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22:
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The pulpit gown (usually black, but in more recent times commercially available in other colors) is connected to academic gowns worn in the medieval universities. It communicates gravity, learned bearing, and presence. The pulpit gown gained popularity in the twentieth century among those
Protestant
1448:
groups recovering their
Reformation connections. The alb came to popular use in the late twentieth century in the post-Vatican II period, when Protestant churches reached back to early church liturgical roots and the emerging ecumenical consensus about worship.
841:), or scarlet red for a King's Chaplain. This practice is sometimes followed by some English Methodists and American Presbyterians, although wearing the more familiar American-style gown, including wearing a black cassock in Roman or Anglican cut.
720:
clergy, its use waned in the 20th century. During that century, there was a general shift toward a less formal religious service; this movement spread across most denominational lines. Rarely is this uniquely
Protestant attire worn by
1056:
The Chief Divine
Service of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church: Explained, and Furnished with Historic Church Melodies for the Preservation of the Liturgical Heritage and for the Advancement of Liturgical Study in the American-Lutheran
242:
The Geneva gown represents the academic training the wearer has attained for the purpose of preaching. The gown has the effect of concealing the person, thereby emphasizing the office instead. In this way, it is a kind of
1126:
The Geneva gown is a black robe, once commonly worn in public by those with academic credentials. The Geneva gown symbolizes scholarly training and learned preaching, a historical value and strength of the
Reformed
958:
churches trend the opposite direction, doing away with distinct ministerial dress altogether. This has the effect of minimizing distinction between pastor and laity, encouraging a casual atmosphere common for the
466:
979:
476:
991:
837:, it is normal for the Geneva gown to be vented (opened at the front), sleeveless, and worn over a cassock. The cassock is usually black, but also comes in blue (as the
1535:
1016:
1474:
32:
1394:
351:
carried the custom from Geneva to
Scotland in the 1570s. This was eventually defined as liturgical dress, and the traditional garment for those in leadership roles.
677:
2286:
1004:
The black preaching-gown worn by the early
Reformed ministers, loose-fitting and with full sleeves. It is still worn by Presbyterians and other Calvinists.
426:
A survey from 1966 records North
American use by denomination. In all cases, the denomination allows for local discretion or makes no official statement:
231:) may wear three velvet bars on each sleeve, or simply wear his academic gown in the pulpit. The velvet panels of the gown's facings match the sleeves.
1266:
374:
peers, and objected that such vestments were a superstitious holdover from medieval
Catholicism. The debate centered around whether vestments were
347:, followed suit. Unlike today, when academic regalia is generally reserved for ceremonies, this would have been the daily dress for the reformers.
526:
596:
576:
1431:
1528:
1326:
1094:
1068:
546:
339:
was the first to wear his black academic gown during the liturgy rather than contemporary clerical dress. Other
Protestant ministers, (esp.
2162:
853:
and spiritual leaders of other non-Christian faiths have fashioned their modern religious garb patterned after the historic Geneva gown.
516:
506:
371:
324:
192:
gowns, is traditionally black, loose fitting with full length bell sleeves. It is often constructed from heavy material and features
1354:"CULTURES OF THE PAST: "The pastor's new clothes": Reclericalisation of Protestant clothing in German-speaking countries since 1970"
344:
66:
234:
Contemporary choir robes are distinct from the Geneva gown, usually made with lighter and colorful fabrics and large open sleeves.
909:
movements are all associated with a renewed interest in premodern liturgical forms. These tend to abandon the Geneva gown for the
1521:
586:
2226:
287:. A lay preacher may wear a preaching scarf. Less typically a minister may wear white gloves when distributing elements of the
2186:
1480:
1240:
2281:
536:
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363:
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906:
667:
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48:
777:
556:
486:
203:
2170:
1545:
1167:"An Argument for the Wider Adoption and Use of Traditional Academic Attire within Roman Catholic Church Services"
1042:. [The gown (from Latin: talaris vestis = ankle-length robe) is the black official dress of the priest.]
992:
10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095847763?p=emailaivcdastofje6&d=/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095847763
927:
churches have officially reintroduced liturgical vestments since the 1970s, a trend termed "reclericalisation".
761:, many whom desire a continuity with the stauncher Protestant stances of the church before the influence of the
2301:
2210:
2060:
1815:
1737:
1110:
924:
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447:
Geneva gown "the rule". Doctors wear their academic gowns. Congregationalists likely to include hood, German
2258:
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456:
442:
99:
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The typical clerical dress of an Anglican minister during the 18th century was a cassock, Geneva gown, and
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869:(1962-65). Ministers abandoning the gown will generally transition to an alb with accompanying
825:
churches, though it seemed to be common during the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries.
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Degreed ministers usually wear academic gown with hood. Others usually wear black pulpit gown.
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and could thus be regulated. Official positions would fluctuate through the reigns of
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2004:
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The alb, related to the ancient tunic, displaced the Geneva gown in certain churches.
