690:
883:
grounds to launch a military operation in
Chechnya, justifying it as a response to terrorist acts, although the responsibility for the bombings remained unresolved. The war against Chechnya received broad public support. The first weeks of the new military campaign appeared more successful than the first war. Russian forces quickly seized control of the Chechen capital, Grozny. The conflict was presented by Putin as a fight against terrorism, and he gained a reputation as a decisive leader restoring order and strength in the country. Such rhetoric resonated with a society tired of instability. After Putin was appointed prime minister, Yeltsin publicly announced his support for Putin as his successor. Analysts initially did not consider Putin a potential president—the only scenario that journalist Alexei Volin could imagine to "help a hopeless client with low ratings and no public image" become president was "a short victorious war." Public support for the war in Chechnya allowed him to boost his ratings—every week they increased by several percent.
99:
838:. He was portrayed as an energetic, decisive leader capable of protecting Russia from internal and external threats. Putin's popularity soared. A relatively unknown "apparatchik" even to the Russian elite became the most popular politician in just a few months: if in August 1999 only 2% of voters were ready to vote for him, by the end of the year, support had increased to 51%. This growth was the result of active support in the media and from the oligarchic elite, which sought to preserve its influence in the future Russian political landscape.
831:
end. Yeltsin announced his reluctance to run for a third presidential term, and Putin believed that his time in the government was coming to an end - "the future president, of course, would want to have a qualified person loyal to himself, it is clear that I will have to leave. Boris
Nikolaevich knows that I am completely calm about this." Then, in the eyes of society and Putin himself, Yevgeny Primakov seemed the most likely successor. Putin even hoped to earn Primakov's trust and get appointed to lead his former special unit in the FSB.
529:
786:
his health deteriorated. Yeltsin was more concerned about protecting his close circle than individual oligarchs. He was unhappy with the oligarchs' influence on people and the policies of his administration, but due to his declining health, he could not effectively combat the growing influence. Meanwhile, his inner circle was concerned about the welfare of their wealthy friends, who were worried about the future of their fortunes and themselves.
898:
523:
2412:
794:
political mechanisms of accountability and control undermined the new system. By the end of
Yeltsin's second presidential term, fear of retribution for corruption forced his circle to seek a new leader not based on qualifications or electoral legitimacy, but rather based on promises of protection and perhaps the hope that they could secretly control their puppet appointee.
35:
766:, was appointed in his place. This move was significant in the scheme of forming a future successor and indicated Yeltsin's and his circle's desire to find a leader capable of strengthening the country's political situation and ensuring their personal security and retention of influence after Yeltsin stepped down as president.
686:, particularly his democratic principles. Yeltsin echoed some of his democratic decisions, particularly distancing himself from any Russian political party. However, unlike Washington, who allowed Americans to freely choose their new leader upon his departure, Yeltsin chose a path that halted Russia's democratic development.
879:
the
Federal Security Service (FSB), catching them planting explosives in a residential building. The FSB claimed that what happened was part of an exercise, while critics speculated about the connection of the explosions to the upcoming elections to create an atmosphere of fear to justify military actions in Chechnya.
759:, who was appointed as prime minister. Yeltsin tested him for loyalty and the ability to attract voters. Stepashin, however, sought compromises with Yeltsin's opponents, indicating that he would not staunchly defend Yeltsin from his political adversaries after his departure. Stepashin failed Yeltsin's "tests".
