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both the upper and lower levels of the car. Effectively, they are open sections with walls, a door, and a built-in access ladder for the upper berth (which doubles as a nightstand for the lower berth passenger). Superliner Deluxe
Bedrooms are essentially the same as historic Compartments and Double Bedrooms, with the toilet cubicle doubling as a private shower cubicle. In addition, each Superliner sleeping car has two special lower-level accommodations, each taking up the full width of the car: the Accessible Bedroom, at the restroom/shower end of the car (below the Deluxe Bedrooms), is a fully wheelchair-accessible accommodation for two, with a roll-in cubicle for the toilet and shower; the Family Bedroom, at the Economy Bedroom end of the car, accommodates two adults and up to three small children, without private toilet or shower facilities.
334:
580:
778:
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like
Kazakhstan and Russia, locally-produced cars are purchased regularly to update the fleet, with newly introduced comforts such as showers, dry toilets, or conditioning units in passenger compartments becoming an increasingly common sight; Russian Railroads have also introduced double-deck sleeper cars; yet comfort levels still suffer from a modest degree of innovation in the bogie suspension systems and the passenger compartment design. Some other post-Soviet nations rely more heavily on the rolling stock fleet inherited from the Union, to a large extent based on vintage life-prolonged cars assembled in
1614:
699:
368:. The majority of Pullman Porters were African Americans. While still a menial job in many respects, Pullman offered better pay and security than most jobs open to African Americans at the time, in addition to a chance for travel, and it was a well regarded job in the African-American community of the time. The Pullman attendants, regardless of their true name, were traditionally referred to as "George" by the travelers, the name of the company's founder, George Pullman. The Pullman company was the largest employer of African Americans in the United States.
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288:
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sleeping cars, standard in the
Eastern Bloc. They were replaced by Grivița-made WLABmee 71-70 and Hansa-made WLABmee 71–31, bought second-hand from Deutsche Bahn. The most recent sleeping cars are the WLABmee 70-91 made by Astra Arad, which is the same type used by Astra Rail (although the liveries differ), starting from 2014, 2 of the WLABmee 71-70 cars were refurbished, but no other examples have received the same treatment. Other examples that have been withdrawn since were second-hand examples of the TEN MU and T2S types.
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parent company, Pullman
Incorporated, controlling the Pullman Company (which owned and operated sleeping cars) and the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company. Due to an antitrust verdict in 1947, a consortium of railroads bought the Pullman Company from Pullman Incorporated, and subsequently railroads owned and operated Pullman-made sleeping cars themselves. Pullman-Standard continued manufacturing sleeping cars and other passenger and freight railroad cars until 1980.
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836:, on the other hand, night trains are to this day a prime method of railway travel, as a shift towards faster daytime trains with seating rather than sleeping arrangements is hampered by insufficient investments in the railway infrastructure restricting the speed, lack of train sets, and most importantly, the distances involved. While certain numbers of high-speed trains have been acquired by the national railways of these countries (such as
2651:
54:
921:, an all-sleeping-car train. It leaves Paris from the Gare d'Austerlitz in mid-evening and arrives in Nice at about 8 in the morning, providing both first-class rooms and couchette accommodation. The train's principal popularity is with older travelers; it has not won the same degree of popularity with younger travelers. Recently, the upper-class coaches (wagons lits) have been sold to foreign railroad companies, so that only
186:
429:
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980:(599 km) usually lasts 11 hours 20 minutes when there are no delays. Most night trains in Romania cross the country, covering distances of 400 to 750 km, usually to end at certain international destinations or in large cities at opposite ends of the country. The overwhelming majority of night trains with sleeping coaches are owned and operated by
1289:" (formerly "Economy Bedrooms" or "Standard Bedrooms") for one or two travelers; plus a beverage area and a toilet. The lower level contains more Roomettes; a Family Bedroom for as many as two adults and two children; and an "Accessible Bedroom" (formerly "Special Bedroom") for a wheelchair-using traveler and a companion; plus toilets and a shower.
500:
are staggered vertically, with every second accommodation raised a few feet above the car's floor level, in order to make slightly more efficient use of the space. Single-passenger
Slumbercoach accommodations are a particularly spartan form of roomette; Slumbercoaches also included a few two-passenger units.
