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pointed out that George Pal was a
European and not raised on racial prejudice: "To him there is nothing abusive about a Negro boy who likes to eat watermelons or gets scared when he goes past a haunted house". The article, though, pointed that this depiction touched on the stereotypes of Negroes
206:
animation. The puppets are rigid and static pieces; each is typically used in a single frame and then switched with a separate, near-duplicate puppet for the next frame. Thus puppetoon animation requires many separate figures. It is thus more analogous in a certain sense to cel animation than is
215:
Some controversy exists in modern times, as the black character, Jasper, star of several
Puppetoons in the 1940s is considered a stereotype today. The Jasper series of shorts relied on a small, consistent cast. The titular character was a playful
1101:
198:(or puppet heads or limbs) for each frame in which the puppet moves or changes expression, rather than moving a single puppet. A typical Puppetoon required 9,000 individually carved and machined wooden figures or parts.
150:—Pal's distributor—objected to the cost. Per their suggestion, Pal went to produce sequences for feature films. In 1956, the Puppetoons as well as most of Paramount's shorts, were sold to television distributor
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traditional stop-motion: the characters are created from scratch for each frame (though in cel animation the creation process is simpler since the characters are drawn and painted, not sculpted).
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1979:
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The series ended due to rising production costs which had increased from US$ 18,000 per short in 1939 (equivalent to $ 394,278 in 2023) to almost US$ 50,000 following
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Pal also used the
Puppetoon name and the general Puppetoon technique for miniature puppet characters in some of his live-action feature films, including
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224:, Professor Scarecrow being a black scam artist, and the Blackbird serving as his fast-talking partner-in-crime. Pal described Jasper as the
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The
Puppetoons series of animated puppet films were made in Europe in the 1930s and in the United States in the 1940s. The series began when
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protested that the Jasper shorts presented a "razor-totin', ghost-haunted, chicken-stealin' concept of the
American Negro".
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1975:
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reintroducing them to contemporary audiences. A feature-length documentary on the life and films of George Pal followed,
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in which the puppet moves or changes expression, rather than moving a single puppet, as is the case with most
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being childish, eating nothing but molasses and watermelons, and being afraid of their own shadows.
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bought out U.M. & M. and continued to syndicate them in the 1950s and 1960s as "Madcap Models".
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Making Movies Black: The
Hollywood Message Movie from World War II to the Civil Rights Era
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puppet animation. They were particularly made from 1932-1948, in both Europe and the US.
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179:(1963). In these films, the individual wooden figures were billed as The Puppetoons.
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was released on Blu-ray and DVD, featuring 17 shorts not included on any of the
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1185:"American Cinematheque Celebrates George Pal's Puppetoons; Filmation's He-Man"
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Forbidden
Animation: Censored Cartoons and Blacklisted Animators in America
90:
Pal arrived in the U.S. in 1940, and produced more than 40 Puppetoons for
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1125:"'The Puppetoon Movie Volume 2' Now Available on Blu-ray/DVD Combo Pack"
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1108:. Valparaiso: United Press. 13 April 1944. p. 4. Archived from
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in 1932, which led to a series of theatrical advertising shorts for
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Jasper's full name is Jasper
Jefferson Lincoln Washington Hawkins.
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That's Enough, Folks: Black Images in
Animated Cartoons, 1900-1960
1997:
36:
1369:
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is a type of replacement animation, which is itself a type of
87:
design, often reducing characters to simple geometric shapes.
194:
with puppets. Using a series of different hand-carved wooden
79:
Radio in the
Netherlands. This was followed by a series for
39:
made in Europe (1930s) and in the United States (1940s) by
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preserved several of the Puppetoons in 2009, including
1317:. Brooklyn. 13 April 1946. p. 14. Archived from
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List of animated television series by episode count
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1988:
1969:
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351:, a hand-drawn cel-animation advertising short for
254:At one point, Jasper's popularity was on par with
956:"Racism and Resistance: Stereotypes in Animation"
47:: using a series of different hand-carved wooden
2557:List of animated films by box office admissions
27:Series of Animated puppet films from the 1930's
1381:
1255:"Arnold Leibovit Facebook Post, May 12, 2018"
689:And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street
83:Malted Milk in England. These shorts have an
8:
430:The Reddingsbrigade (a.k.a. Rescue Brigade)
1985:
1845:
1408:
1388:
1374:
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1070:Christopher P. Lehman (December 1, 2018).
270:In 1987, film producer-director-archivist
176:The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm
71:made an advertising film using "dancing"
1029:AMPAS Animated Short Film Oscar archives
120:And To Think I Saw it On Mulberry Street
2685:Race-related controversies in animation
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
988:
146:(equivalent to $ 781,229 in 2023).
1286:Virginia McPherson (25 October 1945).
