401:
stratigraphy of the
Worbarrow Tout and Durlston Bay sections respectively, with the former considering there to be 12 members in the Purbeck Limestone Formation, while the latter had an additional two members within the Lulworth and Durlston Formations of the Purbeck Limestone Group. The Members of Ensom and Clements were lowered to the status of Beds by Westhead and Mather in 1996 as they were of limited applicability outside of their originally-observed sections, with them only recognizing five members of the Lulworth and Durlston Formations, each encompassing multiple of the Beds of earlier studies.
651:
226:
806:
1272:
793:
277:
106:
400:
by
Thompson in 1975, who introduced the Purbeck Group as their parent unit. Cope and colleagues considered the Purbeck as a formation in 1980, naming it the Purbeck Limestone Formation, while El Shahat and West in 1993 called it the Purbeck Formation. Ensom in 1985 and Clements in 1993 detailed the
386:
The stratigraphic organisation of the
Purbeck Group has varied significantly over time since it was first labelled in 1816 for a section of limestone on the Isle of Purbeck. The labels Purbeck Limestone, Purbeck stone, Purbeck series and Purbeck strata were all used by Webster in 1816, with Purbeck
444:
the
Purbeck Group is formally subdivided into the Blues and Greys Limestones members The sequence was traditionally divided into three, though along different lines viz. Upper, Middle and Lower. The Upper Purbeck comprises 50 to 60 ft (15 to 18 m). of fresh-water clays and shales with
391:
in 1818. Works from 136 to 1884 provided some descriptions and labels of the locally-known beds, and the divisions of the
Purbeck into upper, middle, and lower units. The label of Lulworth Beds was given to the strata below the Cinder Bed in 1963 by Casey, who called the remaining section the
453:-bed, in the lower part. The Middle division (50 ft (15 m)), mainly thin limestones with shaly partings, contains the principal building stones of the Swanage district; near the base of this subdivision there is a 5 in (13 cm), bed from which an interesting suite of
784:", a grey or greenish limestone full of shells, was formerly extensively employed in cathedrals and churches. Stone tiles or slats were once used locally for roofing from the Lower Purbeck of Portland, Swanage and Swindon. Gypsum was formerly worked from the Lower Purbeck at Swanage.
416:
where the
Purbeck was first recognized, the younger Durlston Formation can be divided into the Peveril Point Member and Stair Hole Member, while the older Lulworth Formation is divided into the Worbarrow Tout Member, Ridgeway Member, and Mupe Member. Within the
597:
on account of the similarity of its fresh-water faunas; but the marine fossils, including the fishes, ally the
Purbeck more closely with the Upper Jurassic rocks of other parts, and it may be regarded as the equivalent of the upper
421:, the Lulworth and Durlston Formations can be recognized, but their subdivisions are undifferentiated, while outside the Dorset region the oldest and lowermost Purbeck Limestone below the Lulworth in
457:
remains has been obtained; in this portion of the
Purbeck Group there are some marine bands. The Lower Purbeck consists of fresh-water and terrestrial deposits, marls, and limestones (the famous
1253:
Miguel Moreno-Azanza, Jose
Ignacio Canudo, and Jose Manuel Gasca. (2015) "Enigmatic Early Cretaceous ootaxa from Western Europe with signals of extrinsic eggshell degradation"
756:
The thickness of the formation in
Wiltshire is 80 to 90 ft (27 m), but in Dorset it is typically between 45 and 120 metres (148 and 394 ft) thick. In the
1309:
772:; but there are in some districts distinct indications that the Portland Group was uplifted and worn away to some extent prior to the deposition of the Purbeck Group.
1292:
764:
the Purbeck Group has a typical thickness of between 77 and 186 metres (253 and 610 ft). In most places the Purbeck Group rests conformably upon the
1324:
1078:
1314:
469:, where many of the individual beds are known by distinctive names. The chief building stones of Upwey belong to this part of the Purbeck Group.
1236:
Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and OsmĂłlska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp.
1287:
1319:
1241:
408:
recognises three formations and five members of the Purbeck Group, exposed differently across the span of southern England. In the
1104:
1369:
1354:
1349:
1329:
1128:
Ensom, P.C. (2002). "The Purbeck Limestone Group of Dorset, southern England: a guide to lithostratigraphic terms".