1292:
The
Viewliner cars contain an Accessible Bedroom (formerly "Special Bedroom") for a wheelchair-using traveler and a companion, with an enclosed toilet-and-shower facility; two Bedrooms (formerly "Deluxe Bedrooms") for one, two, or three travelers, each Bedroom containing an enclosed toilet-and-shower
499:
in a private cubicle of its own), and a washbasin. When a traditional
Roomette is in night mode, the bed blocks access to the toilet. Like open sections, Roomettes are placed on both sides of the car, with a corridor down the center. Duplex Roomettes, a Pullman-produced precursor to the Slumbercoach,
656:
In
Eastern Europe, night trains are still widely used. In Western Europe, they have been in decline for decades. However, in December 2020 the state railways of Germany, Austria, France and Switzerland announced a 500 million euro investment in a network of cross-border night trains linking 13 major
652:
In modern Europe, a number of sleeping car services continue to operate, though they face strong competition from high-speed day trains and budget airlines, sometimes leading to the cancellation or consolidation of services. In some cases, trains are split and recombined in the dead of night, making
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Economy
Bedrooms (now called Superliner Roomettes, although they are structurally closer to open sections) accommodate two passengers in facing seats that fold out into a lower berth, with an upper berth that folds down from above, a small closet, and no in-room washbasin or toilet, on both sides of
532:
A Drawing Room is a relatively rare accommodation for three people traveling together, again with a washbasin and private toilet, again on one side of the car. Even rarer are larger rooms accommodating four or more; generally the needs of large parties were better served with multiple rooms, with or
851:
The need to compete against aviation with its soaring passenger numbers forces the railroads to maintain modest ticket prices, starting at below 10 Euros for third-class tickets in
Ukraine, if higher in the richer ex-Soviet nations. Rolling stock age and quality also varies by country. In countries
675:, the co-owner of Le Monde newspaper. However, the project later collapsed due in part to a lack of funding. Europe has seen a recent (in 2021) increase in the provision of sleeper trains which is thought to be the result of increasing awareness of the environmental effects of long-distance travel.
474:
In the mid-to-late 20th century, an increasing variety of private rooms was offered. Most of these rooms provided significantly more space than open-section accommodations could offer. Open-sections were increasingly phased out in the 1950s, in favor of roomettes. Some of them, such as the rooms of
872:
rolling stock. Croatian sleeping coaches include single, double or 4-bed compartments with washbasin and many additional hygienic accessories. Passengers also have catering services at their disposal and are given complimentary breakfast, depending on the type of ticket bought. A night train with
303:
Pullman cars were normally a dark "Pullman green", although some were painted in the host railroad's colors. The cars carried individual names, but usually did not carry visible numbers. In the 1920s, the Pullman Company went through a series of restructuring steps, which in the end resulted in a
1006:
CFR today prefers operating more couchettes than sleeping cars in its trains, a practice used in Italy and Austria, adopted by the CFR in the early 2010s, thus enabling it to increase the capacity on sleeping trains. The sleeping cars of the CFR in the 1990s consisted of Bautzen and Görlitz-made
523:
Compartments and Double Bedrooms are private rooms for two passengers, with upper and lower berths, washbasins, and private toilets, placed on one side of the car, with the corridor running down the other side (thus allowing the accommodation to be slightly over two thirds the width of the car).
440:
From the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries, the most common and more economical type of sleeping car accommodation on North American trains was the "open section". Open-section accommodations consist of pairs of seats, one seat facing forward and the other backward, situated on either side of a
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are sleeper/couchette cars. With railways as one of the primary mode of passenger transport, sleeper cars vary from economical to First Class AC (air conditioned). Most Indian trains come in combinations of first class A/C and non-A/C private sleeper cars with doors, and A/C 3-tier or 2-tier
1284:
In the most common Superliner sleeping car configuration, the upper level is divided into two halves, one half containing "Bedrooms" (formerly "Deluxe Bedrooms") for one, two, or three travelers, each Bedroom containing an enclosed toilet-and-shower facility; and the other half containing
1205:). These services offer a choice of single- or double-occupancy bedrooms. These services operate all week, except Saturdays and usually depart London (Euston and Paddington) in the evening, arriving at their destinations at approximately 08:00. The Night Riviera service uses
801:
and many outlying cities being ideal for overnight trips that depart in late evening and arrive at their destinations in the morning. Sleeping cars with berths are the only reasonable solution for railway trips lasting several days (e.g., trains running along the
671:, announced plans to set up a network of sleeper trains, centered in Paris. Planned destinations include Edinburgh, Copenhagen, Berlin, Venice, Rome, Barcelona, Madrid, and Porto, with some intermediate stops. The plans were backed by telecoms billionaire
243:
run by the various railroads; there were also some sleeping cars that were operated by Pullman but owned by the railroad running a given train. During the peak years of American passenger railroading, several all-Pullman trains existed, including the
690:– discussed plans to reshape sleeping cars for flow production. The ADLNE project aims to create the railcar from modules that are themselves composed of interchangeable segments, compartments and fittings, allowing bespoke designs at low cost.
