203:—Such an appliance which may not, in general, be used in the field, but which is of immense value in the office and particularly in a shop, is the time clock. Various forms of time clocks are in common use, two types of which are illustrated. is a time card recorder, which is a clock so made that it will automatically stamp on a card inserted in a slot in the clock by the workman the time of his arrival and of his departure. The cards are made to hold a record covering the pay period and need no attention from a timekeeper or clerk until the termination of this period. The record of the men's time can then be compiled very readily by one who need not be a skilled mathematician or time clerk.
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used in conjunction with an access control system, granting the user access to a building, and at the same time clocking them in recording the time and date. These systems also attempt to cut down on fraud such as "buddy clocking." When combined with an access control system they can help prevent other types of fraud such as 'ghost employees', where additional identities are added to payroll but do not exist.
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generally accomplished through either a mobile application, or an IVR based phone call in system. Using a mobile device allows enterprises to better validate that their employees or suppliers are physically 'clocking in' at a specific location using the GPS functionality of a mobile phone for extra validation.
367:
are similar to paper-based systems, but they rely on computers and check-in terminals. They are backed up with software that can be integrated with the human resources department and in some cases payroll software. These types of systems are becoming more popular but due to high initial costs, they
294:
More recently, time clocks have started to adopt technology commonly seen in phones and tablets – called 'Smartclocks'. The "state of the art" smartclocks come with multi-touch screens, full color displays, real time monitoring for problems, wireless networking and over the air updates. Some of the
290:
Electronic time clock machines are manufactured in many designs by companies in China and sold under various brand names in places around the world, with accompanying software to extract the data from a single time clock machine, or several machines, and process the data into reports. In most cases
397:
systems. Rather than using a key, code or chip to identify the user, they rely on a unique attribute of the user, such as a hand print, finger print, finger vein, palm vein, facial recognition, iris or retina. The user will have their attribute scanned into the system. Biometric readers are often
332:
There are also variations based on manufacture and machine used, and whether the user wants to record weekly or monthly recordings. The time cards usually have the workdays, "time in", and "time out" areas marked on them so that employees can "punch in" or "punch out" in the correct place. The
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With the mass market proliferation of mobile devices (smart phones, handheld devices), new types of self-calculating time tracking systems have been invented which allow a mobile workforce – such as painting companies or construction companies - to track employees 'on' and 'off' hours. This is
210:
Another form of time clock has the numbers of the employees fixed on the outer edge of a disk or ring and a record is made by the employee who shifts a revolving arm and punches his number upon entering the office and leaving. The working up of employees' time then becomes simply a matter of
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Fraudulent operation of time clocks can include overstamping, where one time is stamped over another, and buddy-punching, where one employee records time for another. In extreme cases, employees can use buddy-punching to skip entire days of work or accumulate additional overtime.
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A basic time clock will just stamp the date and time on a time card, similar to a parking validation machine. These will usually be activated by a button that a worker must press to stamp their card, or stamp upon full insertion. Some machines use
279:(radio-frequency identification) tag close to a reader, entering a number or using a biometric reader. These systems are much more advanced than the mechanical time clock: various reports can be generated, including on compliance with the
206:
The time clock system has been developed very highly in shops for keeping track of time used in completing any job by workmen, but as this in a way is not in the realm of field cost keeping, it will not be entered into here.
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smartclocks use front-facing cameras to capture employee clock-ins to deter "buddy clocking" or "buddy punching", whereby one employee fraudulently records the time of another. This problem usually requires expensive
235:
in 1963 and reverted to
International Time Recorders. In 1982, International Time Recorders was acquired by Blick Industries of Swindon, England, who were themselves later absorbed by Stanley Security Systems.
140:. His patent of 1890 speaks of mechanical time recorders for workers in terms that suggest that earlier recorders already existed, but Bundy's had various improvements; for example, each worker had his own
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employee may be responsible for lining up the correct area of the card to be punched or stamped. Some time clocks feature a bell or signal relay to alert employees as to a certain time or break.
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report. Employees can also use the system to request holidays, enter absence requests and view their worked hours. User interfaces can be personalized and offer robust self-service capabilities.
219:, is pictured. The face shows employee numbers which would be dialed up by employees entering and leaving the factory. The day and time of entry and exit was punched onto cards inside the box.
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are usually only adopted by large businesses of over 30 employees. Despite this they can save a business a lot of money every year by cutting down errors and reducing administration time.