1374:
1364:
1344:
1334:
405:
1359:
1339:
765:
823:
has been recognized for the British Purbeckian strata, but the horizon is approximately equivalent to that of
658:
The Purbeck Group outcrops follow the line of the Jurassic outcrop from Dorset, through the Vale of Wardour,
695:
679:
1073:
831:
667:
619:
434:
137:
1148:
847:, the latter being abundant in the Cinder bed of the Middle Purbeck. The fresh-water mollusca include
650:
363:
302:
119:
1255:
935:
703:
675:
639:
825:
631:
1168:
540:
483:
458:
397:
393:
375:
133:
129:
829:
of the European continent. The Purbeckian equivalents of Spilsby and Speeton are in the zone of
780:
The building stones of the Purbeck Group have already been mentioned; the Purbeck or Paludina "
593:
In the past, many geologists have ranged the Purbeck Group with the overlying Lower Cretaceous
1237:
1027:
635:
299:
1160:
943:. The mammals, mostly determined from lower jaws, found in the beds mentioned above include
813:
746:
674:. In East Sussex, the Purbeck Group outcrops at three locations north and northwest west of
607:
466:
388:
340:. This sequence of rocks has gone by various names in the past including amongst others the
296:
1043:
993:
805:
430:
314:
257:
1194:
Analysis of the distribution and characteristics of landslips in the Weald of East Sussex
881:. A large number of insect genera has been found in the Middle and Lower Purbeck Group.
1035:
975:
446:
292:
231:
1303:
1283:
1278:
1172:
987:
917:
769:
594:
147:
64:
29:
1060:
951:
871:
711:
699:
618:
marls. These French outcrops occur, just like those in England, in the core of the
409:
267:
1206:
630:
three subdivisions are recognized in strata of the same age: in descending order
1019:
911:
905:
900:
837:
809:
761:
441:
426:
418:
306:
157:
39:
1047:
983:
969:
963:
945:
926:
922:
865:
742:
663:
371:
84:
49:
1296:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 657–658.
1164:
1012:
895:
859:
849:
792:
734:
707:
691:
671:
422:
367:
276:
194:
184:
89:
105:
717:
The rocks predominantly comprise calcareous mudstones though also include
1055:
957:
889:
884:
623:
333:
180:
79:
74:
59:
54:
44:
1149:"Stratigraphy and structure of the Purbeck inliers of Sussex (England)"
1023:
999:
940:
683:
678:
and at Netherfield. They also occur at several other locations east of
659:
627:
599:
337:
326:
322:
310:
242:
94:
69:
1039:
1016:) are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.
980:
877:
843:
820:
781:
738:
687:
615:
603:
454:
413:
318:
213:
1277:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1003:
804:
791:
757:
750:
722:
649:
198:
1105:"A stratigraphical framework for the Lower Cretaceous of England"
606:. Contemporaneous rocks are also present in the neighbourhood of
730:
726:
718:
1054:), are very noticeable in the dirt beds of Portland and near
366:
by European geologists. The Purbeckian corresponds with the
622:. Purbeckian aged deposits occur even further south in the
281:
Exposures of the Purbeck Group in Dorset shown in dark blue
1064:
is found in the fresh-water cherts of the Middle Purbeck.
610:, where they are characterized by thin limestones with
694:, within the Purbeck Group are mined and processed in
1227:"Table 18.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 394.
1207:"The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units - Purbeck Group"
313:. The name is derived from the district known as the
167:
45 to 120 m in South Dorset, 77 to 186 m in the Weald
392:
Durlston Beds. These were elevated to the status of
1103:Hopson, P.M.; Wilkinson, I.P.; Woods, M.A. (2008).
465:. This division is very extensively exposed on the
359:Rocks of this age have in the past been called the
263:
253:
248:
237:
219:
209:
204:
190:
176:
171:
163:
153:
143:
125:
115:
110:
Strata of the Purbeck Group in Durlston Bay, Dorset
23:
1046:, often surrounded by great masses of calcareous
1136:(Life and Environments in Purbeck Times): 7–12.
332:The Purbeck Group is famous for its fossils of
8:
1123:
1121:
473:Subdivisions of the Purbeck Group in Dorset
1196:. MSc dissertation, University of Brighton.
1153:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
275:
104:
20:
1112:British Geological Survey Research Report
686:. Deposits of evaporite minerals such as
1079:List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
812:in the basal part of the Purbeck Group,
471:
1310:Geological groups of the United Kingdom
1090:
1031:are also known from the Purbeck Group.