553:
sleeping cars were built, the accommodations were patterned after the Superliner accommodations, except that the Economy Bedrooms (or "Viewliner Roomettes") include Roomette-style washbasins and toilets, as well as windows for the upper berths.
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at speeds of up to 250 km/h (160 mph), one of the fastest sleeper trains in the world. A new variant of CRH2E consists of double level bunk capsules in lieu of sleeping berths. These trains have been dubbed "moving hotels".
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facility; "Roomettes" (formerly "Economy Bedrooms", "Standard Bedrooms", or "Compartments") for one or two travelers, each Roomette containing its own unenclosed toilet and washing facilities; and a shower room at the end of the car.
975:
Night train numbers have been reduced significantly, as the quality of the rail infrastructure is declining and repairs are insufficient, which leads to longer ride times between cities. A journey from the Bucharest main station to
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in the South Main Line. The 7A-2000 class were a group of 5 single-level cars that were decommissioned after being involved in the fatal 2004 Padre Burgos derailment. On the other hand, the 14 class were a group of bilevel-style
455:
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it possible to offer several connections with a relatively small number of trains. Generally, the trains consist of sleeping cars with private compartments, couchette cars, and sometimes cars with normal seating.
216:– one of the United States' first makers of railway passenger coach equipment – produced America's first specifically designed sleeping car. Canadian railways soon followed with their own sleeping cars: first the
909:. ČD operates them on the Prague - Leipzig - Zürich line, Prague - Linz - Zürich line, Prague - Humenné line and others. RegioJet provides them on various trains on the Prague - Košice line.
483:
and first put into service in 1956, were triumphs of miniaturization. These allowed a single car to increase the number of sleepers over a conventional sleeping car of private rooms.
1333:. The middle level bunk bed will be folded and top level bunk bed will still be sold as sleeper, while the lower bed will be occupied by three passengers. Chinese trains also offer
1570:
operated a number of 7A-2000 and 14 class sleeper cars between 1999 and 2013. These units were first built for the Japanese National Railways in 1974 as 14 series passenger cars
383:. Because they moved about the country, Pullman porters also became an important means of communication for news and cultural information of all kinds. The African-American
2701:
Pullman Sleeping Cars add Comfort to Overnight Travel, description, with illustrations, contrasting the roomettes, bedrooms, double bedrooms, drawing rooms and compartments
664:, which is divided into compartments for four or six people, with bench-configuration seating during the day and "privacyless" double- or triple-level bunk beds at night.
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64:
1118:. The train runs through Turkey as a single train and later splits in Bulgaria. Formerly, overnight trains departed Istanbul to several European destinations such as
333:
239:, founded as the Pullman Palace Car Company in 1867, owned and operated most sleeping cars in the United States until the mid-20th century, attaching them to
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1230:, using a mixture of relatively new cars and refurbished mid-century ones; the latter cars include both private rooms and "open section" accommodations.
458:
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In the Soviet Union overnight train travel formed the most common and accessible mode of long-distance travel, distances between the capital of
495:, in the historically correct sense of the word, is a private room for a single passenger, containing a single seat, a folding bed, a toilet (
376:
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281:
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Japan once had many sleeping car trains, but most have been abolished because of the development of air travel, overnight bus services and
579:
224:. The Great Western's sleeping cars were manufactured in-house, with the first three built in 1858, and the railway operating six by 1863.
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class, but are misinterpreted as sleeper trains by mainstream media. There are two generations of Luxury class cars. The rental cars,
2009:
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445:", each berth consisting of a bed screened from the aisle by a curtain. A famous example of open sections can be seen in the movie
287:
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617:(French for "International Sleeping Car Company") first focused on sleeping cars, but later operated whole trains, including the
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Since then, the railroads in the smaller ex-Soviet nations have largely transitioned to daytime intercity trains, such as in
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One unanticipated consequence of the rise of Pullman cars in the US in the 19th and early 20th centuries was their effect on
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1000:
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in Ukraine), all of them continue to operate a large number of sleeper trains both on domestic and international routes.
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the United States government banned sleeping cars for runs of less than 450 miles (720 km). The development of the
1254:. Amtrak offers sleeping cars on most of its overnight trains, using modern cars of the private-room type exclusively.
1103:
524:
Frequently, these accommodations have movable partitions allowing adjacent accommodations to be combined into a suite.
