99:
stone tools dating around 2000 years ago and another settlement phase around 900 years ago just prior to the first mound phase was constructed. ". The first mound phase was a 65x50 meter large and 3 meter high platform of outlined by stones on edge and this was subsequently added in height with a most recent modification in the 16th century when sunken walkways was added on the East and West side of the mound. The excavators have interpreted the mound as an important central place and ceremonial site tied to the stratification of the Samoan society. After examining the radiocarbon data found from charcoal in several sites in Samoa including the
Pulemelei Mound, have found that the earth ovens, were used for cooking the root of the ti plant (
57:
probably constructed sometime between 1100–1400 AD and was no longer used by 1700–1800 AD. The mound was constructed with a base platform made of volcanic stones, and appears to be built on vertically placed foundations stones. On top of the base stone there are three platforms on top of each other, with vertical or slightly sloping side walls. The top platform surface was level and paved with rounded stream stones, and more than 40 stone cairns were found of recent origin distributed on the top. Local informants provided that the stone piles were built when the mound was cleared of vegetation.
22:
98:
After removal of the secondary canopy a digital map was created to allow detailed description of the mound and expose whatever degree of structural degeneration it may have. Extensive excavation and radiocarbon dating revealed that there was a settlement under the mound featuring potsherds, ovens and
106:
During the second half of the Samoan "Dark Age" (700–1000 AD) there is stronger evidence for human activity in the
Pulemelei area. Through more radiocarbon dating the researchers also determined that "the addition of the top platform is likely to be contemporary with the construction of the Umu ti
56:
stones and at its base measures 65 by 60 metres (213 ft × 197 ft) and has a height of about 12 metres (39 ft) on the south edge and 7 metres (23 ft) on the north edge, and appears to have been oriented to the cardinal directions. Excavations have revealed that it was
94:
under supervision of the landowners Nelson inc. The purpose of the excavation was to understand the chronology of the mound and surrounding settlement and its relationship to the origin and development of the
Polynesian chiefdoms and stratification in Samoa.
147:"Samoa Observer Latest breaking news articles, photos, video, blogs, reviews, analysis, opinion and reader comment from Samoa and around the World Latest samoan news articles, photos, video, world, sport, technology, opinion, editorial, manu samoa"
377:
362:
146:
82:
Archeological work at the
Pulemelei Mound was conducted during 3 field season 2002–2004 by Dr. Helene Martinsson-Wallin (leader of excavation) and Dr. Paul Wallin of
372:
285:
150:
323:
204:
126:
87:
226:
103:) and cooked at high temperature becomes edible. Researchers believe the plant could have been used in ritual ceremonies.
315:
367:
260:
272:
37:) is the largest and most ancient structure in the Samoan Islands. It is situated in Letolo Plantation in the
121:
74:
in 1977–1978 recorded 3000 features including stone platforms, stone fences, pathways and earth ovens.
21:
248:
116:
100:
382:
71:
83:
356:
310:
261:
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A280935&dswid=-9689
42:
338:
325:
273:
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A926756&dswid=-828
172:
203:
Wallin, Helene
Martinsson; Clark, Geoffrey; Wallin, Paul (October 2003).
38:
286:"A Radiocarbon Sequence for Samoan Prehistory and the Pulemelei Mound"
91:
53:
249:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20705622?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
46:
20:
284:
Wallin, Paul; Martinsson-Wallin, Helene; Clark, Geoffrey (2007).
107:
and the pavement/house on the south side of the
Pulemelei mound.
378:
Buildings and structures demolished in the 18th century
363:
Buildings and structures completed in the 12th century
205:"Archaeological Investigations at the Pulemelei Mound"
311:The Pulemelei project, Savai’i (Hawaiki), Samoa.
8:
198:
196:
194:
52:The stone mound is a pyramid constructed of
61:Archaeological survey and investigations
316:Events at the Kon-Tiki Museum Pulemelei
138:
7:
90:and plus twenty men from the nearby
78:2002–2004 Archaeological excavations
149:. Samoaobserver.ws. Archived from
14:
227:"Apps – Access My Library – Gale"
127:Falemata'aga - Museum of Samoa
88:Australian National University
86:and Dr. Geoffrey Clark of the
1:
373:Archaeological sites in Samoa
259:Martinsson-Wallin et al 2007
41:district, at the east end of
399:
70:Archaeological surveys by
25:View from Pulemelei Mound
16:Ancient Samoan structure
271:Martinsson-Wallin 2016
339:13.73500°S 172.32444°W
290:Archaeology in Oceania
122:Early history of Tonga
26:
344:-13.73500; -172.32444
35:Tia Seu Ancient Mound
24:
247:Jennings et al 1982
177:World Monuments Fund
153:on 27 September 2011
117:Archaeology in Samoa
368:Pyramids in Oceania
335: /
229:. Access My Library
101:Cordyline fruticosa
27:
173:"Pulemelei Mound"
390:
350:
349:
347:
346:
345:
340:
336:
333:
332:
331:
328:
298:
297:
281:
275:
269:
263:
257:
251:
245:
239:
238:
236:
234:
223:
217:
216:
209:Rapa Nui Journal
200:
189:
188:
186:
184:
169:
163:
162:
160:
158:
143:
72:Gregory Jackmond
66:1977–1978 Survey
398:
397:
393:
392:
391:
389:
388:
387:
353:
352:
343:
341:
337:
334:
329:
326:
324:
322:
321:
307:
302:
301:
283:
282:
278:
270:
266:
258:
254:
246:
242:
232:
230:
225:
224:
220:
202:
201:
192:
182:
180:
171:
170:
166:
156:
154:
145:
144:
140:
135:
113:
84:Kon-Tiki Museum
80:
68:
63:
33:(also known as
31:Pulemelei mound
17:
12:
11:
5:
396:
394:
386:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
355:
354:
319:
318:
313:
306:
305:External links
303:
300:
299:
276:
264:
252:
240:
218:
190:
164:
137:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
124:
119:
112:
109:
79:
76:
67:
64:
62:
59:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
395:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
358:
351:
348:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
304:
295:
291:
287:
280:
277:
274:
268:
265:
262:
256:
253:
250:
244:
241:
228:
222:
219:
214:
210:
206:
199:
197:
195:
191:
178:
174:
168:
165:
152:
148:
142:
139:
132:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
110:
108:
104:
102:
96:
93:
89:
85:
77:
75:
73:
65:
60:
58:
55:
50:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
320:
293:
289:
279:
267:
255:
243:
231:. Retrieved
221:
212:
208:
181:. Retrieved
176:
167:
155:. Retrieved
151:the original
141:
105:
97:
81:
69:
51:
34:
30:
28:
18:
342: /
330:172°19′28″W
215:(2): 81–84.
357:Categories
133:References
45:island in
327:13°44′6″S
296:: 71–82.
183:2 August
111:See also
383:Palauli
43:Savai'i
39:Palauli
92:Vailoa
54:basalt
233:4 May
179:. WMF
157:4 May
47:Samoa
235:2016
185:2014
159:2016
29:The
359::
294:42
292:.
288:.
213:17
211:.
207:.
193:^
175:.
49:.
237:.
187:.
161:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