1057:
1233:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 166–167.
1135:from the original on January 17, 2021
1045:
999:The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons
363:A Fairy Tale About a Melancholic King
283:The Fantasy Film Worlds of George Pal
232:. Already in 1946, an article of the
7:
2530:Films with live action and animation
1267:from the original on August 18, 2021
1072:"Jasper and the Puppetoons - Part 3"
467:How An Advertising Poster Came About
51:(or puppet heads or limbs) for each
1002:. Checkmark Books. pp. 85–86.
628:The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins
114:The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins
43:. They were made using replacement
1311:"Ellen Drew Named For Film Comedy"
1294:. Chico. p. 2. Archived from
1106:Vidette-Messenger of Porter County
1082:from the original on March 5, 2021
25:
2665:Paramount Pictures animated films
1622:Modern TV cable and streaming era
525:The Old Woman Who Lived in A Shoe
2680:1940s stop-motion animated films
2670:1930s stop-motion animated films
2598:
2589:
2588:
1183:Beck, Jerry (9 September 2015).
1165:from the original on 2016-08-13
349:Radio Röhren (Valve) Revolution
35:is a series of animated puppet
2675:Paramount Pictures short films
2655:Film series introduced in 1940
2650:Film series introduced in 1932
520:The Good Bear and The Bad Bear
455:The Ballet of Red Radio Valves
390:Ali Baba and The Forty Thieves
1:
2552:Most expensive animated films
2207:Direct manipulation animation
1858:Barrier-grid and stereography
2098:Non-photorealistic rendering
604:Jasper and the Haunted House
503:The Queen Was In The Parlour
288:The Puppetoon Movie Volume 2
156:National Telefilm Associates
152:U.M. & M. TV Corporation
1730:International Animation Day
1341:Internet Animation Database
777:John Henry and the Inky-Poo
498:(a.k.a. Cavalcade of Music)
311:John Henry and the Inky Poo
130:John Henry and the Inky-Poo
2701:
2200:Linear Animation Generator
2103:Physically based animation
1359:Don Markstein's Toonopedia
1349:. Animation World Network.
1227:Sampson, Henry T. (1998).
586:Jasper and the Watermelons
480:Aladdin and the Magic Lamp
220:, his mother a protective
97:Seven Puppetoons received
2584:
1789:Children's animated films
1411:
1355:"George Pal's Puppetoons"
436:Philips Broadcast of 1938
1698:Animation film festivals
1315:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
737:Jasper and the Beanstalk
617:Jasper and the Choo-Choo
591:Mr. Strauss Takes a Walk
307:Jasper and the Beanstalk
125:Jasper and the Beanstalk
2520:Twelve basic principles
2440:Instructional animation
966:McFarland & Company
954:Cohen, Karl F. (2004),
938:Oxford University Press
928:Cripps, Thomas (1993),
771:Together in the Weather
266:Legacy and preservation
190:films used replacement
101:nominations, including
94:between 1941 and 1947.
2118:Virtual cinematography
1715:Highest-grossing films
1617:Early TV broadcast era
996:Lenburg, Jeff (1999).
449:South Seas Sweethearts
407:Charlie's World Cruise
2435:Independent animation
2425:Educational animation
1347:"The George Pal Site"
1102:"Hollywood Film Shop"
866:) - September 2, 1971
634:Jasper's Music Lesson
380:World's Greatest Show
358:The Ship of the Ether
296:The Ship of the Ether
105:(for the year 1941),
2640:American film series
2635:Animated film series
2415:Animated documentary
2247:Whiteboard animation
2140:Traditional puppetry
1784:Adult animated films
1693:Biologist simulators
1656:Animation department
1214:Academy Film Archive
1210:"Preserved Projects"
1159:Academy Film Archive
1155:"Preserved Projects"
1131:. December 1, 2020.