931:
The absence of a democratic process in the transfer of power from
Yeltsin to Putin had a significant impact on Russia's political system and its further development. This period was characterized by the absence of a real democratic electoral procedure, which played a key role in shaping the country's
878:
As a result of the series of coordinated explosions of multi-story residential buildings, 307 people were killed, and over 1700 were injured. These attacks not only caused panic in society but also raised questions about those responsible for the explosions. In Ryazan, local police arrested agents of
830:
The process of transferring power to Putin was probably not fully planned in advance. Even Putin himself in
December 1998 did not display confidence in his political future. At that time, he considered his participation in the government "an interesting chapter in his life" that would soon come to an
732:
Yeltsin had a means of selecting his successor at his disposal. This mechanism was the appointment of the prime minister, a stepping stone to the presidency. Starting with
Chernomyrdin, potential presidential candidates were appointed to the position of prime minister. Since 1998, Yeltsin changed six
651:
Russia had already experienced limitations on political competition during the 1996 elections. Yeltsin's health problems also weakened his influence. His daughter and son-in-law established schemes to enrich themselves and those close to the oligarchic family. With an impending change of power in the
628:
The political situation in Russia in the late 1990s was challenging. This period, known as the "wild 90s," was characterized by social and economic instability, a rise in crime, and the weakening of state institutions both domestically and internationally. President Boris
Yeltsin suffered from health
942:
Yeltsin's decision to change power without the involvement of broad public participation in choosing a successor was an important precedent in the country's political history. This laid the groundwork for further strengthening
Vladimir Putin's position in the country and the subsequent establishment
882:
The bombings and their possible connection to the authorities remain a subject of controversy. Some observers and experts suggest that these terrorist acts may have been initiated by the FSB to garner public support for the start of the Second
Chechen War. These events provided Putin with additional
822:
and a critic of Yeltsin ("informally coordinating security services in the interests of Yeltsin's political opponents"), by providing compromising material. This diverted the attention of the prosecutors away from the oligarchs, securing them, and strengthened his position and Yeltsin's trust. Putin
802:
In the 1990s, Vladimir Putin, a former KGB officer, rose from the director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) to a key position in the Russian government. Putin cultivated good relations with the country's elite, including oligarchs and political figures from the Yeltsin era, which contributed to
728:
Operation "Successor", as it was called within Yeltsin's circle, consisted of two tasks. The first was to find a candidate not associated with Yeltsin himself. The second was to invent a problem that the "successor" would "solve," thereby gaining popularity with voters. The successor's rise to power
697:
Instead of ensuring free elections, Yeltsin considered it his right and duty to choose his successor. His strategy was to prepare and introduce his successor into the political arena without diminishing his own influence on Russia's political stage. This approach was focused on maintaining stability
656:
feared for their finances and security, preferring to retain their power and influence. After the 1998 crisis, there were no longer advocates for democracy within Yeltsin's circle, and in 1999, those in power did not want, but rather sought the ability to choose Yeltsin's successor themselves. There
785:
had much to lose: they facilitated the involvement of oligarchs in governing the country and, consequently, could become the focus of the new president's attention. Yeltsin's dependence on his inner circle of allies, including his daughter, Yumashev, and possibly one or two more aides, increased as
774:
The ruling elite, having made antidemocratic decisions, acted out of fear for their own security and a desire to preserve their material gains. In the open political struggle, there was a danger of a hostile "president's family" coming to power, which would begin persecuting and punishing those who
724:
This process involved frequent change of prime ministers, with each prime minister considered a potential presidential candidate. The changes in the head of the government allowed Yeltsin's circle to carefully select candidates for subsequent promotion to the key position. By the end of 1999, the
681:
Operation "Successor" was a strategic plan developed by the Russian President Boris Yeltsin and his inner circle to prepare a successor for the presidency. A distinctive feature of this operation was the lack of broad public involvement in choosing the successor, which led to a halt in democratic
810:
Putin's appointment as prime minister in 1999 was a recognition of his respect and support from the "Family" - a group of oligarchs rallying around Yeltsin. They saw in Putin not only a successor but also a defender of Yeltsin's interests and their own. Yeltsin and his circle expected Putin to
938:
did not have the opportunity to adequately prepare and participate in the elections, capitulating and supporting the chosen successor. Similarly, centrists could not organize an election campaign. Yeltsin's resignation and Putin's appointment as acting president were predetermined, making any
793:
continued to influence the political situation in Russia. The attempt to introduce a market economy without establishing democratic political and legal structures led to institutionalized corruption at the highest levels of power in the Kremlin. Liberal economic reforms without corresponding
922:
Yeltsin's resignation led to early presidential elections, for which possible competitors to Putin were not prepared. Presidential candidates Yuri Luzhkov and Yevgeny Primakov withdrew their candidacies. By the time of Yeltsin's resignation, Putin's popularity exceeded 50%. State media and
775:
had worked and prospered during Yeltsin's presidency. According to some, "it was clear that revenge would come, and then Yeltsin, the 'family,' and everyone would perish," so "a scheme was needed to transfer power to a strong who would guarantee Yeltsin his personal security."
