148:) calliope, the resulting pressures of external combustion result in between one and five pounds-force (4 and 22 N) of trigger pressure. In a mechanical pyrophone, trigger weight per key is related to comparatively lower backpressure of combustible gas. Again, the force of combustion happens in the resonance chamber; rather than controlling the exhaust of an explosion that has already happened in order to produce tones, the pyrophone controls the explosion to produce the tone.
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This sound may be caused to cease either, first, by increasing or reducing the height of the flame, and consequently increasing or diminishing its enveloping surface, so as to make the number of detonations no longer correspond with the number of vibrations necessary to produce a musical sound in the
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If such a gaseous mixture, exploding in small portions at a time, be introduced at a point about one-third of the length of the tube from the bottom, and if the number of these detonations be equal to the number of vibrations necessary to produced a sound in the tube, all the acoustic conditions
102:
It is well known that if a flame of hydrogen gas be introduced within a glass or other tube, and if it be so placed as to be capable of vibrating, there is formed around this flame—that is to say, upon the whole of its enveloping surface—an atmosphere of hydrogen gas, which, in uniting with the
132:, but the difference is that in the calliope the combustion is external to the resonant cavity, whereas the pyrophone is an internal combustion instrument. The difference initially seems insignificant, but external combustion is what gives the calliope its
168:
Pyrophones originated in the 19th century. Byron
Higgins, using hydrogen burning within the bottom of an open glass tube, first pointed out that if flame is placed in a glass tube sound may be produced in 1777 and in 1818
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103:
oxygen in the air of the tube, burns in small portions, each composed of two parts of hydrogen to one of oxygen, the combustion of this mixture of gases producing a series of slight explosions or detonations.
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flutes). By controlling the combustion specific to each resonant chamber, the pyrophone has, for better or worse, a greater range of variables in play when producing tones. In a purely mechanical (non-
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demonstrated that flame(s) in a tube may be made to sound if they are placed close to one third the length of the tube, the explosion occurs at a rate which matches the
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193:, and de Parville describe Kastner as having invented the instrument about twenty years before 1890, and he filed a patent on Christmas Eve of 1874.
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Also published with a following discussion in (February 19, 1875). "Description of M. Kastner's New
Musical Instrument, the Pyrophone",
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249:. Different colors were probably not achieved in Kastner's time, but would be possible with the addition of salts to the flames.
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tube, or, secondly, by placing the flame at such a height in the tube as to prevent the vibration of the enveloping film.
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136:. Operating under the constant pressures of an external combustion chamber, the calliope merely directs exhaust (
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powered mobile units have been built, to connect to automobile fuel intake manifolds and use the
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Summer of Love: Psychedelic Art, Social Crisis and
Counterculture in the 1960s
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The
Ingenious Victorians: Weird and Wonderful Ideas from the Age of Innovation
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Five Sacred
Sonnets for Voice, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Pyrophone and Piano
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One of the pyrophones constructed by
Kastner, as seen in 2013 in the
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503:. E. Dentu, Ă©diteur... Eug. Lacroix, Ă©diteur ... 2008-01-14.
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and wiring, etc., to detonate one or more of the chambers.
185:
of the tube, and the volume of the flame is not too great.
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Grunenberg, Christoph and Harris, Jonathan; eds. (2005).
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attributed the tones to very rapid explosions. Physicist
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Movie "Nothing Like
Dreaming" Directed by Nora Jacobson
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Hvarför? och Huru? Nyckel till naturvetenskaperna [
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379:Scientific American: Supplement, Vol. 14, No. 357
70:, rapid heating, or the like, such as burners in
546:Pyrophone video from Experiment1 Arts Collective
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529:Audio samples from Experiment1 Arts Collective
494:Kastner, Georges Frédéric Eugène (1875/1876).
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433:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
197:attempted to include the organ in his opera
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309:. Vol. 7. p. 447 – via
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34:Durant's diagram of the sound-creating
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1044:List of instruments by Harry Partch
225:Pyrophones are usually powered by
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321:, p.293-7. The Society of Arts. .
1038:Experimental Musical Instruments
732:Experimental musical instruments
128:The pyrophone is similar to the
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552: (archived 31 January 2012)
535: (archived 31 January 2012)
473:, p.186. Liverpool University.
79:Georges Frédéric Eugène Kastner
397:François-Napoléon-Marie Moigno
25:Musée historique de Strasbourg
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89:, Germany), son of composer
66:, or similar forms of rapid
124:Related musical instruments
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1546:French musical instruments
896:Blackpool High Tide Organ
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361:Frederic Kastner obituary
1058:Designers of instruments
643:Glass diatonic harmonica
339:, p.136. Pen and Sword.