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Self-calculating machines are similar to basic time clocks. Nevertheless, at the end of each period the total time recorded is added up allowing for quicker processing by
69:, called a time card, into a slot on the time clock. When the time card hit a contact at the rear of the slot, the machine would print day and time information (a
749:(mostly in German, but partly translated into English) is one of the most comprehensive online documentations of the history of time recorders and time clocks
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An early and influential time clock, sometimes described as the first, was invented on
November 20, 1888, by Willard Le Grand Bundy, a jeweler in
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In 1900, the time recording business of Bundy
Manufacturing, along with two other time equipment businesses, was consolidated into the
299:. With the increasing popularity of cloud-based software, some of the newer time clocks are built to work seamlessly with the cloud.
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361:. These machines sometimes have other functions such as automatic stamping, dual-colour printing, and automated column shift.
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In the late 20th century, time clocks started to move away from the mechanical machines to computer-based, electronic
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computation from printed figures. These two types are made by the
International Time Recording Co. of New York.
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to ensure that bus drivers did not depart from outlying termini before the due time; now preserved at
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231:. However, in the United Kingdom ITR (a subsidiary of IBM United Kingdom Ltd.) was the subject of a
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Harlow Bundy's home in
Binghamton, it was restored and now houses a museum dedicated to the Bundys.
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to have an official record of the hours an employee worked to calculate the pay owed an employee.
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473:– Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. Retrieved April 10, 2014, from Dictionary.com website:
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instead of stamping, which can facilitate automated processing on machinery not capable of
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Belden, Martin; Belden, Marva (1961). The Life of Thomas J. Watson, Little, Brown; p. 92
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Early time clock, made by
National Time Recorder Co. Ltd. of Blackfriars, London at
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local suppliers offer technical support and in some cases installation services.
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David Needle, TabTimes, Android tablet gives old punch card time clock facelift
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In mechanical time clocks, this was accomplished by inserting a heavy paper
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National Museum of
American History: International Dial Time Recorder Clock
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explained about the state of the art around time clocks in those days:
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Texas
Business and Commerce Code - BUS & COM § 503.001 | FindLaw
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A wall-mounted time clock with biometric (fingerprint) recognition
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568:"IBM Archives: International Time Recording Company (1889-1914)"
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Washington
Becomes Third State to Enact Biometric Privacy Law
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systems. The employee registers with the system by swiping a
144:. A year later his brother, Harlow Bundy, organized the
247:
in the late 1970s and introduced as a product in 1979.
227:
In 1958, IBM's Time
Equipment Division was sold to the
158:
In 1911, ITR, Bundy Mfg., and two other companies were
73:) on the card. One or more time cards could serve as a
1777:
List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
316:
Simplex Time Recorder Co. time clock Model No. KCF14L4
393:
Biometric time clocks are a feature of more advanced
215:
An example of this other form of time clock, made by
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International Business Machines: A Business History
54:, is a device that records start and end times for
162:(via stock acquisition), forming a fifth company,
239:The first punched-card system to be linked to a
77:or provide the data to fill one. This allowed a
198:
657:Gillette Publishing Company, 1909, p. 110-112.
783:
8:
611:Bennett, Frank P.; Company (June 17, 1911).
475:http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bundy
166:(CTR), which would later change its name to
790:
776:
768:
671:(Ph.D.). Columbia University. p. 385.
617:. Vol. 22, Part 2. p. 1298 (26).
365:Software based time and attendance systems
2519:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
2363:Job losses caused by the Great Recession
1040:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
653:Construction Cost Keeping and Management
173:The Bundy clock (see image) was used by
148:, and began mass-producing time clocks.
124:
2544:Credentialism and educational inflation
459:
2415:List of countries by unemployment rate
630:
620:
514:"IBM Archives: Bundy Manufacturing Co"
164:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
96:for time clocks. The term comes from
7:
1308:Practice-based professional learning
349:Contactless magnetic time clock card
153:International Time Recording Company
1861:Workers' right to access the toilet
536:"Bundy Museum of History & Art"
259:Another typical modern E-time clock
596:. January 23, 2003. Archived from
574:. January 23, 2003. Archived from
520:. January 23, 2003. Archived from
25:
590:"IBM Archives: ITR time recorder"
487:"Willard Legrand Bundy Biography"
98:brothers Willard and Harlow Bundy
27:Device that records working hours
2632:
2631:
1925:Corporate collapses and scandals
440:
243:microprocessor was developed by
131:Birmingham Corporation Transport
673:Reprinted by Arno Press, 1976,
281:European Working Time Directive
2425:Employment-to-population ratio
1797:Occupational health psychology
1:
2513:Works Progress Administration
2405:Unemployment Convention, 1919
1817:Personal protective equipment
1365:Occupational Outlook Handbook
327:optical character recognition
229:Simplex Time Recorder Company
2594:Psychopathy in the workplace
1767:Human factors and ergonomics
675:from the best available copy
97:
2698:Products introduced in 1888
2579:Narcissism in the workplace
1792:Occupational exposure limit
146:Bundy Manufacturing Company
2724:
2508:Civil Works Administration
2390:Technological unemployment
1866:Workplace health promotion
1318:Professional certification
1015:Personality–job fit theory
677:. Some text is illegible.