1700:
1674:
338:
209:
116:
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where it operated International Sud-Express and Lusitanea services between Spain and Portugal, and by its subsidiary
80:
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Sleeping cars from Argentina, USA, Scotland, Austria, Spain, Germany, Syria, Malaysia in interactive 360° Panoramas
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925:(1st and 2nd class) and seating coaches remain. The Train Bleu is part of the French night service network called
508:
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1940:
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The first such cars saw sporadic use on American and English railways in the 1830s; they could be configured for
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2019:
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806:, or direct trains from Moscow or Saint Petersburg to the capitals of the Central Asian Soviet Republics).
413:
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171:
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992:, has started offering sleeping train services, using own-made sleeping cars and Servtrans locomotives.
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1592:
769:. The services usually leave at around 20:00 hours and arrive at around 09:00 hours at the destination.
261:
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1996:
NRHS Bulletin, Summer 2006, Tom Smith, "The Budd Slumbercoach Brings Economy to Pullman Passengers"
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operates an extensive network of conventional sleeper trains throughout the country, covering all
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operates an extensive network of trains with sleeping cars, especially between the main cities in
2778:
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1922:
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between its launch in 1967 and 1995, when the last berth ("couchette") cars were decommissioned.
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817:, which operates a train factory in Minsk, or in Uzbekistan, which has established a 600 km
380:
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Railway porters fought for political recognition and were eventually unionized. Their union, the
143:
that can accommodate all passengers in beds of one kind or another, for the purpose of sleeping.
1454:
1071:
would eventually be reintroduced. This marked the end of sleeper trains in Portugal and it left
594:
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1890:
1884:
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1968:
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sleeping cars, built in the mid-1990s. Superliners are used on most long-distance routes from
1064:
869:
394:
365:
76:
2226:"Lůžkové a lehátkové spoje ČD – pohodlné noční cestování vlakem po Evropě | České dráhy"
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center aisle. The seat pairs can be converted into the combination of an upper and a lower "
433:
389:
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1998:
https://web.archive.org/web/20101128033028/http://srmduluth.org/Exhibits/SlumberCoaches.pdf
1804:
649:). Today it once again specializes in sleeping cars, along with onboard railroad catering.
2841:
1939:
Editors of Publications International, 'How Stuff Works,' 'Railroads During World War II'
1811:
1706:
1485:
1270:
1068:
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sleeping carriages included operates on the route between the two largest Croatian towns,
837:
668:
240:
236:
227:
The man who ultimately made the sleeping car business profitable in the United States was
42:
917:
Another of the more substantial examples of current European sleeping-car service is the
813:, where the process is based on government-funded purchases of rolling stock supplied by
2650:
2239:
1238:
189:
The first American sleeping car, the "Chambersburg" started service on the CVRR in 1839.
182:, England. The bed carriage was first made available to first-class passengers in 1838.
2816:
2736:
2014:
1755:
1655:
1541:
The successor to the Indonesian State Railways, PT Kereta Api Indonesia, operates some
1534:
948:
944:
878:
766:
619:
328:
266:
228:
144:
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advertisement "The Kid in Upper 4." This ad depicts an open section of a sleeping car.
2967:
2938:
2917:
2821:
2705:
2254:"Renfe suprime el tren nocturno que Greta Thunberg eligió como opción más sostenible"
1828:
1760:
1684:
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1584:
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per compartment, which can be converted into seats in peak season, especially during
1314:
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1201:
1177:
In the United Kingdom, a network of trains with sleeping cars operates daily between
1072:
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977:
964:
922:
703:
661:
631:
205:. A couple of years later a second car, the "Carlisle", was introduced into service.
38:
1886:
Trains and Technology: the American Railroad in the Nineteenth Century. Vol. 2, Cars
1250:
In the United States, all regularly scheduled sleeping car services are operated by
17:
2806:
1588:
1508:
1334:
1322:
1192:
1119:
853:
814:
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European cities, in the largest extension of Europe's night network in many years.
625:
480:
476:
462:
357:
316:
308:
197:
pioneered sleeping car service in America with a car named "Chambersburg", between
151:
1488:. As of May 2016, sleeper car trains of regular service in Japan are as follows:
2897:
2876:
2695:
2279:"Renfe no suprimirá definitivamente el tren hotel que une Galicia con Barcelona"
1771:
1261:
sleeping cars, built from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, and the single-level
1053:
738:
730:
672:
397:
bought in the great metropolitan centres, greatly adding to the distribution of
276:
375:(established, 1925), became an important source of strength for the burgeoning
2871:
2851:
2846:
2836:
2826:
2609:
2384:"Essential Guide to Classes of Travel on Indian Railways Trains (with Photos)"
1941:
https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/world-war-ii-railroads2.htm
1732:
825:
678:
In 2022 the design and engineering faculties of three European universities –
185:
179:
2626:
2618:
1578:, and were donated to the Philippines in 1999. They were meant to serve the
1377:
1278:
1262:
1115:
1083:
1032:
technology and sleeping cars developed by the Spanish rail network operator
1017:
890:
882:
584:
567:
550:
384:
1921:. No. 168. Railway and Locomotive Historical Society. pp. 73–75.