918:
At the end of 1999, a law was passed in Russia establishing strict conditions for registering candidates for the presidency, including collecting 1 million signatures and regulating financing, which gave an advantage to candidates supported by the government.
633:. He was not eligible to run for a third term according to the Russian constitution. Yeltsin remained energetic and focused in the face of emerging problems, but when it came to the strategic development of the state, he lacked a specific plan.
908:, the prime minister becomes the acting president when the incumbent steps down. On 31 December 1999, Yeltsin announced his resignation, and Vladimir Putin, who held the position of prime minister, automatically became the acting president.
736:
In preparation for the successor's election, Yeltsin's circle organized a public opinion poll asking, "Which movie character would you vote for in the elections?" The leader turned out to be the Soviet literary and movie character,
689:
781:, Yeltsin's daughter, played an important role in the final decision to transfer power to Putin. As Yeltsin's health deteriorated, Dyachenko increasingly acted as an advisor and confidante to the president. She and her fiancé
225:
701:
This strategic decision by Yeltsin demonstrates his desire to maintain control over the political situation in Russia and ensure political protection for himself and his inner circle after stepping down as president.
1972:
389:
1967:
939:
democratic election mechanisms merely formal. As a result, representatives of liberal and centrist forces were sidelined in the political struggle and could not organize an effective election campaign.
384:
1883:
98:
717:, known as "the family", began actively seeking a competent, reliable, loyal, and sober candidate with no past ties to Yeltsin who could strengthen the state and propose and articulate the "
863:
that occurred in Russia in September 1999 is one of the most significant events preceding the start of the Second Chechen War. The suspicious nature of these explosions, which occurred in
729:
was to be achieved using methods tested in the 1996 elections: utilizing state resources and the support of oligarchic structures with which Yeltsin and his circle had close ties.
2093:
1771:
509:
396:
215:
814:
Putin demonstrated his loyalty and dedication to Yeltsin even before his appointment as prime minister, while he was the director of the FSB. He assisted in the removal of
2367:
499:
2372:
1806:
424:
1363:
1176:
1106:
1904:
168:
2046:
205:
178:
1919:
648:
posed a serious challenge to Russia. Against the backdrop of the upcoming 2000 presidential elections, the political situation remained tense and uncertain.
193:
1510:
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1545:
1383:
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2071:
2056:
1816:
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434:
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85:
1941:
1811:
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1589:
429:
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553:
1856:
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401:
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1759:
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1618:
1347:
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1201:
1160:
1090:
1063:
1005:
369:
359:
1997:
1992:
464:
459:
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2024:
1801:
1791:
1764:
1754:
1744:
374:
364:
354:
1638:
247:
2017:
2012:
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2076:
1713:
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706:
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334:
305:
288:
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252:
943:
of an authoritarian regime in Russia. The absence of democratic processes in forming power opened the door to the establishment of a
2362:
163:
71:
53:
45:
2347:
1708:
593:
329:
1956:
1871:
1841:
1796:
966:
414:
200:
2321:
2029:
725:"family" was already seriously concerned about the future and actively sought ways to ensure their candidate's ascent to power.
321:
2446:
2334:
2210:
961:
860:
847:
419:
409:
1846:
1836:
2202:
1866:
1443:
484:
856:. Putin conducted the war with great publicity, appearing on TV and demonstrating determination to suppress the uprising.
