656:
33:
55:
497:) grew on bark and had a range restricted to woodlands of the Mexican highlands, while the short-form conidia morphs grew on rocks and were widespread in south-central North America, with few occurrences in regions with the long-form morph. They used this dimorphism to distinguish the short-form morph as a distinct species,
647:
a gelatinous appearance. Covering the upper cortex is a thin epicortex, which is continuous even over the pseudocyphellae. The pseudocyphellae are formed from the inside to outside of the thallus. Hyphae in the medulla are organized in circular groups at specific sites of the thallus; these groups of hyphae push the
646:
of plants. Depending on the dimensions of the thallus, the upper cortex is between 3 and 7 cells thick. It comprises three distinct layers: the top layer is made of small rounded cells that contact the epicortex; the lower layer is itself organised into two layers of larger, thicker-walled cells with
838:
region, extending to the southwestern part of the country. The
Culbersons note that in the US, the lichen is only commonly found on trees in the centre of its range, while being largely confined to rock in the peripheries of its range. They suggest that the lichen "is primarily adapted to life on
586:
measures 3.0–14.5 cm (1.2–5.7 in) in diameter. It comprises irregularly branched lobes, often crowded or overlapping, measuring 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 in) wide. The upper thallus surface is blue-grey to greenish-grey, often with brown margins, and usually smooth and without
651:
cells towards the upper cortex—rupturing both cortex and epicortex—and exposing the medulla. The size of the pore gradually increases as the cortical cells around the inside perimeter disintegrate and the medullary hyphae grow into the pore area.
677:, although they are absent or immature in some individuals. They are cup shaped with a brown disc measuring 3–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) in diameter. There are often abundant pseudocyphellae on the folded margins of the apothecia. The
846:
is widely distributed across the northern and central parts of the country. Its range continues south into
Central America. In South America, its distribution includes Argentina and Brazil. In
340:-like species with pseudocyphellae on the thallus surface. Its name was changed again after, in 2001, some of Brouard's collections were rescued from disposal at a local
265:
are uncommon in this species; if present, they resemble small cups with a brown internal disc measuring 3–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) in diameter. A lookalike species,
1335:
Zanetti, Camila
Aparecida; Barbosa, Suzana Bissacot; Adachi, Sérgio Akira; Marcelli, Marcelo Pinto (2017). "Pseudocyphellae ontogeny and thallus anatomy in species of
1756:
1595:
595:
on the thallus surface range in number from occasional to abundant. They are circular to irregularly shaped, measuring 0.03–0.6 by 0.03–0.4 mm. The
1662:
1543:
409:
indicates a dweller or inhabitant, and is usually used to imply the habitat. However, Bouly de
Lesdain noted that the lichen was found growing on
1741:
1453:
1388:
1316:
1148:
1726:
1417:
1245:
Hale, Mason E.; Culberson, William Louis (1970). "A Fourth
Checklist of the Lichens of the Continental United States and Canada".
697:
that are usually like short, translucent rods and have a length of 5–6 by 1 μm; in rare instances the conidia are hooklike (
1077:
Bouly De
Lesdain, M. (1942). "Lichens de l'état de New-Mexico (U.S.A.) recueillis par le Frère G. Arsène Brouard (supplément)".
1746:
736:
in trace amounts. In the medulla, spot test results are K−, KC+ (red), C+ (red), P−, and UV−, indicating the presence of
1600:
1751:
1736:
1731:
518:
275:
by appearance or habitat alone; these species can only be reliably differentiated by examining the length of their
54:
1508:
1115:(Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from roadsides and slopes in the Serra Geral of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"
1050:
693:
can be rare or abundant. They are immersed in the thallus surface, resembling brown to black dots. They produce
623:, as it include individuals both with and without lacinulae. The thallus undersurface ranges in color from pale
615:) on the lobe margins that project out from the surface. Adriano Spielmann and Marcelo Marcelli have noted that
539:
364:
1721:
1208:
534:
discovered that some of
Brouard's collections had been rescued from being disposed at a local (New Mexico)
1470:
1304:
781:
490:
267:
596:
481:
423:
387:
149:
999:
1535:
733:
452:
380:
312:
923:
1169:
1164:
717:
643:
543:
360:
287:
1587:
839:
rock, extending substrate tolerance to bark only under the most favorable ecological conditions".