471:Collins English Dictionary
62:) at a place of business.
2627:
2488:Guaranteed minimum income
2073:Organizational commitment
667:Engelbourg, Saul (1954).
341:Self-calculating machines
175:Birmingham City Transport
2657:Aspects of organizations
2338:Involuntary unemployment
1899:Equal pay for equal work
1822:Repetitive strain injury
1323:Professional development
1313:Professional association
995:Letter of recommendation
648:Gillette, Halbert Powers
2642:Aspects of corporations
2604:Slow movement (culture)
2483:Employer of last resort
2385:Structural unemployment
2323:Frictional unemployment
1762:Epilepsy and employment
1649:Performance-related pay
1583:National average salary
1496:996 working hour system
650:, and Richard T. Dana.
448:Organized labour portal
58:employees (or those on
42:, sometimes known as a
2652:Aspects of occupations
2458:Unemployment insurance
2410:Unemployment extension
2380:Reserve army of labour
2185:Constructive dismissal
1992:Sleeping while on duty
1957:Exploitation of labour
1839:Sick building syndrome
1010:Person–environment fit
880:Independent contractor
614:United States Investor
548:Engelbourg (1954) p.33
385:
350:
317:
260:
213:
196:
133:
129:A Bundy clock used by
122:
35:
2662:Aspects of workplaces
2400:Unemployment benefits
2395:Types of unemployment
2333:Graduate unemployment
2227:Letter of resignation
1856:Workers' compensation
1849:Occupational fatality
1353:Vocational university
953:Employment counsellor
578:on December 20, 2004.
383:
348:
315:
258:
194:
128:
116:
34:Electronic time clock
33:
2468:Job creation program
2244:Mandatory retirement
2197:Employee offboarding
2017:Workplace incivility
2012:Workplace harassment
1787:Occupational disease
1782:Occupational burnout
1697:Disability insurance
1541:Workweek and weekend
1521:Retroactive overtime
1343:Vocational education
1258:Continuing education
1096:Permanent employment
747:www.timerecorder.de/
600:on January 21, 2005.
524:on January 21, 2005.
433:Workforce management
372:Mobile time tracking
269:magnetic stripe card
2373:Recession-proof job
2368:Lists of recessions
2306:Economic depression
2254:Retirement planning
2135:Work–life interface
1972:Employee monitoring
1940:Corporate behaviour
1930:Accounting scandals
1812:Occupational stress
1802:Occupational injury
1333:Reflective practice
1328:Professional school
1050:Work-at-home scheme
970:Induction programme
948:Employment contract
928:Business networking
501:U.S. patent 452,894
408:Time and attendance
395:time and attendance
265:time and attendance
245:Kronos Incorporated
186:Halbert P. Gillette
2636:See also templates
2473:Job creation index
2437:Youth unemployment
2301:Discouraged worker
2190:Wrongful dismissal
2170:At-will employment
2043:Civil conscription
2007:Workplace bullying
1894:Affirmative action
1876:Workplace wellness
1807:Occupational noise
1443:Long service leave
1303:Overspecialization
1283:Induction training
1238:Career development
633:has generic name (
386:
351:
318:
261:
233:management buy-out
197:
134:
123:
94:Australian English
92:have been used in
44:clock card machine
36:
2685:
2684:
2584:Post-work society
2564:Kiss up kick down
2296:Barriers to entry
2261:Severance package
2093:Human trafficking
1987:Sexual harassment
1967:Employee handbook
1886:Equal opportunity
1749:Safety and health
1739:Take-home vehicle
1348:Vocational school
1298:Lifelong learning
1273:Further education
1233:Career counseling
1228:Career assessment
1005:Overqualification
297:biometric devices
251:Late 20th century
179:Walsall Arboretum
119:Wookey Hole Caves
16:(Redirected from
2715:
2672:Critique of work
2667:Corporate titles
2635:
2634:
2554:Evil corporation
2420:Employment rates
2343:Jobless recovery
2311:Great Depression
2271:Golden parachute
2266:Golden handshake
2063:Job satisfaction
2053:Critique of work
1871:Workplace phobia
1702:Health insurance
1659:Wage compression
1627:Progressive wage
1481:35-hour workweek
1448:No call, no show
1438:Leave of absence
1288:Knowledge worker
1216:Master craftsman
1020:Personality hire
958:Executive search
938:Curriculum vitae
923:Background check
792:
785:
778:
769:
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723:
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709:
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698:
692:
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688:"Kronos History"
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323:punch hole cards
308:Basic time clock
223:Mid 20th century
138:Auburn, New York
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2677:Organized labor
2647:Aspects of jobs
2623:
2614:Toxic workplace
2549:Emotional labor
2522:
2446:Public programs
2441:
2358:Great Recession
2328:Full employment
2316:Long Depression
2282:
2180:Banishment room
2156:
2078:Refusal of work
2021:
1945:Corporate crime
1913:
1880:
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1278:Graduate school
1188:
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1045:Underemployment
904:
848:Self-employment
823:Contingent work
813:Academic tenure
806:Classifications
801:
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736:IBM Time Clocks
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713:"Time Is Money"
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285:Bradford factor
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730:External links
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690:. May 5, 2022.