710:
645:
923:
administrative resources were under the control of the acting president, which significantly contributed to his victory.
2461:
2352:
1723:
1609:
1582:
819:
494:
173:
2451:
2066:
1733:
956:
790:
670:
546:
343:
220:
2250:
1914:
1551:
824:
597:
589:
188:
1413:
1378:
2441:
1946:
1936:
1518:
2110:
1621:
752:
662:
585:
145:
2341:
1480:
2436:
2415:
2357:
1575:
738:
2471:
2223:
2136:
1888:
911:
Putin's first decree as acting president, as a loyal successor, was to grant Yeltsin immunity from future
905:
539:
504:
2265:
1861:
762:
In August 1999, Stepashin was removed from the post of prime minister, and another former FSB director,
522:
947:
in Russia, weakening democratic institutions and limiting the opportunities for political opposition.
528:
2179:
1987:
1982:
1851:
935:
912:
835:
454:
449:
673:. This situation created uncertainty on the eve of the transition to new leadership in the country.
2327:
2255:
2041:
1926:
1781:
1612:
575:
574:, who previously held key positions in the security forces and government, became the successor to
138:
1312:"Глеб Павловский и его война с реальностью. Глава из книги Питера Померанцева «Это НЕ пропаганда»"
705:
The idea of the need to prepare a successor emerged within Yeltsin's circle immediately after the
693:
Russian president Boris Yeltsin attends festive event on the occasion of International Women's Day
2130:
2004:
1909:
1357:
1170:
1100:
853:
183:
803:
his career advancement. Putin served as an advisor to Yeltsin's key ally, St. Petersburg Mayor
2466:
2291:
2285:
1826:
1821:
1343:
1291:
1229:
1197:
1156:
1086:
1059:
1001:
782:
778:
714:
683:
666:
653:
641:
596:. On 31 December 1999, following the resignation of President Boris Yeltsin, he was appointed
439:
744:. One of the individuals working on the "Operation Successor" was the political technologist
2244:
2233:
2124:
1193:
Russian Politics and Presidential Power: Transformational Leadership from Gorbachev to Putin
756:
658:
2402:
2386:
2173:
2118:
804:
17:
1931:
232:
897:
2309:
2167:
2149:
1598:
763:
745:
571:
113:
1339:
The Consolidation of Dictatorship in Russia: An Inside View of the Demise of Democracy
1152:
The Consolidation of Dictatorship in Russia: An Inside View of the Demise of Democracy
1082:
The Consolidation of Dictatorship in Russia: An Inside View of the Demise of Democracy
2430:
2395:
2280:
2275:
2185:
2100:
2051:
1718:
815:
682:
development in the country. Yeltsin was inspired by the ideals of American President
657:
was a growing demand for strengthening state power from society. Yeltsin did not see
636:
There was also a growing sense of separatist sentiment in the country, especially in
578:
210:
718:
1435:
1337:
1285:
1223:
1191:
1150:
1080:
1053:
995:
2191:
2161:
2141:
1436:"Отставка российского генерального прокурора "спасла миллиарды хозяина "Челси"""
2298:
2270:
2155:
872:
630:
2304:
2228:
741:
566:
In the early 2000s, significant political changes took place in Russia with
298:
827:. Putin demonstrated his reliability and loyalty as a potential successor.
1776:
944:
864:
637:
489:
1539:
665:
since 1998, as his successor because he was too closely associated with
1409:
1388:
811:
protect them from political opponents and ensure victory in elections.
2314:
1336:
Joel M. Ostrow, Georgiy A. Satarov, Irina M. Khakamada (2007-10-30).
1149:
Joel M. Ostrow, Georgiy A. Satarov, Irina M. Khakamada (2007-10-30).
1079:
Joel M. Ostrow, Georgiy A. Satarov, Irina M. Khakamada (2007-10-30).
868:
896:
688:
514:
1567:
1311:
1055:
The Russo-Ukrainian War: From the bestselling author of Chernobyl
807:, which helped him establish connections in the political elite.