886:
428:
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westward, while Viewliners are used on most routes east of Chicago due to
999:
A WLABmee 71-31 car, the standard sleeping car of the CFR, at the defunct
393:, gained a national circulation in this way. Porters also used to re-sell
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2831:
2521:
2517:
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1619:
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1227:
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In Canada, all regularly scheduled sleeping car services are operated by
1196:
1182:
1127:
1123:
1107:
1095:
1067:, although Renfe announced that trains to and from the Spanish region of
906:
754:
746:
714:
492:
2443:
1310:
A double-deck conventional passenger sleeping car of China in April 2006
2952:
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2907:
2796:
2081:
1926:
1471:
1458:
1373:
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1266:
1154:
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833:
810:
762:
750:
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588:
2682:— photographs and short history of a Sleeping Car built in 1929.
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874:
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Modern, air-conditioned sleeping cars and couchette cars are part of
841:
829:
798:
758:
734:
610:
175:
2700:
2366:"China's New High-Speed Sleeper Train is Literally a 'Moving Hotel'"
2010:"Rail giants team up to revive Europe's long-dormant sleeper trains"
1257:
Today, Amtrak operates two main types of sleeping car: the bi-level
1075:
as the last international train service between Portugal and Spain.
710:
2469:
1862:
2408:"Mau naik kereta kelas sleeper - ini harga dan cara beli tiketnya"
1630:
1612:
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332:
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184:
110:
1917:
Greenhill, Ralph (Spring 1993). "Early Sleeping Cars in Canada".
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served by berth carriages, with compartments for up to 6 people.
1591:
were halted in 2013, the 14-class couchettes were stored in the
1135:
1099:
1045:
660:
An example of a more basic type of sleeping car is the European
603:
398:
2709:
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sleeper trains. Sleeper services are operated using high-speed
2607:
Jones, Ben (Spring 2013). "All Aboard... ...The Night Train".
2051:
1954:
The Story of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in Canada
417:
Open section accommodations of a Pullman car in day mode from
47:
2666:
1419:
A 16 car CRH2E sleeper high speed train leaving Beijing South
901:
Sleeping car services in the Czech Republic are operated by
319:
travel in the same decade negatively affected train travel.
881:, and Croatian sleeping coaches are included on the Zagreb-
379:
in the early 20th century, notably under the leadership of
2074:"New night trains are reingniting rail travel in Europe"
1337:
or deluxe sleeping cars with four or two beds per room.
231:, who began by building a luxurious sleeping car (named
1889:. Newark, Del. : University of Delaware Press. p.
1094:
While most of Turkey's overnight trains operate within
745:, and Nightjet's partners will also take passengers to
72:
1078:
The Estrella (Star) is a low-cost night train between
2613:. No. 181. Peterborough: Bauer. pp. 38–44.
364:
culture. Each Pullman car was staffed by a uniformed
2498:
Peadon, Brad (2020). "PNR Passenger Rolling Stock".
162:
Possibly the earliest example of a sleeping car (or
2931:
2885:
2787:
2746:
2240:"Spací vozy - plnohodnotný spánek během vaší cesty"
2047:"How Europe's night trains came back from the dead"
1805:
Philip Berlin Historical Marker – Behind the Marker
432:In 1964, aging open-section Pullman cars waited in
2108:"New network of European sleeper trains announced"
1992:
1990:
1325:in use today is very basic, consisting of 6 fixed
1138:but were all discontinued in the 1990s and 2000s.
533:without the ability to combine them into a suite.
27:Railway passenger car with private sleeping berths
2677:Canadian National Railways Sleeping Car No. 1683
2500:Philippine National Railways Rolling Stock Update
1956:. Toronto: Umbrella Press. pp. 20–23, 39–42.
824:In the larger Soviet Union successor states like
1063:Trenhotel services were discontinued during the
337:Pullman porter making an upper berth aboard the
147:was the American innovator of the sleeper car.