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2002:Whistleblower
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52:time recorder
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19:
2708:Working time
2609:Toxic leader
2589:Presenteeism
2569:Labor rights
2559:Going postal
2534:Bullshit job
2517:
2502:
2497:
2288:Unemployment
2140:Downshifting
2123:Wage slavery
2103:Penal labour
2058:Dead-end job
2048:Conscription
1827:Right to sit
1682:Annual leave
1664:Working poor
1600:Minimum wage
1578:Maximum wage
1536:Working time
1526:Six-hour day
1462:
1423:Career break
1385:Professional
1179:Black-collar
1149:White-collar
1129:Green-collar
1106:Volunteering
943:Drug testing
933:Cover letter
873:Tradesperson
722:. July 2014.
719:
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651:
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598:the original
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51:
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43:
39:
37:
2498:Historical:
2222:Resignation
2162:Termination
2145:Slow living
2113:Truck wages
2098:Labour camp
2026:Willingness
1918:Infractions
1573:Living wage
1516:Remote work
1184:Gold-collar
1139:Pink-collar
1134:Grey-collar
1124:Blue-collar
1091:Labour hire
1066:Cooperative
1030:Recruitment
985:Job hunting
918:Application
900:Wage labour
885:Labour hire
838:Job sharing
738:(PDF files)
594:www.ibm.com
572:www.ibm.com
518:www.ibm.com
160:amalgamated
86:bundy clock
48:punch clock
18:Punch clock
2692:Categories
2432:Wage curve
2239:Retirement
2152:Workaholic
2130:Work ethic
1997:Wage theft
1982:Labour law
1977:Evaluation
1962:Dress code
1727:Sick leave
1692:Child care
1654:Salary cap
1568:Income tax
1531:Shift work
1463:Time clock
1458:Sick leave
1453:Sabbatical
1418:Break room
1406:Attendance
1375:Profession
1360:Mentorship
1338:Retraining
1263:E-learning
1159:New-collar
1154:Red-collar
1101:Supervisor
1081:Internship
1000:Onboarding
868:Technician
863:Journeyman
833:Gig worker
799:Employment
455:References
423:Game clock
413:Timekeeper
389:Biometrics
88:, or just
84:The terms
79:timekeeper
60:flexi-time
40:time clock
2619:Workhouse
2539:Busy work
2353:Recession
2217:Pink slip
2175:Dismissal
2038:Careerism
1632:Singapore
1610:Hong Kong
1473:Schedules
1392:Tradesman
1293:Licensure
1253:Education
1223:Avocation
1164:No-collar
1144:Precariat
1025:Probation
980:Job fraud
623:cite book
428:Stopwatch
418:Timesheet
184:In 1909,
75:timesheet
71:timestamp
2527:See also
2453:Workfare
2278:Turnover
1674:Benefits
1555:salaries
1511:Overtime
1501:Flextime
1433:Gap year
1428:Furlough
1397:Vocation
1380:Operator
1243:Coaching
1198:training
1076:Employer
1071:Employee
975:Job fair
853:Side job
469:(n.d.).
402:See also
283:, and a
2503:U.S.A.:
2108:Peonage
2083:Slavery
2033:Boreout
1772:Karoshi
1722:Pension
1506:On-call
1211:Artisan
895:Laborer
359:payroll
273:barcode
155:(ITR).
109:Origins
104:History
2703:Clocks
2207:Layoff
1757:Crunch
1615:Europe
1605:Canada
1593:Europe
1194:Career
1035:Résumé
910:Hiring
818:Casual
467:Bundy.
121:museum
56:hourly
2068:McJob
1588:World
1551:Wages
1413:Break
1059:Roles
716:(PDF)
303:Types
90:bundy
50:, or
1553:and
1196:and
963:list
635:help
277:RFID
67:card
1086:Job
357:or
241:Z80
217:IBM
168:IBM
142:key
2694::
718:.
627::
625:}}
621:{{
592:.
570:.
516:.
329:.
181:.
170:.
100:.
46:,
38:A
791:e
784:t
777:v
655:.
637:)
538:.
489:.
20:)
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