932:
political landscape and halted Russia's democratic development.
751:
Among the first trial candidates was the former director of the
1571:
28:
875:, drew public attention and left many questions unanswered.
770:
Protection of Yeltsin's and the ruling elite's interests
709:, and Yeltsin himself became involved in this after the
1249:
945:
more centralized and authoritarian system of governance
852:
In August 1999, Yeltsin appointed Putin to lead the
2201:
2109:
1955:
1897:
1732:
1631:
586:Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation
823:was promoted to the position of Secretary of the
769:
1481:"Чайка против Бастрыкина: исход борьбы неясен"
1225:The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America
600:. He was first elected President of Russia on
1583:
861:series of explosions of residential buildings
592:in August 1999, Putin became the head of the
547:
8:
1362:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1175:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1105:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
842:1999 apartment bombings and the Chechen war
2057:Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
1590:
1576:
1568:
554:
540:
89:
893:Vladimir Putin 2000 presidential campaign
226:2022 annexation of four Ukrainian regions
86:Vladimir Putin 2000 presidential campaign
72:Learn how and when to remove this message
887:Resignation of Yeltsin and 2000 election
2188:(alleged mother of more Putin children)
1412:(in Russian). Коммерсантъ. 2001-01-23.
1155:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 77–99.
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
977:
92:
1355:
1287:Putin's Wars: From Chechnya to Ukraine
1168:
1098:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
2037:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
1342:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 16–.
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1085:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 81–.
1058:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 51.
7:
2182:(alleged mother of another daughter)
1377:Екатерина Заподинская (1999-04-03).
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
798:Vladimir Putin's career in the 1990s
854:war against the rebellious Chechnya
836:state and oligarch-controlled media
797:
2082:2024 Vladimir Putin visit to China
1857:2020–2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests
1540:""Но потом, как видите, втянулся""
1468:. Москва: Захаров. pp. 71–72.
698:and strengthening personal power.
652:country, Yeltsin's family and the
44:tone or style may not reflect the
25:
2457:Rises to prominence by individual
584:After serving as the head of the
2411:
2410:
1479:Артем Кречетников (2011-04-01).
834:Putin enjoyed active support in
527:
521:
97:
54:guide to writing better articles
33:
2219:Chapel of Russia's Resurrection
2211:Direct Line with Vladimir Putin
2077:2023 Xi Jinping visit to Russia
1554:from the original on 2021-07-28
1491:from the original on 2021-04-17
1464:Панюшкин В., Зыгарь М. (2008).
1446:from the original on 2020-12-05
1416:from the original on 2019-04-23
1190:Donald R. Kelley (2016-10-05).
848:1999 Russian apartment bombings
2368:Claims of incapacity and death
1434:Доминик Кеннеди (2004-11-12).
1290:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 82.
789:Thus, the consequences of the
568:Vladimir Putin's rise to power
1:
2373:Interview with Tucker Carlson
1852:2019 Moscow election protests
1466:Газпром: новое русское оружие
1222:Timothy Snyder (2018-04-05).
967:Joseph Stalin's rise to power
1387:(in Russian). Archived from
1284:Mark Galeotti (2022-11-08).
1052:Serhii Plokhy (2023-05-16).
994:Mark Galeotti (2022-05-12).
962:Adolf Hitler's rise to power
2477:Political history of Russia
2322:Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy
2072:2022 annexations in Ukraine
2030:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
1509:Винсен Жовер (2004-11-28).
957:Russia under Vladimir Putin
936:Supporters of liberal views
713:. Yeltsin and his friendly
707:1996 presidential elections
2493:
2251:Happy Birthday, Mr. Putin!
1942:2014–2016 financial crisis
890:
845:
825:Security Council of Russia
216:2015 intervention in Syria
83:
18:Putin's rise to power
2381:
2047:2014 annexation of Crimea
1724:All-Russia People's Front
1615:(2000–2008; 2012–present)
1605:
1196:. CQ Press. p. 108.
