W.H. (1962).
533:10.2992/007.087.0203
558:. pp. 182β249.
398:1978Letha..11..259W
355:10.1130/GSAB-21-497
347:1910GSAB...21..497W
318:Paleontology portal
258:Lower Mississippian
472:Feist, R. (2019).
700:
699:
665:
664:
605:Taxon identifiers
299:
291:
283:
218:
217:
202:
755:
748:Brachiopod stubs
721:
714:
707:
679:
672:
658:
657:
645:
644:
632:
631:
630:
600:
593:
592:
590:
566:
560:
559:
551:
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515:
504:
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493:
469:
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423:
410:
409:
381:
375:
374:
365:
359:
358:
330:
320:
315:
314:
313:
297:
289:
287:P. quinqueplecis
282:Jin and Shi 1979
281:
197:
190:
177:
117:
116:
102:
39:
29:Temporal range:
21:
763:
762:
758:
757:
756:
754:
753:
752:
728:
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726:
725:
668:
666:
661:
653:
648:
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635:
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620:
607:
597:
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568:
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563:
553:
552:
548:
517:
516:
507:
471:
470:
466:
444:
443:
439:
425:
424:
413:
383:
382:
378:
367:
366:
362:
332:
331:
327:
316:
311:
309:
306:
298:Waterhouse 1982
279:P. mazhalaensis
275:
266:
196:
188:
175:
111:
103:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
761:
759:
751:
750:
745:
743:Rhynchonellida
740:
738:Paleozoic life
730:
729:
724:
723:
716:
709:
701:
698:
697:
680:
663:
662:
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646:
633:
617:
615:
609:
608:
603:
595:
594:
561:
546:
505:
464:
437:
411:
392:(4): 259β272.
376:
360:
341:(1): 497β516.
324:
323:
322:
321:
305:
302:
301:
300:
292:
284:
274:
271:
265:
262:
238:Rhynchonellida
216:
215:
209:
208:
204:
203:
186:
182:
181:
173:
169:
168:
166:Rhynchonellida
163:
159:
158:
156:Rhynchonellata
153:
149:
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143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
105:
104:
96:
91:
86:
81:
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71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
40:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
760:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
733:
722:
717:
715:
710:
708:
703:
702:
696:
694:
690:
686:
681:
678:
674:
669:
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651:
647:
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634:
629:
623:
619:
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589:
588:10.3133/pp348
584:
580:
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572:
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510:
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501:
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487:
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479:
475:
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448:
441:
438:
433:
429:
422:
420:
418:
416:
412:
407:
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395:
391:
387:
380:
377:
372:
364:
361:
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340:
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329:
326:
319:
308:
303:
296:
293:
288:
285:
280:
277:
276:
272:
270:
263:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:Petasmariidae
239:
235:
231:
228:
224:
223:
214:
210:
205:
200:
195:
194:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:Petasmariidae
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
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115:
110:
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84:
79:
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69:
64:
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49:
44:
38:
34:
26:
22:
19:
693:expanding it
682:
667:
612:
578:
574:
564:
555:
549:
524:
520:
481:
477:
467:
453:(1): 48β63.
450:
446:
440:
431:
427:
389:
385:
379:
370:
363:
338:
334:
328:
295:P. ardivenus
294:
286:
278:
267:
221:
220:
219:
212:
192:
191:
24:
18:
484:(1): 1β22.
290:Easton 1962
264:Description
240:and family
146:Brachiopoda
732:Categories
685:brachiopod
628:Q110640023
304:References
234:brachiopod
613:Pugnoides
541:237402329
500:219305871
222:Pugnoides
213:See text
193:Pugnoides
132:Kingdom:
126:Eukaryota
25:Pugnoides
622:Wikidata
434:: 7β158.
246:Devonian
207:Species
172:Family:
142:Phylum:
136:Animalia
122:Domain:
33:Devonian
642:1282559
394:Bibcode
386:Lethaia
343:Bibcode
273:Species
250:Permian
227:extinct
185:Genus:
162:Order:
152:Class:
37:Permian
539:
498:
254:Visean
225:is an
201:, 1910
199:Weller
683:This
655:28844
637:IRMNG
537:S2CID
527:(2).
496:S2CID
230:genus
689:stub
43:Preκ
583:doi
579:348
529:doi
486:doi
455:doi
402:doi
351:doi
260:).
248:to
232:of
734::
652::
639::
624::
581:.
577:.
573:.
535:.
525:87
523:.
508:^
494:.
482:94
480:.
476:.
451:81
449:.
432:48
430:.
414:^
400:.
390:11
388:.
349:.
339:21
337:.
93:Pg
720:e
713:t
706:v
695:.
591:.
585::
543:.
531::
502:.
488::
461:.
457::
408:.
404::
396::
357:.
353::
345::
256:(
189:β
176:β
98:N
88:K
83:J
78:T
73:P
68:C
63:D
58:S
53:O
48:κ
35:β
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