882:Three Little Princes
806:) - October 31, 1947
732:Jasper's Close Shave
712:Jasper's Booby Traps
644:The Little Broadcast
303:Academy Film Archive
2488:Character animation
2268:Character animation
1806:Children's animated
915:The Puppetoon Movie
829:(shown in the film
682:Jasper Goes Hunting
649:Jasper Goes Fishing
639:The Truck That Flew
569:Rhythm in the Ranks
485:The Sleeping Beauty
315:Rhythm In the Ranks
277:The Puppetoon Movie
235:Hollywood Quarterly
200:Puppetoon animation
103:Rhythm in the Ranks
2515:Creature animation
2445:Virtual newscaster
2390:Abstract animation
2222:Ink-wash animation
2212:Humanoid animation
2195:Audio-Animatronics
1759:Lost or unfinished
1683:Animation database
1661:Animation director
887:Gulliver's Travels
871:Cancelled projects
827:Romeow and Julicat
727:Jasper's Minstrels
671:A Hatful of Dreams
666:Package for Jasper
622:Bravo, Mr. Strauss
469:(October 16, 1938)
438:(October 20, 1937)
424:What Ho, She Bumps
385:In Lamp Light Land
241:A 1947 article in
148:Paramount Pictures
92:Paramount Pictures
2645:Short film series
2617:
2616:
2378:
2377:
2305:Erasure animation
2126:
2125:
1868:Limited animation
1811:Computer-animated
1749:Computer-animated
1671:Animation studios
1632:
1631:
947:978-0-19-536034-9
795:Shoe Shine Jasper
695:Jasper's Paradise
597:Tulips Shall Grow
564:The Gay Knighties
496:Philips Cavalcade
490:Love on the Range
230:American folklore
108:Tulips Shall Grow
16:(Redirected from
2692:
2602:
2592:
2591:
2572:anime franchises
2547:Cartoon violence
2535:highest grossing
2430:Erotic animation
2405:Animated cartoon
2172:Supermarionation
2145:Digital puppetry
2066:Facial animation
1986:
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1719:Opening weekends
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902:Johnny Appleseed
810:Rhapsody in Wood
574:The Sky Princess
463:(August 7, 1938)
451:(April 21, 1938)
426:(March 11, 1937)
226:Huckleberry Finn
164:The Great Rupert
21:
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2400:Adult animation
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783:Wilbur the Lion
766:Olio for Jasper
760:Jasper in a Jam
654:Goodnight Rusty
533:
531:American shorts
375:The Magic Atlas
328:
326:European shorts
323:
292:Puppetoon Movie
272:Arnold Leibovit
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2028:Onion skinning
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1331:External links
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:(login needed)
1321:on 2021-08-18.
1302:
1300:(login needed)
1298:on 2021-08-18.
1278:
1246:
1240:978-0810832503
1239:
1219:
1201:
1175:
1146:
1116:
1114:(login needed)
1112:on 2021-08-18.
1093:
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975:978-0786420322
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863:Curiosity Shop
860:(broadcast on
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824:
821:Tubby the Tuba
817:
807:
804:Duke Ellington
800:Date with Duke
797:
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763:
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754:Jasper's Derby
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676:Say Ah, Jasper
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515:Friend in Need
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457:(June 5, 1938)
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432:(May 11, 1937)
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402:Ether Symphony
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136:Tubby the Tuba
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2256:Other methods
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2227:Magic Lantern
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2160:Virtual human
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2086:hand tracking
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1938:
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1907:
1906:clay painting
1904:
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1703:international
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1506:United States
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1073:
1066:
1063:
1060:, p. 230
1059:
1058:Cripps (1993)
1054:
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1038:
1036:
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1026:
1023:
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1009:0-8160-3831-7
1005:
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897:Davy Crockett
895:
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846:Sweet Pacific
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749:
743:
742:My Man Jasper
740:
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733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
717:Hotlip Jasper
715:
713:
710:
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700:Two-Gun Rusty
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294:releases and
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99:Academy Award
95:
93:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
62:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
33:
19:
2660:Puppet films