997:A Short History of Russia
644:remained unresolved. The
604:, and then re-elected in
206:2014 annexation of Crimea
142:(2000–2008; 2012–present)
1905:Legislation and programs
1812:Donetsk and Luhansk 2022
1622:Prime Minister of Russia
588:and as Secretary of the
430:Donetsk and Luhansk 2022
221:2022 invasion of Ukraine
169:legislation and programs
146:Prime Minister of Russia
106:This article is part of
2062:December 2021 ultimatum
2005:2008 Russo-Georgian war
1643:Presidential elections
1250:"The Road to Unfreedom"
791:early decisions of 1992
2447:Conservatism in Russia
2363:Claims of body doubles
2152:(paternal grandfather)
2025:European energy sector
1979:United States summits
1889:Wagner Group rebellion
1872:2022 anti-war protests
1867:2021 election protests
1842:2014 anti-war protests
1624:(1999–2000, 2008–2012)
901:
694:
149:(1999–2000; 2008–2012)
2266:Grandpa in his bunker
2164:(son of first cousin)
2094:military intervention
1807:Federal Assembly 2020
900:
692:
677:Operation "Successor"
646:1998 financial crisis
425:Federal Assembly 2020
179:constitutional reform
2180:Svetlana Krivonogikh
2009:North Korea summits
1964:International trips
1632:Political activities
1511:"Как создали Путина"
1000:. Ebury Publishing.
739:intelligence officer
711:1998 economic crisis
381:International trips
2462:Russian nationalism
2328:Putin: The New Tsar
2256:Vladimir Putin Peak
2176:(former son-in-law)
2170:(former son-in-law)
2042:Russo-Ukrainian War
1937:2008–2009 recession
1927:Managed nationalism
1782:Sovereign democracy
1613:President of Russia
1410:"Страна невыездных"
624:Situation in Russia
139:President of Russia
2452:Politics of Russia
2131:Katerina Tikhonova
1920:stabilization fund
1910:national champions
1485:Русская служба BBC
902:
820:Prosecutor General
695:
663:led the government
211:2014 war in Donbas
194:stabilization fund
184:national champions
2424:
2423:
2403:Dmitry Medvedev →
2387:← Dmitry Medvedev
2292:Putin. Corruption
1947:2022 mobilization
1915:priority projects
1639:Electoral history
1349:978-0-313-34594-4
1297:978-1-4728-4754-6
1235:978-1-4735-5620-1
1203:978-1-4833-2089-2
1162:978-0-313-34594-4
1092:978-0-313-34594-4
1065:978-1-80206-179-6
1007:978-1-5291-9928-4
904:According to the
783:Valentin Yumashev
779:Tatyana Dyachenko
733:prime ministers.
684:George Washington
564:
563:
248:Electoral history
189:priority projects
132:Political offices
123:
122:
82:
81:
74:
48:used on Knowledge
46:encyclopedic tone
16:(Redirected from
2484:
2442:Authoritarianism
2414:
2413:
2245:A man like Putin
2234:Walking Together
2194:(alleged mother)
2125:Maria Vorontsova
2089:Syrian civil war
1772:Political groups
1592:
1585:
1578:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1517:. Archived from
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1379:"Последнее дело"
1374:
1368:
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1228:. Random House.
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757:Sergei Stepashin
659:Yevgeny Primakov
598:Acting President
590:Security Council
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475:Political career
397:Political groups
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56:for suggestions.
52:See Knowledge's
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2396:← Boris Yeltsin
2377:
2197:
2174:Kirill Shamalov
2119:Lyudmila Putina
2105:
1951:
1898:Domestic policy
1893:
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1550:. 29 May 2020.
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174:military reform
164:Domestic policy
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2437:Vladimir Putin
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2342:Putin's Palace
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2335:Spitting Image
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2310:Putinversteher
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2168:Jorrit Faassen
2165:
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2158:(first cousin)
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2150:Spiridon Putin
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1741:Inaugurations
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1714:Second Cabinet
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1599:Vladimir Putin
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846:Main article:
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764:Vladimir Putin
746:Gleb Pavlovsky
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108:a series about
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2472:Neo-Sovietism
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2281:Putin Must Go
2279:
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2276:Putin khuylo!