546:
dam, thus at the same time and place as some of the specimens on which the species description of
1716:
1262:
1054:
947:
721:
713:
705:
447:
250:
179:
49:
1223:
655:
32:
1688:
1649:
1608:
1517:
1449:
1423:
1413:
1384:
1312:
1144:
1136:
769:
551:
472:
468:
435:
376:
336:
325:
321:
307:
295:
246:
1693:
1613:
1356:
1348:
1254:
1204:
1046:
1007:
981:
939:
531:
170:
890:
635:
620:
383:
96:
344:. Among this material were duplicates of the original collection that used the original
1530:
985:
737:
592:
391:
372:
345:
299:
258:
234:
638:
is paraplenctenchymatous; this means that it is made of a type of tissue in which the
1710:
1110:
805:
1058:
442:, and his collections were destroyed. After the loss of the type material, the name
1654:
1522:
943:
835:
831:
624:
439:
242:
116:
1309:
Lichens of Mexico. The
Parmeliaceae – Keys, distribution and specimen descriptions
611:
are absent in this species, but sometimes the lichen forms lobules – small lobes (
1640:
1493:
1408:". In Nash III, T.H.; Ryan, B.D.; Diederich, P.; Gries, C.; Bungartz, F. (eds.).
1352:
1582:
1556:
1502:
886:
847:
725:
502:
418:
216:
106:
810:
686:
291:
166:
86:
542:
and curated. Among the lichens were specimens collected in 1935 close to the
257:
measuring up to about 15 cm (6 in), covered with tiny pores called
1427:
816:
797:
789:
776:
that are on rocks. It has been recorded growing on a wide variety of rocks:
729:
682:
678:
674:
600:
523:
427:
414:
402:
330:
262:
261:. Sometimes the lichen forms small lobes that project out from the surface.
204:
200:
126:
66:
808:. Much less frequently, it grows on bark. Recorded bark substrates include
306:, was destroyed during World War II. After that, the name was relegated to
501:, using the larger of Müller's specimens as the type of this new species.
1675:
1634:
1569:
1487:
863:
855:
793:
690:
555:
535:
341:
41:
1361:
1667:
1548:
1266:
951:
822:
785:
754:, which grows on both rock and bark (the latter much less frequently),
746:
is quite similar in appearance, and can be reliably distinguished from
694:
628:
608:
579:
559:
486:
476:
431:
303:
276:
254:
1561:
1680:
1574:
1174:
1143:(3rd ed.). London: David & Charles Publishers. p. 214.
801:
777:
604:
588:
253:
in North
America, South America, and East Africa. It has a blue-grey
238:
76:
1464:
1258:
475:
reported their observations on the differences in the length of the
1379:
Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001).
859:
654:
639:
280:
1303:
in Mexico". In
Herrera-Campos, Maria; Pérez-Pérez, Rosa Emilia;
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
773:
648:
410:
1468:
1448:. London: British Museum (Natural History). pp. 260–261.
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
328:; a couple of years later it was transferred to the new genus
1439:
1437:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1224:"Mason E. Hale's list of epithets in the parmelioid genera"
1195:
Egan, R.S. (1972). "Catalog of the lichens of New Mexico".
1109:
Spielmann, Adriano Afonso; Marcelli, Marcelo Pinto (2008).
1051:
10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[0314:WITLPG]2.0.CO;2
922:
Culberson, William Louis; Culberson, Chicita F. (1980).
1209:
10.1639/0007-2745(1972)75[7:COTLON]2.0.CO;2
1072:
1070:
1068:
1444:
Swinscow, Thomas Douglas Victor; Krog, Hildur (1988).