2567:anime series
2525:Motion comic
2394:visual music
2340:Pose to pose
2315:Inbetweening
2295:Chuckimation
2237:Shadowmation
2190:Animatronics
2091:eye tracking
2071:Morph target
2023:Multi-sketch
1960:
1774:Short series
1688:Art pipeline
1666:Story artist
1612:World War II
1481:South Africa
1340:
1319:the original
1314:
1305:
1296:the original
1292:Chico Record
1291:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1258:
1249:
1229:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:
1178:
1167:. Retrieved
1158:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1128:
1119:
1110:the original
1105:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1075:
1065:
1053:
1048:, p. 58
1046:Cohen (2004)
1025:
1013:. Retrieved
998:
991:
962:
959:
933:
930:
913:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
861:
858:The Tool Box
857:
851:
850:
845:
839:
838:
832:Variety Girl
830:
826:
819:
814:Woody Herman
809:
799:
794:
788:
787:
782:
775:
770:
765:
758:
753:
747:
746:
741:
736:
731:
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721:
716:
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704:
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687:
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675:
670:
665:
659:
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648:
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638:
633:
626:
621:
616:
610:
609:
602:
595:
590:
585:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
551:
546:
542:Western Daze
541:
535:
534:
524:
519:
514:
508:
507:
502:
494:
489:
484:
479:
473:
472:
466:
460:
454:
448:
442:
441:
435:
429:
423:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
395:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
368:
367:
362:
357:
348:
342:
341:
336:
330:
329:
314:
310:
306:
300:
295:
291:
287:
281:
275:
269:
256:Mickey Mouse
253:
250:
242:
240:
233:
214:
199:
187:
186:
174:
173:(1958), and
168:
162:
160:
144:World War II
141:
134:
128:
124:
118:
112:
106:
102:
96:
89:
66:
31:
30:
29:
2493:model sheet
2350:Rubber hose
2273:model sheet
2051:Cel shading
1893:Stop motion
1878:Rotoscoping
1850:Traditional
1779:Stop-motion
1725:Outsourcing
1486:South Korea
1466:Philippines
1461:North Korea
1288:"Hollywood"
1271:January 26,
1139:January 21,
1086:January 25,
892:Casey Jones
812:(featuring
802:(featuring
722:Jasper Tell
559:Hoola Boola
547:Dipsy Gypsy
461:Sky Pirates
321:Filmography
286:. In 2020,
260:Donald Duck
204:stop-motion
133:(1946) and
57:stop motion
2630:Puppetoons
2624:Categories
2498:walk cycle
2365:Syncro-Vox
2278:walk cycle
2182:Mechanical
2108:Procedural
2008:PowerPoint
1961:Puppetoons
1956:Pixilation
1921:silhouette
1910:strata-cut
1901:Claymation
1842:Techniques
1831:Television
1602:Silent Era
1534:Bangladesh
1529:Azerbaijan
1416:Bangladesh
1405:By country
1337:Puppetoons
1194:17 October
1169:2016-08-04
983:References
412:On Parade!
218:pickaninny
73:cigarettes
69:George Pal
41:George Pal
32:Puppetoons
2508:off-model
2478:Key frame
2335:Pixel art
2330:Pinscreen
2288:off-model
2232:Scanimate
2150:Machinima
1949:Brickfilm
1937:go motion
1863:Flip book
1397:Animation
1189:IndieWire
192:animation
188:Puppetoon
183:Technique
170:Tom Thumb
45:animation
18:Puppetoon
2594:Category
2503:lip sync
2383:Variants
2370:Zoetrope
2320:Morphing
2283:lip sync
2263:Blocking
2155:Aniforms
2132:Puppetry
2113:Skeletal
1980:timeline
1971:Computer
1826:Internet
1708:regional
1644:Animator
1637:Industry
1501:Thailand
1471:Portugal
1451:Malaysia
1265:Archived
1260:Facebook
1163:Archived
1133:Archived
1080:Archived
908:See also
337:Midnight
167:(1949),
139:(1947).
127:(1945),
123:(1944),
117:(1943),
111:(1942),
85:art deco
81:Horlicks
2609:Outline
1976:history
1927:Graphic
1873:Masking
1764:Package
1589:Ukraine
1559:Hungary
1521:History
1511:Vietnam
1476:Romania
1436:Estonia
1431:Czechia
922:Sources
353:Philips
258:'s and
196:puppets
77:Philips
63:History
49:puppets
2604:Portal
2165:Live2D
2081:facial
2046:T-pose
1944:Object
1917:Cutout
1796:Series
1745:Films
1584:Russia
1554:France
1544:Canada
1539:Brazil
1496:Taiwan
1456:Mexico
1421:Bhutan
1399:topics
1237:
1015:6 June
1006:
972:
944:
877:Sinbad
313:, and
211:Jasper
2420:Anime
2061:Crowd
2003:Flash
1932:Model
1821:Flash
1769:Short
1739:Works
1579:Korea
1574:Japan
1564:India
1549:China
1491:Spain
1446:Japan
1441:India
1426:China
244:Ebony
222:mammy
53:frame
37:films
2360:Sand
1998:2.5D
1676:List
1649:List
1569:Iran
1273:2021
1235:ISBN
1196:2023
1141:2021
1088:2021
1017:2020
1004:ISBN
970:ISBN
942:ISBN
852:1971
840:1948
789:1947
748:1946
706:1945
660:1944
611:1943
580:1942
553:1941
536:1940
509:1940
474:1939
443:1938
418:1937
396:1936
369:1935
343:1934
331:1932
301:The
262:'s.
2483:Cel
2056:CGI
2018:CSS
2013:SVG
1339:at
1129:AWN
228:of
2626::
2038:3D
1990:2D
1978:,
1908:,
1357:.
1313:.
1290:.
1263:.
1257:.
1212:.
1187:.
1161:.
1157:.
1127:.
1104:.
1078:.
1076:CR
1074:.
1034:^
968:,
964:,
958:,
940:,
936:,
317:.
309:,
298:.
154:.
2396:)
2392:(
1982:)
1974:(
1923:)
1919:(
1721:)
1717:(
1389:e
1382:t
1375:v
1361:.
1275:.
1243:.
1216:.
1198:.
1172:.
1143:.
1090:.
1019:.
835:)
816:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.