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1989:
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1215:"Lutheran and Protest Vestment Practices in the United States and Canada: A Survey"
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where Master's gowns sometimes feature drop sleeves (also called a set-in sleeve).
207:
Presbyterian pastors in Brazil wearing modern gowns of various colors, some adding
119:
935:
765:. In these parishes it is usual for the gown to be worn for preaching, whilst the
311:
2119:
1839:
1810:
1549:
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Gown worn by about 1/6th of ministers. Cassock, surplice and stole more common.
501:
Worn by a majority of ministers. Southern ministers more likely to wear a suit.
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189:
160:
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1953:
1943:
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1721:
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1410:
Theology and Worship – What about all the different clerical vestments?
1089:. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press. 2006. p. 237.
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348:
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216:
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111:
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423:, though it was originally a minister's daily wear in the reformation era.
129:, especially in Reformed churches. The garment in Lutheran churches is the
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Cassock with gown and bands common. Stronger in Northeast than Midwest.
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Gown worn by a majority of ministers. Doctors wear their academic gown.
255:
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1963:
1958:
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and communion trays. Open-front gowns are traditionally worn over the
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1432:"What is United Methodist practice in wearing vestments in worship?"
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A traditional open-front Geneva gown worn over a cassock with white
877:, or abandon distinctive dress altogether, often wearing a typical
749:. For this reason, the gown is sometimes (though rarely) found in "
688:
For historical and theological reasons the gown is most typical of
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The gown gained in popularity in the 20th century, but so did the
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147:
1352:
Bednarek-Gilland, Antje; Eberlein, Hermann - (12 December 2014).
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By convention a minister or lay preacher only wears the gown for
1677:
1503:
Material History of American Religion Project: Ministerial Dress
878:
196:
facings running over the neck and down the front, mimicking the
95:
1517:
571:
Gown worn rarely, except for baptisms. Formal attire the norm.
315:
Andreas Karlstadt first wore the academic gown into his pulpit.
2104:
1476:
A Defense of the Use of the Ministerial Robe in Public Worship
910:
862:
700:
churches, that is those congregations primarily influenced by
461:
Gown "almost entirely" worn, usually over cassock with bands.
15:
1510:— an advice book published in 1950 for young American clergy.
1318:
Christian Worship: A Theological and Historical Introduction
511:
Gown worn in about half the churches. Rising in popularity.
1464:
The Advent of the Use of the Geneva Gown in Public Worship
467:
United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America
279:, with or without a suitcoat. A minister may also wear
40:
551:
Gown worn by about 1/5th of ministers, without bands.
1086:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian church
291:, a practice predating the advent of stainless steel
299:
and sometimes do not include sleeves, especially in
2148:
2095:
2039:
2013:
1982:
1931:
1860:
1735:
1594:
1556:
358:, a controversy broke out over the prescription of
102:for preaching. It is particularly associated with
1241:"Preaching Uniforms; What to Wear in the Pulpit"
1529:
1015:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
29:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1393:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 (
1165:Hargrave, Seamus Addison (21 October 2018).
1536:
1522:
1514:
1063:. Concordia Publishing House. p. 17.
1361:Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica
1321:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 57.
1182:
370:) party preferred black gowns like their
211:. Doctors are entitled to wear arm bands.
67:Learn how and when to remove this message
1267:"Liturgical Dress in the Uniting Church"
477:Presbyterian Church in the United States
428:
1479:by Jeff Myers, a teaching elder of the
1213:Piepkorn, Arthur Carl (November 1966).
971:
712:. Though historically also common with
527:African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
390:instructed black gowns for the pulpit.
1421:Handbook of the Free Church of England
1386:
1297:
1286:
1139:Blacketer, Raymond A. (18 June 2015).
1008:
481:Gown worn by a majority of ministers.
2287:History of clothing (Western fashion)
1347:
1345:
1239:Bruggink, Donald J. (December 1988).
917:, which are seen as more ancient and
817:(bands), sometimes includes a collar.
7:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
611:Gown "almost completely" in disuse.
581:Gown worn by some. Most wear suits.
1488:Why does the minister wear a robe?,
1272:. Assembly Commission on Liturgy: 2
813:The Lutheran talar, worn here with
267:Modern gowns are often worn over a
1171:Transactions of the Burgon Society
821:Use of the gown has also waned in
517:African Methodist Episcopal Church
507:Evangelical United Brethren Church
14:
411:depicted wearing his black talar.
106:churches, while also used in the
547:Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod
20:
2227:Lutheran Hymnal with Supplement
931:Transition to civilian clothing
451:adherents prefer the surplice.
2187:Evangelical Lutheran Hymn-Book
1491:Redeemer Presbyterian Church,
1481:Presbyterian Church in America
1408:Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.):
1282:The origins of the Geneva Gown
793:Gowns are widely used in many
737:An 18th-c. Anglican minister,
601:Gown not usual. Suits common.
1:
1222:Concordia Theological Monthly
2203:Evangelical Lutheran Worship
2195:Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary
1030:jtreiber (22 October 2016).