1330:
1328:
390:, at an altitude of 1,900 m (6,200 ft). The
750:
by the length of its conidia (11–12 μm). Unlike
631:. These rhizines are completely covered by a cortex.
627:
to light to medium brown, with sparse, light-colored
1374:
1372:
1624:
1477:
1004:(B. de Lesd.) Egan, Bryologist 106(2): 315 (2003)"
489:and Mexico. They noted that the long-form conidia
1410:Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region
1383:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 607.
1222:DePriest, Paula T.; Hale, Beatrice Wilde (1998).
642:are oriented in all directions, analogous to the
422:. Bouly de Lesdain kept this material, and other
363:in 1942 as a new species by French lichenologist
460:, Bouly de Lesdain had noted its similarity to
924:"Microconidial dimorphism in the lichen genus
397:suggests a close association with grasses, as
1339:Krog (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)".
8:
1033:Egan, Robert S. (2003). "What is the lichen
685:, translucent, and measure 7–14 by 6–9
1028:
1026:
1024:
972:, a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae".
963:
961:
728:− in the upper cortex; the cortex contains
1465:
1311:. Stuttgart: J. Cramer. pp. 453–480.
591:. Herbarium specimens tend to turn brown.
31:
20:
1360:
434:. The herbarium was destroyed during the
662:, shown here, can be distinguished from
550:was based; Egan suggested that they are
1165:"de Lesdain, Maurice Bouly (1869–1965)"
905:
875:
426:sent to him by Brouard, at his private
316:. In 1980, the species became known as
1757:Taxa named by Maurice Bouly de Lesdain
689:. Depending on the individual lichen,
681:are more or less spherical to broadly
558:) or isosyntypes (i.e., duplicates of
271:, is not readily distinguishable from
830:occurs in the central US east to the
7:
1412:. Tempe, Arizona. pp. 433–444.
538:, the specimens were transferred to
375:specimens were collected by Brother
290:in 1942 from specimens collected in
1079:Revue Bryologique et Lichénologique
885:was named to honour philanthropist
732:as a minor or trace component, and
1299:Egan, R.S.; Lendemer, J. (2016). "
986:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01191.x
386:monk, in 1935 from two sites near
14:
704:The expected results of standard
666:using microscopic characteristics
456:. In his original description of
854:), it is rare; it is known from
53:
566:was found to be identical with
517:) pseudocyphellae to the newly
944:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021161
1:
562:) of the original specimens.
446:was often later relegated to
1742:Lichens of the United States
1353:10.1590/0102-33062016abb0417
1446:Macrolichens of East Africa
401:refers to the grass family
320:after studies published by
215:(W.L.Culb & C.F.Culb.)
1773:
889:, who was a benefactor at
850:(where it was recorded as
1727:Lichens described in 1942
1404:Egan, R.S.; Aptroot, A. "
185:
178:
155:
148:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
1381:Lichens of North America
974:Nordic Journal of Botany
826:. In the United States,
762:Habitat and distribution
554:(i.e. duplicates of the
540:Arizona State University
365:Maurice Bouly de Lesdain
249:, and, less frequently,
1341:Acta Botanica Brasilica
968:Krog, Hildur (1982). "
834:. It is common in the
756:Punctelia hypoleucites
744:Punctelia hypoleucites
667:
660:Punctelia hypoleucites
513:species with rounded (
268:Punctelia hypoleucites
1509:Punctelia graminicola
1479:Punctelia graminicola
1002:Punctelia graminicola
844:Punctelia graminicola
828:Punctelia graminicola
767:Punctelia graminicola
752:Punctelia graminicola
748:Punctelia graminicola
710:Punctelia graminicola
671:Punctelia graminicola
658:
617:Punctelia graminicola
584:Punctelia graminicola
482:Parmelia hypoleucites
388:Las Vegas, New Mexico
359:The lichen was first
334:, created to contain
273:Punctelia graminicola
230:Punctelia graminicola
212:Punctelia semansiana
159:Punctelia graminicola
25:Punctelia graminicola
1747:Lichens of Argentina
1626:Parmelia graminicola
1035:Parmelia graminicola
758:only grows on bark.