85:, France – died 1882 in
457:, granted June 15, 1875
304:Popular Science Monthly
790:Long-string instrument
505:. 3rd edition. Paris:
499:Les Flammes Chantantes
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221:Pyrophone fuel sources
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996:Electroencephalophone
663:Marianne Kirchgessner
513:Publication date 1876
439:. Trans. from French
382:, p.5687. New York. .
297:"The Pyrophone"
209:was a proponent, and
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376:(November 4, 1882).
160:The German composer
91:Jean-Georges Kastner
1465:Cornemuse du Centre
1190:Epinette des Vosges
805:Springtime (guitar)
606:(glass instruments)
454:U.S. patent 164,458
335:Wade, John (2016).
247:combustion chambers
211:Wendelin WeiĂźheimer
164:playing a pyrophone
162:Wendelin WeiĂźheimer
1205:Tambourin Ă cordes
991:Electrocardiophone
968:Singing Tesla coil
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1490:Orgue de rue
1115:Thomas Truax
1099:Hans Reichel
1095:Harry Partch
1087:Yuri Landman
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978:Quintephones
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951:Plasmaphones
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780:Home Swinger
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441:(in Swedish)
419:– via
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199:Jeanne d'Arc
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51:
49:
1500:Ralé-poussé
1258:instruments
1107:Adolphe Sax
1083:Bart Hopkin
1079:Ivor Darreg
942:Whirly tube
927:Folgerphone
838:Lion's roar
795:Moodswinger
511:(in French)
405:"Pyrophone"
235:spark plugs
179:fundamental
140:: internal
75:glass tubes
72:cylindrical
36:gas burners
1531:Aerophones
1525:Categories
1400:Sunaglieri
1393:Idiophones
1355:Percussion
1316:Cialamedda
1274:Flutes and
1071:Ken Butler
1049:Floppotron
1016:Swarmatron
963:Rijke tube
932:Klaxophone
919:Aerophones
908:Wave Organ
873:Waterphone
850:Idiophones
800:Sound icon
785:Kaisatsuko
739:Gaiaphones
690:Verrophone
679:Ranat kaeo
653:Glass harp
638:Glasschord
311:Wikisource
275:References
264:Rijke tube
243:test tubes
138:HB# 421.22
83:Strasbourg
68:combustion
64:explosions
1510:Serinette
1505:Riberbula
1495:Pyrophone
1470:Limonaire
1460:Chabrette
1307:Free-reed
1265:Urganettu
1256:Free-reed
1195:Mandulina
1006:Mellotron
1001:Kraakdoos
958:Pyrophone
902:Sea organ
868:Daxophone
775:Gravikord
673:Terpodion
668:Pyrophone
429:cite book
213:composed
183:harmonics
58:in which
52:pyrophone
1455:Caramusa
1450:Cabrette
1021:Theremin
937:Tromboon
765:Fotdella
760:Bazantar
755:Aquavina
507:E. Dentu
403:(1890).
253:See also
239:Hydrogen
231:gasoline
217:(1880).
205:(1878).
146:solenoid
134:staccato
116:—
1445:Bousine
1405:Timpanu
1384:Rouleur
1293:Pu'akau
1288:Pu toka
1210:Ukulele
1200:Mandore
1185:Cythara
1173:Plucked
1091:Moondog
810:Tritare
565:at the
548:at the
531:at the
411:Swedish
245:as the
227:propane
46:Kastner
1430:Bodega
1423:Others
1410:Kayamb
1342:Pifana
1321:Pirula
1298:Pūʻili
1283:GraĂŻle
1180:Cetera
1166:String
557:Cinema
477:
399:, and
343:
306:
229:, but
191:Moigno
187:Brewer
142:fipple
97:Design
1475:Loure
1369:Gumbe
1362:Drums
1335:Horns
1309:pipes
1276:oboes
1231:Bobre
1219:Bowed
1030:Other
540:Video
523:Audio
60:notes
1435:Boha
1379:Pate
1374:Pahu
1326:Vivo
1249:Wind
475:ISBN
435:link
341:ISBN
87:Bonn
1113:,
363:",
1527::
1117:,
1109:,
1105:,
1101:,
1097:,
1093:,
1089:,
1085:,
1081:,
1077:,
1073:,
1069:,
1065:,
509:.
462:^
431:}}
427:{{
413::
407:.
395:,
352:^
326:^
300:.
283:^
189:,
50:A
1151:e
1144:t
1137:v
724:e
717:t
710:v
596:e
589:t
582:v
501:"
497:"
481:.
437:)
423:.
417:]
359:"
347:.
313:.
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