753:are present in some of the limestones.
768:and it is conformably overlaid by the
1098:
1096:
1094:
992:is very common in the Purbeck of the
461:) with several fossil soils known as
433:has been given its own status as the
7:
702:they are represented in part by the
494:Upper "Cypris" Clays and Shales Bed
374:stages of the internationally used
654:Purbeck quarry in southern England
325:are exposed in the cliffs west of
14:
1325:Lower Cretaceous Series of Europe
1270:
224:
1209:. The British Geological Survey
1130:Special Papers in Palaeontology
1315:Geologic formations of England
16:Stratigraphic Group in England
1:
796:Animals by the Purbeck lagoon
835:. Other marine fossils are
582:Broken Beds and basal beds
504:Broken Shell Limestone Bed
412:(or Vectian Basin) area of
350:Purbeck Limestone Formation
1391:
1002:remains diagnostic to the
477:
1320:Jurassic System of Europe
826:Pensphinctes transilorius
557:
544:
539:
511:
508:
490:
487:
482:
406:British Geological Survey
274:
103:
28:
1165:10.1144/gsjgs.120.1.0077
979:and several others. The
838:Hemicidaris purbeckensis
733:, tuffaceous and shelly
682:and at Beak's Wood near
574:"Cypris" Freestones Bed
382:History and stratigraphy
1293:Encyclopædia Britannica
696:Mountfield, East Sussex
680:Heathfield, East Sussex
387:Beds first used by Sir
1147:Howitt, Frank (1964).
1074:Geology of East Sussex
816:
797:
741:and sandy strata, and
655:
620:Weald-Artois anticline
548:Cherty Freshwater Bed
545:Worbarrow Tout Member
1370:Ooliferous formations
1038:stumps and trunks of
1010:sp (theropod indet),
939:) are representative
808:
795:
653:
553:Marly Freshwater Bed
488:Peveril Point Member
1355:Limestone formations
832:Belemnites lateralis
35:Tithonian–Berriasian
1350:Mudstone formations
1256:Cretaceous Research
776:Use in construction
710:by portions of the
676:Battle, East Sussex
474:
435:Haddenham Formation
398:Durlston Formations
138:Haddenham Formation
30:Stratigraphic range
1330:Cretaceous England
1192:Codd, J.W. (2007)
817:
798:
656:
541:Lulworth Formation
509:Stair Hole Member
484:Durlston Formation
472:
459:Portland limestone
376:geologic timescale
300:lithostratigraphic
134:Durlston Formation
130:Lulworth Formation
1375:Geology of Dorset
1114:. RR/08/03: 1–77.
1028:Mycomorphoolithus
1022:referable to the
899:individuals."]),
788:Palaeoenvironment
586:
585:
512:"Middle Purbeck"
346:Purbeck Formation
285:
284:
1382:
1365:Shale formations
1345:Berriasian Stage
1335:Jurassic England
1297:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1263:
1251:
1245:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1100:
1044:coniferous trees
814:Isle of Portland
626:. In north-west
608:Boulogne-sur-Mer
571:Ridgeway Member
566:Hard Cockle Bed
561:Soft Cockle Bed
558:"Lower Purbeck"
530:Intermarine Bed
491:"Upper Purbeck"
475:
467:Isle of Portland
445:limestones, the
389:William Buckland
309:) in south-east
297:Lower Cretaceous
279:
230:
228:
227:
108:
99:
36:
21:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1360:Marl formations
1340:Tithonian Stage
1300:
1299:
1286:, ed. (1911). "
1282:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1252:
1248:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1159:(1–4): 77–113.