548:Parmelia graminicola
495:P. hypoleucites
458:Parmelia graminicola
453:Punctelia subrudecta
444:Parmelia graminicola
436:bombing of Dunkerque
369:Parmelia graminicola
313:Punctelia subrudecta
189:Parmelia graminicola
1305:Nash III, Thomas H.
1170:JSTOR Global Plants
883:Parmelia semansiana
673:occasionally makes
664:P. graminicola
568:P. graminicola
507:Parmelia semansiana
405:, while the ending
318:Parmelia semansiana
197:Parmelia semansiana
141:P. graminicola
1137:Stearn, William T.
852:P. semansiana
668:
564:P. semansiana
499:P. semansiana
479:in populations of
462:P. subrudecta
361:formally described
1752:Lichens of Brazil
1737:Lichens of Mexico
1732:Lichens of Africa
1704:
1703:
1689:Open Tree of Life
1609:Open Tree of Life
1471:Taxon identifiers
1455:978-0-565-01039-3
1390:978-0-300-08249-4
1318:978-3-443-58089-6
1150:978-0-7153-8548-7
706:lichen spot tests
473:Chicita Culberson
326:Chicita Culberson
226:
225:
192:B.de Lesd. (1942)
16:Species of lichen
1764:
1697:
1696:
1684:
1683:
1671:
1670:
1658:
1657:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1617:
1616:
1604:
1603:
1591:
1590:
1578:
1577:
1565:
1564:
1552:
1551:
1539:
1538:
1526:
1525:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1296:
1271:
1270:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1106:
1087:
1086:
1074:
1063:
1062:
1030:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1008:Species Fungorum
996:
990:
989:
965:
956:
955:
919:
894:
880:
532:Robert Shaw Egan
392:specific epithet
233:is a species of
220:
208:
193:
161:
58:
57:
44:, United States
35:
21:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1692:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1473:
1463:
1456:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1420:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1298:
1297:
1274:
1259:10.2307/3241492
1244:
1243:
1239:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1141:Botanical Latin
1135:
1134:
1130:
1108:
1107:
1090:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1037:B. de Lesd.?".
1032:
1031:
1022:
1012:
1010:
998:
997:
993:
967:
966:
959:
921:
920:
907:
903:
898:
897:
891:Duke University
881:
877:
872:
764:
734:chloroatranorin
621:species concept
593:Pseudocyphellae
576:
530:In 2001, after
485:collected from
357:
263:Fruiting bodies
259:pseudocyphellae
214:
199:
191:
174:
163:
157:
144:
97:Lecanoromycetes
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1770:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1722:Lichen species
1719:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1685:
1672:
1659:
1646:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1605:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1514:
1499:
1483:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1433:
1418:
1396:
1389:
1368:
1324:
1317:
1272:
1253:(3): 499–543.
1247:The Bryologist
1237:
1214:
1197:The Bryologist
1187:
1156:
1149:
1128:
1088:
1064:
1045:(2): 314–316.
1039:The Bryologist
1020:
991:
980:(3): 287–292.
957:
938:(1): 127–135.
904:
902:
899:
896:
895:
874:
873:
871:
868:
770:grows on rocks
763:
760:
738:lecanoric acid
575:
572:
377:Arsène Brouard
356:
353:
296:Arsène Brouard
247:grows on rocks
241:in the family
224:
223:
222:
221:
209:
194:
183:
182:
176:
175:
164:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1769:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1419:0-9716759-0-2
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:(in French).
1080:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1009:
1005:
1003:
995:
992:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
964:
962:
958:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
927:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
906:
900:
892:
888:
884:
879:
876:
869:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:
819:
818:
813:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
768:
761:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
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1362:11449/162634
1347:(1): 51–57.