2582:Night Trains: The Rise and Fall of the Sleeper
1407:Interior of the CRH2E sleeper high speed train
1395:Exterior of the CRH2E sleeper high speed train
2721:
2304:"Train fleet - Rolling stock | VIA Rail"
1667:, and the north–south transcontinental train
61:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1321:capitals and many major cities. The Chinese
1021:was a long-distance, high-quality overnight
132:
1912:
1910:
2728:
2714:
2706:
2426:"PT KAI Luncurkan Kereta Sleeper Luxury 2"
2318:"Bombardier ZEFIRO Very High Speed Trains"
1141:A privately operated overnight train, the
1044:(a joint venture between Renfe and French
781:1st class two berth sleeper Kyiv to Moscow
2686:Sleeping in Comfort: Pullman Fundamentals
2662:A. Philip Randolph / Sleeping Car Porters
2518:"10 dead in Philippines train derailment"
2493:
2491:
1209:coaches, whereas Caledonian Sleeper uses
1048:with a 50% share each) when operating in
99:Learn how and when to remove this message
2158:"Getting overnight travel back on track"
1653:'s east–west transcontinental train the
1545:services that are officially called the
988:, the newly founded private operator of
615:Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits
1785:
1157:with an average trip time of 35 hours.
528:Drawing Rooms and Larger Accommodations
2673:— photographs and short history.
984:. Recently, private operators such as
115:Pullman sleeping car, original to the
2671:1910 Heavyweight Pullman Business Car
2101:
2099:
1437:A major portion of passenger cars in
1340:China is the only country to operate
963:Sleeping trains in Poland are run by
667:In 2021 the French start-up company,
282:Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
7:
166:, as it was then called) was on the
2556:The American Railroad Passenger Car
2045:Buckley, Julia (14 December 2020).
1794:Travel in the Twenties and Thirties
598:A long-distance night train at the
405:and the popularity of the artists.
373:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
299:, configured for daytime operation
1861:. January 31, 2011. Archived from
1532:once operated sleeper cars on the
323:Cultural impact of Pullman porters
315:in the 1950s and the expansion of
25:
1557:, have a bedroom for two people.
821:between all of its major cities.
819:Afrosiyob high-speed rail service
291:Interior of a Pullman car on the
119:, on display in Duluth, Minnesota
2649:
2639:
2342:"我国首列时速250公里纵向卧铺动车组下线-南方都市报·奥一网"
1412:
1400:
1388:
504:Compartments and Double Bedrooms
307:For nearly a year at the end of
52:
2156:Burroughs, David (6 May 2021).
1746:Lists of named passenger trains
1036:. It was operated by Renfe and
2646:Sleeping cars (rail transport)
2560:Johns Hopkins University Press
2182:Humphreys, Pat (Feb 6, 2022).
2106:Willsher, Kim (22 June 2021).
1883:Bianculli, Anthony J. (2002).
1832:. June 6, 1927. Archived from
1433:Indian Railways coaching stock
1246:Viewliner sleeping car in 2014
1191:), and between London and the
436:, available for "emergencies".
1:
2918:Troop kitchen / Troop sleeper
2691:Sleeping cars - photo gallery
2657:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2162:International Railway Journal
1975:. Public Broadcasting Service
1001:Belgrade Main railway station
773:Former Soviet Union countries
570:, a single-level sleeping car
513:
512:Pullman private compartment,
418:
347:
1792:Lambert, Anthony J. (1983),
1709:'s long-distance trains the
1587:. After all services to the
1568:Philippine National Railways
537:Modern Amtrak Accommodations
1646:Sleeping cars are used on:
583:Trenhotel Alhambra between
479:" cars manufactured by the
210:Wason Manufacturing Company
193:In the spring of 1839, the
75:, discuss the issue on the
2995:
2184:"ADLNE project newsletter"
1810:December 16, 2008, at the
1477:
1430:
706:double-decker sleeping car
409:Open-section accommodation
326:
293:Chicago and Alton Railroad
214:Springfield, Massachusetts
195:Cumberland Valley Railroad
36:
29:
2584:. London: Profile Books.
2444:"Kereta Wisata Nusantara"
1952:Grizzle, Stanley (1998).
1530:Indonesian State Railways
1466:sleeper car service from
313:Interstate Highway System
272:Illinois Central Railroad
252:New York Central Railroad
117:William Crooks locomotive
2285:(in Spanish). 2020-06-02
2260:(in Spanish). 2020-05-30
1691:services from Sydney to
1364:). Services run between
1207:British Rail Mk3 sleeper
1106:operates one train from
203:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
154:seating during the day.