1146:
1145:
1141:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1087:
1070:
994:Vale of Wardour
844:Ostrea distonta
803:
790:
778:
648:
591:
515:Chief Beef Bed
431:Buckinghamshire
384:
315:Isle of Purbeck
305:(a sequence of
280:
258:Isle of Purbeck
225:
223:
111:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
34:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1388:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1302:
1301:
1284:Chisholm, Hugh
1265:
1264:
1246:
1229:
1220:
1198:
1185:
1139:
1117:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1066:
976:Spalacotherium
802:
799:
789:
786:
777:
774:
766:Portland Group
647:
644:
590:
587:
584:
583:
580:
576:
575:
572:
568:
567:
563:
562:
559:
555:
554:
550:
549:
546:
543:
537:
536:
532:
531:
527:
526:
522:
521:
517:
516:
513:
510:
506:
505:
501:
500:
496:
495:
492:
489:
486:
481:
447:Purbeck marble
383:
380:
293:Upper Jurassic
283:
282:
272:
271:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
246:
245:
239:
235:
234:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
202:
201:
192:
188:
187:
178:
174:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
158:Portland Group
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
109:
101:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
37:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1387:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1279:public domain
1261:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1242:0-520-24209-2
1239:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
989:
988:Archaeoniscus
985:
982:
978:
977:
972:
971:
966:
965:
960:
959:
954:
953:
948:
947:
942:
938:
937:
936:Pleurosternum
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:
918:Cimoliosaurus
914:
913:
908:
907:
902:
898:
897:
892:
891:
886:
882:
880:
879:
874:
873:
868:
867:
862:
861:
856:
852:
851:
846:
845:
840:
839:
834:
833:
828:
827:
822:
815:
811:
807:
800:
794:
787:
785:
783:
775:
773:
771:
770:Wealden Group
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
737:, occasional
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
704:Spilsby Sands
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
652:
645:
643:
641:
640:MĂĽnder Mergel
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
595:Wealden Group
588:
581:
578:
577:
573:
570:
569:
565:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:
547:
542:
538:
534:
533:
529:
528:
524:
523:
519:
518:
514:
507:
503:
502:
498:
497:
493:
485:
480:
479:Purbeck Group
476:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
411:
407:
402:
399:
395:
390:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:
357:
355:
354:Purbeck Stone
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
298:
294:
290:
289:Purbeck Group
278:
273:
269:
266:
262:
259:
256:
252:
247:
244:
240:
236:
233:
222:
218:
215:
212:
208:
203:
200:
196:
193:
189:
186:
182:
179:
175:
170:
166:
162:
159:
156:
152:
149:
148:Wealden Group
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
107:
102:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
31:
27:
24:Purbeck Group
22:
19:
1291:
1268:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1232:
1223:
1213:26 September
1211:. Retrieved
1201:
1193:
1188:
1178:26 September
1176:. Retrieved
1156:
1152:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1111:
1059:
1051:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1011:
1008:Megalosaurus
1007:
998:
986:
974:
968:
962:
956:
952:Amblotherium
950:
944:
934:
930:
916:
910:
904:
901:crocodylians
894:
888:
883:
876:
870:
864:
858:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
810:Thrombolites
779:
755:
716:
712:Speeton Clay
700:Lincolnshire
657:
632:Purbeck Kalk
611:
592:
589:Correlations
579:Mupe Member
525:Scallop Bed
520:Corbula Bed
478:
462:
450:
439:
410:Wessex Basin
403:
385:
360:
358:
353:
349:
345:
342:Purbeck Beds
341:
331:
288:
286:
268:Durlston Bay
249:Type section
18:
1048:concretions
1020:Fossil eggs
923:plesiosaurs
912:Petrosuchus
906:Goniopholis
801:Palaeobiota
762:East Sussex
616:gypsiferous
535:Cinder Bed
442:East Sussex
427:Oxfordshire
419:Weald Basin
307:rock strata
1304:Categories
1288:Purbeckian
1262:: 617-627.
1085:References
1036:silicified
984:crustacean
970:Triconodon
964:Dorsetodon
946:Plagiaulax
927:chelonians
866:Melanopsis
743:evaporites
735:limestones
664:Garsington
372:Berriasian
361:Purbeckian
336:and early
321:where the
195:evaporites
1173:128814647
1013:Opisthias
896:Echinodon
885:Dinosaurs
860:Planorbis
850:Viviparus
819:No zonal
708:Yorkshire
692:anhydrite
672:Aylesbury
646:Lithology
499:Unio Bed
463:dirt beds
455:mammalian
423:Wiltshire
368:Tithonian
254:Named for
241:Southern
185:Limestone
172:Lithology
164:Thickness
144:Underlies
126:Sub-units
1068:See also
1056:Lulworth
958:Stylodon
941:reptiles
925:and the
890:Owenodon
855:Paludina
636:Serpulit
624:Charente
394:Lulworth
334:reptiles
264:Location
205:Location
181:Mudstone
154:Overlies
1281::
1024:oogenus
1006:level (
1000:Reptile
990:brodiei
931:Chelone
747:Nodules
739:oolitic
706:and in
684:Burwash
660:Swindon
628:Germany
600:Volgian
338:mammals
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