101:
in weight ratios of typically 88/12, 86/14, and 84/16. The higher the potassium perchlorate level, the higher the heat output (nominally 200, 259, and 297 calories/gram, respectively). The size and thickness of the iron-perchlorate pellets has little influence on their burn rate, however the effect
264:
220:
Reed, J.W.; Walters, R.R.; Guidotti, R.A.; Jacobson, A.K. "Burn-rate studies with iron/potassium perchlorate heat pellets" IEEE 35th
InternationalPower Sources Symposium, 1992., 22-25 Jun 1992 Page(s):211 - 214
89:
particles. The center-hole design allows much faster activation times (tens of milliseconds) vs. hundreds of milliseconds for the edge-strip design. Battery activation can also be accomplished by a
102:
of density, composition, and particle size have significant effect on the burn rate and can be used for its adjusting for desired heat output profile. Another composition in use is
85:
by application of electric current. The second design uses a center hole in the battery stack into which the high-energy electrical igniter fires a mixture of hot gases and
237:
197:
A phase moderating component of the composition, which forms together with the combustion products a mixture with at least one distinct temperature of
294:
97:. It is desired that the pyrotechnic source be gasless. The standard heat source typically consist of mixtures of iron powder and
191:
174:
a heat source composition with large surplus of oxidizer is used; the heat produced by burning the composition is used for
77:
metal in a ceramic paper) along the edge of the heat pellets to initiate burning. The fuze strip is typically fired by an
51:
compositions with slow burn rate, high production of heat at desired temperature, and low to zero production of gases.
69:, where they serve to melt the electrolyte. There are two main types of design. One uses a fuze strip (containing
171:
32:
135:
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131:
98:
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39:. Its role is to produce controlled amount of heat. Pyrotechnic heat sources are usually based on
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44:
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A pyrotechnic heat source can be a direct part of a pyrotechnic composition e.g. in
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of the oxidizer. Relatively cold-burning compositions are used for production of
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146:
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74:
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48:
40:
36:
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201:, may be used for stabilizing the burning temperature as a form of
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behavior, and independence on environmental pressure are desired.
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can be prepared by impregnating paper or a fiberglass tape with a
150:
115:
54:
Pyrotechnic heat sources can be activated by multiple means.
238:
A High
Temperature Molten Salt Thermal Electrochemical Cell
65:
Pyrotechnic heat sources are often used for activation of
240:. Oai.dtic.mil (1990-02-12). Retrieved on 2010-02-08.
277:(WO/2006/046245) HEAT SOURCES FOR THERMAL BATTERIES
153:, can be used when entirely gasless operation, non-
8:
260:
258:
252:. Patents.com. Retrieved on 2010-02-08.
250:Heat transfer initiator - US20020035945
213:
182:or for dispersion of aerosol of e.g.
167:of the mixture of fuel and oxidizer.
7:
279:. Wipo.int. Retrieved on 2010-02-08.
267:. SureChem. Retrieved on 2010-02-08.
110:. Another mixture is 46.67 wt.% of
14:
1:
122:. Yet another one is 45 wt.%
311:
172:chemical oxygen generators
62:are the most common ones.
194:of the desired compound.
295:Pyrotechnic compositions
227:10.1109/IPSS.1992.282041
190:, providing the heat of
33:pyrotechnic composition
21:pyrotechnic heat source
114:, 23.33% of amorphous
203:phase change material
176:thermal decomposition
136:vinyl alcohol acetate
132:potassium perchlorate
99:potassium perchlorate
141:Reactions producing
43:-like (or sometimes
79:electrical igniter
29:pyrotechnic device
16:Pyrotechnic device
145:components, e.g.
91:percussion primer
67:thermal batteries
45:delay composition
302:
280:
274:
268:
262:
253:
247:
241:
235:
229:
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199:phase transition
118:, and about 30%
35:with a suitable
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219:
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128:barium chromate
120:barium chromate
108:barium chromate
93:, similar to a
71:barium chromate
17:
12:
11:
5:
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306:
298:
297:
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286:
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242:
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138:resin binder.
60:percussion cap
56:Electric match
23:, also called
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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180:colored smoke
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143:intermetallic
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95:shotgun shell
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73:and powdered
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87:incandescent
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53:
47:-like) fuel-
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20:
18:
192:sublimation
155:hygroscopic
31:based on a
25:heat pellet
209:References
184:pesticides
161:Heat paper
147:zirconium
134:, and 1%
104:zirconium
75:zirconium
289:Category
265:SureChem
130:, 14.5%
126:, 40.5%
124:tungsten
112:titanium
49:oxidizer
41:thermite
37:igniter
27:, is a
188:CS gas
165:slurry
151:boron
149:with
116:boron
106:with
83:squib
58:and
223:doi
186:or
81:or
291::
257:^
205:.
19:A
225::
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