797:congregations regardless of
781:A colorful robe worn with a
682:Gowns not worn, only suits.
672:Gowns not worn, only suits.
662:Gowns not worn, only suits.
651:Gowns not worn, only suits.
641:Gowns not worn, only suits.
631:Gowns not worn, only suits.
627:American Baptist Association
366:. The more reformed (later,
331:and its prescribed priestly
323:objected to the theology of
215:A minister who has earned a
1115:Presbyterian Mission Agency
1053:Lochner, Friedrich (2020).
1032:"Talar, Beffchen und Stola"
668:Church of Christ, Scientist
577:National Baptist Convention
567:Southern Baptist Convention
537:American Baptist Convention
175:, all wearing their gowns.
43:, discuss the issue on the
2318:
769:is worn for the liturgy.
704:formulations of Christian
557:Lutheran Church in America
541:Worn by 1/4 of ministers.
487:Reformed Church in America
392:
125:It is commonly called the
1567:(known as the Invocation)
1375:(inactive 23 June 2024).
829:Reformed and Presbyterian
145:(choir or chancel robe).
2211:Lutheran Book of Worship
1373:10.5604/20842937.1131972
994:(inactive 27 April 2024)
943:is known for his casual
741:, preaching in his gown.
607:American Lutheran Church
419:in which they deliver a
200:sometimes worn over it.
2259:Service Book and Hymnal
1727:Prayers of the Faithful
1595:The Service of the Word
1469:United Church of Canada
1436:Discipleship Ministries
1141:"The Preaching Uniform"
457:United Church of Canada
443:United Church of Christ
343:), many of them former
1932:Parts of the Sanctuary
1296:Cite journal requires
1184:10.4148/2475-7799.1150
948:
894:
818:
790:
742:
637:Church of the Nazarene
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2235:Lutheran Service Book
945:Hawaiian style shirts
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892:
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780:
736:
407:
395:Vestarian controversy
393:Further information:
364:Book of Common Prayer
329:Roman Catholic Church
314:
258:
251:Accompanying garments
206:
151:
2282:Protestant vestments
1784:Memorial Acclamation
1780:Words of Institution
1579:Declaration of Grace
833:In the Presbyterian
739:Philip Stanhope Dodd
725:or Roman Catholics.
591:Gowns worn by some.
531:Gown normally worn.
372:continental reformed
321:Protestant Reformers
49:create a new article
41:improve this article
31:may not represent a
2219:The Lutheran Hymnal
2179:Common Service Book
1736:The Service of the
1565:Trinitarian formula
1557:Preparatory Service
1315:O'Brien, G (2015).
1111:"Signs and symbols"
939:"America's Pastor"
597:Disciples of Christ
430:
376:a thing indifferent
141:(priest's robe) or
100:Christian ministers
79:Ministerial garment
2292:History of fashion
2040:Liturgical objects
2014:Liturgical vessels
1969:processional cross
1834:Benedicamus Domino
1769:Eucharistic Prayer
1657:Responsorial Psalm
1563:Entrance hymn and
949:
895:
835:Church of Scotland
819:
791:
759:Anglican Communion
743:
617:Churches of Christ
437:Frequency of Wear
429:
413:
317:
265:
213:
177:
2269:
2268:
2171:Christian Worship
2163:Christian Worship
2072:sacramental bread
2047:collection basket
1467:by D.G. Laird, a
1328:978-1-4982-3135-0
1096:978-0-19-866268-6
1070:978-0-7586-6567-6
925:German Protestant
885:Transition to alb
686:
685:
678:Latter-day Saints
647:Assemblies of God
356:Church of England
337:Andreas Karlstadt
77:
76:
69:
51:, as appropriate.
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2243:Lutheran Worship
2150:Liturgical books
2082:sacramental wine
1712:Athanasian Creed
1629:Dominus vobiscum
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839:Flag of Scotland
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723:Eastern Orthodox
621:Gowns not worn.
497:Methodist Church
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345:Catholic priests
153:Reformation Wall
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956:Pentecostal
952:Evangelical
941:Rick Warren
873:, stole or
657:Pentecostal
449:Mercersburg
384:Elizabeth I
180:Description
155:statues of
127:Geneva gown
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1944:altar bell
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967:References
963:movement.
919:ecumenical
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747:neck bands
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325:ordination
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1575:Confiteor
1471:minister.
1381:2084-2937
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702:Calvinist
659:churches
380:Edward VI
360:vestments
349:John Knox
333:vestments
217:doctorate
120:Unitarian
112:Methodist
45:talk page
2135:surplice
2115:dalmatic
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2087:thurible
2021:ciborium
1888:crucifer
1669:Alleluia
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1250:31 March
1011:cite web
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293:chalices
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1964:piscina
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1757:Sanctus
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1653:gradual
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354:In the
307:History
301:Britain
297:cassock
283:and a
273:necktie
245:uniform
238:Purpose
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1917:Priest
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1893:deacon
1878:cantor
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