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2186:Alina Kabaeva
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2067:2022 invasion
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2052:War in Donbas
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1993:Helsinki 2018
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1709:First Cabinet
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1521:on 2004-11-28
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1391:on 2021-01-24
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816:Yuri Skuratov
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629:problems and
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602:26 March 2000
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579:Boris Yeltsin
577:
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480:Rise to power
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330:First Cabinet
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19:
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2340:
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2326:
2297:
2290:
2203:Public image
2144:(family dog)
1932:Putin's Plan
1817:Ukraine 2022
1556:. Retrieved
1543:
1534:
1523:. Retrieved
1519:the original
1514:
1504:
1493:. Retrieved
1484:
1474:
1465:
1459:
1448:. Retrieved
1439:
1429:
1418:. Retrieved
1404:
1393:. Retrieved
1389:the original
1382:
1372:
1338:
1331:
1320:. Retrieved
1318:(in Russian)
1315:
1306:
1286:
1258:, retrieved
1256:, 2023-11-29
1253:
1244:
1224:
1192:
1185:
1151:
1081:
1074:
1054:
996:
941:
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927:Consequences
921:
917:
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906:constitution
903:
881:
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833:
829:
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731:
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723:
719:Russian idea
704:
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680:
650:
640:, where the
635:
627:
583:
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485:Public image
479:
435:Ukraine 2022
342:
320:
240:
233:Putin's Plan
156:
131:
68:
59:
43:
26:
2192:Vera Putina
2162:Roman Putin
1998:Geneva 2021
1827:Moscow 2023
1822:Moscow 2022
1802:Valdai 2014
1797:Crimea 2014
1792:Munich 2007
1610:2nd and 4th
1546:Коммерсантъ
1384:Коммерсантъ
1316:The Insider
440:Moscow 2022
420:Valdai 2014
415:Crimea 2014
410:Munich 2007
322:Premiership
2431:Categories
2299:Putin. War
2271:NTV affair
2262:Criticism
2215:Followers
2156:Igor Putin
2133:(daughter)
2127:(daughter)
1879:Opposition
1734:Presidency
1558:2022-04-16
1525:2019-05-20
1495:2019-05-20
1450:2019-05-20
1420:2019-05-20
1395:2019-05-20
1322:2023-12-24
1260:2024-04-17
973:References
913:corruption
891:See also:
873:Volgodonsk
671:Soviet era
661:, who had
631:alcoholism
594:government
455:Bratislava
402:Opposition
344:Presidency
84:See also:
2305:Putinland
2240:Tributes
2229:PutinTeam
1968:President
1847:2017–2018
1837:2011–2013
1833:Protests
1515:Инопресса
1358:cite book
1254:Knowledge
1171:cite book
1101:cite book
915:charges.
742:Stierlitz
715:oligarchs
667:Gorbachev
654:oligarchs
576:President
450:Ljubljana
406:Speeches
385:President
299:PutinTeam
241:Elections
62:June 2024
2467:Putinism
2416:Category
2353:Language
1787:Speeches
1777:Putinism
1700:campaign
1688:campaign
1676:campaign
1664:campaign
1652:campaign
1552:Archived
1489:Archived
1444:Archived
1414:Archived
951:See also
865:Buynaksk
669:and the
642:conflict
638:Chechnya
500:Opinions
495:Language
490:Putinism
460:Helsinki
446:Summits
311:campaign
294:campaign
282:campaign
270:campaign
258:campaign
157:Policies
510:Honours
2315:Putler
2111:Family
1760:fourth
1750:second
1440:ИноСМИ
1346:
1294:
1232:
1200:
1159:
1089:
1062:
1004:
869:Moscow
818:, the
616:, and
465:Geneva
2358:Jokes
2224:Nashi
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