37:Not to be confused with
2974:Passenger railroad cars
2886:Miscellaneous equipment
2558:. Baltimore, Maryland:
2137:www.midnight-trains.com
1561:Other countries in Asia
1551:kereta wisata Nusantara
1173:double berth in the UK.
793:double-deck sleeper car
172:Grand Junction Railways
168:London & Birmingham
30:For the 1933 film, see
2779:Travelling Post Office
2133:"Where the night dies"
1751:Pullman (car or coach)
1643:
1628:
1475:
1356:trains outfitted with
1311:
1247:
1174:
1003:
804:Trans-Siberian Railway
794:
782:
707:
647:Trans-Siberian railway
620:Simplon-Orient Express
606:
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470:Private Accommodations
466:
437:
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353:
300:
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2648:at Wikimedia Commons
2212:"Locations - Stadler"
1824:"St. Paul 'Pullmans'"
1718:Spirit of the Outback
1634:
1616:
1478:Further information:
1474:with 180 degree views
1457:
1431:Further information:
1309:
1273:issues in and around
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511:
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416:
377:Civil Rights Movement
336:
327:Further information:
290:
262:Pennsylvania Railroad
188:
114:
2470:"Kereta Wisata Jawa"
2191:Transport and Travel
1836:on December 16, 2008
1712:Spirit of Queensland
1635:Sleeping cabin of a
986:Astra Rail Carpatica
941:Ferrovie dello Stato
717:services operate in
600:Oulu railway station
247:20th Century Limited
81:create a new article
73:improve this article
63:may not represent a
18:Pullman sleeping car
2774:Railway post office
2740:passenger equipment
1967:Schoenberg, Loren.
1651:Great Southern Rail
1323:"hard" sleeping car
1025:service which used
955:using train ferry.
885:-Zagreb and Zagreb-
860:back in the 1980s.
346:bound for Chicago,
32:Sleeping Car (film)
2788:Passenger-carrying
2764:Head end power car
2747:Head-end equipment
2322:Railway Technology
2084:. 16 December 2020
1644:
1629:
1555:kereta wisata Jawa
1480:Blue Train (Japan)
1476:
1312:
1248:
1188:Caledonian Sleeper
1175:
1171:Caledonian Sleeper
1011:Spain and Portugal
1004:
990:Astra Vagoane Arad
928:Intercités de Nuit
846:Hyundai Rotem HRCS
795:
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558:Night trains today
521:
467:
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395:phonograph records
381:A. Philip Randolph
354:
301:
220:in 1858, then the
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121:
2961:
2960:
2867:Sleeper / Pullman
2644:Media related to
2569:978-0-8018-2743-3
2026:. 8 December 2020
1865:on March 14, 2012
1617:Sleeping cars on
1577:
1566:Philippines: The
1543:first-class train
1065:COVID-19 pandemic
870:Croatian Railways
109:
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83:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
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235:) in 1865. The
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2578:Martin, Andrew
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2414:. 27 May 2019.
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39:Sleeper (car)
33:
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2979:Night trains
2866:
2678:
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2608:
2581:
2555:
2530:. Retrieved
2528:. 2004-11-12
2512:
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2499:
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2474:kaiwisata.id
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2464:
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2448:kaiwisata.id
2447:
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2429:
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2387:
2378:
2372:. July 2017.
2369:
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2112:The Guardian
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2077:
2068:
2056:. Retrieved
2050:
2040:
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2013:
2004:
1977:. Retrieved
1972:
1962:
1953:
1947:
1935:
1918:
1885:
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1863:the original
1858:
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1834:the original
1827:
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1589:Bicol Region
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1093:
1077:
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900:
867:
854:East Germany
850:
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651:
642:
638:Golden Arrow
636:
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626:Nord Express
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618:
608:
548:
540:
531:
522:
517: 1950s
496:
490:
481:Budd Company
477:Slumbercoach
473:
463:World War II
446:
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422: 1950s
388:
370:
358:civil rights
355:
341:
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255:
245:
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226:
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199:Chambersburg
192:
164:bed carriage
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161:
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134:
128:
125:sleeping car
124:
122:
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86:
62:
2842:Observation
2812:Compartment
2430:Tribun News
2088:16 December
2058:16 December
2030:16 December
1973:www.pbs.org
1772:Waltersburg
1242:Bedroom of
1211:Mk5 coaches
1054:Switzerland
903:České dráhy
739:Netherlands
731:Switzerland
673:Xavier Niel
351: 1944
317:jet airline
277:Super Chief
218:Grand Trunk
2968:Categories
2610:Model Rail
2532:2020-03-28
2412:Kompas.com
2393:2017-09-07
2351:2020-06-07
2327:2020-06-07
2289:2024-02-18
2264:2024-02-18
2142:2024-06-05
2052:CNN travel
1979:5 December
1869:2013-05-23
1840:2008-05-28
1733:Auto Train
1463:Cassiopeia
1342:high-speed
1319:provincial
1259:Superliner
1195:as far as
1015:In Spain,
939:In Italy,
919:Train Bleu
826:Kazakhstan
789:A Russian
713:'s modern
641:, and the
632:Train Bleu
543:Superliner
274:, and the
180:Lancashire
2932:Motorized
2857:Passenger
2822:Couchette
2769:Horse car
2627:173324502
2619:1369-5118
2554:(1985) .