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878:
851:
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841:
836:Great Plains
832:Appalachians
827:
821:
815:
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782:conglomerate
766:
765:
755:
751:
747:
743:
742:
716:+ (yellow),
709:
703:
698:
670:
669:
663:
659:
633:
619:has a broad
616:
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583:
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302:, stored in
285:
272:
266:
243:Parmeliaceae
229:
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188:
158:
156:
140:
139:
127:
117:Parmeliaceae
24:
18:
1583:NatureServe
1557:iNaturalist
1503:Wikispecies
1125:(2): 79–91.
1119:Biociências
1000:"Synonymy:
887:Mary Semans
848:East Africa
574:Description
503:Hildur Krog
424:collections
419:Selaginella
395:graminicola
349:graminicola
294:by Brother
107:Lecanorales
1711:Categories
1234:: 201–206.
901:References
842:In Mexico
811:Fouquieria
679:ascospores
644:parenchyma
634:The upper
601:Propagules
599:is white.
292:New Mexico
167:B.de Lesd.
87:Ascomycota
83:Division:
1717:Punctelia
1641:Q59558785
1494:Q10646746
1406:Punctelia
1337:Punctelia
1301:Punctelia
1228:Mycotaxon
1113:Punctelia
970:Punctelia
932:Mycologia
817:Cupressus
798:sandstone
790:limestone
730:atranorin
683:ellipsoid
675:apothecia
613:lacinulae
527:in 1982.
524:Punctelia
467:In 1980,
428:herbarium
415:spikemoss
403:Gramineae
381:Lasallian
331:Punctelia
288:described
279:(asexual
205:C.F.Culb.
201:W.L.Culb.
135:Species:
128:Punctelia
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
1676:MycoBank
1635:Wikidata
1588:2.123556
1570:MycoBank
1531:Fungorum
1488:Wikidata
1428:50120839
1307:(eds.).
1203:: 7–35.
1180:25 April
1139:(1987).
1085:: 44–66.
1059:85711091
1013:25 April
926:Parmelia
864:Tanzania
856:Ethiopia
806:volcanic
794:rhyolite
772:, or on
720:−, KC−,
699:unciform
691:pycnidia
629:rhizines
603:such as
560:syntypes
556:holotype
552:isotypes
536:landfill
515:punctate
511:Parmelia
448:synonymy
413:and the
384:Catholic
355:Taxonomy
342:landfill
337:Parmelia
308:synonymy
237:(leafy)
180:Synonyms
113:Family:
63:Domain:
42:Arkansas
1694:5313159
1668:3406979
1614:3768285
1601:1664401
1549:2605199
1267:3241492
952:3759425
823:Quercus
786:granite
724:−, and
695:conidia
609:soralia
597:medulla
580:thallus
544:Chimayó
487:Arizona
477:conidia
469:William
432:Dunkirk
399:gramini
346:epithet
322:William
304:Dunkirk
277:conidia
255:thallus
251:on bark
235:foliose
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
1681:368611
1575:488888
1562:463919
1536:488888
1452:
1426:
1416:
1387:
1315:
1265:
1175:ITHAKA
1147:
1057:
950:
862:, and
820:, and
804:, and
802:schist
778:basalt
774:mosses
640:hyphae
636:cortex
605:isidia
589:pruina
521:genus
491:morphs
411:mosses
371:. The
298:, the
286:First
281:spores
239:lichen
219:(1982)
207:(1980)
203:&
173:(2003)
1655:4DNV5
1523:78PDT
1263:JSTOR
1055:S2CID
948:JSTOR
870:Notes
860:Kenya
649:algal
450:with
407:-cola
367:, as
310:with
245:. It
77:Fungi
1663:GBIF
1596:NCBI
1544:GBIF
1450:ISBN
1424:OCLC
1414:ISBN
1385:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1182:2021
1145:ISBN
1015:2021
712:are
708:for
578:The
471:and
379:, a
373:type
324:and
217:Krog
171:Egan
1650:CoL
1518:CoL
1357:hdl
1349:doi
1255:doi
1205:doi
1047:doi
1043:106
982:doi
940:doi
701:).
625:tan
607:or
582:of
438:in
430:in
283:).
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718:C
714:K
493:(
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