2388:TripSavvy
2370:nextshark
1741:(railcar)
1693:Melbourne
1609:Australia
1524:Indonesia
1518:Takamatsu
1444:couchette
1378:Guangzhou
1362:couchette
1327:bunk beds
1287:Roomettes
1279:Baltimore
1263:Viewliner
1116:Bucharest
1084:Barcelona
1018:Trenhotel
891:EuroNight
883:Stuttgart
838:Talgo 250
765:and the
585:Barcelona
568:Viewliner
551:Viewliner
549:When the
541:Amtrak's
487:Roomettes
385:newspaper
135:wagon-lit
77:talk page
2903:Crew car
2893:Autorack
2862:Roomette
2817:Corridor
2807:Colonist
2580:(2017).
2522:NBC News
2480:24 April
2454:23 April
2196:March 8,
1855:"Firsts"
1808:Archived
1766:Twinette
1726:See also
1701:Brisbane
1675:Adelaide
1673:between
1670:The Ghan
1659:between
1642:in 2013.
1627:in 2015.
1620:The Ghan
1503:Izumoshi
1370:Shanghai
1228:Via Rail
1197:Cornwall
1183:Scotland
1128:Budapest
1124:Belgrade
1108:Istanbul
1096:Anatolia
947:and the
907:RegioJet
889:-Zagreb
755:Slovenia
747:Slovakia
715:Nightjet
645:(on the
493:Roomette
461:'s 1942
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174:between
89:May 2020
71:You may
2953:Railbus
2949:Railcar
2913:Private
2898:Combine
2877:Smoking
2802:Bilevel
2754:Baggage
2544:Sources
2167:22 June
2117:22 June
2082:Reuters
1927:3521636
1604:Oceania
1472:Sapporo
1459:JR East
1374:Beijing
1366:Beijing
1267:Chicago
1155:Austria
1151:Villach
1069:Galicia
1042:Elipsos
971:Romania
893:lines.
864:Croatia
834:Ukraine
815:Stadler
811:Belarus
763:Hungary
751:Croatia
743:Belgium
723:Austria
719:Germany
694:Austria
688:TalTech
589:Granada
566:Amtrak
339:B&O
280:on the
270:on the
260:on the
250:on the
233:Pioneer
158:History
131:(often
129:sleeper
2852:Parlor
2837:Lounge
2827:Dining
2625:
2617:
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2566:
1925:
1897:
1739:Jovita
1697:Casino
1679:Darwin
1661:Sydney
1597:Manila
1547:Luxury
1335:"soft"
1252:Amtrak
1244:Amtrak
1222:Canada
1179:London
1147:Edirne
1132:Warsaw
1090:Turkey
1080:Madrid
1050:France
959:Poland
953:Sicily
913:France
887:Zürich
875:Zagreb
832:, and
830:Russia
799:Moscow
759:Poland
735:France
613:, the
611:Europe
575:Europe
387:, the
366:porter
264:, the
254:, the
176:London
2187:(PDF)
1923:JSTOR
1780:Notes
1665:Perth
1623:near
1514:Tokyo
1499:Tokyo
1468:Tokyo
1450:Japan
1439:India
1427:India
1354:CRH5E
1350:CRH2E
1346:CRH1E
1302:China
1112:Sofia
1098:, in
1073:Celta
1058:Italy
1034:Renfe
1027:Talgo
1023:train
949:South
935:Italy
879:Split
727:Italy
680:Aalto
475:the "
459:NH RR
443:berth
403:blues
152:coach
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2872:Slip
2847:Open
2832:Dome
2667:The
2623:OCLC
2615:ISSN
2586:ISBN
2564:ISBN
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2456:2024
2198:2022
2169:2021
2119:2021
2090:2020
2060:2020
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1663:and
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1277:and
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1100:Asia
1082:and
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877:and
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2020:dpa
1689:XPT
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